General Information Thanks for purchasing a camera of the Baumer family. This User´s Guide describes how to connect, set up and use the camera. Read this manual carefully and observe the notes and safety instructions! Target group for this User´s Guide This User's Guide is aimed at experienced users, which want to integrate camera(s) into a vision system. Copyright Any duplication or reprinting of this documentation, in whole or in part, and the reproduc- tion of the illustrations even in modified form is permitted only with the written approval of Baumer. This document is subject to change without notice. Classification of the safety instructions In the User´s Guide, the safety instructions are classified as follows: Notice Gives helpful notes on operation or other general recommendations. Caution Indicates a possibly dangerous situation. If the situation is not avoided, slight or minor injury could result or the device may be damaged. Pictogram...
General safety instructions Observe the following safety instruction when using the camera to avoid any damage or injuries. Caution Provide adequate dissipation of heat, to ensure that the temperature does not exceed +60°C (+140°F). The surface of the camera may be hot during operation and immediately after use. Be careful when handling the camera and avoid contact over a longer period. Intended Use The camera is used to capture images that can be transferred over two GigE interfaces to a PC. General Description Nr.
Camera Models SXG – Cameras with C-Mount Figure 1 ► Front view of a Baumer SXG C-Mount camera. Full Sensor Camera Type Resolution Frames Size [max. fps] Monochrome SXG10 1/2" 1024 x 1024 SXG20 2/3" 1600 x 1200 SXG21 2/3" 1920 x 1080 SXG40 1" 2336 x 1752 SXG80 4/3"...
SXG-F – Cameras with F-Mount ◄ Figure 3 Front view of a Baumer SXG-F camera. Full Sensor Camera Type Resolution Frames Size [max. fps] Monochrome SXG21-F 2/3" 1920 x 1080 SXG40-F 1" 2336 x 1752 SXG80-F 4/3" 3296 x 2472 Color SXG21c-F 2/3" 1920 x 1080 SXG40c-F 1"...
Quantum efficiency for SXG (monochrome) SXG (color) Wave Length [nm] Wave Length [nm] Baumer SXG cameras. 6.1.2 Progressive Scan All cameras of the SXG series are equipped with Progressive Scan. Microlens Figure 6 ► Pixel Structure of an imaging Active Area (Photodiode) sensor with global shut- Storage Area ter (interline).
6.1.3 Readout Modes The Kodak sensors, used in Baumer SXG cameras, are subdivided into four Taps. ◄ Figure 7 Taps of the sensor. Due to Baumer's integrated calibration technique, these taps are invisible within the re- corded images, but affect the operation and the rate of the readout process and therewith the readout time (t readout 6.1.3.1 Quad Mode On quad readout mode all four taps are read out simultaneously as displayed in the sub- sequent figure. ◄ Figure 8 Quad Tap Readout Mode.
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6.1.3.3 Single Mode In single readout mode all taps are combined as displayed in the subsequent figure. Figure 10 ► Single Tap Readout Mode. The data of all pixels of the sensor are moved to the output register and afterwards trans- fered to the memory. Once the information have left the output register, the readout is done. Due to the fact, that the complete sensor needs to be read out, the readout time t readout increased compared to quad and dual readout mode.
(t ) is given by the particular sensor and image format. readout Baumer cameras can be operated with two modes, the Free Running Mode and the Trigger Mode. The cameras can be operated non-overlapped or overlapped. Depending on the mode used, and the combination of exposure and readout time:...
6.2.2 Trigger Mode After a specified external event (trigger) has occurred, image acquisition is started. De- pending on the interval of triggers used, the camera operates non-overlapped or over- lapped in this mode. With regard to timings in the trigger mode, the following basic formulas need to be taken into consideration: Case Formula earliestpossibletrigger(n+1) readout(n)
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6.2.2.2 Overlapped Operation: t > t exposure(n+2) exposure(n+1) If the exposure time (t ) is increased form the current acquisition to the next acquisi- exposure tion, the time the camera is unable to process occuring trigger signals (t ) is scaled notready down. This can be simulated with the formulas mentioned above (no. 2 or 4, as is the case). Trigger triggerdelay exposure(n) exposure(n+1) exposure(n+2) Exposure Timings: A - exposure time frame (n) effective B - image parameters readout(n)
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6.2.2.3 Overlapped Operation: t < t exposure(n+2) exposure(n+1) If the exposure time (t ) is decreased from the current acquisition to the next acquisi- exposure tion, the time the camera is unable to process occuring trigger signals (t ) is scaled notready When decreasing the t such, that t exceeds the pause between two incoming exposure notready trigger signals, the camera is unable to process this trigger and the acquisition of the im-...
