Texas Instruments 2000 Series Reference Manual
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Texas Instruments 2000 Series Reference Manual

Texas Instruments 2000 Series Reference Manual

High performance reader frequency module
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Series 2000 Reader System
High Performance Reader Frequency Module
RI-RFM-007B
Reference Guide
A TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TECHNOLOGY
November 2002
SCBU022

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Summary of Contents for Texas Instruments 2000 Series

  • Page 1 Series 2000 Reader System High Performance Reader Frequency Module RI-RFM-007B Reference Guide A TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TECHNOLOGY November 2002 SCBU022...
  • Page 2 Series 2000 Reader System High Performance Reader Frequency Module RI-RFM-007B Reference Guide A TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TECHNOLOGY Literature Number: SCBU022 November 2002...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents ..........................Preface ....................Product Description ....................... General ......................Transmitter ......................Receiver .................. RFM Connectors and Jumpers ......................Specifications ................Recommended Operating Conditions ......................Dimensions ....................... Installation ..................Power Supply Requirements ..................Power Supply Connection ..................Associated Antenna Systems ................... Antenna Requirements ..................
  • Page 4 List of Figures ....................... RFM Block Schematic ...................... Pulse Width Examples ......................RFM Top View ......................RFM Bottom View ....................Mechanical Dimensions ................. External Ground Connection (GND to GNDP) Tuning Example Showing Increase of Total Tuning Capacity and Generated Field Strength (Typical ........................

  • Page 5: Preface

    Preface SCBU022 – November 2002 Fifth Edition – November 2002 This manual describes the TI-RFid™ High Performance Reader Frequency Module RI-RFM-007B, hereafter referred to as the RFM. Conventions Certain conventions are used in order to display important information in this manual, these conventions are: WARNING A WARNING IS USED WHERE CARE MUST BE TAKEN, OR A...
  • Page 6 www.ti.com Trademarks Trademarks The TI-RFid logo and the words TI-RFid and Tag-it are trademarks or registered trademarks of Texas Instruments. SCBU022 – November 2002 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 7: Product Description

    Chapter 1 SCBU022 – November 2002 Product Description This chapter introduces the RFM component assemblies, showing the transmitter and receiver sections and placement of key user-accessible components....................Topic Page ..................General ................Transmitter ................... Receiver ........... RFM Connectors and Jumpers SCBU022 –...

  • Page 8: General

    www.ti.com General General WARNING CARE MUST BE TAKEN WHEN HANDLING THE RFM. HIGH VOLTAGE ACROSS THE ANTENNA TERMINALS, ALL ANTENNA COMPONENTS AND SOME PARTS OF THE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) COULD BE HARMFUL TO YOUR HEALTH. IF THE ANTENNA INSULATION IS DAMAGED, THE ANTENNA SHOULD NOT BE CONNECTED TO THE RFM.

  • Page 9: Transmitter

    www.ti.com Transmitter The data input and output lines, which are connected to a data processing unit, are low-power Schottky TTL and HCMOS logic compatible. The functions of the RFM are described in Section 1.2. Transmitter The transmitter power stage is supplied with power via two separate supply lines VSP and GNDP. Because of the high current requirements for the transmitter power stage, these supply lines are separated from the logic section supply lines and have two pins per line.

  • Page 10: Receiver

    www.ti.com Receiver Receiver The signal received from the transponder is a frequency shift keying (FSK) signal with typical low and high bit frequencies of 134.2 kHz and 123.2 kHz respectively. The signal is received from the antenna resonator, which is capacitively coupled to the receiver. The signal RXCK is the reference clock signal to decode the RXDT data stream.
  • Page 11 www.ti.com RFM Connectors and Jumpers The RFM is normally mounted from the underside utilizing appropriate spacers and M3 mounting bolts. The top view of the RFM (without the normally fitted heatsink) is shown in Figure 1-3. Connectors J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, R409, switch SW1 and the antenna terminals are accessible from the top. Figure 1-3.

  • Page 12: Rfm Bottom View

    www.ti.com RFM Connectors and Jumpers The bottom view of the RFM is shown in Figure 1-4. The connectors J1, J2, J3 and J4 are accessible from the underside. J1 is the 16-pin module connector, this carries the supply voltage lines, the data, and the control lines.

