Texas Instruments 2000 Series Reference Manual
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Texas Instruments 2000 Series Reference Manual

Texas Instruments 2000 Series Reference Manual

High performance remote antenna-reader frequency module & antenna tuning board
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High Performance LF Remote Antenna Radio Frequency Module RI-RFM-008B
1999
High Performance Remote Antenna-Reader Frequency Module
11-06-21-047 February 2002
Series 2000 Reader System
1
RI-RFM-008B
Antenna Tuning Board
RI-ACC-008B
Reference Guide
December

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  • Page 1 High Performance LF Remote Antenna Radio Frequency Module RI-RFM-008B December 1999 Series 2000 Reader System High Performance Remote Antenna-Reader Frequency Module RI-RFM-008B Antenna Tuning Board RI-ACC-008B Reference Guide 11-06-21-047 February 2002...
  • Page 2 Antenna Tuning Board RI-ACC-008B. Important Notice Texas Instruments reserves the right to change its products or services or to discontinue any product or service at any time without notice. TI provides customer assistance in various technical areas, but does not have full access to data concerning the use and applications of customer's products.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    February 2002 Contents Table of Contents Preface ........................ 5 Chapter 1: Product Description................ 7 1.1 RA-RFM Module - General ................ 8 1.2 Transmitter....................11 1.3 Receiver....................12 1.4 RA-RFM Connectors and Jumpers............12 1.5 Antenna Tuning Board - General............. 17 1.6 Antenna Tuning Board Connectors and Jumpers ........
  • Page 4 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 Table Locations Table 1: J1 Pin Functions ..........................15 Table 2: J2 Pin Functions ..........................15 Table 3: J4 Pin Functions ..........................16 Table 4: Connector ANT1 ..........................16 Table 5: Antenna Connection .......................... 18 Table 6: Antenna Cable Connector........................

  • Page 5: Preface

    Preface Conventions Certain conventions are used in order to display important information in this manual, these conventions are: WARNING: A WARNING IS USED WHERE CARE MUST BE TAKEN, OR A CERTAIN PROCEDURE MUST BE FOLLOWED, IN ORDER TO PREVENT INJURY OR HARM TO YOUR HEALTH.

  • Page 7: Chapter 1: Product Description

    Chapter 1 Product Description This chapter introduces the RA-RFM component assemblies, showing the transmitter and receiver sections and placement of key user-accessible components. Topic Page 1.1 RA-RFM Module General ................8 1.2 Transmitter....................10 1.3 Receiver....................11 1.4 RA-RFM Connections and Jumpers ............11 1.5 Tuning Module –...

  • Page 8: Ra-Rfm Module - General

    High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 1.1 RA-RFM Module - General WARNING: CARE MUST BE TAKEN WHEN HANDLING THE RA-RFM. HIGH VOLTAGE ACROSS THE ANTENNA TERMINALS AND ALL ANTENNA RESONATOR PARTS CAN BE HARMFUL TO YOUR HEALTH. CAUTION: This product may be subject to damage by electrostatic discharge (ESD).
  • Page 9 February 2002 Product Description The RA-RFM, together with the associated Antenna Tuning Board allows the use of up to 120 meters of symmetrically shielded antenna cable (Twin-Ax) between an antenna and the Reader unit. A system diagram is shown in Figure 1. RA-RFM TWIN-AX CABLE...
  • Page 10 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 PWM Control Input Overvoltage Protection TX Power TXCT- Impedance Stage Resonance Trans- Oscillator circuit former RXDT Demodulator Int. Interface RXSS- Amplifier RXSS Threshold Figure 2: RFM Block Schematic The RA-RFM contains all the analogue functions of a TI-RFID reading unit needed to initialize a TI-RFID transponder, delivering data and clock signals for identification data processing.

  • Page 11: Transmitter

    February 2002 Product Description 1.2 Transmitter The transmitter power stage is supplied with power via two separate supply lines VSP and GNDP. Because of the high current requirements for the transmitter power stage, these supply lines are separated from the logic section supply lines and have two pins per line.

