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Summary of Contents for Ludlum Measurements 3100
- Page 1 LUDLUM MODEL 3100 TRITIUM IN AIR MONITOR July 2019...
- Page 2 LUDLUM MODEL 3100 TRITIUM IN AIR MONITOR July 2019...
- Page 3 RETURN OF GOODS TO MANUFACTURER If equipment needs to be returned to Ludlum Measurements, Inc. for repair or calibration, please send to the address below. All shipments should include documentation containing return shipping address, customer name, telephone number, description of service requested, and all other necessary information.
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Page 4: Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ........................iii LIST OF TABLES ........................... iv LIST OF APPENDICES .......................... iv SAFETY SUMMARY ..........................v GENERAL INFORMATION AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .............. 1-1 1.1 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS ......................1-1 1.1.1 Baseline Conditions ........................ 1-1 1.1.2 Avoid Contact with Hazardous Live Parts ................ -
Page 5: Chapter Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS Continued Chapter Page 4.2.2 Filter ............................4-2 4.2.3 Intake ............................4-3 4.2.4 Mass Airflow Sensor ....................... 4-3 4.2.5 In-line/Off-line Airflow Desiccant Switch ................. 4-3 4.2.6 Airflow Desiccant ........................4-3 4.2.7 Tritium Detector Ion Chamber ....................4-3 4.2.8 Gamma Compensation Ion Chamber Detector .............. -
Page 6: List Of Illustrations
A.2.8 Calculation of Response ......................A-7 A.3 USE OF CS GAMMA CALIBRATION RANGE................A-8 A.3.1 Equipment Required ........................A-9 A.3.2 Disabling the Gamma Compensation Chamber ................A-9 A.3.3 Placement of Model 3100 on the Gamma Range ..............A-9 A.4 FINAL CALIBRATION STEPS ....................A-10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Title Page Model 3100 .......................... - Page 7 Page Reference Data ........................1-4 Equipment Supplied ....................... 1-6 Equipment Required but Not Supplied ................... 1-6 Parts Details for Model 3100 ....................8-1 Replaceable Parts for Model 3100 ..................8-1 List of Manufacturers ......................8-2 Recommended Calibration Fields ..................A-10 LIST OF APPENDICES...
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Page 8: Safety Summary
(WARNING) or equipment and property (CAUTION). A WARNING or CAUTION will appear each time a related step is repeated. Prior to operating or conducting maintenance on the Model 3100 the WARNINGS or CAUTIONS included in the text for that task will be reviewed and understood. - Page 9 The walls of the each ion chamber are at opposite 75- volt potentials. Do not contact either wall or its mounting hardware while equipment is operating. CAUTION Avoid immersing the Model 3100 in liquids or allowing spray or rainwater to collect around the instrument.
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Page 10: General Information And Safety Precautions
1.1 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS. There are certain things to consider in order to safely operate the Model 3100 and avoid damaging the instrument and/or causing personal injury. See Safety Summary before the Table of Contents for some general warnings and instructions. - Page 11 Figure 1-2. Front View Model 3100.
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Page 12: Purpose
1.2.1 Purpose. The purpose of this manual is to provide information that will assist in the operation and user maintenance of the Model 3100 in all its modes of use. Failure to follow the procedures described herein may result in unsatisfactory performance of the equipment. -
Page 13: Scope
1.2.2 Scope. This manual covers operations, technical specifications, and user-level maintenance information required to support the Model 3100. This manual applies to all users of the Model 3100. For more advanced technical information, see the Model 3100 Technical Repair Standard manual. - Page 14 Table 1-1. Reference Data, continued. Gamma Allows for tritium monitoring Display Range 0-20,000 µCi/m (0 to 740 Compensation in up to 5 mR/hr (0.05 MBq/m mSv/h) gamma fields Battery Calibration changes <5% Temperature 32 to 122 F (0 to 50 Dependence within battery check limits Humidity Range...