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6.2.2.4 Non-overlapped Operation If the frequency of the trigger signal is selected for long enough, so that the image acquisi- tions (t ) run successively, the camera operates non-overlapped. exposure readout Trigger triggerdelay exposure(n) exposure(n+1) Exposure Timings: A - exposure time frame (n) effective B - image parameters frame (n) effective readout(n) readout(n+1) Readout C - exposure time frame (n+1) effective D - image parameters frame (n+1) effective E - earliest possible trigger notready...
6.3 Field of View Position The typical accuracy by assumption of the root mean square value is displayed in the figures and the table below: ±X ±X Photosensitive surface of the sensor Figure 11 ► Sensor accuracy of Baumer SXG cameras. ±Z Camera ± x ± y ± x ± y ± β ± z ± z...
(black) not used (green) Line 0 (yellow) Power Supply (grey) Power V 20 VDC ... 30 VDC (pink) Line 3 (blue) Line 4 (red) Line 2 6.4.3 LED Signaling ◄ Figure 12 LED positions on Baumer SXG camera. Signal Meaning green / green flash Link active / Receiving yellow Transmitting green / yellow Power on / Readout active...
SXG80c +19°C (+66.2°F) Humidity Storage and Operating Humidity 10% ... 90% non condensing Figure 13 ► Temperature mea- surement point (T) of Baumer SXG cameras. 6.5.2 Heat Transmission Caution Provide adequate dissipation of heat, to ensure that the temperature does not exceed +60°C (+140°F). The surface of the camera may be hot during operation and immediately after use. Be careful when handling the camera and avoid contact over a longer period. As there are numerous possibilities for installation, Baumer does not specifiy a specific method for proper heat dissipation, but suggest the following principles: ▪...
7. Software 7.1 Baumer-GAPI Baumer-GAPI stands for Baumer “Generic Application Programming Interface”. With this API Baumer provides an interface for optimal integration and control of Baumer Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) , Baumer CameraLink and Baumer FireWire™ (IEEE1394) cameras. ® This software interface allows changing to other camera models or interfaces. It also al- lows the simultaneous operation of Baumer cameras with Gigabit Ethernet, CameraLink ® and FireWire™ interfaces. This GAPI supports Windows (XP, Vista and Win 7) and Linux (from Kernel 2.6.x) oper- ® ® ating systems in 32 bit, as well as in 64 bit. It provides interfaces to several programming languages, such as C, C++ and the .NET™ Framework on Windows , as well as Mono ®...
Camera Functionalities 8.1 Image Acquisition 8.1.1 Image Format A digital camera usually delivers image data in at least one format - the native resolution of the sensor. Baumer cameras are able to provide several image formats (depending on the type of camera). Compared with standard cameras, the image format on Baumer cameras not only in- cludes resolution, but a set of predefined parameter. These parameters are: ▪ Resolution (horizontal and vertical dimensions in pixels) ▪ Binning Mode (see chapter 8.1.8) Camera Type Monochrome SXG10 ■ □ □...
8.1.2 Pixel Format On Baumer digital cameras the pixel format depends on the selected image format. 8.1.2.1 Pixel Formats on Baumer SXG Cameras Camera Type Monochrome SXG10 ■ ■ ■ □ □ □ SXG20 ■ ■ ■ □ □ □ SXG21 ■ ■ ■ □ □ □ SXG40 ■ ■ ■ □...
