FLIR A300f User Manual
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FLIR A300f User Manual

A3** f series
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FLIR A3xx f series

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Summary of Contents for FLIR A300f

  • Page 1 User’s manual FLIR A3xx f series...
  • Page 3 User’s manual FLIR A3xx f series #T559794; r. AJ/35709/35709; en-US...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Customer help ..................4 General .................. 4 Submitting a question ..............4 Downloads ................5 Introduction ..................6 FLIR A3xx f series..............6 List of accessories and services ............7 Installation ..................9 Installation overview ..............9 Installation components.............. 9 Location considerations ............. 9 Camera mounting ..............
  • Page 6 13.1.3 Procedure ..............63 13.2 Infrared lens ................63 13.2.1 Liquids............... 63 13.2.2 Equipment ..............63 13.2.3 Procedure ..............63 About FLIR Systems ................ 64 14.1 More than just an infrared camera ..........65 14.2 Sharing our knowledge ............65 14.3 Supporting our customers............

  • Page 7: Legal Disclaimer

    FLIR Systems will, at its option, repair or replace any such defective product ZL201230620731.8. free of charge if, upon inspection, it proves to be defective in material or work- manship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one- year period. 1.8 EULA Terms FLIR Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set •...

  • Page 8: Safety Information

    Safety information WARNING Make sure that you read all applicable MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) and warning labels on con- tainers before you use a liquid. The liquids can be dangerous. Injury to persons can occur. CAUTION Do not point the infrared camera (with or without the lens cover) at strong energy sources, for example, devices that cause laser radiation, or the sun.

  • Page 9: Notice To User

    3.7 Important note about this manual FLIR Systems issues generic manuals that cover several cameras within a model line. This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply to your particular camera model.

  • Page 10: Customer Help

    • The communication protocol, or method, between the camera and your device (for ex- ample, HDMI, Ethernet, USB, or FireWire) • Device type (PC/Mac/iPhone/iPad/Android device, etc.) • Version of any programs from FLIR Systems • Full name, publication number, and revision number of the manual #T559794; r. AJ/35709/35709; en-US...

  • Page 11: Downloads

    Customer help 4.3 Downloads On the customer help site you can also download the following, when applicable for the product: • Firmware updates for your infrared camera. • Program updates for your PC/Mac software. • Freeware and evaluation versions of PC/Mac software. •...

  • Page 12: Introduction

    5.1 FLIR A3xx f series Figure 5.1 FLIR A3xx f series camera The main function of the FLIR A3xx f series camera is, through adding the housing, to in- crease the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A3xx f series camera to IP 66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself.

  • Page 13: List Of Accessories And Services

    FLIR Tools Mobile (iPad/iPhone Application) APP-10003 FLIR Tools+ (license only) T198583 324-0004-00 HARD CASE - WITH FOAM, F - SERIES High temp. option +1200°C/+2192°F for FLIR T/ T197000 B2xx to T/B4xx and A3xx, A3xxf, A3xxpt, A3xxsc series ITC Advanced General Thermography Course - ITC-ADV-3021 attendance, 1 pers.
  • Page 14 Video cable, 3.0 m/9.8 ft. WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES 500-0462-00 Note FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models, parts or accessories, and other items, or to change specifications at any time without prior notice. #T559794; r. AJ/35709/35709; en-US...

  • Page 15: Installation

    The mount must support up to 30 lbs. (15 kg). The FLIR A3xx f series camera is both an analog camera and an IP camera. The video from the camera can be viewed over a traditional analog video network or it can be viewed by streaming it over an IP network using MPEG-4 encoding.

  • Page 16: Prior To Cutting/Drilling Holes

    7.5 Prior to cutting/drilling holes When selecting a mounting location for the FLIR A3xx f series camera, consider cable lengths and cable routing. Ensure that the cables are long enough, given the proposed mounting locations and cable routing requirements, and route the cables before you in- stall the components.

  • Page 17: Back Cover

    4. Mounting screw (×4). 5. Shipping plug. The FLIR A3xx f series camera comes with two ¾″ NPT cable glands, each with a three- hole gland seal insert. Cables can be between 0.23″ and 0.29″ OD. Typically, up to five cables may be needed.

  • Page 18: Connecting Power

    Installation Figure 7.5 Rear view of a FLIR A3xx f series camera, after the back cover has been removed. 1. Camera power. 2. Camera heater. 3. Video. 4. I/O ports. 5. Ethernet. 7.8 Connecting power The camera operates on 12/24 VDC, 9 W max. (allowed range: 10–30 VDC) and heaters on 24 VDC, 25 W max.