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Page 15: Recycling
Desiccant window removal 1.4 RECYCLING. There are recyclable materials used in making the Model 3100. 1.4.1 Recycling Materials. These materials can be found in the Model 3100 and should be recycled separately. Batteries-NiMH (nickel-metal hydride), Li-Ion (non-rechargeable coin cells), and/or alkaline... -
Page 16: Operation
ACK/RESET button once. If the radiation activity decreases below the preset level, a second press of the ACK/RESET button will clear the “Alrm” text from the display. The Model 3100 may be powered either by eight AA-sized rechargeable nickel-metal-hydride NIMH batteries, or eight AA-sized alkaline batteries, or be powered by a mains power cord, connected at the back end of the instrument. - Page 17 Figure 2-1. Identification of Controls. 2.2.1.1 Backlight Switch. This is a 295-degree rotary control that adjusts backlight intensity for minimum or maximum lighting contrast. 2.2.1.2 ACK/RESET Switch. Under alarm conditions, the first press of this button acknowledges (silences) the alarm audio, but maintains the “Alrm” text on the display. Once the radiation activity has decreased below the preset level, the second press resets the displayed alarm on the display.
- Page 18 The SAMPLE mode turns on the internal air pump and allows the unit to pull air through the tritium chamber while displaying the current measured tritium concentration. Note that the response time is approximately 60 seconds. High levels of tritium may cause the “Alrm” message to appear on the display, and for a loud “beeping”...
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Page 19: Operational Check
Figure 2-2. Plugging in Power Cord Figure 2-3. Unplugging Power Cord. 2.2.1.8 Relays Connector. Located on the back side of the instrument, this 9-pin “D” connector provides access to dry contacts for two internal relays. These two relays are form “A” relays, supplying contacts for the POWERED and “Alrm”... -
Page 20: Check Test
“Check Test,” will then be shown. Two possibilities exist for this test – internal electronic-only test or external source test. For more instructions on how to set up this function, please refer to the Model 3100 software manual. Note: If the airflow has not reached the minimum accepted value before the ACK/RESET button is pressed, the “Fail Air”... -
Page 21: Internal Instrument Test Screen
Figure 2-7. Internal Instrument Test Screen. EXTERNAL-If desired, an external gamma source can be used during the operational check. In this case, a reference reading with a gamma check source should be obtained at the time of initial calibration or as soon as possible for use in confirming proper instrument operation. -
Page 22: Maintenance Actions
2.4.1.3 Calibration. Instrument response shall be calibrated yearly at a calibration facility. Users shall turn in the Model 3100 within a month of the labeled calibration due date to their servicing calibration facility. See Appendix A for the calibration procedure. -
Page 23: Desiccant
Figure 2-10. Prevent Moisture Build-up CAUTION Although this instrument will operate at very high ambient temperatures, battery seal failure may occur at temperatures as low as 100 °F (37 °C). Should battery seal failure occur, corrosion on the battery contacts may appear and battery chemicals may damage interior components. -
Page 24: Shipping And Transportation
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, sixth revised edition, sub-section 38.3. This report is available upon request from Ludlum Measurements, Inc. Each battery is made of 25 “coin” cells (Panasonic CR1220), with a total of 0.25 g of lithium content in each battery. The two batteries are mounted securely inside the instrument and have a combined... -
Page 25: Functional Description
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 4.1 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION. The Model 3100 is intended for continuous measurement of tritium activity concentration in the ambient atmosphere. Tritium, which is a low-energy beta emitter, must be brought inside the detector in order to be detected. The instrument employs a pump and a flow-through pneumatic system to circulate ambient air through the otherwise sealed ion chamber detector. -
Page 26: Overall Functional Description
4.2 OVERALL FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION. The following information describes the overall functions of the Model 3100. 4.2.1 Handle and Tubing Assembly. Air to be measured for tritium is brought to the instrument via a sniffer handle/wand (Figure 4-2) and 20 feet of tubing. This handle is convenient to hold in order for the user to direct the input to a particular location. -
Page 27: Intake
4.2.3 Intake. The brass intake nozzle is located on the front, left end of the instrument, and is designed to fit 0.25- inch tubing. Under most applications, the vinyl tubing connected here connects to the particulate filter mounted on the front of the instrument and conducts the air inside the instrument. 4.2.4 Mass Airflow Sensor. -
