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Summary of Contents for YSI 3100
- Page 1 YSI Model 3100 Conductivity Salinity Temperature Instrument Operations Manual...
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
2.3 What You Need ............................... 4 3. System Configuration and Operation....................5 3.1 Turning the Instrument On..........................5 3.2 Connect the Cell............................... 5 3.3 Configure the 3100 ............................6 Cell Constant ..............................6 3.4 Measurement Modes ............................7 3.5 Making Measurements ............................. 9 3.6 Autoranging &... - Page 4 8.1 Cleaning Instructions ............................. 30 8.2 Packing Instructions............................31 8.3 Disassembly/Assembly Procedures........................ 32 9. Accessories and Replacement Parts....................33 9.1 YSI Conductivity Cells ..........................34 9.2 Standard Calibrator Solutions ........................35 10. Required Notice ...........................36 11. Appendix A - Specifications .......................37 12.
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Page 5: Introduction
The instrument’s push button operation makes it simple to use. The Model 3100's microprocessor allows the system to be easily calibrated with the press of a few keys. Additionally, the microprocessor performs a self-diagnostic routine each time the instrument is turned on. -
Page 6: Controls
Controls Front Panel The front panel of the instrument contains the display and keypad as shown below. 3100 CONDUCTIVITY INSTRUMENT 12.85 Display °C 22.4 ENTER Key UP ARROW MODE Key Power DOWN ARROW ON/OFF... -
Page 7: Rear Panel
The following diagram shows the typical display. Conductivity: mS/cm uS/cm 10.00 µS Temperature compensated conductivity: mS/cm 24.8 uS/cm °C Temperature: °C Salinity: NOTE: Flashing °C symbol indicates temperature compensation is enabled. The [Mode] key is used to select the current display mode. Mode choices are conductivity, temperature compensated conductivity or salinity. -
Page 8: Getting Started
YSI 3400 series cell, the YSI 3232 cell adapter will be required. The YSI 3232 adapter mounts on the post on the rear of the 3100. It has a 7-pin mini-DIN connector and two binding posts. The mini-DIN connector plugs into the 3100 cell socket and a YSI 3400 series cell (or equivalent) connects to the binding posts. -
Page 9: System Configuration And Operation
3200 series cells contain an internal temperature sensor for temperature measurement and compensation. If you are using a YSI 3400 series cell, you will need the YSI 3232 cell adapter. YSI 3400 series cells do not contain an internal temperature sensor, therefore, when using a 3400 series cell, temperature measurement, temperature compensation or salinity measurement is not possible. -
Page 10: Configure The 3100
• Temperature compensation corrected to 25°C using a coefficient of 1.91%/°C. If you are using a cell with a cell constant of K=1 (such as the YSI 3252, 3253, 3254, 3401, 3403, 3417, or 3445), the cell constant is already set correctly. If, however, you are using a cell with a different cell constant (such as the YSI 3256, 3255, 3402, 3418, 3440, or 3446), you must enter the manufacturer’s stated cell constant for the cell that you are using (K= 0.1, 10.0 etc.) as... -
Page 11: Measurement Modes
NOTE: Requires YSI 3200 series cell. ! Temperature -- Always displayed. NOTE: When you turn the Model 3100 off, it will “remember” which mode you used last and will return to that mode the next time the instrument is turned on. - Page 12 NOTE: Temperature compensated conductivity and salinity modes cannot be used unless a YSI 3200 series cell is connected. When using a YSI 3400 series cell (or equivalent) with the 3232 cell adapter, these modes will display an error message (“LErr”) since...
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Page 13: Making Measurements
After setting up the 3100 instrument and cell as described earlier, the following basic steps should be used to make measurements. 1. Verify that the 3100 is properly set up to use the current cell by measuring, or calibrating with, a standard conductivity solution. See section 4.1 Cell Calibration. -
Page 14: Advanced Setup
Advanced Setup For highest accuracy, the 3100 and cell may be calibrated as a system using standard conductivity calibration solutions. See the following section, 4.1 Cell Calibration, for details. The default temperature compensation settings of the YSI Model 3100 are appropriate for the vast majority of measurement applications. - Page 15 [ENTER] key. The word “SAVE” will flash across the display for a second indicating that the calibration has been accepted. The YSI Model 3100 is designed to retain its last calibration permanently. Therefore, there is no need to calibrate the instrument after power down.
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Page 16: Temperature Coefficient
Temperature Coefficient Follow these steps to modify the temperature coefficient of the Model 3100. 1. Press and release the [DOWN ARROW] and [MODE] keys at the same time. The CAL symbol will appear at the bottom left of the display and the large portion of the display will 1.91... -
Page 17: Manual Ranging
5. Press the [MODE] key to return to normal operation. Manual Ranging If your application is easier to perform using a manual range that you select, the YSI Model 3100 allows you to turn off the default autoranging feature. While you are making conductivity or temperature compensated conductivity measurements, simply press and release the [ENTER] key. - Page 18 The instrument will default to autoranging when first turned on. The YSI Model 3100 has five possible ranges. The number of ranges available for use depends on the current cell constant.
