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Fagor 8040 TC CNC Manual

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N
F
EW
EATURES
R
. 0307
EF
(S
T: 8.
)
OFT
XX
(S
T: 8.1
)
OFT
X

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Summary of Contents for Fagor 8040 TC CNC

  • Page 1 . 0307 T: 8. T: 8.1 EATURES...
  • Page 2 EATURES T: 8. T: 8.1 Page 2 of 2...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    User and OEM arithmetic parameters ................9 Exponential type of leadscrew backlash peak ..............10 Functions associated to machine safety ................11 18.1 Limit the feedrate of the axes and the spindle speed ..........11 18.2 Cycle Start disabled by hardware errors ..............11 18.3 Maximum spindle machining speed.

  • Page 4: Version 8.11

    Leadscrew error compensation in both directions ............42 Parameters accessible from the oscilloscope or OEM subroutine ........43 Axis parameters that may be modified from the oscilloscope ........43 General parameters modifiable from the oscilloscope ..........43 Machine parameters modifiable from an OEM program ...........43 Sampling period .......................44...

  • Page 5: Detected Errors

    NBTOOL Variable The installation and programming manuals indicate that this variable is read-only from the CNC, PLC and DNC. Actually, it is read-only from the CNC and DNC and it can only be used inside a tool-change subroutine. OPMODE Variable...

  • Page 6: The Meaningless Zeros Will Not Be Displayed

    "03 A" or later and whose software version is V08.01 or later. It is not necessary to turn the CNC off and back on or actuate the external switch to update the software version, as indicated in EATURES section 2.2 of the Operating Manual.

  • Page 7: Windnc Improvements

    Card A (d). • From a PC, using the WINDNC application, copy from the CNC to the PC or vice versa, any file, program or table available in the CARDA or hard disk. The available new tables are: OEM arithmetic parameters...

  • Page 8: Telediagnosis

    It must be done through the RS232 serial line and using a modem that has RS232 serial line communication. First, turn on the modem, then the CNC and then the remote PC, in that order. PC connection to the telephone line Connect the PC to the telephone line through a modem and execute the WINDNC application.

  • Page 9: Improvements To The Profile Editor

    While in remote control mode, no other DNC command may be executed through the same serial line (for example the execution of an infinite program). With option (d), it is possible to save into a BMP file a CNC screen image that is being displayed. End the communication (End telediagnosis) To end the communication, select option (e) from those associated to the serial line in the WINDNC application.

  • Page 10: New Variables

    To modify machine parameters from the PLC, an OEM subroutine containing the relevant variables must be executed using the CNCEX instruction. In order for the CNC to assume the new values, one must operate according to the indicators associated with each machine parameter.
  • Page 11 CNC. (PLCMM4 = 1) It sets mark M4 to "1" and leaves the rest untouched (PLCM4 = 1) It sets mark M4 to "1" and the following 31 marks (M5, through M35) to "0" Feedback related variables ASIN(X-C) "A"...

  • Page 12: New Range Of Oem Subroutines

    Variables related to the WGDRAW application PANEDI Number of the screen created by the user or by the OEM using the WGDRAW application for diagnosis, consultation, work cycle, etc, that is being consulted. Is read-only from the CNC, DNC and PLC.

  • Page 13: Improved Non-Random Tool Magazine Management

    For that, select the parameter page of the desired drive at the CNC and press the relevant softkey. A file saved from the CNC via WINDNC may be loaded into the drive via DDSSETUP and vice versa. 16 User and OEM arithmetic parameters There are now two new ranges of global arithmetic parameters.

  • Page 14: Exponential Type Of Leadscrew Backlash Peak

    On the TC and TCO models, when using OEM parameters in the configuration programs, these programs must have the [O] attribute. If they don't, an error will be issued when editing a user cycle that refers to OEM parameters in write mode.

