THOMSON Gateway Configuration Manual
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THOMSON Gateway Configuration Manual

THOMSON Gateway Configuration Manual

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Thomson Gateway

IP Forwarding Configuration Guide

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Summary of Contents for THOMSON Gateway

  • Page 1: Thomson Gateway

    Thomson Gateway IP Forwarding Configuration Guide...
  • Page 3 Thomson Gateway IP Forwarding Configuration Guide...
  • Page 4 Distribution and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents is not permitted without written authorization from THOMSON. The content of this document is furnished for informational use only, may be subject to change without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by THOMSON. THOMSON assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this document.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    About this IP Forwarding Configuration Guide ....... 1 1 Concepts and terminology ............3 Network terminology ..................4 Forwarding details ..................6 Routing details ....................8 2 The Thomson Gateway FIB entries..........9 3 Standard IP forwarding............. 13 Static entries....................14 3.1.1 Standard routes ............................ 15 3.1.2...
  • Page 6 Contents 6 Expressions ................49 Interface related expressions ................ 50 IP related expressions ................... 51 Service related expressions ................52 E-DOC-CTC-20051017-0168 v1.0...

  • Page 7: About This Ip Forwarding Configuration Guide

    About this IP Forwarding Configuration Guide Scope This guide focuses on IP forwarding and its configuration. For more information on IP routing and how to configure it, refer to the Thomson Gateway IP Routing Configuration Guide. Used Symbols note provides additional information about a topic.
  • Page 8 About this IP Forwarding Configuration Guide Documentation and software updates THOMSON continuously develops new solutions, but is also committed to improving its existing products. For suggestions regarding this document, please contact documentation.speedtouch@thomson.net. For more information on THOMSON's latest technological innovations, documents and software releases, visit us at http://www.thomson-broadband.com.

  • Page 9: Concepts And Terminology

    Chapter 1 Concepts and terminology Concepts and terminology Introduction It is assumed that the reader is familiar with general electronic communication principles and has in-depth knowledge of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. Some terminology used in this technology field is not always clearly defined and may lead to misunderstanding of certain sections.

  • Page 10: Network Terminology

    Chapter 1 Concepts and terminology Network terminology IP host Network applications such as web-browser and e-mail are the ultimate producers and consumers of data. However these applications cannot exist on their own; they need host systems for various supporting functions, network access being one of the most important. IP host or simply host...
  • Page 11 Chapter 1 Concepts and terminology Anatomy of a basic router The picture below shows the anatomy of a basic router, consisting of input/output ports, IP interfaces, a forwarding table and a forwarding process. Router Forwarding Process IP Packet Forwarding action Input IP Interface Output IP Interface Port 1...

  • Page 12: Forwarding Details

    Compared to destination based forwarding it is a more advanced technique which takes other packet header fields into account such as source IP address, transport protocol and TCP/UDP ports. In Thomson Gateway products, service-based forwarding is implemented via packet-classified forwarding (label based forwarding).
  • Page 13 Chapter 1 Concepts and terminology A prefix is expressed either in dotted decimal notation, for example {10.0.0.0; 255.255.255.0} or in prefix/ length notation, for example10.0.0.0/24. Longest Prefix Matching Finding the best matching destination for a given destination IP address can be reformulated in finding the most specific prefix amongst the matching prefixes.

  • Page 14: Routing Details

    Routing is the process of distributing network reacheability information amongst a collection of routers. This is accomplished via routing protocols such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) or Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). All reacheability information is kept in a routing table. A more technical definition for this table is Routing Information Base (RIB).

  • Page 15: The Thomson Gateway Fib Entries

    Question is, how do entries (routes) end-up in there? This section gives an overview of the three different routes that are supported and used in the Thomson Gateway: >...
  • Page 16 You can see the FIB entries in the IP route table (Business DSL Routers only). Proceed as follows: Open a web browser and browse to the Thomson Gateway web pages at http://dsldevice.lan. Switch to Expert mode and browse to SpeedTouch> IP Router > IP Routing.
  • Page 17 Chapter 2 The Thomson Gateway FIB entries IP Route Table Values The following table explains the values used in the routing table. Name Description Destination The destination IP address(es) for this route. Label The name of the packet classification label (more details about labels in next chapter).
  • Page 18 Chapter 2 The Thomson Gateway FIB entries E-DOC-CTC-20051017-0168 v1.0...

