3. Intended Use ......................7 4. General Description ....................7 5. Camera Models ......................8 5.1 HXG – Cameras with C-Mount ................8 5.2 HXG-F – Cameras with F-Mount ................9 6. Environmental Requirements ................10 6.1 Temperature and Humidity Range for Storage and Operation ......10 6.2 Heat Transmission ....................
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11.4.3 Defectpixellist ....................33 11.5 Sequencer ......................34 11.5.1 General Information ..................34 11.5.2 Examples ...................... 35 11.5.3 Capability Characteristics of Baumer-GAPI Sequencer Module ....35 11.5.4 Double Shutter ....................36 11.6 Process Interface ....................37 11.6.1 Digital IOs ..................... 37 11.7 Trigger Input / Trigger Delay ................
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12.8 IP Configuration ....................53 12.8.1 Persistent IP ....................53 12.8.2 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ..........53 12.8.3 LLA ....................... 54 12.8.4 Force IP ......................54 12.9 Packet Resend ....................55 12.9.1 Normal Case....................55 12.9.2 Fault 1: Lost Packet within Data Stream ............55 12.9.3 Fault 2: Lost Packet at the End of the Data Stream ........
General Information Thanks for purchasing a camera of the Baumer family. This User´s Guide describes how to connect, set up and use the camera. Read this manual carefully and observe the notes and safety instructions! Target group for this User´s Guide This User's Guide is aimed at experienced users, which want to integrate camera(s) into a vision system. Copyright Any duplication or reprinting of this documentation, in whole or in part, and the reproduc- tion of the illustrations even in modified form is permitted only with the written approval of ...
General safety instructions Observe the the following safety instruction when using the camera to avoid any damage or injuries. Caution Provide adequate dissipation of heat, to ensure that the temperature does not exceed +50°C (+122°F). The surface of the camera may be hot during operation and immediately after use. Be careful when handling the camera and avoid contact over a longer period. Notice Use the camera only for its intended purpose! For any use that is not described in the technical documentation poses dangers and will void the warranty. The risk has to be borne solely by the unit´s owner. Intended Use The camera is used to capture images that can be transferred over two GigE interfaces to a PC. General Description No. Description No.
Camera Models HXG – Cameras with C-Mount Figure 1 ► View of a Baumer HXG C-Mount cameray Sensor Full Frames Burst mode Camera Type Resolution Size [max. fps] (buffered) Monochrome HXG20 2/3" 2048 x 1088 HXG20NIR 2/3" 2048 x 1088 HXG40 1" 2048 x 2048 HXG40NIR 1"...
HXG-F – Cameras with F-Mount ◄ Figure 3 View of a Baumer HXG F-Mount camera Sensor Full Frames Burst mode Camera Type Resolution Size [max. fps] (buffered) Monochrome HXG20-F 2/3" 2048 x 1088 HXG20NIR-F 2/3" 2048 x 1088 HXG40-F 1" 2048 x 2048 HXG40NIR-F 1" 2048 x 2048...
+46°C(+114.8°F) Humidity Storage and Operating Humidity 10% ... 90% Non-condensing Figure 5 ► Temperature measure- ment points of Baumer HXG cameras. 6.2 Heat Transmission Caution Provide adequate dissipation of heat, to ensure that the temperature does not exceed +50°C (+122°F). The surface of the camera may be hot during operation and immediately after use. Be careful when handling the camera and avoid contact over a longer period.
Mechanical Tests Environmen- Standard Parameter tal Testing Vibration, sinu- IEC 60068-2-6 Search for Reso- 10-2000 Hz sodial nance Amplitude under- 1.5 mm neath crossover frequencies Acceleration Test duration 15 min Vibration, IEC 60068- Frequency range 20-1000 Hz broad band 2-64 Acceleration 10 g Displacement 5.7 mm Test duration...
(brown) Line 1 (black) not used (green) Line 0 (yellow) Power Supply (grey) Power V 20 VDC ... 30 VDC (pink) Line 3 (blue) Line 4 (red) Line 2 7.3 LED Signaling Figure 6 ► LED positions on Baumer HXG cameras. Signal Meaning green / green flash Link active / Receiving yellow Transmitting green / yellow Power on / Readout active...