  • Page 19: Verifying Camera Operation

    7. Follow the on-screen instructions. 8.2 IP Communications It is assumed that a FLIR A3xx f system will be set up on an existing network and be as- signed an IP address from the DHCP server. #T559794; r. AJ/35709/35709; en-US...

  • Page 20: Technical Data

    9.2 Note about technical data FLIR Systems reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice. Please check http://support.flir.com for latest changes.

  • Page 21: Flir A300F 25

    Rev.: 35207 General description The main purpose of the housing on the FLIR A300f is to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A300 to IP66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself. The built-in FLIR A300 camera provides an affordable and accurate temperature measurement solution for anyone who needs to solve problems that do not call for the highest speed or reaction and who uses a PC.
  • Page 22 Ethernet, type 100 Mbps Ethernet, standard IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, connector type RJ-45 Ethernet, communication TCP/IP socket-based FLIR proprietary Ethernet, video streaming MPEG-4, ISO/IEC 14496-1 MPEG-4 ASP@L5 Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 3 Hz - Radiometric Ethernet, power Power over Ethernet, PoE IEEE 802.3af class 0...
  • Page 23 • 4119507; POLE ADAPTER - F-SERIES • 500-0462-00; WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES • T198584; FLIR Tools • T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) • DSW-10000; FLIR IR Camera Player • APP-10002; FLIR Tools Mobile (Android Application) • T199233; FLIR Atlas SDK for .NET •...

  • Page 24: Flir A300F 45

    Rev.: 35207 General description The main purpose of the housing on the FLIR A300f is to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A300 to IP66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself. The built-in FLIR A300 camera provides an affordable and accurate temperature measurement solution for anyone who needs to solve problems that do not call for the highest speed or reaction and who uses a PC.
  • Page 25 Ethernet, type 100 Mbps Ethernet, standard IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, connector type RJ-45 Ethernet, communication TCP/IP socket-based FLIR proprietary Ethernet, video streaming MPEG-4, ISO/IEC 14496-1 MPEG-4 ASP@L5 Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 3 Hz - Radiometric Ethernet, power Power over Ethernet, PoE IEEE 802.3af class 0...
  • Page 26 • 4119507; POLE ADAPTER - F-SERIES • 500-0462-00; WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES • T198584; FLIR Tools • T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) • DSW-10000; FLIR IR Camera Player • APP-10002; FLIR Tools Mobile (Android Application) • T199233; FLIR Atlas SDK for .NET •...

  • Page 27: Flir A310F 15

    Rev.: 35207 General description The main purpose of the housing on the FLIR A310f is to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A310 to IP66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself. The built-in FLIR A310 camera offers an affordable and accurate temperature measurement solution for anyone who needs to solve problems that need built in “smartness”...
  • Page 28 0 to +350°C (+32 to +662°F) Accuracy ±4°C (±7.2°F) or ±4% of reading Measurement analysis Spotmeter Area 10 boxes with max./min./average/position (7 if FLIR Sensors Manage is used) Isotherm 1 with above/below/interval Measurement option Measurement Mask Filter Schedule response: File sending (ftp), email (SMTP)
  • Page 29 Technical data Ethernet Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 7-8 Hz - Radiometric Ethernet, power Power over Ethernet, PoE IEEE 802.3af class 0 Ethernet, protocols Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP, TCP, UDP, SNTP, RTSP, RTP, HTTP, ICMP, IGMP, ftp, SMTP, SMB (CIFS), DHCP, MDNS (Bonjour), uPnP Digital input/output Digital input, purpose...
  • Page 30 • 4119507; POLE ADAPTER - F-SERIES • 500-0462-00; WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES • T198584; FLIR Tools • T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) • DSW-10000; FLIR IR Camera Player • APP-10002; FLIR Tools Mobile (Android Application) • T198567; ThermoVision™ System Developers Kit Ver. 2.6 •...