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RGB: Color model, in which all detectable colors are defined by three coordinates, Red, Green and Blue. White Black ◄ Figure 15 Green RBG color space dis- Blue played as color tube. The three coordinates are displayed within the buffer in the order R, G, B. BGR: Here the color alignment mirrors RGB. YUV: Color model, which is used in the PAL TV standard and in image compression. In YUV, a high bandwidth luminance signal (Y: luma information) is transmitted ...
Pixel Figure 19 ► Incidence of light causes charge separation on the semiconductors of the sensor. The signal strength is influenced by the incoming amount of photons. It can be increased by increasing the exposure time (t exposure On Baumer SXG cameras, the exposure time can be set within the following ranges (step size 1μsec): Camera Type exposure exposure Monochrome SXG10 10 μsec 1 sec SXG20 10 μsec...
8.1.5 Gamma Correction With this feature, Baumer SXG cameras offer the possibility of compensating nonlinearity in the perception of light by the human eye. For this correction, the corrected pixel intensity (Y') is calculated from the original intensity of the sensor's pixel (Y ) and correction factor γ using the following formula (in over- original simplified version): ▲ Figure 20 Non-linear perception of γ Y' = Y the human eye. original H - Perception of bright- ness 8.1.6 Region of Interest (ROI) E - Energy of light...
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Pixel Information of Interrest Read out Lines Discarded Pixel Information Figure 23 ► ROI: Read out Lines. The most significant reduction of the readout time – compared to a full frame readout in dual mode – can be achieved if the ROI is positioned as follows: ▪ within one of the sensor halves ▪ symmetrically spread to both sensor halves For example, the readout time of the ROI's in the figures 21 and 22 is the same. Figure 24 ► ROI: Example ROI's with identical readout times. On asymmetrically spread ROI's, the readout time is affected by the bigger part of the ROI. An example for this fact is shown in the figure below: Figure 25 ► ROI: Read out time linked with position of the ROI.
On digital cameras, you can find several operations for progressing sensitivity. One of them is the so-called "Binning". Here, the charge carriers of neighboring pixels are aggre- gated. Thus, the progression is greatly increased by the amount of binned pixels. By using this operation, the progression in sensitivity is coupled to a reduction in resolution. Baumer cameras support three types of Binning - vertical, horizontal and bidirectional. In unidirectional binning, vertically or horizontally neighboring pixels are aggregated and reported to the software as one single "superpixel". In bidirectional binning, a square of neighboring pixels is aggregated.
Aggregation of charge carriers from four pixels Charge quantity Super pixel in bidirectional binning. 8.2 Color Adjustment – White Balance This feature is available on all color cameras of the Baumer SXG series and takes place within the Bayer processor. White balance means independent adjustment of the three color channels, red, green and blue by employing of a correction factor for each channel. 8.2.1 User-specific Color Adjustment The user-specific color adjustment in Baumer color cameras facilitates adjustment of the ...
Auto Tap Balance The feature "Auto Tap Balance" corrects the possible differences in brightness of the four Taps. This is achieved by calculating the average of the brightness of the pixels at the border of the taps (on the figure below green). Analog Controls 8.4.1 Brightness (Offset / Black Level) On Baumer cameras, the Offset / Black Level is adjustable from 0 to 1023 LSB (least significant bit). Camera Type Step Size 1 LSB Relating to Monochrome SXG10...
Figure 34 ► „Cold Pixel“ Charge quantity of "hot" and "cold" pixels compared with "normal" pixels. 8.5.2 Correction Algorithm On monochrome cameras of the Baumer SXG series, the problem of defect pixels is solved as follows: ▪ Possible defect pixels are identified during the production process of the camera. ▪ The coordinates of these pixels are stored in the factory settings of the camera (see 8.5.3 Defectpixellist). ▪...
Sequencer 8.6.1 General Information A sequencer is used for the automated control of series of images using different sets of parameters. ◄ Figure 36 Flow chart of sequencer. m - number of sequence repeti- tions n - number of set repetitions o - number of sets of parameters z - number of frames per trigger...