Lens install Notice Avoid contamination of the sensor and the lens by dust and airborne particles when mounting a lens to the device! Therefore the following points are very important: ▪ Install lenses in an environment that is as dust free as possible! ▪ Keep the dust covers on camera and lens as long as possible! ▪ Hold the camera downwards with unprotected sensor (or filter- /cover glass)! ▪ Avoid contact with any optical surface of the camera or lens! At the example on the figures below the installation of C-mount objective is shown. At a camera with F-Mount it is principle the same. 1. Turn the camera with the lens mount to the bottom.
HXG 20/40 (color) Wave Length [nm] Wave Length [nm] Figure 7 ► Quantum efficiency for Baumer HXG cameras. 9.2.3 Shutter All cameras of the HXG series are equipped with a global shutter. Microlens Figure 8 ► Pixel Structure of an imag- Active Area (Photodiode) ing sensor with global...
Thus also can be taken quick sequences for a short time. If the memory is full, no other images can be stored. Recorded images at full memory are lost! The CMOSIS sensors, employed in Baumer HXG cameras can be read out up to 16 chan- nels in parallel. Notice More channels increase the speed (framerate), but the use of more channels produces a higher heat generation. Use only the maximum required number of channels!
The typical accuracy by assumption of the root mean square value is displayed in the figures and the table below: ±X ±X Photosensitive surface of the sensor Figure 10 ► Sensor accuracy of ±Z Baumer HXG cameras. Camera ± x ± y ± x ± y ± β ± z M,typ M,typ...
Thereby the exposure time (t ) can be adjusted by the user, however, the time need- exposure ed for the readout (t ) is given by the particular sensor and image format. readout Baumer cameras can be operated with two modes, the Free Running Mode and the Trigger Mode. The cameras can be operated non-overlapped or overlapped. Depending on the mode used, and the combination of exposure and readout time: Non-overlapped Operation Overlapped Operation Here the time intervals are long enough ...
9.3.2 Trigger Mode After a specified external event (trigger) has occurred, image acquisition is started. De- pending on the interval of triggers used, the camera operates non-overlapped or over- lapped in this mode. With regard to timings in the trigger mode, the following basic formulas need to be taken into consideration: Case Formula earliestpossibletrigger(n+1) readout(n) exposure(n+1) < t exposure readout notready(n+1) exposure(n) readout(n) exposure(n+1) earliestpossibletrigger(n+1) exposure(n) >...
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9.3.2.2 Overlapped Operation: t > t exposure(n+2) exposure(n+1) If the exposure time (t ) is increased from the current acquisition to the next acquisi- exposure tion, the time the camera is unable to process occuring trigger signals (t ) is scaled notready down.
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9.3.2.3 Overlapped Operation: t < t exposure(n+2) exposure(n+1) If the exposure time (t ) is decreased from the current acquisition to the next acquisi- exposure tion, the time the camera is unable to process occuring trigger signals (t ) is scaled notready When decreasing the t such, that t...
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9.3.2.4 Non-overlapped Operation If the frequency of the trigger signal is selected for long enough, so that the image acquisi- tions (t ) run successively, the camera operates non-overlapped. exposure readout Trigger triggerdelay exposure(n) exposure(n+1) Exposure Timings: A - exposure time frame (n) effective B - image parameters frame (n) effective readout(n) readout(n+1)
Software 10.1 Baumer GAPI Baumer GAPI stands for Baumer “Generic Application Programming Interface”. With this API Baumer provides an interface for optimal integration and control of Baumer cameras. This software interface allows changing to other camera models. It provides interfaces to several programming languages, such as C, C++ and the .NET™ Framework on Windows , as well as Mono on Linux operating systems, which offers the ® ® use of other languages, such as e.g. C# or VB.NET.