  • Page 19: Standard Ip Forwarding

    Chapter 3 Standard IP forwarding Standard IP forwarding Introduction This chapter gives an overview of all possible static and semi-dynamic routes that can be configured in the Thomson Gateway for standard IP forwarding. In this section Topic Page 3.1 Static entries 3.2 Semi-dynamic entries...

  • Page 20: Static Entries

    To add a static route the command is used. Depending on the type of static entry, the following parameters need to be configured: > Destination IP address > Interface or gateway IP address In this section Topic Page 3.1.1 Standard routes 3.1.2 Interface routes...

  • Page 21: Standard Routes

    To configure a standard route, proceed as follows: Check the routing table. Add a standard route. This is a static route for destination 20.0.0.0/8 via gateway 192.168.1.254 (being the Thomson Gateway itself). Click Save All to save the configuration. E-DOC-CTC-20051017-0168 v1.0...
  • Page 22 Expected results To check whether the standard route is created, check the routing table. As you can see, the route with destination 20.0.0.0/8 and gateway IP 192.168.1.254 has been added to the routing table. The FIB entries are sorted from most specific to least specific to implement the longest prefix matching (LPM) algorithm.

  • Page 23: Interface Routes

    Chapter 3 Standard IP forwarding 3.1.2 Interface routes Introduction An interface route consists of a destination IP and an interface. Interface route Configure an interface route, proceed as follows: Check the routing table. Add an interface route. This is an interface route for destination 20.0.0.0/8 via interface lan1. Click Save All to save the configuration.
  • Page 24 A gateway IP address followed by an asterisk means that this is an interface route of which the IP address is filled by the Thomson Gateway.

  • Page 25: Semi-Dynamic Entries

    Chapter 3 Standard IP forwarding Semi-dynamic entries Introduction This section explains the two ways how semi-dynamic FIB entries (routes) are added: > Point-to-point protocol (PPP) > Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) In this section Topic Page 3.2.1 Semi-dynamic routes through PPP 3.2.2 Semi-dynamic routes through DHCP E-DOC-CTC-20051017-0168 v1.0...

  • Page 26: Semi-Dynamic Routes Through Ppp

    Chapter 3 Standard IP forwarding 3.2.1 Semi-dynamic routes through PPP Introduction When creating a point-to-point link it is possible to define a route that will be added to the routing table when the PPP link comes up. rtadd Proceed as follows to configure a semi-dynamic route through the command: Create and configure a new ATM interface.
  • Page 27 Chapter 3 Standard IP forwarding The PPP interface and semi-dynamic route Configure the PPP interface and add a semi-dynamic route, proceed as follows: Browse to Connections > Routed PPPoA. Add a new PPP interface. Create a route that will be added to the routing table when the PPP link comes up and will be removed when the link goes down.
  • Page 28 Chapter 3 Standard IP forwarding Expected results To check whether the dynamic route is created, take a look at the routing table. The interface is put in trigger mode. This means that the connection will assign an IP address as soon as some traffic is sent.

  • Page 29: Semi-Dynamic Routes Through Dhcp

    :dhcp client ifconfig intf=eth0 addr=192.168.1.65 Attach a DHCP lease to interface eth0. :dhcp client ifattach intf=eth0 If you would like to distribute semi-dynamic routes by using the Thomson Gateway as DHCP server, this is how to configure it: Configuration DHCP server Add a DHCP server pool “MyPool”.

  • Page 30: Dhcp Server Pool List

    Intf State MyPool 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.100 eth0 STATIC DHCP server = 192.168.1.254 Netmask = 255.255.255.0 Leasetime = 2700s Gateway = 0.0.0.0 DNS domain = lan DNS metric DNS address list: 192.168.0.254 (local DNS) Route list: Destination Gateway Interface 20.20.20.0/24 192.168.1.254 eth0...

  • Page 31: Packet Classification And Labelling

    Chapter 4 Packet Classification and Labelling Packet Classification and Labelling Introduction This chapter will explain in detail how packets are classified. This classification is configured via rules in a packet filter mechanism. When a packet hits a rule, it will be marked with the label that is associated with this rule. Like this, packets with certain properties can be given a common name.

