PASCO ES-9080A Instruction Manual
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PASCO ES-9080A Instruction Manual

Basic electrostatics system
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Instruction Manual
Manual No. 012-07227D
Basic Electrostatics
System
Model No. ES-9080A

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  • Page 1 Instruction Manual Manual No. 012-07227D Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080A...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080A Table of Contents Equipment List............3 Introduction ............4-5 Equipment Description ..........5-11 Electrometer ...........................5 Electrostatics Voltage Source ......................6 Variable Capacitor .........................7 Charge Producers and Proof Plane..................... 7-8 Proof Plane..........................8-9 Faraday Ice Pail..........................10 Conductive Spheres........................11...

  • Page 3: Equipment List

    ® CI-6400 or CI-6450 or Any PASCO data acquisition device (ScienceWorkshop 500, 750 SCSI or CI-7599 750 USB interface) Resistor-Capacitor Network ES-9053A A computer CI-6870C ® ® DataStudio or ScienceWorkshop software NA = not available for sale from PASCO ®...

  • Page 4: Introduction

    Moreover, the traditional demonstrations usually gave qualitative rather than quantitative results. PASCO has attempted to remedy this by designing the complete ES-9079 Basic Electrostatics system. This guide will give the instructor enough of a step-by-step explanation to master demonstration techniques.

  • Page 5: Equipment Description

    Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System particularly humid day can cause charges to leak off any of the apparatus, radically changing the charge distribution. To help minimize leakage, keep all equipment free of dust and oil (e.g. from fingerprints). On the other hand, a particularly dry day can cause charge to easily build up in any moving object, including people.

  • Page 6: Electrostatics Voltage Source

    Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 With these features, you’’ll find that your electrostatics demonstrations and labs are easier to perform and, with quantitative data, are more informative. meter display Zero button, ground and remove excess charge mechanical zero adjust screw output for (adjust with signal interface...

  • Page 7: Variable Capacitor

    Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System Variable Capacitor (ES-9079) The PASCO experimental variable capacitor consists of two metal plates, 20 cm in diameter, which can be adjusted to various separations. The movable plate is mounted on a calibrated slide which gives the plate separation directly in centimeters.

  • Page 8: Proof Plane

    Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 Here are some guidelines in the proper use and care of the charge producers that are important to remember: •• If a zero charge is desirable, discharge the charge producers by touching the conductive disk to ground. To be sure the disk is fully discharged, gently breathe on the non-conductive neck.
  • Page 9 Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System By touching the proof plane to a surface, the proof plane charge in proof plane equals charge will acquire the same charge in sampled area distribution as the section of the surface it touched (See Figure 6).

  • Page 10: Faraday Ice Pail

    Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 Faraday Ice Pail (ES-9042A) The PASCO Faraday Ice Pail is shown in Figure 8. Originally shield designed by Michael Faraday, it works on the principle that any charge placed inside a conducting pail surface will induce an equal...

  • Page 11: Conductive Spheres

    Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System Conductive Spheres (ES-9059B) The conductive spheres are used to store electrical charge. The PASCO Model ES-9059B spheres are composed of plastic resin mold plated with a copper base, outer plating of non-sulphur brite nickel, with final plating of chrome. The...

  • Page 12: Electrometer Operation And Setup Requirements

    Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 Five binding posts allow the voltage source and/or the electrometer to be connected to components. Electrometer Operation and Setup Requirements The controls on the front panel of the electrometer are explained in Figure 1. Whether you are using the electrometer to measure voltage, current or charge, the setup procedure should be followed each time you turn on the electrometer.
  • Page 13 Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System deflection (e.g., a setting of 30 means that a full-scale meter deflection indicates a voltage of 30 volts). Important Points for General Operation: 1. Between measurements, always press the Zero button to discharge all current from the electrometer.

  • Page 14: Suggested Demonstrations

    Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 Demonstration 1: Faraday Ice Pail and Charge Production Equipment Required: Electrometer (ES-9078) Faraday Ice Pail (ES-9042A) Charge Producers (ES-9057B) Test Leads Earth ground connection Proof plane (optional) Suggestions for Introducing the Experiment Start by showing that the electrometer is directly measuring potential difference by connecting a battery to it and measuring its voltage.
  • Page 15 Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 compared to charging it by induction, and to demonstrate the conservation of charge. Before beginning any experiment using the ice pail, the pail must be momentarily grounded. When the ice pail is connected to the electrometer, and the electrometer is connected to an earth-ground, simply press the ZERO button whenever you need to discharge both the pail and the electrometer.
  • Page 16 Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 •• Always remove any stray charge on the necks and handles of the charge producers by touching the necks and handles to the grounded shield. You must also be grounded while doing this. It also helps if you breathe on the neck of the charge producer, so that the moisture in your breath removes any residual charge on the neck.
  • Page 17 Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System from touching anything else after charging. (Keep them in your hands, without letting them touch each other or the ice pail.) 2. Use the Faraday Ice Pail to measure the magnitude and polarity of each of the charged wands by inserting them one at a time into the ice pail and noting the reading on the electrometer.

