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the
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places
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lltl
e.pHcn S"',gr.. pbical dilfribulion
lilurtariou eU'ludiog
tho.~
(,.·owunel,
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lhat
dild.riburion
ill, penultr.,J (')nly
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riea Dot thu..
e~lu.dl>d.
]n tlUch caSoe. ,hla License
iu,-'orpQrales
t~
h.mitation alt
if writtM
in the body of this
Liun~
9. Tbe Fl'ClC Soft:wme Fouud.uKm may publbh reviKod aodlof'
new
\feniona
of the
(koerall~lblic
Lken1lt' from
tiute to
lim(,.', Such
ntow
",~k')JD
wlll
be
"imilar in
t-]>irit to
tM prelW.>"Ut
vtnlou. but ll'Uly
<hffer in
di,>fAiJ
t.o Nldre»s
new
pmblems
01'
(,.'(>nc.elU",.
Each version
i..~
given a
dh:ringuhhillg
versiou number, If the Prngr.lRl
~pt~itl~' II.
vcnion
uumbt'T of this
Liceol'C: which appl,ics
lo if .atut '-.at}y
laru
\fenlon'>.
),OU ha\:'t!
tbe
option of
followiog
rhe
It.'Tll.l.\:
\U1d Gondilion, ei rher of
rhac
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of any
lati,~r
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l~~
Soft.W\\fe F<.lundzttloo,
If the' Pwgranl doc" not , . .pocify ...
"'''l':fllic.m uurnbt."Co{
this
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may choose any \.1..':oic.m
ever pub&h:tH.od
by
Ihl!.
Fn..>:e
Sofiw.lrc:
Foundation,
JO,
]f
)'OU
wiab t.o
incorporate
pa:r.1.:' ) of the Pr-ogram iutud'ha- fru
prOgt"M\ll
whose·
dh:tributiml (.'(>ndition.. are
differCIU. write t.o the oochor
to
.ut.
f'or pennL..s&oo.
] u
sofiw<U'e
whkh
h L'()pyrigbted by
the
Free SutlW.lfe
Foundar.lon, wriu'
C\)
the
FRle
S<,:d"tware
Ft.-'-ludackm;
we
somt.'f.ime.
m:a.ke eXGCptioB..",
fOllhb:.
Ou.r decl.ion wiJI be
guuk>d by the two !\',oh of prel\Ct,ing .he f_ .,..lUl of aU dm,,,,i'e. of our f_
",aware.nd of pn"",)(ing rhe .huring iUld ...
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I'
AR'lll:;'~
PROVIDE THE
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OR IMPUED. INCUJ()ING. Bur NUl' l.lMrJ1::I) TO. TflE
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BIOI NG RENDEREI> I N,KCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINIiD BY YOU OR
UURD I'
AR'llh~
OR ,"\ F,"\ILVRE OF 11·IE PROGR...M TO OPERA'Il, wrm
ANY OTlU·:Rl'R()(;Ri\MSj, EVliN1F S(JCII HOLDER ORUIHER P,"\RTY
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EN DOl' ·1l'.llMS i\ND C'ONDI1l0NS
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)f
you dt."Vcl<'1l '"
nt'W progrMIl.
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it
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he of lhl',
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W
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ttl
make it frec
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thac renna.
To do
.W>,
altzld}
Iht.
l
f(JUc1W'i1lg
uolkc.~
to
the
pn.lgram. It.
is
IUlft'st.
u,)
aU.m
them
lu
t.he
Id:.ort
o( each MOUrce file '.0 nY}sr
toff'Ct·tivf..'ly
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o( WtrrrilDty; and euc. . . h
file ,hould ha,e
.1 I......
!be "t"'fl}righc" line iUld
~
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n,
"'here the full notice is
r\)und.