  • Page 13: J2 Pin Functions

    www.ti.com RFM Connectors and Jumpers CAUTION The transmitter ground pins GNDP and logic ground pin GND must be connected together externally. The RFM may be otherwise permanently damaged. Table 1-2 lists the pin functions for the ATI connector J2: The connector type is a 6 pin, 2 row connector with 2.54 mm pin spacing.

  • Page 14: Antenna Connectors

    www.ti.com RFM Connectors and Jumpers Table 1-5 lists the pin functions for the antenna terminal connectors: Metric screws size M3 are used for connection. Table 1-5. Antenna Connectors Signal Description ANT1 Antenna resonator (capacitor side) ANT2 Antenna resonator (transformer side) Jumper JP6 allows enabling and disabling of common noise filtering for EMI purposes.

  • Page 15: Specifications

    Chapter 2 SCBU022 – November 2002 Specifications This chapter lists the recommended operating conditions, electrical and mechanical characteristics and dimensions....................Topic Page .......... Recommended Operating Conditions ................Dimensions SCBU022 – November 2002 Specifications Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 16: Recommended Operating Conditions

    www.ti.com Recommended Operating Conditions Recommended Operating Conditions CAUTION Exceeding recommended maximum ratings may lead to permanent damage of the RFM. The RFM must not be operated in continuous transmit mode when operated at full power output. Install suitable heatsinks when operating the RFM at pulse widths smaller than 50%.

  • Page 17: Electrical Characteristics

    www.ti.com Recommended Operating Conditions The following methods can be used to measure the actual I_VSP value: 1. Use a battery powered oscilloscope to measure the voltage drop across a 0.1 Ω resistor placed in the DCIN+ line, and then calculate the actual current using the formula I = V/R. 2.

  • Page 18: Mechanical Parameters

    www.ti.com Recommended Operating Conditions Table 2-3. Timing Characteristics Symbol Parameter Unit t_TX Transmit burst length for correct operation (see note below) Delay time from beginning of data bit at RXDT being valid to positive slope µs t_dtck of RXCK signal µs t_dtvd Time for data bit of RXDT signal being valid after positive slope of RXCK...

  • Page 19: Dimensions

    www.ti.com Dimensions Dimensions All measurements are in millimeters with a tolerance of ± 0.5 mm unless otherwise noted. 57.6 mm 1.0 mm 4.83 mm 16.0 mm +/- 1.0 mm +/- 1.0 mm M3 Pressnuts 70.36 mm 83 mm 1.0 mm Figure 2-1.
  • Page 20 www.ti.com Specifications SCBU022 – November 2002 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 21: Installation

    Chapter 3 SCBU022 – November 2002 Installation This chapter shows how to install the RFM and specifies power supply requirements and connections....................Topic Page ............Power Supply Requirements ............Power Supply Connection SCBU022 – November 2002 Installation Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 22: Power Supply Requirements

    www.ti.com Power Supply Requirements Power Supply Requirements The logic and receiver sections of the RFM must be supplied via the VSL and GND pins with unregulated voltage. The transmitter power stage is separately supplied via VSP and GNDP. As there is no stabilization circuitry on the RFM and as the transmitter power stage needs a regulated supply voltage in order to meet FCC/R&TTE regulations, the supply voltage for the transmitter power stage must be regulated externally.

  • Page 23: External Ground Connection (Gnd To Gndp)

    www.ti.com Power Supply Connection • For cable lengths of between 0.5 m and 2 m, the RFM ground pins GND and GNDP must be connected together at the Control Module in order to avoid logic level compatibility problems caused by the voltage drop across the VSP supply lines. Connecting the ground pins at the RFM is not permitted since this would lift the logic ground level.
  • Page 24 www.ti.com Installation SCBU022 – November 2002 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 25: Associated Antenna Systems

    Chapter 4 SCBU022 – November 2002 Associated Antenna Systems This chapter discusses antenna requirements and antenna tuning procedures and flowcharts....................Topic Page .............. Antenna Requirements ............Antenna Resonance Tuning ..............Tuning Procedure SCBU022 – November 2002 Associated Antenna Systems Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 26: Antenna Requirements

    www.ti.com Antenna Requirements Antenna Requirements In order to achieve high voltages at the antenna resonance circuit and thus high field strength at the antenna for the charge-up (transmit) function, the antenna coil must be high Q. The recommended Q factor for proper operation is listed in Table 4-1, Antenna Requirements.