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Page 19: Maintenance
Properly maintained conductivity cells will perform for years without replatinizing. The 3100 can be used to replatinize the electrodes of the cell. In addition, you will need a 2-oz bottle of platinizing solution (YSI 3140). - Page 20 “PLA” flashing, indicating that platinization is in process. 3. After the platinization process is complete (about 30 minutes), the 3100 will return to normal mode. Remove the cell from the platinizing solution. If you want to stop the platinization before 30 minutes have passed, press both the [UP ARROW] and [MODE] keys at the same time to abort.
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Page 21: Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Error Messages The instrument performs a Power On Self Test each time it is turned on. The following error messages are provided to facilitate troubleshooting. They appear on the LCD when an error is detected. SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE ACTION •... - Page 22 • • Use a YSI 3200 series cell or turn The user has selected Temperature off temperature compensation. Compensated Conductivity or Salinity and the current cell does not contain a temperature sensor.
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Page 23: Principles Of Operation
Principles of Operation 3100 Principles The YSI 3100 obtains a conductance value by varying the amplitude of a square-wave current forced through the cell so that the center-sampled magnitude of the cell voltage for each half- cycle is constant and is equal to a reference voltage. In this condition, the current and conductance are directly proportional. -
Page 24: Cell Constant
normal to the current flow (A): Cell Constant = K = Therefore, conductivity equals conductance multiplied by the cell constant. × ℵ ℵ ℵ ℵ Example: For an observed conductance of 100 micro mhos (100 microsiemens) and a cell constant of 0.1/cm ℵ... -
Page 25: Choosing A Conductivity Cell
The 3255 Flow Cell is designed for in-line conductivity measurements, such as for ultrapure water systems. For temperature measurement, temperature compensation or salinity, use YSI 3200 series cells. 3252 3253 3254 3255... -
Page 26: Cell Constant Calculation
Cell Constant Calculation YSI 3200 and 3400 Series conductivity cells are calibrated to ± 1% of nominal by means of a YSI transfer standard traceable to OIML Recommendation 56 and NIST. Anytime the condition of the conductivity cell changes, it is possible that the cell constant has also changed. -
Page 27: Conductivity Law
Conductivity Law Solution Instrument Cell Conductivity Conductance Constant × × × × S/cm or mho/cm S or mho 1/cm × × × × mS/cm or mmho/cm mS or mmho 1/cm µ µ µ µ S/cm or µ µ µ µ mho/cm µ... -
Page 28: General Conductivity Measurement Precautions
Properly maintained conductivity cells will perform for years without replatinizing. Replatinizing The 3100 can be used to replatinize a cell that utilizes electrodes coated with platinum. See section 5.2 Platinization. You will need a 2-oz bottle of platinizing solution (YSI 3140). Temperature Correction By convention, the conductivity of a solution is the conductivity it exhibits at 25°C. -
Page 29: Small Sample Measurements
change in conductivity for each degree change in temperature (%/° ° ° ° C), which is called the temperature coefficient. In extreme cases, the temperature coefficient may have a value as high as 7%/°C. Each conductive ion has a different temperature coefficient. When practical, control the temperature of the solution to be analyzed. -
Page 30: Conductivity System Accuracy Considerations
Cell-Constant Accuracy YSI cells are warranted to be accurate to within one percent, for more accurate work you should calibrate the cell to determine the exact cell constant. -
Page 31: Temperature
YSI 3200 series cells utilize a 4-wire connection virtually eliminating errors due to contact resistance. When using the YSI 3232 cell adapter to connect a 2-wire cell (such as the YSI 3400 series cells), contact resistance can be a source of error when measuring high conductivity. Lugs should be clean and free of mechanical distortion. -
Page 32: Cable Series Resistance And Shunt Capacitance
However, if longer cables are required or if extraordinary accuracy is necessary, special precautions may be prudent. When using the YSI 3232 cell adapter and a 2-wire cell (such as the YSI 3400 series cells) with solutions having very high conductivity values, a high cable resistance will become a major source of error unless accounted for. -
Page 33: Warranty & Repair
Limitation of Warranty This Warranty does not apply to any YSI product damage or failure caused by (i) failure to install, operate or use the product in accordance with YSI’s written instructions, (ii) abuse or misuse of the product, (iii) failure to maintain the product in accordance with YSI’s written instructions or standard industry procedure, (iv) any improper repairs to the... -