  • Page 31: Flir A310F 25

    Rev.: 35207 General description The main purpose of the housing on the FLIR A310f is to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A310 to IP66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself. The built-in FLIR A310 camera offers an affordable and accurate temperature measurement solution for anyone who needs to solve problems that need built in “smartness”...
  • Page 32 0 to +350°C (+32 to +662°F) Accuracy ±4°C (±7.2°F) or ±4% of reading Measurement analysis Spotmeter Area 10 boxes with max./min./average/position (7 if FLIR Sensors Manage is used) Isotherm 1 with above/below/interval Measurement option Measurement Mask Filter Schedule response: File sending (ftp), email (SMTP)
  • Page 33 Technical data Ethernet Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 7-8 Hz - Radiometric Ethernet, power Power over Ethernet, PoE IEEE 802.3af class 0 Ethernet, protocols Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP, TCP, UDP, SNTP, RTSP, RTP, HTTP, ICMP, IGMP, ftp, SMTP, SMB (CIFS), DHCP, MDNS (Bonjour), uPnP Digital input/output Digital input, purpose...
  • Page 34 • 4119507; POLE ADAPTER - F-SERIES • 500-0462-00; WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES • T198584; FLIR Tools • T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) • DSW-10000; FLIR IR Camera Player • APP-10002; FLIR Tools Mobile (Android Application) • T198567; ThermoVision™ System Developers Kit Ver. 2.6 •...

  • Page 35: Flir A310F 45

    Rev.: 35207 General description The main purpose of the housing on the FLIR A310f is to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A310 to IP66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself. The built-in FLIR A310 camera offers an affordable and accurate temperature measurement solution for anyone who needs to solve problems that need built in “smartness”...
  • Page 36 0 to +350°C (+32 to +662°F) Accuracy ±4°C (±7.2°F) or ±4% of reading Measurement analysis Spotmeter Area 10 boxes with max./min./average/position (7 if FLIR Sensors Manage is used) Isotherm 1 with above/below/interval Measurement option Measurement Mask Filter Schedule response: File sending (ftp), email (SMTP)
  • Page 37 Technical data Ethernet Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 7-8 Hz - Radiometric Ethernet, power Power over Ethernet, PoE IEEE 802.3af class 0 Ethernet, protocols Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP, TCP, UDP, SNTP, RTSP, RTP, HTTP, ICMP, IGMP, ftp, SMTP, SMB (CIFS), DHCP, MDNS (Bonjour), uPnP Digital input/output Digital input, purpose...
  • Page 38 • 4119507; POLE ADAPTER - F-SERIES • 500-0462-00; WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES • T198584; FLIR Tools • T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) • DSW-10000; FLIR IR Camera Player • APP-10002; FLIR Tools Mobile (Android Application) • T198567; ThermoVision™ System Developers Kit Ver. 2.6 •...

  • Page 39: Flir A310F 6

    Rev.: 35207 General description The main purpose of the housing on the FLIR A310f is to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A310 to IP66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself. The built-in FLIR A310 camera offers an affordable and accurate temperature measurement solution for anyone who needs to solve problems that need built in “smartness”...
  • Page 40 0 to +350°C (+32 to +662°F) Accuracy ±4°C (±7.2°F) or ±4% of reading Measurement analysis Spotmeter Area 10 boxes with max./min./average/position (7 if FLIR Sensors Manage is used) Isotherm 1 with above/below/interval Measurement option Measurement Mask Filter Schedule response: File sending (ftp), email (SMTP)
  • Page 41 Technical data Ethernet Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 7-8 Hz - Radiometric Ethernet, power Power over Ethernet, PoE IEEE 802.3af class 0 Ethernet, protocols Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP, TCP, UDP, SNTP, RTSP, RTP, HTTP, ICMP, IGMP, ftp, SMTP, SMB (CIFS), DHCP, MDNS (Bonjour), uPnP Digital input/output Digital input, purpose...
  • Page 42 • 4119507; POLE ADAPTER - F-SERIES • 500-0462-00; WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES • T198584; FLIR Tools • T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) • DSW-10000; FLIR IR Camera Player • APP-10002; FLIR Tools Mobile (Android Application) • T198567; ThermoVision™ System Developers Kit Ver. 2.6 •...