  • Page 15: Functions Associated To Machine Safety

    By default, all bits are set to "0". 18 Functions associated to machine safety 18.1 Limit the feedrate of the axes and the spindle speed It is possible to limit the feedrate of the axes and the spindle turning speed. FLIMIT (P75) The a.m.p.
  • Page 16 • When programming "G92 S" in ISO code in TC mode. • In TC mode, when a new speed limit is defined in the "SMAX" field. The speed limits entered via CNC, PLC (PLCSL) and DNC (DNCSL) keep the same functionality and priority unaffected by the new MDISL variable;...

  • Page 17: Axes (2) Controlled By A Drive

    From this version on, since sometimes the turning direction of the two axes may be different, the sign of the command for each axis will taken into account [the one set by a.m.p “LOOPCHG (P26)”].

  • Page 18: Synchronize A Plc Axis With A Cnc Axis

    PLC as long as a block or a part-program is not being executed or simulated. TOOL Number of the active tool NXTOOL Number of the next tool that is selected, but waiting for the execution of an M06 to become active.

  • Page 19: Minimum Step "L" In Cycles G83, G60 And G61

    G83 X Z I B D K H C L R G60 X Z I B Q A J D K H C S L R G61 X Z I B Q A J D K H C S L R It is an optional parameter used with "R"...

  • Page 20: Path Jog Mode

    "Path JOG" acts at the continuous and incremental jog positions of the selector switch. "Path JOG" may be used to act upon the jog keys of an axis to move both axes of the plane at the same time for chamfering (straight sections) and rounding (curved sections).

  • Page 21: Tool Inspection

    Considerations It assumes as axis feedrate the one selected in JOG mode and it is affected by the override. If F0 is selected, it assumes the one indicated by a.m.p. “JOGFEED (P43)”. The [Rapid] key is ignored.

  • Page 22: New Instructions In The Configuration Language

    It is programmed as a prefix of the instructions ;(W1=GUP100) It may be used to associate the "W1" data with the value of a global parameter, variable or resource of the PLC and the "W1" element is assigned the editing focus.
  • Page 23 To enter or modify a data on the screens, it must be selected and it must have the editing focus. To select another editable data or field, use the [ ] [ ]. It is a rotary selection, if the first element is selected on the screen, when...

  • Page 24: Configuration

    To add a parameter to the list, select the row for the parameter, enter the definition code indicated later on and press [Enter]. If it is valid, the rest of the fields are updated and if not, it issues a warning.
  • Page 25 The "hidden" channels are not shown graphically (they are not shown on the screen after the data capture). It is useful when using this channel to set the trigger condition. CNC variables that may be assigned to a channel...
  • Page 26 It indicates the number of sample to be captured. It is common to all the channels. Value between 1 and 1024. samples The sample will be taken at the same time in all the channels so they are synchronized. Sample T It indicates the sampe period or the time period between data captures.
  • Page 27 If this option is selected all the signals appear superimposed, with a single graphic zero located at the center of the screen. During the analysis of the signals, it is possible to change modes by pressing the [M] key. CNC machine parameters that may be modified...

  • Page 28: Scale / Offsets

    DNC or even edited. When saving or loading a configuration, the CNC first checks if the file already exists in User RAM and if not, it will look for it in the Memkey Card. Several configurations may be saved in the configuration file. Each configuration must be assigned a name of up to 40 characters.

  • Page 29: Analysis

    To modify the time base of all the signals, use the [ ] [ ] keys to place the focus in the "t/div" field. Then use the [...

  • Page 30: Actions

    If the password to the machine parameters has been defined (SETUPPSW), it will be requested when modifying a parameter for the first time. If entered correctly, it is stored in memory and it is not requested again unless the CNC is turned off. If the password is wrong, the parameter cannot be modified and it will be requested again the next time.

  • Page 31: Tc Model. Execute A Part-Program

    With “MAINTASF (P162)=1”, the CNC acts as follows: • It assumes the G94/G95 feedrate set by g.m.p. "IFEED (P14)", but it restores the F in mm/min (G94) and the F in mm/rev (G95) programmed last. • It maintains the feedrate type G96/G97 used last, but it restores the S in rev/min (G97) and the S in m/min (G96) programmed last.