Page 28: Primary Aa Batteries
4.2.11 Power Supply. The equipment is capable of operating from 115 VAC 50/60 Hz power or from internal AA-sized batteries. Input AC power passes through a circuit breaker and is applied to a power supply board that regulates it to a constant +12 VDC supply. While the instrument is operating with AC power applied, the internal batteries, if low, may be recharged with a constant (approximately 200 mA) circuit. -
Page 29: Radiation Detection
Figure 4-4. Air Flow Diagram. 4.4 RADIATION DETECTION. The Model 3100 has two ionization chambers – one to measure tritium and the other to subtract out background interference from the tritium measurement. These two chambers are mounted into the bottom of the instrument can, which has marks on the outside to identify the center of each chamber. -
Page 30: Main Board Radiation Signal Processing
4.4.3.1 Amplifier Range Change. The microprocessor on the main board controls the amplification of the electrometer signal. The Model 3100 is auto-ranging so the user doesn’t have to switch a range control as the radiation level changes, but internally, the microprocessor controls three ranges to properly adjust the amplifier gain. -
Page 32: Installation
CHAPTER 5 INSTALLATION 5.1 MOUNTING OPTIONS. Although the Model 3100 is a typical portable, handheld instrument, LMI offers two options for mounting it – a case mount and a rack mount. 5.1.1 Case Mount. As shown in Figure 5-1, attach mounting plates with screws to the case. These plates are supplied with the instrument. -
Page 33: Rack Mount
5.1.2 Rack Mount. This option, as shown in Figures 5-3 and 5-4, is optional. Figure 5-3. Rack Mount Installation. Figure 5-4. Rack Mount Dimensions. Latch the four rotary draw latches located on the rack mount to the catches on the side of the instrument as shown in Figure 5-5. -
Page 35: Rotary Draw Latches Detail View Bf
Figure 5-5. Rotary Draw Latches Detail View BF. Figure 5-6. Rack Mount Safety Strap. -
Page 37: Scheduled Maintenance
CHAPTER 6 SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE 6.1 CLEANING. Cleaning the Model 3100 is important in keeping it in working order and in helping the instrument last. The following is the procedure for cleaning the instrument. 6.1.1 Preparation. Shut the instrument down properly before cleaning. -
Page 38: Install Batteries Properly
6.2.2 Install Batteries Properly. Install 8 NIMH AA batteries into the compartment (see Figure 6-2), taking care to orient all batteries correctly. Note the (+) and (-) marks inside the battery holder. Match the battery polarity to these marks. Figure 6-2. Battery Compartment. Insert all batteries to match these marks. -
Page 39: Replacement/Rejuvenation
If the desiccant is all blue, then it is dry and in working order and can absorb moisture from the air stream, when the airflow toggle switch is set to IN-LINE. If the desiccant is pink, remove the clear lid using the two thumbscrews, empty out the desiccant, and replace it with a fresh blue desiccant. -
Page 40: Replacing Particulate Filter
If the desiccant is all blue, then it is in working order and will protect the sensitive electrometer electronics from moisture. If the desiccant is pink, carefully remove the electrometer lid using the four screws and replace the desiccant packs with new or rejuvenated desiccant packs. Note: It is recommended to remove HV bias batteries and discharge chamber wall voltages (using HV bias battery slug), and to disconnect the electrometer board ribbon cable before removing electrometer lid. -
Page 41: Particulate Filter Replacement
instrument that secures the particulate filter. Pull the particulate filter out and disconnect the hose located at the bottom of the filter. The particulate filter is now removed from the instrument. 6.5.2 Particulate Filter Replacement. Reconnect the input airline, if used, at the bottom of the particulate filter, and insert the particulate filter down into its housing. -
Page 42: Troubleshooting
CHAPTER 7 TROUBLESHOOTING 7.1 FAILURE DURING CHECK MODE. A FAIL or “X” on the display when the Mode switch is in the CHECK position can be caused by a number of different problems. Note that this section contains information for procedures for both user (organizational level) and repair (intermediate level) personnel. -
Page 43: Temperature Failure
7.6 LEAKS. Perform the can assembly and the air circuit leak tests if a leak is suspected. The leak test procedure for the Model 3100 ensures that the air circuit is functioning properly and water ingress will be limited to ensure compliance with MIL-STD-810G Method 506 Procedures I and III. -
Page 44: Identifying Can Assembly Leaks
Close the front panel by securing all four latches lightly. Attach the handheld air pump (electronic pump such as the one in the Model 3100 may be used with caution) to the OUT port located under the air filter. See Figure 7-2. -