  • Page 43: Flir A310F 90

    Rev.: 35207 General description The main purpose of the housing on the FLIR A310f is to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A310 to IP66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself. The built-in FLIR A310 camera offers an affordable and accurate temperature measurement solution for anyone who needs to solve problems that need built in “smartness”...
  • Page 44 0 to +350°C (+32 to +662°F) Accuracy ±4°C (±7.2°F) or ±4% of reading Measurement analysis Spotmeter Area 10 boxes with max./min./average/position (7 if FLIR Sensors Manage is used) Isotherm 1 with above/below/interval Measurement option Measurement Mask Filter Schedule response: File sending (ftp), email (SMTP)
  • Page 45 Technical data Ethernet Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 7-8 Hz - Radiometric Ethernet, power Power over Ethernet, PoE IEEE 802.3af class 0 Ethernet, protocols Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP, TCP, UDP, SNTP, RTSP, RTP, HTTP, ICMP, IGMP, ftp, SMTP, SMB (CIFS), DHCP, MDNS (Bonjour), uPnP Digital input/output Digital input, purpose...
  • Page 46 • 4119507; POLE ADAPTER - F-SERIES • 500-0462-00; WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES • T198584; FLIR Tools • T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) • DSW-10000; FLIR IR Camera Player • APP-10002; FLIR Tools Mobile (Android Application) • T198567; ThermoVision™ System Developers Kit Ver. 2.6 •...

  • Page 47: Flir A315F 25

    Rev.: 35207 General description The main purpose of the housing on the FLIR A315f is to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A315 to IP66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself. The built-in FLIR A315 camera has features and functions that make it the natural choice for anyone who uses PC software to solve problems and for whom 320 ×...
  • Page 48 Ethernet, type Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet, standard IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, connector type RJ-45 Ethernet, communication TCP/IP socket-based FLIR proprietary and GenI- Cam protocol Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 60 Hz - Signal linear - Temperature linear - Radiometric...
  • Page 49 • 4119507; POLE ADAPTER - F-SERIES • 500-0462-00; WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES • T198584; FLIR Tools • T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) • DSW-10000; FLIR IR Camera Player • APP-10002; FLIR Tools Mobile (Android Application) • T199233; FLIR Atlas SDK for .NET •...

  • Page 50: Flir A315F 45

    Rev.: 35207 General description The main purpose of the housing on the FLIR A315f is to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A315 to IP66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself. The built-in FLIR A315 camera has features and functions that make it the natural choice for anyone who uses PC software to solve problems and for whom 320 ×...
  • Page 51 Ethernet, type Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet, standard IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, connector type RJ-45 Ethernet, communication TCP/IP socket-based FLIR proprietary and GenI- Cam protocol Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 60 Hz - Signal linear - Temperature linear - Radiometric...
  • Page 52 • 4119507; POLE ADAPTER - F-SERIES • 500-0462-00; WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES • T198584; FLIR Tools • T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) • DSW-10000; FLIR IR Camera Player • APP-10002; FLIR Tools Mobile (Android Application) • T199233; FLIR Atlas SDK for .NET •...

  • Page 53: Flir A315F 90

    Rev.: 35207 General description The main purpose of the housing on the FLIR A315f is to increase the environmental specification of the standard FLIR A315 to IP66 without affecting any of the features available in the camera itself. The built-in FLIR A315 camera has features and functions that make it the natural choice for anyone who uses PC software to solve problems and for whom 320 ×...
  • Page 54 Ethernet, type Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet, standard IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, connector type RJ-45 Ethernet, communication TCP/IP socket-based FLIR proprietary and GenI- Cam protocol Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 60 Hz - Signal linear - Temperature linear - Radiometric...
  • Page 55 • 4119507; POLE ADAPTER - F-SERIES • 500-0462-00; WALL MOUNT ASSY - F-SERIES • T198584; FLIR Tools • T198583; FLIR Tools+ (download card incl. license key) • DSW-10000; FLIR IR Camera Player • APP-10002; FLIR Tools Mobile (Android Application) • T199233; FLIR Atlas SDK for .NET •...

  • Page 56: Mechanical Drawings

    Mechanical drawings #T559794; r. AJ/35709/35709; en-US...

  • Page 66: Ce Declaration Of Conformity

    CE Declaration of conformity #T559794; r. AJ/35709/35709; en-US...

  • Page 68: Pin Configurations And Schematics

    Pin configurations and schematics 12.1 Pin configuration for camera I/O connector IN 1 IN 2 OUT 1 OUT 2 I/O + I/O – 12.2 Schematic overview of the camera unit digital I/O ports Figure 12.1 Schematic overview of the camera unit digital I/O ports. #T559794;...

  • Page 69: Cleaning The Camera

    Cleaning the camera 13.1 Camera housing, cables, and other items 13.1.1 Liquids Use one of these liquids: • Warm water • A weak detergent solution 13.1.2 Equipment A soft cloth 13.1.3 Procedure Follow this procedure: 1. Soak the cloth in the liquid. 2.