Camera Functionalities 11.1 Image Acquisition 11.1.1 Image Format A digital camera usually delivers image data in at least one format - the native resolution of the sensor. Baumer cameras are able to provide several image formats (depending on the type of camera). Compared with standard cameras, the image format on Baumer cameras not only in- cludes resolution, but a set of predefined parameter. These parameters are: ▪ Resolution (horizontal and vertical dimensions in pixels) ▪ Binning Mode (see chapter 11.1.10). Camera Type HXG20 ■...
11.1.2 Pixel Format On Baumer digital cameras the pixel format depends on the selected image format. 11.1.2.1 Pixel Formats on Baumer HXG Cameras Camera Type Mono HXG20 ■ ■ ■ □ □ □ HXG20NIR ■ ■ ■ □ □ □ HXG40 ■ ■ ■ □ □ □ HXG40NIR ■ ■ ■ □...
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RGB: Color model, in which all detectable colors are defined by three coordinates, Red, Green and Blue. White Black ◄ Figure 12 Green RBG color space dis- Blue played as color tube. The three coordinates are displayed within the buffer in the order R, G, B. BGR: Here the color alignment mirrors RGB. YUV: Color model, which is used in the PAL TV standard and in image compression. In YUV, a high bandwidth luminance signal (Y: luma information) is transmitted together with two color difference signals with low bandwidth (U and V: chroma information). Thereby U represents the difference between blue and luminance (U = B - Y), V is the difference between red and luminance (V = R - Y). The third ...
Incidence of light causes charge separation on the semiconductors of The signal strength is influenced by the incoming amount of photons. It can be increased the sensor. by increasing the exposure time (t exposure On Baumer HXG cameras, the exposure time can be set within the following ranges (step size 1μsec): Camera Type exposure exposure HXG20 / HXG20c / HXG20NIR 4 μsec (20 µsec)
HDR Off HDR On Pot 2 Pot 1 Illumination Pot 0 Expo0 Expo1 Expo2 exposure 11.1.6 Look-Up-Table The Look-Up-Table (LUT) is employed on Baumer monochrome cameras. It contains 2 (4096) values for the available levels of gray. These values can be adjusted by the user. Notice The LUT always calculates with 12 bit input and 12 bit output. In 8/10 bit mode, the lower bits of the input values are equal zero but can be spread to full 12 bit because of digital gain. Therefore, all values of the LUT have to be filled in. ...
11.1.7 Gamma Correction With this feature, Baumer HXG cameras offer the possibility of compensating nonlinearity in the perception of light by the human eye. For this correction, the corrected pixel intensity (Y') is calculated from the original intensity of the sensor's pixel (Y ) and correction factor γ using the following formula (in over- original simplified version): ▲ Figure 17 Non-linear perception of γ...
11.1.8.1 Normal-ROI Readout (Region 0) For the sensor readout time of the ROI, the horizontal subdivision of the sensor is unim- portant – only the vertical subdivision is of importance. The activation of ROI turns off all Multi-ROIs. Start ROI End ROI ◄ Figure 19 ROI: Readout The readout is line based, which means always a complete line of pixels needs to be read out and afterwards the irrelevant information is discarded. End ROI Start ROI ◄ Figure 20 ROI: Discarded Information 11.1.9 Multi-ROI With ...
On digital cameras, you can find several operations for progressing sensitivity. One of them is the so-called "Binning". Here, the charge carriers of neighboring pixels are aggre- gated. Thus, the progression is greatly increased by the amount of binned pixels. By using this operation, the progression in sensitivity is coupled to a reduction in resolution. Baumer cameras support three types of Binning - vertical, horizontal and bidirectional. In unidirectional binning, vertically or horizontally neighboring pixels are aggregated and reported to the software as one single "superpixel". In bidirectional binning, a square of neighboring pixels is aggregated.
2x1 binning takes place within the FPGA of the camera. The binning cor- rection is realized by averaging the pixel values instead of simply adding them. 11.2 Color Adjustment – White Balance This feature is available on all color cameras of the Baumer HXG series and takes place within the Bayer processor. White balance means independent adjustment of the three color channels, red, green and blue by employing of a correction factor for each channel.