Page 45: Parts List
CHAPTER 8 PARTS LIST Table 8-1. Parts Details for Model 3100. The Model 3100 Tritium-In-Air Monitor comes in a case with its accessories. Item Part Number Manufacturer CAGE Reference Description Code Number In-air tritium monitor, Model 3100 48-4282-1 Ludlum 23609... -
Page 46: List Of Manufacturers
Table 8-3. List of Manufacturers. CAGE Code Name and Address Ludlum Measurements, Inc. 23609 501 Oak Street Sweetwater, TX McMaster-Car Supply Company 39428 600 North County Line Elmhurst, IL 60126 Duracell 90303 Duracell Berkshire Corporate Park Bethel, CT 06801 Multisorb Technologies 22627 325 Harlem Rd. -
Page 47: Appendix Acalibration
A.2.7 Closed Loop Calibration ......................A-7 A.2.8 Calculation of Response .....................A-7 A.3 USE OF CS GAMMA CALIBRATION RANGE................A-8 A.3.1 Equipment Required ......................A-9 A.3.2 Disabling the Gamma Compensation Chamber ..............A-9 A.3.3 Placement of Model 3100 on Gamma Range ..............A-9 A.4 FINAL CALIBRATION STEPS ....................A-10... -
Page 48: Calibration Procedures
National Institute of Standards and Technology and must have a current calibration label attached. Calibration for the Model 3100 involves calibrating the pressure, the airflow, tritium calibration, and check source reading of the instrument. -
Page 49: Computer Connection
Assuming the interface software has been previously loaded on your PC, connect the USB-to-serial adapter to the test the computer; next connect the other end of the calibration cable to the Model 3100 9-pin “D” connector. Refer to the software manual for further information. -
Page 50: Airflow Calibration
1.000 µCi/m , but occasionally greater than 0.000 µCi/m A.1.7 Tritium Calibration. The Model 3100 calibration software is used to adjust the calibration constants for each of the three tritium ranges – from 1to 100 µCi/m , from 100 to 1000 µCi/m , and from 1000 to 10,000 µCi/m... -
Page 51: Use Of The Cl-1 Tritium Calibrator
µCi/m . Using this method, the calibration constant is adjusted to correct the displayed tritium concentration value of the Model 3100 at each of the three ranges. See Section A.2 Use of the CL- 1 Tritium Gas Calibrator. Single point calibration is easier, requiring a single tritium gas concentration value. A calibration constant is adjusted at this one concentration point to correct the displayed tritium concentration value of the Model 3100. -
Page 52: Leak Check
Carefully slide the gas cylinder and regulator into the gas cylinder holder on the calibrator base plate. It may be necessary to loosen the cylinder-locking screw. Line up the outlet valve connector with its mating fitting on the calibrator base plate. Remove and discard the three caps on the base plate tubing. Hand-tighten the outlet valve connector. -
Page 53: Closed Loop Calibration
Momentarily open and reclose metering inlet valve. Momentarily open and reclose metering outlet valve, flushing the metering volume. Repeat steps “d” and “e” if required. The calibrator is now ready for use. A.2.7 Closed Loop Calibration. Connect the calibrator outlet hose to the outlet of the instrument and turn on its air pump. If the cylinder pressure gauge shows any pressure reading, there is enough gas contained in the regulator to proceed with the next step. -
Page 54: Use Of 137 Cs Gamma Calibration Range
= 11mL/14.7psi*60 psi*0.945*45 x 10 µCi/m /330mL, = 5786 µCi/m Note: If using a dilution method to obtain lower reading after final aliquot, the Model 3100 shall be placed in MEASURE Mode during valve manipulation. A.3 USE OF A CS GAMMA CALIBRATION RANGE. A Cs gamma range can be used to calibrate the tritium readings of the Model 3100. -
Page 55: Equipment Required
A.3.3 Placement of Model 3100 on the Gamma Range. Place the instrument on the gamma range with the front of the Model 3100 facing the gamma source (see Figure A-2). The dimple on the side of the can closest to the... -
Page 56: Final Calibration Steps
Record the background reading (which may be elevated since gamma compensation is disabled). Expose the Model 3100 to the desired uniform gamma field using the dimple marks on the “can” to center the chamber. Note that the response time of the instrument is approximately one minute. If the instrument does not read the correct value after one minute has elapsed, increase or decrease the calibration constant for the appropriate range as needed until the correct value is reached. - Page 57 Review the parameters and settings and make sure that they are saved inside the instrument. There are two parameters that should be reviewed at this point: Alert: this parameter establishes a fixed alarm point, independent of the user-settable alarm point. If not desired, a set point of 0 disables this feature.
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