  • Page 70: About Flir Systems

    —together with a worldwide network of agents and distributors—support our internation- al customer base. FLIR Systems is at the forefront of innovation in the infrared camera industry. We antici- pate market demand by constantly improving our existing cameras and developing new...

  • Page 71: More Than Just An Infrared Camera

    14.1 More than just an infrared camera At FLIR Systems we recognize that our job is to go beyond just producing the best infra- red camera systems. We are committed to enabling all users of our infrared camera sys- tems to work more productively by providing them with the most powerful camera–...
  • Page 72 About FLIR Systems no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language. #T559794; r. AJ/35709/35709; en-US...

  • Page 73: Glossary

    Glossary absorption The amount of radiation absorbed by an object relative to the re- (absorption ceived radiation. A number between 0 and 1. factor) atmosphere The gases between the object being measured and the camera, nor- mally air. autoadjust A function making a camera perform an internal image correction. autopalette The IR image is shown with an uneven spread of colors, displaying cold objects as well as hot ones at the same time.
  • Page 74 Glossary image correc- A way of compensating for sensitivity differences in various parts of tion (internal or live images and also of stabilizing the camera. external) infrared Non-visible radiation, having a wavelength from about 2–13 μm. infrared isotherm A function highlighting those parts of an image that fall above, below or between one or more temperature intervals.
  • Page 75 Glossary span The interval of the temperature scale, usually expressed as a signal value. spectral (radi- Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time, area and ant) emittance wavelength (W/m /μm) temperature A value which is the result of a subtraction between two temperature difference, or values.

  • Page 76: Thermographic Measurement Techniques

    Thermographic measurement techniques 16.1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature. However, the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the tempera- ture of the object but is also a function of the emissivity.
  • Page 77 Thermographic measurement techniques 16.2.1.1.1 Method 1: Direct method Follow this procedure: 1. Look for possible reflection sources, considering that the incident angle = reflection angle (a = b). Figure 16.1 1 = Reflection source 2. If the reflection source is a spot source, modify the source by obstructing it using a piece if cardboard.
  • Page 78 Thermographic measurement techniques 3. Measure the radiation intensity (= apparent temperature) from the reflecting source using the following settings: • Emissivity: 1.0 • D You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following two methods: Figure 16.3 1 = Reflection source Figure 16.4 1 = Reflection source Using a thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature is not recommended for two important reasons:...

  • Page 79: Reflected Apparent Temperature

    Thermographic measurement techniques 5. Measure the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil and write it down. Figure 16.5 Measuring the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil. 16.2.1.2 Step 2: Determining the emissivity Follow this procedure: 1. Select a place to put the sample. 2.

  • Page 80: Distance

    50%. 16.6 Other parameters In addition, some cameras and analysis programs from FLIR Systems allow you to com- pensate for the following parameters: • Atmospheric temperature – i.e. the temperature of the atmosphere between the cam- era and the target •...

  • Page 81: History Of Infrared Technology

    History of infrared technology Before the year 1800, the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spec- trum wasn't even suspected. The original significance of the infrared spectrum, or simply ‘the infrared’ as it is often called, as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious to- day than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800.
  • Page 82 History of infrared technology When Herschel revealed his discovery, he referred to this new portion of the electromag- netic spectrum as the ‘thermometrical spectrum’. The radiation itself he sometimes re- ferred to as ‘dark heat’, or simply ‘the invisible rays’. Ironically, and contrary to popular opinion, it wasn't Herschel who originated the term ‘infrared’.
  • Page 83 History of infrared technology Figure 17.4 Samuel P. Langley (1834–1906) The improvement of infrared-detector sensitivity progressed slowly. Another major break- through, made by Langley in 1880, was the invention of the bolometer. This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer re- sponded.

  • Page 84: Theory Of Thermography

    Theory of thermography 18.1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera. In this section the theory behind thermography will be given. 18.2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength regions, called bands, distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation.

  • Page 85: Planck's Law

    Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in tempera- ture reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermographic instruments, such as a FLIR Systems camera for example. If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525°C (977°F), the source begins to be visible so that it appears to the eye no longer black.

  • Page 86: Wien's Displacement Law

    Theory of thermography where: Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength λ. λb Velocity of light = 3 × 10 Planck’s constant = 6.6 × 10 Joule sec. Boltzmann’s constant = 1.4 × 10 Joule/K. Absolute temperature (K) of a blackbody. λ...