11.3 Analog Controls 11.3.1 Offset / Black Level On Baumer cameras, the offset (or black level) is adjustable from 0 to 255 LSB (always related to 12 bit). Camera Type Step Size 1 LSB Relating to Monochrome HXG20 12 bit HXG20NIR 12 bit HXG40 12 bit HXG40NIR 12 bit Color HXG20c 12 bit HXG40c 12 bit 11.3.2...
Charge quantity of "hot" and "cold" pixels compared with "normal" pixels. 11.4.2 Correction Algorithm On monochrome cameras of the Baumer HXG series, the problem of defect pixels is solved as follows: ▪ Possible defect pixels are identified during the production process of the camera. ▪ The coordinates of these pixels are stored in the factory settings of the camera (see 11.4.3 Defectpixellist).
11.5 Sequencer 11.5.1 General Information A sequencer is used for the automated control of series of images using different sets of parameters. ◄ Figure 30 Flow chart of sequencer. m - number of loop passes n - number of set repetitions o - number of sets of parameters z - number of frames per trigger...
(z) is set to 2. This means the camera records two pictures after an incoming trigger signal. 11.5.3 Capability Characteristics of Baumer-GAPI Sequencer Module ▪ up to 128 sets of parameters ▪ up to 4 billion loop passes ▪...
) of the sensor. Thus the readout pixels of the sensor are recepitve again shortly after the first exposure. In order to realize the second short exposure time without an overrun of the sensor, a second short flash must be employed, and any subsequent extraneous light prevented. Trigger Flash Exposure Prevent Light Figure 34 ► Example of a double Readout shutter. On Baumer TXG cameras this feature is realized within the sequencer. In order to generate this sequence, the sequencer must be configured as follows: Parameter Setting: Sequencer Run Mode Once by Trigger Sets of parameters (o) Loops (m) Repeats (n) Frames Per Trigger (z)
On the software side the input signals are named "Line0", "Line1" and "Line2". state selection (software side) state high Line0 (Input) Line0 state low state high (Input) Line1 Line1 state low state high (Input) Line2 Line2 ◄ Figure 35 state low IO matrix of the Baumer HXG on input IO Matrix side.
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11.6.1.3 Configurable Outputs With this feature, Baumer offers the possibility of wiring the output connectors to internal signals, which are controlled on the software side. Hereby on cameras of the HXG series, 17 signal sources – subdivided into three catego- ries – can be applied to the output connectors. The first category of output signals represents a loop through of signals on the input side, such as: Signal Name Explanation Line0 Signal of input "Line0" is loopthroughed to this ouput Line1 Signal of input "Line1"...
Different trigger sources can be used here: 4 5V Line0 Actioncommand Figure 37 ▲ Line1 Trigger signal, valid for Line2 Baumer cameras. SW-Trigger Possible settings of the Trigger Delay: : Delay 0-2 sec Number of tracked Triggers high Step 1 µsec 4 5V There are three types of modes.
11.7.1 Trigger Source Figure 38 ► Examples of possible trigger sources. Each trigger source has to be activated separately. When the trigger mode is activated, the hardware trigger is activated by default.
◄ Figure 39 DebounceHigh user defined debouncer delay for state low Principle of the Baumer DebounceLow debouncer. 11.7.3 Flash Signal On Baumer cameras, this feature is realized by the internal signal "ExposureActive", which can be wired to one of the digital outputs.
11.7.4 Timer Timers were introduced for advanced control of internal camera signals. On Baumer HXG cameras the timer configuration includes four components: Setting Description Timeselector There are three timers. Own settings for each timer can be made . (Timer1, Timer2, Timer3) TimerTriggerSource This feature provides a source selection for each timer. TimerTriggerActivation This feature selects that part of the trigger signal (edges or states) that activates the timer. TimerDelay This feature represents the interval between incoming trig- ger signal and the start of the timer.
2 If you specify a value, then the counter counts up to that value and stops. Then a GigE event is triggered ("Counter1/2End") and the status of the counter changes from ACTIVE to the readable status COMPLETED. Reset the counter When the reset event is reached or the counter is reset by software with "reset counter", then the count value is stored under "CounterValueAtReset" and set the counter value back to 0. User Sets 11.8 Three user sets (1-3) are available for the Baumer cameras of the HXG series. The user sets can contain the following information: Parameter Binning Mode Mirroring Control Defectpixellist Partial Scan Digital I/O Settings Pixelformat Exposure Time...
