Scr Operation - Lincoln Electric SVM188-A Service Manual

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SCR OPERATION

A silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is a three-terminal
device used to control rather large currents to a load.
An SCR acts very
When a gate signal is applied to the SCR, it is turned
ON and there is current flow from anode to cathode. In
the ON state the SCR acts like a closed switch. When
the SCR is turned OFF, there is no current flow from
anode to cathode. Thus the device acts like an open
switch. As the name suggests, the SCR is a rectifier,
so it passes current only during positive half cycles of
the AC supply. The positive half cycle is the portion of
the sine wave in which the anode of the SCR is more
positive than the cathode.
When an AC supply voltage is applied to the SCR, the
device spends a certain portion of the AC cycle time in
the ON state and the remainder of the time in the OFF
state. The amount of time spent in the ON state is con-
trolled by the Gate.
THEORY OF OPERATION
FIGURE E.2 - SCR OPERATION
much like a switch.
DC-600
An SCR is fired by a short burst of current into the gate.
This gate pulse must be more positive than the cath-
ode voltage. Since there is a standard PN junction
between gate and cathode, the voltage between these
terminals must be slightly greater than 0.6V . Once the
SCR has fired, it is not necessary to continue the flow
of gate current. As long as current continues to flow
from anode to cathode, the SCR will remain on. When
the anode to cathode current drops below a minimum
value, called holding current, the SCR will shut off. This
normally occurs as the AC supply voltage passes
through zero into the negative portion of the sine wave.
If the SCR is turned on early in the positive half cycle,
the conduction time is longer, resulting in greater SCR
output. If the gate firing occurs later in the cycle, the
conduction time is less, resulting in lower SCR output.
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