  • Page 27: Antenna Resonance Tuning

    www.ti.com Antenna Resonance Tuning Note: The transformer of the transmitter power stage is operated at a high magnetic flux. Due to the high level of magnetic flux change, the transformer may emit an audible tone. This may also occur with antennas that have ferrite cores (e.g. TI-RFid Standard Stick Antenna RI-ANT-S02).

  • Page 28: Tuning Example Showing Increase Of Total Tuning Capacity And Generated Field Strength (Typical Values)

    www.ti.com Tuning Procedure The tuning of a new antenna to the RFM is started with no jumpers (shorting bridges) connected. While monitoring the resonance condition as described above, the jumpers are plugged in or out, thus connecting and disconnecting the tuning capacitors in such a way that the total tuning capacity will increase in steps of the smallest capacitance C_ATC1.

  • Page 29: Flow Chart For Tuning The Antenna To Resonance

    www.ti.com Tuning Procedure START CONNECT ANTENNA TO THE RF MODULE DISCONNECT ALL JUMPERS CONTROL CURRENT INTO VSP PIN INCREASE TUNING CAPACITY BY ONE BINARY STEP CONTROL CURRENT INTO VSP PIN MEASURED VALUE HAS DECREASED IN COMPARISON TO THE PREVIOUS TUNING VALUE INCREASE TUNING CAPACITY BY ONE BINARY STEP CONTROL CURRENT INTO VSP PIN...
  • Page 30 www.ti.com Associated Antenna Systems SCBU022 – November 2002 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 31: Regulatory, Safety & Warranty Notices

    Chapter 5 SCBU022 – November 2002 Regulatory, Safety & Warranty Notices ....................Topic Page ..............Regulatory Notes SCBU022 – November 2002 Regulatory, Safety & Warranty Notices Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 32: Regulatory Notes

    www.ti.com Regulatory Notes Regulatory Notes Prior to operating the RFM together with antenna(s), power supply and a control module or other devices, the required FCC or relevant government agency (CE) approvals must be obtained. Sale, lease or operation in some countries may be subject to prior approval by government or other organizations. 5.1.1 FCC Notices (U.S.A) A typical system configuration containing the RFM has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules.

  • Page 33: Expanding Antenna Tuning Inductance Range

    Appendix A SCBU022 – November 2002 Expanding Antenna Tuning Inductance Range It is possible to expand the tuning range of the antenna inductance. This may be necessary when TI-RFid standard antennas are used close to metal, when antenna extension cables are used or when customer specific antennas which might not be within the necessary antenna tuning inductance range are used.

  • Page 34: Circuit For Expanding Antenna Tuning Range To Higher Values

    www.ti.com Appendix A Table A-1. Capacitor Values for Expanding Antenna Tuning Range to Lower Values Antenna inductance range Capacitor value 24.1 µH to 25.9 µH C1, C2, C3, C4 = 3.3 nF 22.3 µH to 24.0 µH C1, C2, C3, C4 = 6.8 nF C1, C2, C3, C4 = 11 nF 20.4 µH to 22.2 µH (10 nF and 1 nF in parallel)

  • Page 35: Capacitor Values Expanding Antenna Tuning Range To Higher Values

    www.ti.com Appendix A Table A-2. Capacitor Values Expanding Antenna Tuning Range to Higher Values Antenna inductance range Capacitor Value C4 = 18.3 nF 28.0 µH to 29.3 µH (parallel 6.8 nF, 6.8 nF, 4.7 nF) C4 = 13.6 nF 29.4 µH to 31.0 µH (parallel 6.8 nF, 6.8 nF) 31.1 µH to 32.4 µH C4 = 10 nF...
  • Page 36 www.ti.com Expanding Antenna Tuning Inductance Range SCBU022 – November 2002 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 37: Field Strength Adjustment