<oue line ('() gi"'e thc progmlu'. name \U1d
II.
brief ide'\)
of
what.
it
d~~,>
Copyright
{el
<year>
<namf..~
of ;mrbof>
This
pIl'>gJ'CU1l
h free soil
ware;
yin}
<:an.
rf...odi~tribulc
it
lUtd!OJ' Il'¥.xlify 11
Undl"C
rhe
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Licenlw:m pubti..
,.,(.~
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Foundation; either \'t'fllioo 2 of t:he,
Lk:en~.
or
{at.
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This program is di",ribun,,1 in rho hope thut it will "" ".,elul, oot wrmour ,"\NY
W ARR.ANTY: without
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MERCEJ.;\NTABIlTry
(,' ) J'
HTNESS FOR A P,"\RTICl.JLAR PURPOSE. Su the GNU G"""....I Publk
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You s!u)ldd ha\;,e r«ch"l':d '"
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[frhe· progr.un is inrerill.'t:i\"t'.
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Of TUel)llJ
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Y
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also gt.'f.
your
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0'"
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ff)(
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a.1tvrthe IlD1T.tC!S:
Yoyodyne,lnc.. ht'reby <\i"d.. imI all <'Opyrighr intor.,r in rhe
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by
James Had.er.
<,igrurtureofTy CO"u>, 1 April J989
Ty
Ctxm. ]Jre..idt.':1lt
of Vla
'lbi.1
GeoccAi
Publi,,·
LiceOl~e
do4.!:o; not
~nnl.t.
ino.wpo.rllling
'your program
into
pJ'OI"'W!'<V}'
progr.t1J1ll.. [{
."jour
ptt')~tun
i..
a "ubl'O'Urioe
Ilhmry.
you may Gonsider
it
ilX')f'e
uo<>fui
W
pt'nUn linking p",pr:i'1.vy "l'P1k&liuns with rhe JiIK;uy. lfrh",", whot
>"'"
WD1}l to l.J, u.c
rhe
GNU Ijbnry Ge.w:ral
Publk
Li<:mIc
;n~Ct'ad
of this Liceo.C",
•
About uCllbc
GNU
LlBR... RY m'NliRAL PtlIll.,IC LICENSE
Ver",," 2.Ju"" 1991
Copyright (ClI991 F.....eSoft..."'" Fnunda/ioo, Inc.
67S M;m Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139, US ...
EV«)'OM is pclmirtc.d
to
c.opy tlUd distribute
"erbotim G0l'ie.\
of
thh lk;.:n\e document.
bur. changing it is
not al"Wwtod.
ITIt;. il
tho
Ilnt ...Ie..t'<l
"'''UXl
uf lbo
Jibelit)'
GPL. II is Plllnb<:red 2 b<£..
1lI\C
ir S''''''
with
,,,[Oion
2 of the o"liruuy Cd'!... j
l'reumble
·fbe Iicf,m»C.", ('ur mo..
¢
.\oftware are deslgUl.>d
to take '.lway
y"mr
fref..-dt.)Il1
to
~M:re
and
<..'hange
it
By
contra.. .
t ;t.
rhe. GNU
Gt..'1.tt.'r\l1 Publx
Lk-euse" ....
t. > Intendt.':d
to
guar,UlIee
your fret.'f.kXll to share
and
change free so'ftware··to make
~urc
the
softW&n.' i.'i
fret>
for
allil.l
user&.
lbis Ji<..'t'1}sc.
the Libnuy Gt..':nerlll Public 1... k t'1l.le. applie,. h)
SOU\('
I'peciully
dt.·signaled
Free Sofl'W'iH'e Foundarif.Jn
Joftware. and ro
any Olbt'T
Ilbnsrit~ W'KlIC
&!thon
dt.."(,.;de
Co
lIse d.. You
C<U1lL\"C it.(tW
yourlibrarie».too.
Wheo we
~ak'
of fne softwM'e, we"ln refuring'cO fn·f..doJtl.. nor price:.