  • Page 12: Receiver

    High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 CAUTION: The RA-RFM must not be operated in continuous transmit mode when operated at full power output. When using pulse widths smaller than 50%, the RA-RFM transmitter power stage works in a less efficient way. This leads to an increased power dissipation...
  • Page 13 February 2002 Product Description Connector for the (optional) Antenna Tuning Indicator (ATI), which can be used for easy antenna tuning during installation. Main resonance tuning is carried out with the Antenna Tuning Board near the antenna. Connector for field strength adjustment resistor and also direct access to receiver input.
  • Page 14 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 The bottom view of the RA-RFM is shown in Figure 5. The connectors J1, J2 and J4 are accessible from the underside. J1 is the 16-pin module connector, this carries the supply voltage lines, the data, and the control lines. •...
  • Page 15 February 2002 Product Description Table 1 lists the pin functions for connector J1. The connector type is 16 pin, 2 row with 2.54 mm pin spacing. Table 1: J1 Pin Functions Signal Direction Description Logic ground TXCT- Transmitter control input for activation of transmitter (active low, internal pull-up resistor) Supply voltage for logic and receiver RXDT...
  • Page 16 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 Table 3 lists the pin functions for the J4 pulse width adjustment connector. The connector type is 4 pin, 2 row with 2.54 mm pin spacing. Table 3: J4 Pin Functions Pin# Signal Description Analog transponder signal GNDA Ground antenna circuit...

  • Page 17: Antenna Tuning Board - General

    February 2002 Product Description 1.5 Antenna Tuning Board - General In order to achieve high resonance voltage and thus high charge-up field strength, the antenna circuit must be tuned to resonance. This is the purpose of the tuning coil and capacitor array on this board, shown in Figure 6. Figure 6: Antenna Tuning Board Schematic The total resonance capacitance is as follows: Antenna Tuning Board capacitance + cable capacitance (Antenna Tuning...

  • Page 18: Antenna Tuning Board Connectors And Jumpers

    High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 1.6 Antenna Tuning Board Connectors and Jumpers A circuit diagram of the Antenna Tuning Board is shown in Figure 6. Tables 5 through 8 show connector and jumper signals. LED1, visible on the module, indicates the presence of power.

  • Page 19: Chapter 2: Specifications

    Chapter 2 Specifications This chapter lists the recommended operating conditions, electrical and mechanical characteristics and dimensions. Topic Page 2.1 Recommended Operating Conditions ............. 20 2.2 Dimensions ....................24...

  • Page 20: Recommended Operating Conditions

    High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 CAUTION: Exceeding recommended maximum ratings may lead to permanent damage of the RA-RFM. The RA-RFM must not be operated in continuous transmit mode when operated at full power output. Install suitable heatsinks when operating the RA-RFM at pulse widths smaller than 50%.
  • Page 21 February 2002 Specifications In order to keep power consumption (P_VSP) below 20 W it is advisable to limit I_VSP. The maximum allowed value dependent on the configuration can be determined as follows (in the following examples a supply voltage of 24 V_VSP is used): P_VSP I_VSP =...
  • Page 22 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 Table 10: Electrical Characteristics Symbol Parameter min. typ. max. Unit I_VSL Supply current for logic and receiver part in transmit and receive mode Low level input voltage of TXCT- High level input voltage of TXCT- Low level output voltage of RXDT and RXCK High level output voltage of RXDT and RXCK 5.25...
  • Page 23 February 2002 Specifications Table 11: Timing Characteristics Symbol Parameter min. typ. Unit t_TX Transmit burst length for correct operation (see note below) µs t_dtck Delay time from beginning of data bit at RXDT being valid to positive slope of RXCK signal µs t_dtvd Time for data bit of RXDT signal being valid after positive slope of...

  • Page 24: Dimensions

    High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 2.2 Dimensions All measurements are in millimeters with a tolerance of +/- 0.5 mm unless otherwise noted. 57.6 mm +/- 1.0mm 16.0 mm 4.8mm +/- 1.0mm +/- 1.0 mm 9.9mm +/- 1.0 mm 8.8mm +/- 1.0 mm M3 Pressnuts ANT1...
  • Page 25 February 2002 Specifications Figure 8: Mechanical Dimensions Antenna Tuning Board...