Page 34: Cleaning Instructions
Disposition costs will be the responsibility of the sender. When service is required, either at the user's facility or at YSI, the following steps must be taken to insure the safety of our service personnel. -
Page 35: Packing Instructions
Packing Instructions 1. Clean and decontaminate items to insure the safety of the handler. 2. Complete and include the Cleaning Certificate. 3. Place the product in a plastic bag to keep out dirt and packing material. 4. Use a large carton, preferably the original, and surround the product completely with packing material. -
Page 36: Disassembly/Assembly Procedures
Disassembly/Assembly Procedures NOTE: The following procedure should only be performed by a qualified service technician. Case Disassembly • While applying slight separation force to the front, curved edge of the case near one corner, use a small straight-blade screwdriver to release the snap (A) on the same side. -
Page 37: Accessories And Replacement Parts
051025 Standoff, .25, Snap-In Retain display 003228 Extension, Switch 031041 Operations Manual 031043 Service Manual 003229 Cable Assy, Cell 7-pin mini DIN to pigtail 3232 Cell adapter For YSI 3400 Series cells 3166 Calibrator resistor set Requires 3232 cell adapter... -
Page 38: Ysi Conductivity Cells
10/m Pyrex 146 mm 25 mm 21 mm 76 mm 7740 The nominal volumes of the cells are 15 mL for the YSI 3445 and 30 mL for the YSI 3255 and 3446 and 5 mL for the YSI 3254. -
Page 39: Standard Calibrator Solutions
Standard Calibrator Solutions YSI manufactures NIST-traceable conductivity calibrator solutions for calibration purposes. The following conductivity calibrator solutions are available from YSI. Conductivity at 25.00° ° ° ° C Resistivity at 25.00° ° ° ° C Part Number Size µ µ µ µ mho/cm ± ± ± ± 0.50% Ω... -
Page 40: 10. Required Notice
10. Required Notice This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, may cause interference to radio and television reception. There is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: •... -
Page 41: 11. Appendix A - Specifications
11. Appendix A - Specifications Conductivity Modes Temperature compensated conductivity Salinity Temperature Range Accuracy Resolution Frequency Conductivity 0 - 49.99 µS* ± 0.5% full scale 0.01 µS 70 Hz 0 - 499.9 µS ± 0.5% full scale 0.1 µS 70 Hz 0 - 4999 µS** ±... -
Page 42: Appendix B - Temperature Correction Data For Typical Solutions
12. Appendix B - Temperature Correction Data For Typical Solutions A. Potassium Chloride (KCl) Concentration: 1 mole/liter Concentration: 1 x 10 mole/liter °C °C mS/cm mS/cm %/°C (to 25°C) %/°C (to 25°C) 65.10 1.67 7.13 1.78 73.89 1.70 8.22 1.80 82.97 1.72 9.34... - Page 43 B. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Saturated solutions at all temperatures Concentration: 0.5 mole/liter °C °C mS/cm mS/cm %/°C (to 25°C) %/°C (to 25°C) 134.50 1.86 25.90 1.78 155.55 1.91 29.64 1.82 177.90 1.95 33.61 1.86 201.40 1.99 37.79 1.90 225.92 2.02 42.14 1.93 251.30...
- Page 44 C. Lithium Chloride (LiCl) Concentration: 1 mole/liter Concentration: 1 x 10 mole/liter °C °C mS/cm mS/cm %/°C (to 25°C) %/°C (to 25°C) 39.85 1.82 5.07 1.87 46.01 1.85 5.98 1.85 52.42 1.89 6.87 1.85 59.07 1.92 7.75 1.85 65.97 1.95 8.62 1.85 73.10...
- Page 45 E. Ammonium Chloride Concentration: 1 mole/liter Concentration: 1 x 10 mole/liter °C °C mS/cm %/°C (to 25°C) mS/cm %/°C (to 25°C) 64.10 1.60 6.96 1.82 74.36 1.53 7.98 1.88 83.77 1.45 9.09 1.93 92.35 1.37 10.27 1.97 100.10 1.29 11.50 2.00 107.00 1.21...
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Page 46: 13. Appendix C - Conversion Factors
13. Appendix C - Conversion Factors TO CONVERT FROM EQUATION mhos Siemens Multiply by 1 mhos ohms 1/mho ohms mhos 1/ohm Feet Meters Multiply by 0.3048 Meters Feet Multiply by 3.2808399 Degrees Celsius Degrees Fahrenheit 9/5×( C)+32 Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Celsius 5/9×( F-32) Units of Measure... -
Page 47: 14. Appendix D - Glossary Of Terms
14. Appendix D - Glossary of Terms ampere (A) - SI unit of electric current; one coulomb per second. amplitude - The maximum deviation of an alternating current from its average value during its cycle. ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials calibrate - To determine, check, or rectify the graduation of any instrument giving quantitative measurements. - Page 48 NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology. The US government agency that defines measurement standards in the United States. ohm (Ω) - SI unit of resistance OIML - Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale is a treaty organization for the harmonization of practical applications of measurement standards.
- Page 50 1725 Brannum Lane Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387 USA 031041 937 767-7241 • 800 765-4974 • Fax 937 767-9353 A31041B Info@YSI.com • www.YSI.com September 99 1997 YSI Incorporated...
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