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STARTING UP ............63 GENERAL INFORMATION .
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NOTE! All warranty undertakings given by the supplier cease to apply if the customer attempts to rectify any faults on the machine during the warranty period. THE DTG 405 IS DESIGNED AND TESTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARD EN 60 974-1 (IEC 974-1).
SAFETY Users of ESAB welding equipments are responsible for ensuring that all persons working directly with the machine or standing in its vicinity are complying with all valid safety requirements. The Safety requirements have to be in accordance with those for the particular welding equip- ment.
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WARNING ARC WELDING AND CUTTING CAN BE INJURIOUS TO YOURSELF AND OTHERS. TAKE PRECAU- TIONS WHEN WELDING. ASK FOR YOUR EMPLOYER’S SAFETY PRACTICES WHICH SHOULD BE BASED ON MANUFACTURERS HAZARD DATA. ELECTRIC SHOCK - Can kill • Install and earth the welding unit in accordance with applicable standards. •...
PRINCIPAL DIAGRAM DTG 405 The DTG 405 is a primary-switched power unit, using a forward asymmetrical half-bridge switched mode power supply (A4, A5, A11, A12). A high frequency transformer (T3) isolates the mains potential (L1, L2, L3) from the welding potential. After high frequency rectification (A4, A5, A11, A12) the polarity of the output current is controlled by an AC converter (A9, A10, A13, A14, full-bridge topology).
FUNCTION DIAGRAM DTG 405 welding pulse parameter process with control driver display control modulator inverter interface current control, driver control, sense hf-unit supply supply secondary primary power power mains stage welding stage supply Power block A3, A15, C1..C4 circuit A4, A5, A9, A10, A11, A12, A13, A14 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION This component description refers to the block diagram on the following pages.
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Fan, 230V AC Pump, 230V AC Power A4, A5, A9, A10, A11, A12, A13, A14: Comprising the high-current / high-voltage block section with forced cooling Main switch 0/1 DTG 405 T1, T5 Current sensor transformer 200:1 for overcurrent shutdown - 13 -...
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DC sense transformer 2000:1 High-frequency inverter main transformer Mains supply transformer, supply: • • • 230V AC (fans, pump) • 42V AC (solenoid valve, main contactor, HF ignition device) X... Connectors Mains cable X2, X3, X7 Socket for workpiece cable, TIG torch, MMA stick holder Connector for remote control TIG torch control connector for torch button Interconnection to power block...
GENERAL DESCRIPTION CONNECTIONS The DTG405 unit is powered by 400 V 3-phase AC via X1; the neutral conductor is not required. For TIG welding, shielding gas is also needed and is supplied via a pressure reducer. The welding-current sockets are designated in the circuit diagram as X2; X3 and X7. Usually, the earth conductor is connected to X2, and the TIG torch is connected to X3.
Arranged integral with the inverter module are RC elements. They serve to attenuate the high- frequency voltage pulses from power transformer T3 and block off the HF-pulses. Moreover, high-voltage starting pulses are required so as to permit non-contact starting of the arc and stabilising the arc in AC welding.
PROTECTION AGAINST EXCESSIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE The DTG405 is designed for welding operations where higher-than-normal electric hazards exist. Usually, only no-load DC voltages of about 90 V are applied to the output of the DTG405. The maximum permitted no-load DC voltage as per the relevant standard is 113 V. No-load AC voltages cannot occur at the output unless a fault has occurred.
LED3, amber: Comes on when the mains switch contacts 13, 14 on Q1 are open. DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION The description refers to the BLOCK DIAGRAM DTG 405 and to A1 COMPONENT POSITIONS. Only those items that are connected to the inputs and outputs of the circuit board are described here.
A1-1 START-UP CIRCUIT a1-1.pcx Warning! The circuit and its parts are connected to mains voltage potential. The voltage supplied by rectifier A3 charges the link buffer capacitors C1 to C4 to link voltage (UZ) via the charging resistor R25. A start-up circuit 7 initially powers the primary supply 1. Then, start- ing at a link voltage of about 40 V, the primary supply begins to work on its own.
A1-3 MAINS VOLTAGE MONITORING A1-3.pcx Warning! The circuit and its parts are connected to mains voltage potential. The voltage divider comprising R36 to R40 divides the link voltage UZ at a ratio of about 200:1. This voltage is evaluated by a comparator circuit 10. When the maximum allowed link voltage of 660 V DC (equivalent to a mains voltage of approx.
A1-5 PRIMARY OVERCURRENT SHUTDOWN a1-5.pcx Warning! The circuit and its parts are connected to mains voltage potential. T1 and T5 monitor the primary current of power transformer T3. When it exceeds a threshold crit- ical for the MOSFETs on A5, A12 and A4, A11, the monitoring circuit 8 trips the Low side of the inverter half-bridge A4, A11, and the red LED2 on A1 comes on.