The figure above shows an example for a half-automated sequencer with three sets of parameters (A,B and C) from the previous example. The frame counter (z) is set to 2. This means the camera records two pictures after an incoming trigger signal. 8.6.3 Capability Characteristics of Baumer-GAPI Sequencer Module ▪ up to 128 sets of parameters ▪ up to 4 billion loop passes ▪ up to 4 billion repetitions of sets of parameters ▪...
(t ) of the sensor. Thus the readout pixels of the sensor are recepitve again shortly after the first exposure. In order to realize the second short exposure time without an overrun of the sensor, a second short flash must be employed, and any subsequent extraneous light prevented. Trigger Flash Exposure Prevent Light ◄ Figure 40 Example of a double Readout shutter. On Baumer SXG cameras this feature is realized within the sequencer. In order to generate this sequence, the sequencer must be configured as follows: Parameter Setting: Sequencer Run Mode Once by Trigger Sets of parameters (o) Loops (m) Repeats (n) Frames Per Trigger (z)
On the software side the input signals are named "Line0", "Line1" and "Line2". state selection (software side) state high (Input) Line0 Line0 state low state high (Input) Line1 Line1 state low state high (Input) Line2 Line2 Figure 41► state low IO matrix of the Baumer SXG on input IO Matrix side.
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8.7.1.3 Configurable Outputs With this feature, Baumer offers the possibility of wiring the output connectors to internal signals, which are controlled on the software side. Hereby on cameras of the SXG series, 17 signal sources – subdivided into three catego- ries – can be applied to the output connectors. The first category of output signals represents a loop through of signals on the input side, such as: Signal Name Explanation Line0 Signal of input "Line0" is loopthroughed to this ouput Line1 Signal of input "Line1"...
Different trigger sources can be used here: 4 5V Line0 Actioncommand Figure 43 ▲ Line1 Trigger signal, valid for Line2 Baumer cameras. SW-Trigger Possible settings of the Trigger Delay Delay 0-2 sec Number of tracked Triggers Step 1 µsec There are three types of trigger modes. The timing diagrams for the three types you can see below. Normal Trigger with adjusted Exposure...
8.8.1 Trigger Source ◄ Figure 44 Examples of possible trigger sources. Each trigger source has to be activated separately. When the trigger mode is activated, the hardware trigger is activated by default.
DebounceHigh user defined debouncer delay for state low Principle of the Baumer DebounceLow debouncer. 8.8.3 Flash Signal On Baumer cameras, this feature is realized by the internal signal "ExposureActive", which can be wired to one of the digital outputs.
8.8.4 Timer Timers were introduced for advanced control of internal camera signals. On Baumer SXG cameras the timer configuration includes four components: Setting Description Timeselector There are three timers. Own settings for each timer can be made . (Timer1, Timer2, Timer3) TimerTriggerSource This feature provides a source selection for each timer. TimerTriggerActivation This feature selects that part of the trigger signal (edges or states) that activates the timer.
If you specify a value, then the counter counts up to that value and stops. Then a GigE event is triggered ("Counter1/2End") and the status of the counter changes from ACTIVE to the readable status COMPLETED. Reset the counter When the reset event is reached or the counter is reset by software with "reset counter", then the count value is stored under "CounterValueAtReset" and set the counter value back to 0. User Sets Three user sets (1-3) are available for the Baumer cameras of the SXG series. The user sets can contain the following information: Parameters Binning Mode Mirroring Control Defectpixellist Partial Scan Digital I/O Settings...
Interface Functionalities Link Aggregation Group Configuration Link Aggregation (LAG) allows grouping the two links of the SXG camera to form a “vir- tual” link, enabling the camera to treat the LAG as if it was a single link. This is done in a transparent way from the application perspective. It is important to note that LAG does not define the distribution algorithm to be used at the transmission end of a link aggregation group. Since LAG shows a single MAC/IP, then switches cannot figure out how to distribute the image traffic: the traffic might end-up on one outgoing port of the switch. Characteristic Static LAG Number of network interfaces...