  • Page 27: Chapter 3: Installation

    Chapter 3 Installation This chapter shows how to install the RA-RFM and specifies power supply requirements and connections. Topic Page 3.1 Power Supply Requirements ..............28 3.2 Power Supply Connection ............... 29...

  • Page 28: Power Supply Requirements

    High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 3.1 Power Supply Requirements The logic and receiver sections of the RA-RFM must be supplied via the VSL and GND pins with unregulated voltage. The transmitter power stage is separately supplied via VSP and GNDP. As there is no stabilization circuitry on the RA-RFM and as the transmitter power stage needs a regulated supply voltage in order to meet FCC/PTT regulations, the supply voltage for the transmitter power stage must be regulated externally.

  • Page 29: Power Supply Connection

    February 2002 Installation 3.2 Power Supply Connection Ground pins for the logic/receiver part and the transmitter power stage are not directly connected internally, the two different grounds having to be connected to each other externally. The only internal connection is via resistor R_GND, in order to avoid floating grounds if these grounds are accidentally not connected to each other externally.
  • Page 30 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 CAUTION: The voltage between GND and GNDP must not exceed ±0.5 V, otherwise the RA-RFM will suffer damage. TI-RFID RF Module VSP 13 to TX power stage VSP 11 to Logic part Connector ST1 Ground Logic Bridge GNDP 9...

  • Page 31: Chapter 4: Associated Antenna Systems

    Chapter 4 Associated Antenna Systems This chapter discusses antenna requirements and antenna tuning procedures. Topic Page 4.1 Antenna Requirements ................32 4.2 Antenna Resonance Tuning ..............33 4.3 Tuning Procedure ..................34...

  • Page 32: Antenna Requirements

    High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 4.1 Antenna Requirements In order to achieve high voltages at the antenna resonance circuit and thus high field strength at the antenna for the charge-up (transmit) function, the antenna coil must be high Q. The recommended Q factor for proper operation is listed in Table 14, Antenna Requirements.

  • Page 33: Antenna Resonance Tuning

    February 2002 Associated Antenna Systems 4.2 Antenna Resonance Tuning In order to achieve a high charge-up field strength, the antenna resonator frequency must be tuned to the transmitter frequency of 134.2 kHz. This is done by adjusting the capacitance of the Antenna Tuning Board. Fine tuning may be performed by adjusting the setting of the tuning coil on the Antenna Tuning Board.

  • Page 34: Tuning Procedure

    High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 The following notes refer to antenna resonance tuning in general: Note: If an antenna has to be installed in an environment where metal is present, the tuning of the antenna must be done in this environment, since the presence of metal changes the inductance of the antenna.
  • Page 35 February 2002 Associated Antenna Systems Table 15: Tuning Range Settings Jumper Setting C_tunb C_deviation Tuning Range Cable Length V-RF_max (nF) (nF) (uH) (Meter) 16.5 +/- 0.5 800 Vpp JP2, JP11 21.5 +/- 0.7 800 Vpp JP2, JP8 23.5 +/- 1 800 Vpp JP2, JP5 +/- 1.5...

  • Page 37: Chapter 5: Regulatory, Safety & Warranty Notices

    Chapter 5 Regulatory, Safety & Warranty Notices Topic Page 5.1 Regulatory Notes ..................38 5.1.1 FCC Notices (U.S.A.)..............38 5.1.2 CE Conformity (Europe) ..............38...

  • Page 38: Regulatory Notes

    High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 5.1 Regulatory Notes Prior to operating the RFM together with antenna(s), power supply and a control module or other devices, the required FCC or relevant government agency (CE) approvals must be obtained. Sale, lease or operation in some countries may be subject to prior approval by government or other organizations.

  • Page 39: Appendix 1: Field Strength Adjustment

    Appendix 1 Field Strength Adjustment The magnetic field strength generated determines the charge-up distance of the transponder. The higher the magnetic field strength, the further the transponder charge-up distance. The charge-up distance does not, however, increase linearly with the field strength. The reading distance of a transponder is determined, amongst other factors, by the charge-up distance and the local noise level.
  • Page 40 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 3. Supply voltage of the RA-RFM power stage. The higher the supply voltage of the RA-RFM transmitter power stage (VSP voltage), the higher the field strength which is generated by the RA-RFM assuming that all other parameters remain unchanged. However, the generated field strength does not increase linearly with VSP supply voltage.