A1-6 DC-OUTPUT VOLTAGE BUFFER AND OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION a1-6.pcx Two separate cables convey the output voltages to connectors X9-1 and X9-3. The safety circuit 16 monitors whether an excessive positive, an excessive negative, or an excessive AC voltage is applied to the output. If any of these cases occurs, a memory signal 5 is set. It switches off the complete inverter supply.
A1-8 MAINS SWITCH MONITORING a1-8.pcx To ensure a defined ON/OFF sequence for the system, the position of the mains switch Q1 is eval- uated via a contact on 13,14. The unit does not start unless the contact is closed. Then a fault indication (amber LED comes on) is displayed on the front panel with no display message (blank display).
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION GENERAL FUNCTION The functions of A2 are very complex. An arrangement of analogue and digital circuits that char- acterise the control function of certain welding modes is included on the board. All functions are controlled by a EPROM sequence control. The power supply to A2 comes from A6.
Positive polarity for DC in MMA mode, high active +15 V Positive polarity start-up time for AC mode, low active Not relevant for the DTG 405 Not relevant for the DTG 405 Not relevant for the DTG 405 +5 V...
A5, A12 COMPONENT POSITIONS Warning! The circuit and its parts are connected to mains voltage potential. TESTING MODULES A4, A5, A11, A12 MEASUREMENTS ON AN ENCLOSED POWER BLOCK CHECKING WITH TESTER IT01 Disconnect Molex control lead X11, X12 on A1 and connect to IT01. Switch position 1. Both gen- erator LEDs must blink, or the particular MOSFET group defective.
COMPONENT POSITIONS a6b.pcx DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION A6-1 SUPPLY A2, A6 a6-1.pcx Transformer T4 supplies AC voltages to X2. When rectified, they are stabilised in voltage regula- tors 21, 22, 23 and transferred to A2 via X5. The power supply to A2 and A6 is independent of the supply to A1 and A8.
A6-2 CONTROL HF-IGNITION UNIT a6-2.pcx The supply voltage is 42 V. HF pulses are generated via L2. The signals at T70 and T0 govern the triggering of starter A7. For HF starting from no-load conditions (HF, /I > 0), an AC voltage of 42 V is applied to the trigger leads T0/T70.
A6-4 SOLENOID VALVE CONTROL a6-4.pcx The gas valve is controlled from A2 via X5-1. Easy test of the gas valve: Make short circuit be- tween X2-2 and X1-3. A6-5 TORCH BUTTON MONITORING a6-5.pcx The Torch button signal S1 is potential-isolated by RE2 and is transferred via X4-1,2 to A2. The supply voltage to X3 is 230 V;...
COMPONENT POSITIONS a8b.pcx DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION PRINCIPAL FUNCTION The functions of A8 are very complex. An arrangement of analogue and digital circuits that char- acterise the control function of certain welding modes is included on the board. All functions are controlled by a PLD (programmable logic device) on the board.
A8 ensures the following limits: • No-load voltage • Minimum DC output current (TR3) • Minimum AC output current (TR6) • Maximum output current (TR4) • Limits of AC and DC output voltage • Minimum inverter frequency (TR1) • Maximum inverter frequency (TR2) •...
A8-2 ARC VOLTAGE SENSING a8-2.pcx The secondary output voltage is detected on X3-6 and X3-8 and sent to the voltage limitation cir- cuit and short-circuit evaluation circuit 3. NOTE! The internal voltage signal is only intended for internal use to control the unit. This signal must not be tapped on the control A8 for other purposes, e.g.
+15 V supply for control A8 -15 V -15 V supply for control A8 +15 V Pulse-width modulation for inverter Logic and supply ground Not relevant for the DTG 405 +15 V Logic and supply ground +15 V Supply error A1, low active +15 V...
A15 COMPONENT POSITIONS A15 works as interference suppression Filter. nef2x32.pcx Warning! The circuit and its parts are connected to mains voltage potential. COMPONENT POSITIONS T2b.pcx The trimmer on T2 defines the factory setting for the offset signal of the transformer. There is no readjustment required.
• • For other cable conductors, see CONNECTION DIAGRAM DTG 405 NOTE! Also remember that, when the unit is open, cooling is no longer effective. For this reason, do not operate open units at high load for a long time, otherwise components may overheat.
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH The three circuits set up for the insulation test are also needed for testing the dielectric strength. For the dielectric strength test, the standard also specifies how "carefully cleaned, used welding power supplies shall be tested (e.g. after maintenance or repair without new windings)". In addition, the design voltage plays a vital role.