Device Information This Gigabit Ethernet-specific information on the device is part of the Discovery-Acknowl- edge of the camera. Included information: ▪ MAC address ▪ Current IP configuration (persistent IP / DHCP / LLA) ▪ Current IP parameters ( IP address, subnet mask, gateway) ▪ Manufacturer's name ▪ Manufacturer-specific information ▪ Device version ▪ Serial number ▪ User-defined name (user programmable string) Single GigE Figure 46 ► Transmission of data packets with...
Baumer Image Info Header The Baumer Image Info Header is a data packet, which is generated by the camera and integrated in the first data packet of every image, if chunk mode is activated. ◄ Figure 48 Baumer Image Info Header In this integrated data packet are different settings for this image. BGAPI can read the Image Info Header. Third Party Software, which supports the chunk mode, can read the features in the table below. Feature Description ChunkOffsetX Horizontal offset from the origin to the area of interest (in pixels). ChunkOffsetY Vertical offset from the origin to the area of interest (in pix- els).
"Packet Delay" (PD) To achieve optimal results in image transfer, several Ethernet-specific factors need to be considered when using Baumer SXG cameras. Upon starting the image transfer of a camera, the data packets are transferred at maxi- mum transfer speed (1 Gbit/sec). In accordance with the network standard, Baumer em- ploys a minimal separation of 12 Bytes between two packets. This separation is called "Packet Delay" (PD). In addition to the minimal PD, the GigE Vision standard stipulates ® that the PD be scalable (user-defined). Figure 49 ► Principle of Packet De- 9.5.1 Example 1: Multi Camera Operation – Minimal IPG Setting the IPG to minimum means every image is transfered at maximum speed. Even ...
9.5.2 Example 2: Multi Camera Operation – Optimal IPG A better method is to increase the IPG to a size of optimal IPG = packet size + 2 × minimal IPG In this way both data packets can be transferred successively (zipper principle), and the switch does not need to buffer the packets. Max.
Frame Delay Another approach for packet sorting in multi-camera operation is the so-called Frame De- lay, which was introduced to Baumer Gigabit Ethernet cameras in hardware release 2.1. Due to the fact, that the currently recorded image is stored within the camera and its transmission starts with a predefined delay, complete images can be transmitted to the PC at once. The following figure should serve as an example: Figure 53 ► Principle of the Frame delay.
9.6.2 Configuration Example For the three used cameras the following data are known: Camera Sensor Pixel Format Data Readout Exposure Transfer Time Model Resolution (Pixel Depth) Volume Time Time (DualGigE) [Pixel] [bit] [bit] [msec] [msec] [msec] SXG10 1024 x 1024 8388608 ≈ 3,91 SXG20 1600 x 1200 15360000...
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In general, the transmission delay is calculated as: ∑ − Transmissi onDelay Camera osure Camera readout Camera osure Camera transferGi Camera ≥ Therewith for the example, the transmission delays of camera 2 and 3 are calculated as follows: TransmissionDelay(Camera 2) exposure(Camera 1) readout(Camera 1) exposure(Camera 2) TransmissionDelay(Camera 3) exposure(Camera 1) readout(Camera 1) exposure(Camera 3) transferGige(Camera 2) Solving this equations leads to: = 6 msec + 8 msec - 6 msec TransmissionDelay(Camera 2) = 8 msec...
Multicasting offers the possibility to send data packets to more than one destination ad- dress – without multiplying bandwidth between camera and Multicast device (e.g. Router or Switch). The data is sent out to an intelligent network node, an IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) capable Switch or Router and distributed to the receiver group with the specific address range. In the example on the figure below, multicast is used to process image and message data separately on two differents PC's. Multicast Addresses: For multicasting Baumer suggests an adress range from 232.0.1.0 to 232.255.255.255. ◄ Figure 56 Multicast Data Flow...
128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255 255.255.0.0 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255 255.255.255.0 Figure 57 ▲ These combinations are not checked by Baumer-GAPI, Baumer-GAPI Viewer or cam- Connection pathway for Baumer Gigabit Ether- era on the fly. This check is performed when restarting the camera, in case of an invalid net cameras: IP - subnet combination the camera will start in LLA mode. The device connects * This feature is disabled by default. step by step via the three descr bed mecha- nisms.