  • Page 18: Demonstration 2: Charge Distribution

    Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 Demonstration 2: Charge Distribution Equipment Required: Electrometer (ES-9078) Faraday Ice Pail (ES-9042A) Electrostatic Voltage Source (ES-9077) Proof Planes Conductive Spheres, 13 cm (ES-9059B) (2) Test leads Earth ground connection (patch cord) Equipment Setup charged sphere pail sampling...
  • Page 19 Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System the ice pail), the charge on the surface is not depleted. That charge which the proof plane removed for one measurement is always returned to the surface when the next sampling is made. NOTE: When the disk of the proof plane touches the surface being sampled, it essentially becomes part of the surface.
  • Page 20 Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 Analysis 1. What produced the charge distributions at each step of the experiment? 2. Why did any charge remain on the second sphere even after it was grounded? Extra Things to Try 1. To show that the charge on a conductor always resides on the outside surface, bend a flexible sheet of metal into a cylinder.

  • Page 21: Demonstration 3: Capacitance And Dielectrics

    C . The capacitors in the PASCO RC Network (ES-9053), for example, are high enough that ®...
  • Page 22 Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 need not be considered. This is not true, however, when using the Basic Variable Capacitor (ES-9079). Capacitance of object connects to the Electrometer Voltmeter Internal capacitance = 25 pF, without cable Figure 3.1: Ideal Schematic of the Electrometer Procedure 3A: Measuring the Electrometer’’...
  • Page 23 Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System – --------------------- - C Procedure 3B: Measuring C, V and Q for a Parallel Plate Capacitor The purpose of the experiments listed in this part is to qualitatively study the relationship between C, V, and Q for the parallel plate capacitor.
  • Page 24 Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 4. Observe how the potential difference reading from the electrometer varies as more charge is put in the capacitor. 5. Double the plate separation and repeat the experience. What happens to the potential now? Compare the values to the previous case.
  • Page 25 Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System to move the connecting cable from the 3000 V to the 2000 V slot. Examine the charge density near the center of one capacitor plate. How does the charge vary with the voltage? Repeat with 1000 VDC.
  • Page 26 Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 NOTE: Depending on the model of parallel plate capacitor you have, there may be only one plate that is movable. If your model allows both plates to be moved, choose one to keep fixed and the other to be the movable one.
  • Page 27 Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System Analysis: The calculations needed to determine the dielectric constant are long, but straight forward: q’ before after C’ q’ Figure 3.6: Circuit diagrams with and without the dielectric Before inserting the dielectric... be the charge on the capacitor plates, and be the capacitance of the plates, without the dielectric.
  • Page 28 Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 After some algebra and rearranging, you find that – ------- ------------------------------------------- - where the ratio is the dielectric coefficient ----------- ------- Table 3.1: Some Dielectric Coefficients Material Vacuum 1.00059 Polystyrene Paper Pyrex Mica Porcelain Procedure 3D: Capacitors in Series and in Parallel The purpose of this demonstration is to examine the effect of placing capacitors in series and in parallel.
  • Page 29 Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System 3D.1: Capacitors in Series Make sure all capacitors are uncharged before connecting them. (Use a short wire to momentarily short each one.) 1. Set up the series circuit, as shown in Figure 3.7a. 2. Plug in to the 30 VDC output on the Voltage Source. Close switch A to charge capacitor C1.

  • Page 30: Demonstration 4: Charging And Discharging Capacitors

    Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 Demonstration 4: Charging and Discharging Capacitors Equipment Required: Electrometer (ES-9078) Faraday Ice Pail (ES-9042A) Power Amplifier (CI-6552A) Test leads Capacitors, 200-400uF Resistors, (10-90k ; 10-1000 ) ® ® Computer with ScienceWorkshop DataStudio or ScienceWorkshop interface software Introduction...
  • Page 31 Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System 2. Set up the circuit shown in Figure 4.1, where the resistor and the capacitor are connected in series to the voltage source, set at 30 VDC. The electrometer output goes to one of the analog channels of ScienceWorkshop.
  • Page 32 Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 1. Calculate 63% of the voltage of the source. Locate the position in the graph where the voltage has reached this value. How long a time has passed to reach 63% of the voltage of the source? This time is RC. (Using the Smart Tool in Data Studio or the Smart Cursor Tool in ScienceWorkshop makes these measurements easy!) 2.
  • Page 33 Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System - ln0.01], where V is the voltage of the source. Choose a signal such that the period of the wave is at least double this charging time. analog channel interface computer electrometer Figure 4.3: Experimental Setup Experimental Setup 1.
  • Page 34 Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 Extra Things to Try: 1. Check what is happening to the voltage across the resistor while the capacitor charges and discharges. ®...

  • Page 35: Technical Support

    PASCO scientific warrants the product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to the customer. PASCO will repair or replace, at its option, any part of the product which is deemed to be defective in material or workmanship.
  • Page 36 Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080 Appendix B: Technical Support For assistance with the Basic Electrostatics Systems equipment or any other PASCO products, contact PASCO as follows: Address: PASCO scientific 10101 Foothills Blvd. Roseville, CA 95747-7100 Phone: (916) 786-3800 FAX:...

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