LOAD APPLICATION DURING FAULT TRACING Applying a useful load to the unit during fault tracing depends on the type of fault and the possi- bilities. List of loads: • No load • Short circuit • Ohmic load resistance • Water resistor •...
INSTRUMENTS, MEASURING IN FLOATING MODE Battery-operated digital multimeters are suitable for conducting measurements. They can also test diodes and transistors in many applications. Only high-quality, interference-proof instruments (e.g. Fluke 75) are suitable for measuring output voltage. On TIG systems, do not attempt to measure on the load side of the HF reactor (X3) as the voltage of the HF pulses is so high that it could destroy the instruments.
UNITERROR CODES If you know what caused the unit control unit to trip, an amber LED comes on to signal a general fault and an error code is displayed on the front panel. Depending on the indication, you can prob- ably locate the fault already.
ERROR CODE 4: THERMAL OVERLOAD The chain of thermal switches is interrupted. LED1 on A1 comes on. Check connectors, cable connections and thermal switches for defects. If the unit suffers an early thermal trip, check the following potential sources of error or fault: •...
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In addition, IT01 comprises three identical check circuits which signal voltages greater than 6 V by a green LED (d), and voltages smaller than –6 V by a red LED (c). The check circuits check the control signals from modules A1 and A8 when the MOSFET gates are disconnected. IT01 can only test the correct function of the drive circuits on the electronic modules A1 and A8 which may suffer damage if there are defects in the power section.
TEST PROCEDURE WITH IT01 Turn off the welding system. Hold the IT01 with one hand and touch the unit under test with the other hand to obtain a discharge (This is a precaution to protect the unit from electrostatic discharges). Disconnect the Molex drive lead from connector X11 (i) on A1 and connect it to the tester.
TESTING OF A4, A5, A9, A10, A11, A12, A13, A14 Using a digital multimeter, you can test the gate connections of primary switch A4, A5, A11, A12 and inverter A9, A10, A13, A14. If there are defects in power transistors, the gate source resistors usually change from >0.001 Ω to levels of less than 100 Ω.
REPAIRS ON A4, A5, A9, A10, A11, A12, A13, A14 We advise you to renew the heat sink module. If an individual repair is urgently required, take into account the information given below: Only components of identical type may be connected in parallel on any of the switches. Due to changes made by component manufacturers and the resulting tolerances, your unit may be equipped with power transistors (SGS-Thomson identification: ISOTOP Module) which are no longer available.
UNIT HAS CRASHED When a unit has crashed, perform the following checks: • Check whether cable insulation is damaged. • Check for ferrite fragments in the unit. Ferrite cores of transformer T1, reactor L1 or HF reactor L2 may be broken. •...
If the needle is hot and the distance between needle and workpiece is not too large, there should be no HF ignition problem with a properly functioning DTG 405. If possible, check the HF ignition conditions and compare with another machine under the same conditions (gas, gas flow, needle, torch, workpiece, etc.)
HF ARC-OVER ON THE SHROUDED SOCKET OUTLET When the unit is started in DC or AC mode with HF by pressing the Torch button without holding the tungsten electrode close to a workpiece, check whether the condition of the insulation on the shrouded socket outlet and on the Torch button connection.
CONTINUOUS GAS FLOW Possible causes: • Defect on control unit A2 • Defect on control unit A6 • Gas valve defective • The inverter control A8 signals "Current flowing" to control unit A2. This may be due to a defect on control unit A8, or a defect in transformer shunt T2. •...
OUTPUT CURRENT IN DIFFERENT MODES The following oscilloscope patterns show the typical output current waveforms of DTG405 units for various modes of operation. They can be used for comparison with output currents when car- rying out service work. FOUR STROKE LIFT ARC DC 4ladc.pcx a: I1=10 % Imax = 40 A b: slope1=20 %...
STARTING UP GENERAL INFORMATION The commissioning procedures described are very similar to those conducted during factory re- pairs if the fault in the unit is unknown. Depending on the type of fault and the test facilities avail- able, it may be useful to conduct only part of the test procedure. The test procedure selected can pre-test several functions on the isolating transformer before connecting the unit to the mains.
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10. Test the drive signals for the primary switch (X11.1-X11.2, X12.1-X12.2): Voltages: +12 V / -12 V; duty cycle: 45% to 48%; frequency 66 kHz Cf. "TESTING OF MODULES A4, A5, A11, A12" (Checking gate pulses) 11. Increase voltage on isolating transformer up to 253 V max. (conductor voltage not to exceed 440 V).
