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Gas
Chemical
Common
Formula
Properties
Ammonia
NH
Irritant and poisonous. Col-
3
orless with characteristic
odor.
Benzene
C
H
Irritant, colorless
6
6
anesthetic
Carbon
CS
Nearly odorless
2
Bisulfide
when pure, color-
less, anesthetic.
Poisonous.
Carbon
CO
Asphyxiant, Colorless,
2
Dioxide
odorless. When breathed
in large quantities, may
cause acid taste.
Non-flammable. Not gen-
erally present in danger-
ous amounts unless an
oxygen deficiency exists.
Carbon
CO
Chemical asphyxiant. Col-
Monoxide
orless, odorless, tasteless.
Flammable.
Poisonous.
Carbon
CCl
Heavy, ethereal odor.
4
Tetra-
Chloride
Chlorine
Cl
Irritant. Yellow-green color.
2
Choking odor detectable in
very low concentrations.
Non-flammable.
Formal-
CH
O
Colorless, pungent suffo-
2
dehyde
cating odor.
Gasoline
C
H
Volatile solvent.
5
12
to
Colorless. Odor notice-
C
H
able at 0.03%. Flammable.
9
20
Hydrogen
H
Simple asphyxiant. Color-
2
less, odorless, tasteless.
Flammable
Hydrogen
HCN
Faint odor of bitter
Cyanide
almonds.
Colorless gas
Table D-1 Hazardous Gases
Specific
Physiological
Gravity or
Effect*
Vapor
Density
Exposure
Air = 1
0.60
Causes throat and
eye irritation at
0.05%, coughing
at 0.17%. Short
exposure at 0.5%
to 1% fatal.
2.77
Slight symptoms
after several hours
exposure at 0.16% to 0.32%.
2% rapidly fatal.
2.64
Very poisonous,
irritating, vomiting,
convulsions, psychic distur-
bance.
1.53
Cannot be endured at 10%
more than a few minutes,
even if subject is at rest and
oxygen content is normal.
Acts on respiratory nerves.
0.97
Combines with hemoglobin
of blood. Unconsciousness
in 30 min. at 0.2% to 0.25%.
Fatal in 4 hours at 0.1%.
Headache in few hours at
0.02%.
5.3
Intestinal upset, loss of con-
sciousness, possible renal
damage, respiratory failure.
2.49
Irritates respiratory tract.
Kills most animals in a very
short time at 0.1%.
1.07
Irritating to the nose.
3.0
Anesthetic effects when
to
inhaled. Rapidly fatal at
4.0
2.4%. Dangerous for short
exposure at 1.1 to 2.2%.
0.07
Acts mechanically to deprive
tissues of oxygen. Does not
support life.
0.93
Slight symptoms appear
upon exposure to 0.002% to
0.004%. 0.3% rapidly fatal.
2150EX Area Velocity Flow Module
Appendix D General Safety Procedures
Max
Max.
Explosive
Likely
Safe
Safe
Range
Location
60 Min.
8 Hour
(% by vol.
Exposure
in air.)
Highest
ppm
ppm
Limits
Concentration
lower/upper
300
85
16
Near top.
to
25
Concentrates
500
in closed up-
per spaces
3,000
25
1.3
At bottom
to
7.1
5,000
—
15
1.3
At bottom
44.0
40,000
5,000
—
At bottom;
to
—
when heated
60,000
may stratify
at points
above bottom.
400
50
12.5
Near top,
74.0
especially if
present with
illuminating
gas.
1,000
100
—
At bottom.
to
—
1,500
4
1
—
At bottom.
—
—
10
7.0
Near bottom
73.0
4,000
1,000
1.3
At bottom
to
6.0
7,000
—
—
4.0
At top
74.0
—
10
6.0
Near top
40.0
Most
Simplest and
Common
Cheapest
of
Sources
Safe Method
of Testing
Sewers, chemical
Detectable
feed rooms
odor at low
concentrations
Industrial wastes,
Combustible
varnish, solvents
gas indicator
An insecticide
Combustible
gas indicator
Products of combus-
Oxygen
tion, sewer gas,
deficiency
sludge. Also issues
indicator
from carbonaceous
strata.
Manufactured gas,
CO ampoules
flue gas, products of
combustion, motor
exhausts. Fires of
almost any kind.
Industrial wastes,
Detectable odor
solvent, cleaning
at low concentrations
Chlorine cylinder and
Detectable odor at
feed line leaks
low concentrations
Incomplete combus-
Detectable odor
tion of organics.
Common air pollut-
ant, fungicide.
Service stations,
1. Combustible
garages, storage
gas indicator.
tanks, houses.
2. Oxygen
deficiency
indicator.**
Manufactured gas,
Combustible gas
sludge digestion tank
indicator
gas, electrolysis of
water. Rarely from
rock strata.
Insecticide and
Detector tube
rodenticide
D-7
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