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Introduction
The XVM PCBA family of supercapacitor modules are
self-contained energy storage devices comprised of
ninety-six or one hundred-seventeen individual
supercapacitor cells . The module includes the printed circuit
board with cells soldered in place and integrated cell voltage
management circuitry . Units may be connected in series
to obtain higher operating voltage (maximum 1,500 V), in
parallel to provide higher current or longer run time, or a
combination of series/parallel arrangements as needed .
The modules are intended for installation in UPS enclosure
systems that could then be integrated into standard 19" or
23" equipment racks but may be installed in custom racks
as well . As is, each module should be secured to a shelf to
ensure integrity of the printed circuit board .
The modules are designed to provide backup power for
graceful shutdown of systems, for ride through of power
transients (sags, spikes, dropouts), and for transition to
a permanent backup solution such as a fuel cell or diesel
generator . The module is intended for occasional charge/
discharge (typically less than once per hour) as it contains
no cooling features . The modules are not intended for
installation on vehicles or in high vibration environments .
The integrated passive cell voltage management provides
the highest reliability for optimizing product lifetime .
Safety
The XVM modules contains stored energy between 38 .9
and 71 .1 watt-hours and can discharge up to 1035 amps
if short circuited . Only personnel trained in high power
electrical systems should work on such systems . Modules
are typically connected in series to increase the operating
voltage and in parallel for increasing the potential discharge
current . Before working on a system with modules installed,
the module(s) should be discharged and the voltage on each
module verified prior to conducting any work .
WARNING
Danger High Voltage Hazard
Never touch the power terminals as the module may be
charged and cause fatal electrical shocks . Always check
that the module is fully discharged before manipulating
the module . For more information about the discharge
procedure, please refer to page 7 .
Do not operate unit above 259 .2 V for XVM-259 and 315 .9 V
for XVM-315 .
Do not operate unit above specified temperature rating .
•
Do not touch terminals with conductors while charged .
•
Serious burns, shock, or material fusing may occur .
Protect surrounding electrical components from incidental
•
contact .
Provide sufficient electrical isolation when working above
•
50 Vdc .
Prior to installation or removal from the equipment, it is
•
mandatory to fully discharge the module .
XVM PCBA MODULES INSTRUCTION MANUAL Technical note 10966 August 2019 www.eaton.com/electronics
XVM PCBAs Instruction manual
Theory of operation
Supercapacitors function on electrostatic principles with
no chemical reactions and no moving parts . They avoid the
lifetime issues associated with chemical storage of batteries
or mechanical issues associated with kinetic storage such
as flywheels . The XVM modules are non-toxic and designed
for years of maintenance-free operation .
Supercapacitors are intended as energy storage with a DC
discharge . The module should not be used for AC charging
or discharging . Discharges may be constant current or
constant power . Example discharges are shown in Figure
1a and 1b . The voltage of the module decreases while the
current increases in a constant power load while voltage
drops linearly under a constant current load .
7500 watts, 13 seconds
XV3560-2R7407-R
96 series x 1 parallel
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
2
4
Time (seconds)
Figure 1a . Example voltage and current discharge curves for 7 .5 kW
discharge from one XVM-259R2425-R module with a 250 V float voltage
30 watts, 33 seconds
XV3560-2R7407-R
96 series x 1 parallel
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
5
10
Time (seconds)
Figure 1b . Example voltage and current discharge curves for 30 A
discharge from one XVM-259R2425-R module with a 250 V float voltage
Due to the very low equivalent series resistance (ESR)
of the supercapacitors, minimal heat is generated during
operation . However, as supercapacitors can handle very
high currents, a significant heat rise can occur if the
discharges and re-charging is frequent (duty cycle >1 .5%)
and above 40 A continuous current .
Voltage (V)
6
8
10
12
Voltage (V)
15
20
25
30
Current (A)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Current (A)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
3
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