  • Page 32: Classification

    Chapter 4 Packet Classification and Labelling Classification Introduction The basic objective of the Classification module in the Thomson Gateway is the following: > Identifying certain data on IP or layer 3 level> This is called classification. > Stating the importance (or priority) of the data, optionally overruling the priority already indicated by the layer 2 network (setting the internal class) The internal class is an internal indication (from 0 ..15) of the importance/priority of data, this...

  • Page 33: Order Of Classification Rules

    Introduction The Thomson Gateway will first check the routing rules and assign a routing-label when a rule is hit. Secondly the packet will go through the QoS rules and a qos-label will be assigned if a rule is hit. So each packet can get two labels assigned.
  • Page 34 Chapter 4 Packet Classification and Labelling No rules should be created in the chain _default_labels, because this chain is reserved for automatically created rules that substitute source-routes where needed. When creating classification rules, only create them in the chain _user_labels or in newly created sub-chains in the chain _user_labels.

  • Page 35: Label Configuration Via The Gui

    Routing label rules and QoS label rules. Its name/ID will be used for forwarding, its parameters will be used for QoS related queuing / rate-limiting / marking. For more information about labelling in the CLI see the CLI Reference Guide for your Thomson Gateway. Configuration procedure Proceed as follows for the classification configuration: Create a label “MyLabel”.
  • Page 36 Chapter 4 Packet Classification and Labelling Check the labels overview. MyLabel is added to the labels. Add rules to MyLabel Proceed as follows to add rules to MyLabel. Switch to Expert mode and go to IP Router > Classification > Routing Rules. Click New to add a new rule to MyLabel.

  • Page 37: Label Configuration Via The Cli

    Chapter 4 Packet Classification and Labelling Label configuration via the CLI Configuration procedure Proceed as follows: Create a label. Create rules. Create label Proceed as follows to create a label: Create a label. :label add name=MyLabel If desired create a new sub-chain that will hold the new classification rules. :label chain add chain=MyChain A chain or sub-chain can be useful for personal ordering or grouping but is not necessary.
  • Page 38 Chapter 4 Packet Classification and Labelling End result The chain structure now looks like this: rule_1 MyChain rt_labels rt_user_labels rule_1 rt_default_labels rule_3 rule_5 The label allows to identify packets with matching criteria (i.e. coming from LAN, hitting for HTTP). If such packet arrives it is “labelled”...

  • Page 39: Packet-Classified Forwarding

    Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding Packet-classified forwarding Introduction This chapter gives an overview of all possible static and semi-dynamic routes that can be configured in the Thomson Gateway for packet-classified forwarding. In this chapter Topic Page 5.1 Static packet-classified entries 5.2 Semi-dynamic packet-classified routes 5.3 Situations where to use labels...

  • Page 40: Static Packet-Classified Entries

    Depending on the type of static entry, the following parameters need to be configured: > Destination IP address > Label > Interface or gateway IP address In the configuration examples the configured label “MyLabel” from “4.2 Label Configuration via the GUI” on page 29 is used. In this section...

  • Page 41: Standard Packet-Classified Routes

    Click New and fill in the appropriate fields to add a standard route. This is a static route for destination 20.0.0.0/8 via gateway 192.168.1.254 and only for traffic that matches with the configuration of MyLabel. For more information about configuring labels, see “4.2 Label...
  • Page 42 Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding Expected results Verify the routing table to check whether the standard route is created. E-DOC-CTC-20051017-0168 v1.0...

  • Page 43: Interface Packet-Classified Routes

    Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding 5.1.2 Interface packet-classified routes Introduction An interface route consists of a destination IP, a label and an interface. Adding Interface route Proceed as follows to configure an interface route: Check the routing table. Click New and fill in the appropriate fields to add an interface route. This is a static route for destination 30.0.0.0/8 via interface lan1 and only for traffic that matches with the configuration of MyLabel.
  • Page 44 Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding Expected results To check whether the interface route is created, have a look at the routing table. The route with destination 30.0.0.0/8 and interface lan1 is added to the routing table. E-DOC-CTC-20051017-0168 v1.0...