  • Page 32: Tc Model. Modifications In The Turning Cycle

    When NOT editing the active tool, it is possible: To modify the I, K and D data. Select another tool (T xx Recall) and modify its I, K and D data. Program in tool inspection. When editing the active tool, it is possible: To modify the I and K data.

  • Page 33: Tc Model. Modifications In The Facing Cycle

    A third definition level has been created for easier data entry demanding less calculation from the operator. EATURES It is defined like the first level, except for the taper surface to be T: 8. machined. The final diameter and the taper angle are defined on the first level.

  • Page 34: Tc Model. Modifications In The Tapping Cycle

    38 TC model. Modifications in the tapping cycle Standard threads On all the levels except in face threading, it is possible to enter the diameter so the CNC calculates the corresponding pitch and depth. A new field (window) may be used to select the type of standard thread.
  • Page 35 6,0000 0,2362 3,2478 3,6804 80,0000 3,1496 6,0000 0,2362 3,2478 3,6804 Depth in inside threads = 0.5413 x Pitch Depth in outside threads = 0.6134 x Pitch Fine pitch metric thread: M (S.I.F.) Diameter Pitch Depth (mm) (mm) (inches) (mm) (inches)
  • Page 36 0,3636 5,9141 5,9141 The threads must be defined in mm or inches. For example, to define a 1/16 pitch Whitworth thread, enter the value of 1.5875 mm or 0.0625 inches. The CNC calculates the pitch and the depth according to these formulae: Pitch in mm = 25.4 / number of edges...
  • Page 37 0,2000 3,2527 3,2527 The threads must be defined in mm or inches. For example, to define a 3/16 pitch Whitworth thread, enter the value of 4.7625 mm or 0.1875 inches. The CNC calculates the pitch and the depth according to these formulae: Pitch in mm = 25.4 / number of edges...
  • Page 38 Depth in inside threads = 0.5413 x Pitch Depth in outside threads = 0.6134 x Pitch Repeat the last threading pass. The finishing zone of all the levels includes a new icon that offers the EATURES possibility to repeat the last pass.

  • Page 39: Tc Model. Modifications To The Grooving Cycle

    "0" value, it means that the thread only has one entry. The syntax of the ISO instructions is now: · G86-G87: X Z Q R I B [D L] C [J A V] It does not affect thread repair.

  • Page 40: Tc Model. Modifications In The Profile Cycle

    • Depth stock ( x) or ( z). • Side stock ( ) and the number of passes (N) to remove that stock It is machined as follows: • Roughing operation leaving the indicated side stock ( ) and depth stock ( x) or ( z).
  • Page 41 Grooving 4 Cut-off COCYZ Drilling 1 Drilling 2 Drilling 3 Drilling 4 Drilling 5 COCYPOS Positioning 1 Positioning 2 COCYPROF Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 Profile 4 COCYGROO EATURES T: 8. TC model. Cycle selection Page 37 of 46...
  • Page 42 User notes: EATURES T: 8. Page 38 of 46...

  • Page 43: Detected Errors

    8.11 ERSION Detected errors A.m.p. DFORMAT (P1) The installation manual shows wrong work units. The right work units are: Value Work units Format in Format in Format in degrees inches radius radius radius radius It is not displayed diameters diameters diameters Connector X4.
  • Page 44 The values of variables POS(X-C) and TPOS(X-C) are in the following units. • They are read from the CNC in radius or diameter depending on the setting of a.m.p. "DFORMAT (P1)". • They are always read in radius from the PLC.

  • Page 45: New Validation Codes

    When the probe pulse is detected, the following error is not reset, thus making the probe stop more smoothly. PROBEDEF (P168) It defines the type of stop for the probing moves. It has 16 bits. Bit 16 selects the selected type of stop. PROBEDEF xxxx xxxx xxxx xxx 0/1 0 Standard Stop.

  • Page 46: New Management Of The Distance-Coded Reference Mark (I0)

    • The position of the axis to be compensated. • The amount of error of the axis at that point. In the positive direction. • The amount of error of the axis at that point. In the negative direction.