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output current 40 amps 40 amps polarity reversal Cf. Current waveform AC1 in Section "OUTPUT CURRENT IN DIFFERENT MODES". 23. Increase AC1 current to MAX. 24. Check current waveform for AC2 mode. Cf. Current waveform AC2 in Section "OUTPUT CURRENT IN DIFFERENT MODES". 25.
COMMISSIONING A2 Turn on the unit; switch position 400 V; turn current potentiometer I2 fully anticlockwise. Set mode selector switch to "2-Cycle DC". Adjust trimmer 2 (refer to component mounting dia- gram of A2-2) until the display shows 003. Turn the potentiometer I2 fully clockwise. Set mode selector switch to "2-Cycle DC". Adjust trimmer 6 (refer to component mounting diagram of A2-2) until the display shows 401.
OPERATION GENERALLY Generaly safety instructions for the operation of the welding device are found on page 6. Read the instructions before using the welding device. CONTROL INSTALLATIONS AND CONNECTIONS CAUTION! The Positions F and G are omitted in versions with a central connection. REMOTE CONTROL The welding current during the TIG- and electrode welding can be adjusted using the remote reg- ulator.
OVERHEATING PROTECTION • An integrated thermal cut-out in the welding device protects the equipment from overheating. • The welding process is interrupted and the fault display (16) indicates error "4" . • The equipment must be left in that condition to cool with the main switch left in the on posi- tion and the cooling fans running.
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LED, welding LED illuminates when voltage is applied to the welding current socket. In the TIG operation mode, after activating the torch but- ton whereas in the electrode operation mode, this occurs after selecting electrode welding. LED, LED illuminates when the solenoid valve is open and the protec- protective gas on tive gas can flow.
Potentiometer, Sets the welding current. The welding current can be set during welding current I2 no-load operation and is shown in the 7 segment display. LED, LED illuminates, when the welding current I2 is active. During welding current I2 pulsed operation: Toggles between the displays I2 and I4 with fixed pulse frequency.
INSTRUCTION TYPES SELECTION (2) Electrode welding (MMA) Welding with coated electrode. HF unit and Lift arc function are switched off, Soft-Hot-Start function is activated. Spot welding TIG (Up-Slope and Down-Slope active) Welding with defined period (from 0,1 to 10 s adjustable). By pressing the torch button: •...
Locate torch. Press the torch button. Lean torc To finish the welding, Arc ignites by lifting. release the torch button. Direct current (DC) with HF-ignition (contactless ignition) • Locate torch with electrode over the place where the start of the weld is desired. •...
ELECTRODE WELDING (MMA) SETTINGS ON THE CONTROL PANEL WHEN ELECTRODE WELDING The polarity of the electrode depends on the type of electrode and the welding process. Pay at- tention to the producer’s instructions on the electrode package. Application of pulsed welding current is possible. Connect the welding current cable to the welding current socket (E) and (I) with reference to the polarity.
TIG WELDING For TIG welding, the operating type selector has three positions: • Spot welding • TIG four-step welding • TIG two-step welding SETTINGS ON THE CONTROL PANEL WHEN TIG WELDING Connect the TIG-torch to the control cable connection (F) and gas connection (G). Connect the return cable to the positive side of the welding current socket (I) .
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7.1.1 SPOT WELDING Set the spot time using the potentiometer (1) between 0.1 and 10 s. Set the gas post-flow time using the potentiometer (18). Touch the torch key to interrupt welding process after preselected time. Pressing the button again causes the process to be repeated. 7.1.2 TIG FOUR-STROKE WELDING Step 1: By pressing the torch switch the ARC is ignited.
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TIG four-stroke welding process The gas pre-flow time has an internal fixed default value. Set ignition current I1 using the potentiometer (25). Set Up-Slope using the potentiometer (9), at maximum (I2=400A) a ramp time of 10s is obtained. The ramp time is dependant on the set welding current I2. Set welding current I2 using the potentiometer (27).
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7.1.4 SWITCH PULSE WELDING/NORMAL WELDING (24) Fast pulse The arc pulses between the two current values set using the potentiometer I2 (upper value) (27) and the potentiometer I4 (lower value) (11). The time for I2 can be set using the potentiometer pulse time I2 (26), the time for I4 is set using the potentiometer pulse time (29).
SETTING, DC AND AC Setting of the desired welding current type using the welding current selection switch (22). 7.2.1 DIRECT CURRENT When DC welding, the electrode (TIG- and electrode welding) is connected to the negative pole and the return cable to the positive pole. 7.2.2 ALTERNATING CURRENT Connect as for DC configuration.
MAINTENANCE The unit is maintenance-free. The following points should be checked regularly: • Mains plug and cable as well as the welding torch and earth connection from time to time for damage. • After every package of electrodes or after 30-40 hours of TIG welding operation, blow out the unit with dry compressed air at low pressure.
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