Manual grouping must be performed on the PC (often called teaming) Notice The installation of LAG is described in the Installation Guide for Baumer-GAPI SDK Gigabit Ethernet. 12.1.1 Camera Control The communication for the camera control is always sent on the same physical link of the LAG.
12.2 Device Information This Gigabit Ethernet-specific information on the device is part of the Discovery-Acknowl- edge of the camera. Included information: ▪ MAC address ▪ Current IP configuration (persistent IP / DHCP / LLA) ▪ Current IP parameters ( IP address, subnet mask, gateway) ▪ Manufacturer's name ▪ Manufacturer-specific information ▪ Device version ▪ Serial number ▪ User-defined name (user programmable string) ...
12.3 Baumer Image Info Header The Baumer Image Info Header is a data packet, which is generated by the camera and integrated in the last data packet of every image, if chunk mode is activated. Figure 42 ► Location of the Baumer Image Info Header The Baumer Image Info Header is a data packet, which is generated by the camera and integrated in the first data packet of every image, if chunk mode is activated. In this integrated data packet are different settings for this image. BGAPI can read the Image Info Header. Third Party Software, which supports the Chunk mode, can read the features in the table below. This settings are (not completely): Feature...
12.5 "Inter Packet Gap" (IPG) To achieve optimal results in image transfer, several Ethernet-specific factors need to be considered when using Baumer HXG cameras. Upon starting the image transfer of a camera, the data packets are transferred at maxi- mum transfer speed (1 Gbit/sec). In accordance with the network standard, Baumer em- ploys a minimal separation of 12 Bytes between two packets. This separation is called "Inter Packet Gap" (IPG). In addition to the minimal PD, the GigE Vision standard stipu- ® lates that the PD be scalable (user-defined).
12.5.2 Example 2: Multi Camera Operation – Optimal IPG A better method is to increase the IPG to a size of optimal IPG = packet size + 2 × minimal IPG In this way both data packets can be transferred successively (zipper principle), and the switch does not need to buffer the packets. Max.
12.6 Frame Delay Another approach for packet sorting in multi-camera operation is the so-called Frame De- lay, which was introduced to Baumer Gigabit Ethernet cameras in hardware release 2.1. Due to the fact, that the currently recorded image is stored within the camera and its transmission starts with a predefined delay, complete images can be transmitted to the PC at once. The following figure should serve as an example: ◄ Figure 47 Principle of the Frame delay.
12.6.2 Configuration Example For the three used cameras the following data are known: Camera Sensor Pixel Format Data Readout Exposure Transfer Time Model Resolution (Pixel Depth) Volume Time Time (Dual-GigE) [Pixel] [bit] [bit] [msec] [msec] [msec] HXG20 2048 x 1088 17825792 ≈ 8.3 HXG40 2048 x 2048 33554432...
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In general, the transmission delay is calculated as: ∑ − Transmissi onDelay Camera osure Camera readout Camera osure Camera transferGi Camera ≥ Therewith for the example, the transmission delays of camera 2 and 3 are calculated as follows: TransmissionDelay(Camera 2) exposure(Camera 1) readout(Camera 1) exposure(Camera 2)
The data is sent out to an intelligent network node, an IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) capable Switch or Router and distributed to the receiver group with the specific address range. In the example on the figure below, multicast is used to process image and message data separately on two differents PC's. Multicast Addresses: For multicasting Baumer suggests an adress range from 232.0.1.0 to 232.255.255.255. Figure 49 ► Principle of Multicast...
255.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255 255.255.0.0 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255 255.255.255.0 Figure 50 ▲ These combinations are not checked by Baumer-GAPI, Baumer-GAPI Viewer or cam- Connection pathway for era on the fly. This check is performed when restarting the camera, in case of an invalid Baumer Gigabit Ether- net cameras: IP - subnet combination the camera will start in LLA mode. The device connects ...