  • Page 47: Parameters Accessible From The Oscilloscope Or Oem Subroutine

    Software compatibility with respect to version V8.11: • When updating from a version older than V8.11. It maintains the values of the error in the positive direction of the tables and assigns a zero error in the negative direction to all the points.

  • Page 48: Sampling Period

    Sampling period From this version on, on the 8055/C and 8055i/C models that do not have the CPU turbo, it is possible to set a sampling period of 2 milliseconds g.m.p. “LOOPTIME (P72)”. The following values may be allocated to plc.m.p. "CPUTIME (P26) that sets the time the System CPU dedicates to the PLC when programming a "LOOPTIME = 2 ms":...
  • Page 49 User notes: EATURES T: 8.1 Page 45 of 46...
  • Page 50 User notes: EATURES T: 8.1 Page 46 of 46...
  • Page 51 Operating Manual (TC option) Ref. 0204-ing...
  • Page 52 The information described in this manual may be subject to variations due to technical modifications. FAGOR AUTOMATION, S.Coop. Ltda. reserves the right to modify the contents of the manual without prior notice.
  • Page 53 General ........................2 1.2.1 Management of text program P999997 ............... 4 Power-up ........................5 Operating in T mode with TC keyboard ..............6 Video OFF ........................6 Handling the CYCLE-START key ................6 2. OPERATING IN JOG MODE Introduction ......................2 Axis Control ......................
  • Page 54 Level 1. Profile definition ................... 55 3.11.2 Level 2. Profile definition ................... 56 3.11.3 Level 2. Optimizing of the machining of a profile ............57 3.11.4 Geometry definition. Levels 1, 2. ZX profile ............... 58 3.11.5 Basic operation. Levels 1,2. ZX profile ..............61 3.11.6...
  • Page 55 Seeing the operations in detail .................. 3 Edit a new part-program .................... 4 4.3.1 Storage of an ISO block or a cycle ................4 Erasing a part-program ....................5 Copy a part-program in another ................. 5 Modifying a part-program ..................6 4.6.1...
  • Page 56 Selecting the spindle’s operating mode Selecting single or automatic execution mode The JOG key Enables Moving the axes of the machine Governing the spindle Modifying the feedrate of the axes and the spindle speed Starting and stopping execution Chapter 1 - page 1...
  • Page 57 "Memkey Card" (CARD A). Also routines 0000 a 8999 are free for use and routines 9000 to 9999 are reserved for the CNC itself. Some of the programs reserved for the CNC itself have the following meaning: Warning: Programs P999997 and P999998 are associated with the software version.
  • Page 58 All the phrases and texts displayed on the different screens in the TC mode. The help texts for the icons in work cycles shown at the bottom left side of the screen. The messages (MSG) and errors (ERR) to be issued at the TC model.
  • Page 59 On power-up, the CNC copies the texts of program P999997 into the system memory. It checks if program P999997 is in the user memory. If it is not, it looks in "CARD A", if it is not there either, it assumes the ones provided by default and it copies them into the P999997 program of the user memory.
  • Page 60 If there is no «page 0», the CNC will display the standard screen for the selected work mode. There are two operating modes: TC mode and T mode. To switch from one mode to the other, press The standard TC mode screen is: Warning CNC setting should be done in T mode.
  • Page 61 In order to avoid unwanted executions when keying sequences not supported in the TC mode, the CNC changes the color of the "CYCLE START" icon located at the top of the window from green to grey and it shows a message indicating that it is an invalid action.
  • Page 62 TC work mode Operating in JOG mode 2. OPERATING IN JOG MODE The standard TC operating mode screen is: If one presses key The CNC displays the special TC operating mode screen. Chapter 2 - page 1...
  • Page 63 * The real spindle rpm, S1000 or the real rpm of the second spindle, S2 1000 5.- The information shown in this window depends on the position of the left-hand switch. In all cases it shows the feedrate of the «F» axes that has been selected and the % of F being applied.
  • Page 64 * The theoretical turning speed selected. «S» value when working in rpm. and «CSS» value when working at constant surface speed. * The condition of the spindle. This is represented by an icon and can be turning to the right, to the left or idle.
