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User's Manual of SGS-5240 Series Managed Switch
5. SWITCH OPERATION
5.1 Address Table
The SGS-5240 series is implemented with an address table. This address table is composed of many entries. Each entry is
used to store the address information of some nodes in the network, including MAC address, port no, etc. This information
comes from the learning process of SGS-5240 Series switch.
5.2 Learning
When one packet comes in from any port, the SGS-5240 series will record the source address, port no., and the other related
information in address table. This information will be used to decide either forwarding or filtering for future packets.
5.3 Forwarding & Filtering
When one packet comes from some port of the SGS-5240 Series Switch, it will also check the destination address besides the
source address learning. The SGS-5240 series will look up the address-table for the destination address. If not found, this
packet will be forwarded to all the other ports except the port, which this packet comes in. And these ports will transmit this
packet to the network it connected. If found, and the destination address is located at a different port from this packet comes in,
the SGS-5240 series will forward this packet to the port where this destination address is located according to the information
from address table. But, if the destination address is located at the same port with this packet comes in, then this packet will be
filtered, thereby increasing the network throughput and availability.
5.4 Store-and-Forward
Store-and-Forward is one type of packet-forwarding techniques. A Store-and-Forward SGS-5240 series stores the incoming
frame in an internal buffer and do the complete error checking before transmission. Therefore, no error packets occur; it is the
best choice when a network needs efficiency and stability.
The SGS-5240 series scans the destination address from the packet-header, searches the routing table provided for the
incoming port and forwards the packet, only if required. The fast forwarding makes the switch attractive for connecting servers
directly to the network, thereby increasing throughput and availability. However, the switch is most commonly used to segment
existence hubs, which nearly always improves the overall performance. An Ethernet switching can be easily configured in any
Ethernet network environment to significantly boost bandwidth using the conventional cabling and adapters.
Due to the learning function of the SGS-5240 Series switch, the source address and corresponding port number of each
incoming and outgoing packet are stored in a routing table. This information is subsequently used to filter packets whose
destination address is in the same segment as the source address. This confines network traffic to its respective domain and
reduce the overall load on the network.
The SGS-5240 series performs "Store and Forward"; therefore, no error packets occur. More reliably, it reduces the
re-transmission rate. No packet loss will occur.
5.5 Auto-Negotiation
The STP ports on the Switch have built-in "Auto-negotiation". This technology automatically sets the best possible bandwidth
when a connection is established with another network device (usually at Power On or Reset). This is done by detecting the
modes and speeds both connected devices are capable of. Both 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX devices can connect with the
port in either half- or full-duplex mode. 1000BASE-T can be only connected in full-duplex mode.
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