  • Page 41: Appendix 2: Adjustment Of Oscillator Signal Pulse Width

    Appendix 2 Adjustment of Oscillator Signal Pulse Width The RA-RFM has an in-built-in feature to allow setting of the pulse width of the transmitter signal coming from the oscillator. This enables the generated field strength to be reduced from 50% down to 0%. For this purpose a pulse width setting resistor may be inserted between J4 pins 3 and 4 on the RA-RFM.
  • Page 42 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 CAUTION: When using pulse widths smaller than 50%, the RA-RFM transmitter power stage works less efficiently. This leads to an increased power dissipation and thus to a higher temperature of the transmitter power stage. Ensure that the antenna resonance voltage does not exceed 200 Vp when the selected oscillator signal pulse width setting is smaller than 25%.

  • Page 43: Appendix 3: Threshold Level Adjustment

    Appendix 3 Threshold Level Adjustment The RA-RFM has a built-in receive signal field strength detector with the output signal RXSS- and an on-board potentiometer (R409) to adjust the threshold level of field strength detection. The digital output RXSS- is used for wireless synchronization of two or more reading units.
  • Page 44 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 4. Monitor the voltage at RXSS- output pin with a voltmeter or an oscilloscope. 5. Turn the RXSS- threshold level adjustment potentiometer on the RA-RFM clockwise, until the RXSS- output is just statically inactive. "Statically" means no voltage spikes present on the RXSS- signal.

  • Page 45: Appendix 4: Transmitter Carrier Phase Synchronization (Cps)

    Appendix 4 Transmitter Carrier Phase Synchronization (CPS) In some applications it is necessary to use several charge-up antennas close to each other. Under these circumstances, the magnetic charge-up fields generated by different antennas superimpose on each other and may cause a beat effect on the magnetic charge-up field, due to the slightly different transmit frequencies of different RA-RFMs.
  • Page 46 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 If several antennas are used close to each other, a check should be made to determine if the charge-up field strength changes regularly (i.e. beat effect ). This may be checked by verifying the antenna resonance voltage with an oscilloscope. If the antenna resonator voltage changes periodically by more than approximately 5% of the full amplitude it is appropriate to use wired transmitter carrier phase synchronization.
  • Page 47 February 2002 Transmitter Carrier Phase Synchronization Note: When using the transmitter Carrier Phase Synchronization feature, it is absolutely necessary that the read cycles of each of the different Control Modules are synchronized. When the transmitter of the oscillator MASTER RFM is not activated by its Control Module, the oscillator signal output of the oscillator MASTER RFM is disabled.

  • Page 49: Appendix 5: Noise Considerations

    Appendix 5 Noise Considerations Noise can have a negative effect on the receive performance of the RA-RFM. There are two different kinds of noise: radiated and conducted. Their characteristics are shown in Table 18. Table 18: Characteristics of Radiated and Conducted Noise Radiated Noise Conducted Noise Source...
  • Page 50 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 As the transmitter is switched off in this configuration, a normal battery may be used. A low noise level is indicated by an RSTP voltage of less than 1.0 VDC when using antenna RI-ANT-G02. Note: Both noise types can be either differential or common mode noise.

  • Page 51: Appendix 6: Over Voltage Protection

    Appendix 6 Over Voltage Protection For applications where there is a risk that voltage spikes and noise are on the lines to the RA-RFM, additional protection circuitry and filters must be added. A proposal on how this may be achieved is shown in Figure 13, and this circuit may be used as a guideline for protection circuitry.
  • Page 52 High Performance RA-RFM RI-RFM-008B February 2002 All components must be mounted close to the RA-RFM with the shortest possible wiring C1: 100 nF Ceramic R1: 1 Ohm / 2W Varistor 420V e.g. Siemens S10V- 520K420 C2: 100 µF low ESR R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7: 22 Ohm / 0.25W CHOKE: Common Mode...

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