  • Page 65 PLC messages 3.- The CNC messages are shown in this window. 4.- In manual operating mode this window does not display any data, but during execution, it shows the lines of the program being executed. 5.- The X, Z and C axes have the following fields:...
  • Page 66 TC work mode Operating in JOG mode Introduction 6.- This window shows the state of the «G» functions and the auxiliary functions «M» that are activated. It also displays the value of variables. PARTC States the number of consecutive parts that have been executed with the same program.
  • Page 67 2.2 AXIS CONTROL 2.2.1 WORK UNITS Whenever the TC work mode is accessed, the CNC assumes the work units, «mm or inches», «radii or diameters», «millimeters/minute or millimeters/revolution», etc., that are selected by machine parameter. To modify these values, the "T" mode has to be accessed, modifying the relevant machine parameter.
  • Page 68 Otherwise the CNC will display the relevant error. Home search on a single axis To carry out the search for machine reference zero for only one axis the key for the required axis should be pressed as well as the key for machine reference zero search.
  • Page 69 JOG key is pressed. * If the PLC sets this mark at a high logic level (24V), the axis will start to move when the JOG key is pressed and will not stop until said JOG key or another JOG key is pressed again, and in this case the movement is transferred to what is indicated by the next key pressed.
  • Page 70 INCREMENTAL JOG Place the left-hand switch in one of the positions Incremental movement must be done axis to axis. To do this press the JOG key for the direction of the axis to be moved. Each time a key is pressed, the corresponding axis moves the amount set by the switch. This movement effects the «F»...
  • Page 71 CNC might be demanded to move the axis faster than the maximum permitted. In that case, the CNC will move the axis the indicated distance but it will limit the axis speed to that maximum value.
  • Page 72 When using a FAGOR handwheel with an axis selector button, the axis may be selected as follows: Push the button on the back of the handwheel. The CNC select the first axis and it highlights it. When pressing the button again, the CNC selects the next axis and so on in a rotary fashion.
  • Page 73 2.4.3.2 PATH HANDWHEEL MODE With this feature, it is possible to jog two axes at the same time along a linear path (chamfer) or circular path (rounding) with a single handwheel. The CNC assumes as the path handwheel the general handwheel or, when this one is missing, the one associated with the Z axis.
  • Page 74 2.4.3.3 FEED HANDWHEEL MODE Usually, when making a part for the first time, the machine feedrate is controlled by means of the feedrate override switch. From this version on, it is also possible to use the machine handwheels to control that feedrate. This way, the machining feedrate will depend on how fast the handwheel is turned.
  • Page 75 CHANGE POSITION This window displays the following information: > In large characters, the number "T" of the selected tool and a graphic representation of its tip. > The offset number «D» associated with the tool. > The selected rpm "S" for the live tool .
  • Page 76 Define the general machine parameter P71 "TAFTERS" = YES so that the tool is selected after executing the subroutine. The movement to the change point, block N3, is carried out only when an operation of cycle of the TC mode is being executed.
  • Page 77 This feature allows the tool change to be made beside the part, thus avoiding movements to a change point farther away from the same. To allow this: Define text 47 of the program 999997 for the CNC to request the coordinates on X and Z of the change point. For example: ;47 $CHANGE POSITION These coordinates should always refer to machine reference zero (home), for the zero offsets not to affect the tool change point.
  • Page 78 3.- Help graphics for defining the tool geometry. 4.- Current status of the machine. Actual X, Z coordinates, actual axis feedrate F, actual spindle speed S and currently selected tool T. 5.- Tool number, offset number, family and location code (shape).
  • Page 79 (tool number) · If it is defined, the values stored in the tool table will be displayed. · If it is not defined, all the data will be reset to "0". Define the tool offset «D»: (tool offset number) Select the type of tool using the...
  • Page 80 - Approach the tool to the part until touching it along the Z axis and press - The tool is now calibrated. The CNC updates the X, Z data and sets the I, K data to "0". The actual tool length is (X+I) and (Z+K) and the «I» value must always be in diameter.