OurGenc:nal
"ublk Liunae, .n ..,oigTlL'<l to lnah ....... !bat y".. lutvc the fre«lotn to d.... t rib,de
("'opietli
of
free
~o(\ware
(<too
charge (or Ihb .wnice if you
wi"h). tM.
you rec.ei\;'e
~')llrce·
code
or
can gd
it if
you
w.anr.
it,
tbat
y<.'lQ
can change
rbe software
or
U~ pk.~cs
of
it
in
new
(re~
pmgnuns's Dnd Uwl you
know you
(,.·tm
d()
the:se thing.,\.
To
PlOtect
")-'our rights;
we-
need to nmke rel4r"&.:t.llms t.h",t fOfbtd anyone to deoy you
the\w. Tighe..
or to
ask' )'()u tu sll'n"C,nck'T the
right.~.
These CC·JlJiCfIOn...
translMe to
celu.in
re.wpolUihilitle~
for
yl':lU
if
yt)U
dhtribute
copies of the: t ibmry.
t)t'
if you modify it
For eunnple, if you
dh:rrihutt.'cop'ie"o(
rbe library.
whelher
grati,
nf'
tff(
a fl.'(.', )-"l')ll
nul.\C
give the f(lC.ipieru. all the righL.. lbat we If""\fe
you,
You TIm
It
make
wt't!
tid. tbey, l(xl,.
receive or
CM
get
t.be
sonn.'c oxlc. If you link a program wlrh
,he
librDry. you nllL\'t
ploviLle. (,.'(xuplc.....
o~if....·(,.'t
tllc.1
Co
tt.:
n.·'dpit.'1ll\
.lK,)
,har they cuo l'Clink_them with the
Iibnuy. alier
nY ..
king cMnS". n, lhe libnlry
and
ruompiling iI.
,"\nd
you
lUll'"
"h"w
rhem theM.' rerm.", so rbey
know
IheiT rights.
Our nlL'th<ld <If pn,re<,'ting y"'" right, !uta Iwo . . ,ep"
(I)
copyright. Ibe Iibnlty.
4nd (2)
off'Cr you
Ihis lieem..e
whi<:h
giv(.'~
..
)-1.-'-l
legaJ pe:.rmi.slon ro copy. dlJlribure andlor
modify the librury.
Altm,.
f<.)l' l>uch disrrihutoc'J
pr1.JfG:lioo.
we
waut
10 make cl>rtuin rlult.
e\;,cry{)QC.
undt.>n:r.4U'1ds
lbal,here i.
IlU
warranty (tU'this
tree
library, If
the libr1U"Y i"
11l1..:~.hfi("'1.t
by
MOll'Wl(1Ue
,,1.(' and paSllt>d on.
we
WGUt it» redpl¢J1lA
f()
know ,ha.t
wh;.u
.ht.'Y bav(l i'i not
the orig;ina.l \"l':l'liiiOll. 50
that"
N1Y pmblem.",
intr()dU<:t.~d ~
othe", will
nor. rd1L't.l,
on rhe
<.m
g1.llI.l auflxTrS'
repulat1CJflt,
Finally.
any {ree: pn.)grUT11 'i.
rh.,.....ar.enf.~
cotuRandy
by
~onware
p\ll:cnts, Wc wb:h ttl
avoid the danger
that
cmupanicj\
<)i,,,,trihl.U,ing
fn.oe
,"-illwDJ'l!' willindividtUlUy ob.1Iin
J~ll'(~nt
tlceme:\:. tllUIii in dIcet. tT"'O.1lf<')I'1J1ing Ibe
program
into proprierary
)~oft
ware, To
prc-wnt
thh.
we
ba'-"e mad.: it
dcU'r
that. aoy
~nflilUllit
be:
]icen~
tl.Jt'evt.'1:)1.Xle'S free
use {U'
1)(".
H(,.-ensM
al
aU.
Mo... GN ()
.~;oftware.
mcludiug some
librari~.
is
("'O\;'a'M
by
tb~
otdJn.vy GNU
Gt.'1)(·rW
Publk Lict'Tlse.
whk:h
Wlui
de.oJgned fOf" uHliry
progrtlllU',
'Illis
licell~{'.lbe
(iNU
Llhnrr:y Gent.'Ta!