▪ DHCP Request Once the client has received this DHCPOFFER, the transaction needs to be con- firmed. For this purpose the client sends a so called DHCPREQUEST broadcast to the network. This message contains the IP address of the offering DHCP server and informs all other possible DHCPservers that the client has obtained all the necessary information, and there is therefore no need to issue IP information to the client. Figure 53 ► DHCP Request (broadcast) ▪ DHCP Acknowledgement Once the DHCP server obtains the DHCPREQUEST, a unicast containing all neces- sary information is sent to the client.
12.9 Packet Resend Due to the fact, that the GigE Vision standard stipulates using a UDP - a stateless user ® datagram protocol - for data transfer, a mechanism for saving the "lost" data needs to be employed. Here, a resend request is initiated if one or more packets are damaged during transfer and - due to an incorrect checksum - rejected afterwards. On this topic one must distinguish between three cases: 12.9.1 Normal Case...
12.9.3 Fault 2: Lost Packet at the End of the Data Stream In case of a fault at the end of the data stream, the application will wait for incoming packets for a predefined time. When this time has elapsed, the resend request is triggered and the "lost" packets will be resent. Figure 57 ► Resending of lost pack- ets at the end of the data stream.
12.10 Message Channel The asynchronous message channel is described in the GigE Vision standard and of- ® fers the possibility of event signaling. There is a timestamp (64 bits) for each announced event, which contains the accurate time the event occurred. Each event can be activated and deactivated separately. Eventmap HXG: Edge Event-ID XML-Event-Description GigE Vision Standard Events 0x0007 PrimaryApplicationSwitch HXG Hardware-Events rising 0x9000 Line0RisingEdge falling 0x9001 Line0FallingEdge rising 0x9002 Line1RisingEdge falling 0x9003...
12.11 Action Commands The basic idea behind this feature was to achieve a simultaneous trigger for multiple cameras. Action Command: Action Command Description Since hardware release 2.1 Action Command Trigger used to send a trigger to all connected the implemetation of the cameras.
12.11.2 Action Command Timestamp The figure below show a PC with 1-n connected cameras, which are receives the Action Command "Timestamp" from the PC. Thus, the time signal of all 1-n cameras can simul- taneously set to 0. ◄ Figure 59 Timestamping of mul- tiple cameras over Eth- ernet.
After resuming the interface, the buffered image data will be transferred to the PC. 13.4 Acquisition Modes In general, three acquisition modes are available for the cameras in the Baumer HXG series. 13.4.1 Free Running Free running means the camera records images continuously without external events.
Cleaning Cover glass Notice The sensor is mounted dust-proof. Remove of the cover glass for cleaning is not neces- sary. Avoid cleaning the cover glass of the CCD sensor if possible. To prevent dust, follow the instructions under "Install lens". If you must clean it, use compressed air or a soft, lint free cloth dampened with a small quantity of pure alcohol. Housing Caution! Volatile solvents for cleaning. Volatile solvents damage the surface of the camera. volatile solvents Never use volatile solvents (benzine, thinner) for cleaning! To clean the surface of the camera housing, use a soft, dry cloth. To remove persistent ...
Keep the original packaging during the warranty period in order to be able to pack the device in the event of a warranty claim. Warranty Information Notice There are no adjustable parts inside the camera! In order to avoid the loss of warranty do not open the housing! Notice If it is obvious that the device is / was dismantled, reworked or repaired by other than Baumer technicians, Baumer Optronic will not take any responsibility for the subse- quent performance and quality of the device! Support If you have any problems with the camera, then feel free to contact our support. Worldwide Baumer Optronic GmbH Badstrasse 30 DE-01454 Radeberg, Germany...
Cameras of the Baumer HXG family comply with: ▪ ▪ FCC Part 15 Class B, ▪ RoHS 19.1 We declare, under our sole responsibility, that the previously described Baumer HXG cameras conform with the directives of the CE. 19.2 FCC – Class B Device This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide rea- sonable protection against harmful interference in a residential environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not in- stalled and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occure in ...
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