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(2) Two separate circuits,
primary
and secondary, make up the ignition
system. The primary low tension cir-
cui
t
cons ists
of the battery,
low
voltage distributor points, primary
coil
winding
and
condenser.
The
secondary high tension circuit con-
sists
of the secondary winding of
the coil,
distributor
rotor
and
cap, high tension wiring, and spark
plugs.
(J)
In operation,
current from the
battery passes to the primary wind-
ing of the
ignition coil,
through
the breaker pOints of the distribu-
tor.
Periodic opening and
closing
of the
breaker
points
causes the
flow of current to
start and stop,
thus causing an
alternate build-up
and collapse of the
magnetic field
around
the primary winding
of the
coil.
This
fluctuating
magnetic
field cuts the secondary winding of
the ignition coil,
causing a
very
high voltage
to be induced
in it.
Current
from the
secondary of the
igni t ion coil is then passed through
the
distributor
rotor to contacts
in the distributor
cap and finally
to the spark plug.
(4)
Arcing
across the
low voltage
points
of the
distributor
caused
by the
collapsing
magnetic
field
around the
primary winding
of the
,coil
is reduced
by use
of a con-
denser connected across the points.
b. Magneto Ignition Systems
(1) Magnetos are a special applica-
tion of the electric
generator and
are usually used where
the output
of energy
required is small.
They
are used on some models of UNIVERSAL
engines to furnish energy for igni-
tion of the compressed gases in the
cylinder chambers.
The elements of
construction
comprise a
permanent
magnetic
field,
armatures,
which
rotate within that field, a circuit
breaker and a distr ibut ing mechanism
which serves to carry the generated
current to the spark plug.
-J9-
(2) The high
tension type
magneto
used
on
UNIVERSAL
engines
has a
secondary winding,
comprIsIng
a
great number of turns of fine wire,
superimposed upon the primary wind-
ing.
The primary winding is short
circuited by means
of an auxiliary
device,
during the
building uP. of
the field in the armature coil. When
the energy
in the primary
circuit
has reached a maximum, this circuit
is opened, and at the same instant,
due to the rotat ion of the armature,
the magnetic field is removed.
The
energy
of the
primary winding is
discharged
through the
secondary,
and due to the ratio of
primary to
secondary turns, a considerable in-
crease in voltage results.
The re-
sulting high-tension current is then
distributed to the spark plugs.
(J)
Because the spark
intensity of
a magneto varies directly with the
engine speed, an increase of energy
is available at high speeds. At low
engine speeds, such as when the en-
gine is hand cranked, the
magneto
would
sometimes fail
to produce a
voltage sufficient
to spark across
the spark plug gap. In order to pre-
vent this from occurring,
the mag-
netos used are equipped with an im-
pulse
coupling
which
serves
to
couple the
magneto to
the engine,
and at
the same
time,
accelerate
its speed
of rotation
during
the
starting period.
J.
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
All UNIVERSAL
engines are equipped
with a
full
pressure
lubrication
system.
a. Full Pressure Lubrication System
(1) The
full pressure
lubrication
system
effectively
lubricates all
necessary
moving parts
of the en-
gine
with the
exception of
those
accessories mounted
on the outside
of
the
engine.
See
Table
4
for
those models which require separate
lubrication of reduction gears.
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