    Appendix B SCBU022 – November 2002 Field Strength Adjustment The magnetic field strength generated determines the charge-up distance of the transponder. The higher the magnetic field strength, the further the transponder charge-up distance. The charge-up distance does not, however, increase linearly with the field strength. The reading distance of a transponder is determined, amongst other factors, by the charge-up distance and the local noise level.
  • Page 38 www.ti.com Appendix B CAUTION This damping option can only be used together with the TI-RFid standard antennas RI-ANT-G01 and RI-ANT-G04. Only a certain maximum antenna resonance voltage is allowed for this option. Please refer to Section 2.1, Recommended Operating Conditions, for details. Note: For correct adjustment of field strength according to FCC/R&TTE values, especially for customized antennas, a calibrated field strength meter must be used.

  • Page 39: Adjustment Of Oscillator Signal Pulse Width

    Appendix C SCBU022 – November 2002 Adjustment of Oscillator Signal Pulse Width The RFM has an built-in feature to allow setting of the pulse width of the transmitter signal coming from the oscillator. This enables the generated field strength to be reduced from 50% down to 0%. For this purpose a pulse width setting resistor may be inserted between J4 pins 3 and 4 on the RFM.
  • Page 40 www.ti.com Adjustment of Oscillator Signal Pulse Width SCBU022 – November 2002 Submit Documentation Feedback...

  • Page 41: Threshold Level Adjustment

    Appendix D SCBU022 – November 2002 Threshold Level Adjustment The RFM has a built-in receive signal field strength detector with the output signal RXSS- and an on-board potentiometer (R409) to adjust the threshold level of field strength detection. The digital output RXSS- is used for wireless synchronization of two or more reading units.
  • Page 42 www.ti.com Appendix D Note: Reducing the RXSS- threshold level sensitivity (turning the potentiometer clockwise), reduces the sensitivity of the built-in receive signal strength detector. This has the effect that the distance for wireless detection of other transmitting reading units is decreased, leading to reduction of wireless synchronization distance.

  • Page 43: Transmitter Carrier Phase Synchronization (Cps)

    Appendix E SCBU022 – November 2002 Transmitter Carrier Phase Synchronization (CPS) In some applications it is necessary to use several charge-up antennas close to each other. Under these circumstances, the magnetic charge-up fields generated by different antennas superimpose on each other and may cause a beat effect on the magnetic charge-up field, due to the slightly different transmit frequencies of different RFMs.
  • Page 44 www.ti.com Appendix E This effect will not occur if the transmitters of different RFMs are operated from the same oscillator signal. This is the reason why the pulse width modulated oscillator signal is accessible at the connector J1. Configuration Master or Slave setting of a RFM is determined by switch 1 position 1 (SW1/1). If this is in the ON position, the RFM is a MASTER, if in the OFF position, it is a SLAVE.

  • Page 45: Noise Considerations

    Appendix F SCBU022 – November 2002 Noise Considerations Noise can have a negative effect on the receive performance of the RFM. There are two different kinds of noise: radiated and conducted. Their characteristics are shown in Table F-1. Table F-1. Characteristics of Radiated and Conducted Noise Radiated Noise Conducted Noise Inductive parts;...

  • Page 46: Noise Testing Configuration

    www.ti.com Appendix F Eliminate noise sources or try special antennas (e.g. noise-balanced antennas). 1. When the configuration of Figure F-1 shows good noise conditions (RSTP voltage less than 1.0 VDC) then the problem is conducted noise. 2. Change the configuration so that the interface lines are again connected to the RFM with the transmitter still switched off.

  • Page 47: Over Voltage Protection

    Appendix G SCBU022 – November 2002 Over Voltage Protection For applications where there is a risk that voltage spikes and noise are on the lines to the RFM, additional protection circuitry and filters must be added. A proposal on how this may be achieved is shown in Figure G-1, and this circuit may be used as a guideline for protection circuitry.

  • Page 48: Circuit For Overvoltage Protection

    www.ti.com Appendix G Figure G-1. Circuit for Overvoltage Protection All components must be mounted close to the RFM with the shortest possible wiring V1: Varistor 420V e.g Siemens R1: 1 Ω / 2 W C1: 100 nF Ceramic S10V-520K420 C2: 100 µF low ESR R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7: 22 Ω...
  • Page 49 TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements. Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions:...

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