Public
Ll(,.-enso.
applies
to
c\.>rtain deNgnar.ed
librarics, This
lit:cnSoe
is
"Ju'ifC
diff~".fr(}m
the onlinary tXlf..';
be ..
re t.o r('aU
it in
full,
aoddcm't aSlWme that
anyth'illg 'in
il i, the
lWll.le
a.",
in
rbe
onJimuy Jk('1}se,
The
l' e <,' u ,,:)1' 1 we ha\"l! a
tiif..
' J>Ur.lte
publit.'
1iC'C1lIC
fOf"
S(}'fJ}C
librarieJ
h that
rhey
blu.T
the
di.incti~Xl
we usuaUy mMt' betWl'cn
Il.x)(lifying
~lr
;,v.tdi.ug
u> .... pn>grmn Olnd
"h.nply
ul'ing
It.
Lmkiug '" I'mgnuTl with
a library. without changiugthe- hbmry.lti
'in
,"-\R~
Jeol'C "imply uSing
the hbrm:y. nnd is
analc>g:t')u~
lo
nmniug
a utilily pn.·'Sram
{)l'
upplk",Uon
JU'r~ram.
Ht)w(· ...
' t':J'. in
a
tt."!tlua] Md
legal.s(mse.
the
linked
e~(.'t."UllIblf..>
'it'"
(,.'{)J1,b'ined wod. a
den
wl1i\;,e of the
(:il1g:.lrutllibr-~ry.
l1ud the urdinary General
PubJic
Lic¢Me
rreM.
it
a~
\u(,.·b,
B('t.'lUse of rhis blurro!(t
dhil.n""f'ion,
using
the
oJ'\1.inary Gent'llll Publ,ic
License
f\w
li.br.lric.\:
did not.cft'«:rJ\;'ety
pnnIW4.e
~OnW'lre
sharing. lx>cause mold.
(lcvelt>J)l!.Ol
did
no(
Ulli(>
the
libr.l.rlcs. We.
cOlX.'luded tbal
w~\\ker
Gond.iUot\1ii
migbt
pn.)J1....
e sl,uuing
herter.
flt)wever. unresrrkt't.>d
ITnk:ing
of
B'JU·fru. progr.uns
would
deprive
tbe
U~~
of
'bow.
pr()griUU~
of all bendli" fTom the froe stanlJ of the
liomrie. fn("lnsel"'e".
lbh Lihr-MY
G-t.'1leral PubliG Lk('llSe is
Joreoded to p<:nnitdevek1pt'rs o(
T1l"~f.,....t.~
pnlgrmns to use
free.
librMie".
while preserving your fret.>d!.)IJ) as a UJer of sucb pmgnm.ls
to
change
lM
free libtaries
lbill are
inc:(J1"'Pf.mLl'.cd in
thern.
{We
hAn'
nat 'A('('n
how to
<1Cmeve
rhis
u
n.>gards
dl"ln~Jin
Mader ftlt..."S.
but
we
b",... " achwvf.'<.I if u
reglmts
changes in tht.'
aclual
h.ludwtu
of the Llhrmy.} The
hope 1.\
t.bat rhls
will
lead to
(a..
lu
developmenr of free
librarle..
'nh~
p.r«he
rem\1ii
lUld
coodirKms
(or
~:opyillg.
disrributiofllUld
InrditkilrJOn follow.
Pay do'S.:
nU~nfion
('(ltbe
dl.(f\:t'el~e
Ix.>tw«n\1 <\.l...-of'k
bD.~tonthe
librnry"
nnd" "work.
rhar
tI~CS
the
f'i'bnrry'·.
1lw!
fonI","C
cOl)wins
code d.el'ivf..>d {lum
the library
s
while the
l.un.u only
work..~
rogerht'T
with
the hbrary.
ii
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