  • Page 45: Semi-Dynamic Packet-Classified Routes

    Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding Semi-dynamic packet-classified routes Introduction In this section, the method for adding semi-dynamic packet-classified FIB entries (routes) is explained: > Point-to-point protocol (PPP) In this section Topic Page 5.2.1 Semi-dynamic routes through PPP E-DOC-CTC-20051017-0168 v1.0...

  • Page 46: Semi-Dynamic Routes Through Ppp

    Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding 5.2.1 Semi-dynamic routes through PPP Introduction When creating a point-to-point link it is possible to add a route that will be added to the routing table when the PPP link comes up. rtadd Proceed as follows to configure a semi-dynamic route through the command: Create and configure a new ATM interface.
  • Page 47 Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding The PPP interface and semi-dynamic route Proceed as follows to configure the PPP interface and to add a semi-dynamic route. Browse to Connections > Routed PPPoA. Add a new PPP interface. Create a route that will be added to the routing table when the PPP link comes up and will be removed when the link goes down.
  • Page 48 Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding Expected results To check whether the dynamic route is created, take a look at the routing table. E-DOC-CTC-20051017-0168 v1.0...

  • Page 49: Situations Where To Use Labels

    Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding Situations where to use labels Introduction This chapter gives some examples of situations where it is useful to use labels. In this section Topic Page 5.3.1 Multiple ATM VPI/VCIs and IP interfaces E-DOC-CTC-20051017-0168 v1.0...

  • Page 50: Multiple Atm Vpi/Vcis And Ip Interfaces

    Add a semi-dynamic route for PPP connection “PPPoA_1” and “PPPoA_2”. The example starts with two configured PPP connections “PPPoA_1” and “PPPoA_2”. For more information see, “The Thomson Gateway Internet Connection Configuration Guide” Create the labels “work” and “leisure” Proceed as follows to create and configure the labels “Leisure” and “Work”:...
  • Page 51 Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding Switch to Expert mode and go to IP Router > Classification > Labels Click New to add label “Leisure”. For more information see,“4.2 Label Configuration via the GUI” on page 29 Click Apply and then New to and label “Work”. Click Apply.
  • Page 52 Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding Configure label “work” and “leisure” Go to IP Router > Classification > Routing Rules. Click New to add a rule to label “Leisure”. To be able to select the SRCIP addresses “192.168.1.64”, you must first create an expression for it.
  • Page 53 Chapter 5 Packet-classified forwarding Add a semi-dynamic route for “PPPoA_1” and “PPPoA_2” Proceed as follows: Go to Connections > Routed PPPoA. Select interface PPPoA_1 and go to the Routing tab. Add a default route to PPPoA_1 with label “Leisure”. Repeat step for connection PPPoA_2.
  • Page 54 The default connections are added to the routing table. PPPoA_1 connection is in trigger mode as long as there is only traffic send from 192.168.1.65, see label “Leisure”. PPPoA_2 will take over when the Thomson Gateway receives traffic from 192.168.1.64, label “Work”.
  • Page 55 FTP, IKE, SIP etc. Expression in GUI Proceed as follows: Open a web browser and browse to the Thomson Gateway web pages at http://speedtouch or http:// 192.168.1.254. Browse to Expert Mode > Firewall > Expressions to see a list of all the expressions.

  • Page 56: Interface Related Expressions

    Browse to Expert Mode > Firewall > Expressions. If necessary, select the Interface.tab The expression in red are dynamically created by other Thomson Gateway modules. These are used in Game & Application Sharing or Thomson Gateway Services. They can be used in firewall rules but cannot be modified.

  • Page 57: Ip Related Expressions

    Chapter 6 Expressions IP related expressions Create a IP related expression Proceed as follows: Browse to Expert Mode > Firewall > Expressions. Select the IP tab: . Click New to add a new IP related expression. Fill in the fields. Name: Type the name of the expression.

  • Page 58: Service Related Expressions

    Chapter 6 Expressions Service related expressions Create a new Service related expression Proceed as follows: Browse to Expert Mode > Firewall > Expressions. Select sub level Service. Click New to add a new Service related expression. Fill in the fields. Name: Type the name of the expression.

  • Page 60: Prins Boudewijnlaan

    THOMSON Telecom Belgium Prins Boudewijnlaan 47 2650 Edegem www.thomson-broadband.com © THOMSON 2007. All rights reserved. E-DOC-CTC-20051017-0168 v1.0.

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