  • Page 87: Stefan-Boltzmann's Law

    Theory of thermography Figure 18.5 Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928) The sun (approx. 6 000 K) emits yellow light, peaking at about 0.5 μm in the middle of the visible light spectrum. At room temperature (300 K) the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9.7 μm, in the far infra- red, while at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 K) the maximum of the almost insignif- icant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 μm, in the extreme infrared wavelengths.

  • Page 88: Non-Blackbody Emitters

    Theory of thermography Figure 18.7 Josef Stefan (1835–1893), and Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) Using the Stefan-Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body, at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx. 2 m , we obtain 1 kW.
  • Page 89 Theory of thermography • A selective radiator, for which ε varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff’s law, for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral absorp- tance of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength. That is: From this we obtain, for an opaque material (since α...

  • Page 90: Infrared Semi-Transparent Materials

    Theory of thermography 18.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials Consider now a non-metallic, semi-transparent body – let us say, in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material. When the plate is heated, radiation generated within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is partially ab- sorbed.

  • Page 91: The Measurement Formula

    The measurement formula As already mentioned, when viewing an object, the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself. It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the ob- ject surface. Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path.
  • Page 92 U according to the same equation, and get (Equation 3): Solve Equation 3 for U (Equation 4): This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment. The voltages of the formula are: Table 19.1 Voltages Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature i.e.
  • Page 93 5 volts, the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4.1 volts, provided the calibration algo- rithm is based on radiation physics, like the FLIR Systems algorithm. Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations.
  • Page 94 The measurement formula Figure 19.3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (LW cam- era). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; Obj: Object radiation; Refl: Reflected radiation; Atm: atmos- phere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; T = 20°C (+68°F); T = 20°C (+68°F).

  • Page 95: Emissivity Tables

    Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems. 20.1 References 1. Mikaél A. Bramson: Infrared Radiation, A Handbook for Applications, Plenum press, N.Y. 2. William L. Wolfe, George J. Zissis: The Infrared Handbook, Office of Naval Research, Department of Navy, Washington, D.C.
  • Page 96 Emissivity tables Table 20.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Aluminum anodized, light 0.97 gray, dull Aluminum as received, plate 0.09 Aluminum as received, 0.09...
  • Page 97 Emissivity tables Table 20.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Brass polished 0.03 Brass polished, highly 0.03 0.20 Brass rubbed with 80- grit emery Brass sheet, rolled...
  • Page 98 Emissivity tables Table 20.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Chipboard untreated 0.90 polished 0.10 Chromium Chromium polished 500–1000 0.28–0.38 Clay fired 0.91 Cloth...
  • Page 99 Emissivity tables Table 20.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Gold polished, carefully 200–600 0.02–0.03 polished, highly 0.02 Gold Granite polished 0.849 Granite rough...
  • Page 100 Emissivity tables Table 20.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Iron and steel shiny, etched 0.16 Iron and steel wrought, carefully 40–250 0.28 polished...
  • Page 101 Emissivity tables Table 20.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Lead unoxidized, 0.05 polished Lead red 0.93 Lead red, powder 0.93 Leather tanned 0.75–0.80...
  • Page 102 Emissivity tables Table 20.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Nickel wire 200–1000 0.1–0.2 Nickel oxide 1000–1250 0.75–0.86 Nickel oxide 500–650 0.52–0.59 0.27 Oil, lubricating...
  • Page 103 Emissivity tables Table 20.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Paper yellow 0.72 Plaster 0.86 Plaster plasterboard, 0.90 untreated Plaster rough coat 0.91 Plastic glass fibre lami-...
  • Page 104 Emissivity tables Table 20.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Soil 0.92 0.95 Soil saturated with water alloy, 8% Ni, 18% 0.35 Stainless steel rolled...
  • Page 105 Emissivity tables Table 20.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued) Water ice, smooth 0.97 Water ice, smooth –10 0.96 Water layer >0.1 mm 0–100 0.95–0.98 thick...
  • Page 106 A note on the technical production of this publication This publication was produced using XML — the eXtensible Markup Language. For more information about XML, please visit http://www.w3.org/XML/ A note on the typeface used in this publication This publication was typeset using Linotype Helvetica™ World. Helvetica™ was designed by Max Miedinger (1910–1980) LOEF (List Of Effective Files) T501005.xml;...
  • Page 108 Disclaimer Specifications subject to change without further notice. Models and accessories subject to regional market considerations. License procedures may apply. Products described herein may be subject to US Export Regulations. Please refer to exportquestions@flir.com with any questions. Publ. No.: T559794...

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