▪ DHCP Request Once the client has received this DHCPOFFER, the transaction needs to be con- firmed. For this purpose the client sends a so called DHCPREQUEST broadcast to the network. This message contains the IP address of the offering DHCP server and informs all other possible DHCPservers that the client has obtained all the necessary information, and there is therefore no need to issue IP information to the client. ◄ Figue 60 DHCP Request (broadcast) ▪ DHCP Acknowledgement Once the DHCP server obtains the DHCPREQUEST, a unicast containing all neces- sary information is sent to the client. This message is called DHCPACK.
9.9 Packet Resend Due to the fact, that the GigE Vision standard stipulates using a UDP - a stateless user ® datagram protocol - for data transfer, a mechanism for saving the "lost" data needs to be employed. Here, a resend request is initiated if one or more packets are damaged during transfer and - due to an incorrect checksum - rejected afterwards.
9.9.3 Fault 2: Lost Packet at the End of the Data Stream In case of a fault at the end of the data stream, the application will wait for incoming packets for a predefined time. When this time has elapsed, the resend request is triggered and the "lost" packets will be resent. ◄ Figure 64 Resending of lost packets at the end of the data stream.
9.10 Message Channel The asynchronous message channel is described in the GigE Vision standard and of- ® fers the possibility of event signaling. There is a timestamp (64 bits) for each announced event, which contains the accurate time the event occurred. Each event can be activated and deactivated separately. Eventmap SXG: Edge Event-ID XML-Event-Description GigE Vision Standard Events 0x0007 PrimaryApplicationSwitch SXG Hardware-Events rising 0x9000...
9.11 Action Commands The basic idea behind this feature was to achieve a simultaneous trigger for multiple cameras. Action Command: Action Command Description Since hardware release 2.1 Action Command Trigger used to send a trigger to all connected the implemetation of the cameras.
9.11.2 Action Command Timestamp The figure below show a PC with 1-n connected cameras, which are receives the Action Command "Timestamp" from the PC. Thus, the time signal of all 1-n cameras can simul- taneously set to 0. Figure 66 ► Timestamping of mul- tiple cameras over Eth- ernet.
After resuming the interface, the buffered image data will be transferred to the PC. 10.4 Acquisition Modes In general, three acquisition modes are available for the cameras in the Baumer SXG series. 10.4.1 Free Running Free running means the camera records images continuously without external events.
Lens install Notice Avoid contamination of the sensor and the lens by dust and airborne particles when mounting a lens to the device! Therefore the following points are very important: ▪ Attach lenses in an environment that is as dust free as possible! ▪ Keep the dust covers on camera and lens as long as possible! ▪ Hold the camera downwards with unprotected sensor (or filter- /cover glass)! ▪ Avoid contact with any optical surface of the camera or lens! 1. Turn the camera with the lens mount to the bottom. 2. Unscrew the protective cap. 3.
Cleaning Cover glass Notice The sensor is mounted dust-proof. Remove of the cover glass for cleaning is not neces- sary. Avoid cleaning the cover glass of the CCD sensor if possible. To prevent dust, follow the instructions under "Install lens". If you must clean it, use compressed air or a soft, lint free cloth dampened with a small ...
Warranty Information Notice There are no adjustable parts inside the camera! In order to avoid the loss of warranty do not open the housing! Notice If it is obvious that the device is / was dismantled, reworked or repaired by other than Baumer technicians, Baumer Optronic will not take any responsibility for the subse- quent performance and quality of the device! Support If you have any problems with the camera, then feel free to contact our support. Worldwide Baumer Optronic GmbH Badstrasse 30 DE-01454 Radeberg, Germany Tel: +49 (0)3528 4386 845 mail: support.cameras@baumer.com Website: www.baumer.com...
▪ FCC Part 15 Class B ▪ RoHS 17.1 We declare, under our sole responsibility, that the previously described Baumer SXG cameras conform with the directives of the CE. 17.2 FCC – Class B Device This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reason- able protection against harmful interference in a residential environment.
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