  • Page 81 To do this, press , the CNC will display the Tool Calibration screen with the data for the active tool and it is possible to change its data or that of any other tool. To quit this screen, press...
  • Page 82 Bit 5 of the Register 562 (B5 R562) indicates the status of the Here is an example of the section of the PLC program in charge of managing the live tool: ( ) = CNCRD (TOOL, R101, M1) Assigns the number of the active tool to register R101.
  • Page 83 If in TC mode (CUSTOM=1) a live tool is selected (M2) and the "live tool clockwise" key is pressed, (DFU B3R562) ..the PLC reads in R117 the rpm selected for the live tool (LIVRPM) and it assigns them to general parameter P100... It, then, "tells" the CNC to execute block "M45 SP100"...
  • Page 84 The standard TC working mode screen has a window for displaying information about the spindle. Since the CNC allows operating with the spindle in RPM, at Constant Surface Speed or in the Spindle Orientation mode, the information being displayed will be different for each mode.
  • Page 85 Enter the range number to be selected and press Note: When the machine does not have spindle ranges this message is superfluous. For this reason, when text 28 of program 999997 is not defined, the CNC does not display this message.
  • Page 86 2.6.2 CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED In Constant surface speed mode the user sets the tangential speed that there must be at all times between the tool tip and the part. The spindle revolutions therefore depend on the position taken by the tool tip with respect to the turning axis.
  • Page 87 The spindle is started The CNC moves the axes to the F programmed. As the X axis is moved, the CNC makes the spindle speed (rpm.) match to maintain the constant surface speed selected. If the tool tip moves away from the turning axis the spindle revolutions therefore go down, and if it gets nearer, they go up.
  • Page 88 Enter the range number to be selected and press When the machine does not have a range changer, this message is superfluous. That's why the CNC does not show this message when text 28 of program 999997 is not defined.
  • Page 89 To select this operating mode, press the key for spindle orientation: The spindle will stop (if it was turning), it then searches home and, finally, it turns to the angular position indicated at the lower right-hand side of the screen (the top figure shows 20º ).
  • Page 90 PLC program. The CNC will inform the PLC of the status of each one of the keys. The relevant Register bit will have value 1 when the key is pressed and value 0 when this is not pressed.
  • Page 91 The CNC displays a window at the bottom of the standard (or special) screen An ISO coded block may be edited in this window to be executed later on, like in MDI in the "T" mode. To access the ISO mode, while working with operations or cycles, press once and while working in JOG mode, press that key twice.
  • Page 92 When pressing any other key, the CNC selects the corresponding standard machining cycle, changes the screen and lights up the lamp of the key just pressed indicating that the cycle has been selected. The machining operations or cycles that can be selected with each one of these keys are:...
  • Page 93 The coordinates for axis X are defined in operating units, radii or diameters. Later on, in each one of the operations or cycles, the units in which the data associated with axis X (safety distance, pass, excess stock, etc.) are displayed.
  • Page 94 The CNC outputs the M8 function to the PLC. means turning the coolant off. The CNC outputs the M9 function to the PLC. Once the operation or the cycle is completed or the part program it belongs to, the CNC outputs the M9 function to the PLC.
  • Page 95 The CNC updates the "D" offset and the adjacent icon, displaying the graphic representation for the location code associated with the new tool. Tool calibration may also be accessed to consult or change the data corresponding to the selected tool. To do this, position over the "T" field and press...
  • Page 96 3.1.3 CYCLE LEVEL All the cycles have several editing levels. Each level has its own screen and the main window of the cycle indicates (with tabs) the available levels and which one is currently selected. To change levels, use the key or the "Page up"...
  • Page 97 BACKGROUND EDITING OF CYCLES It is possible to edit an operation or cycle while running a part-program (background editing). The new operation edited may be stored as part of the part-program (other than the one being executed). No operation being edited in the background may be executed or simulated, or the current position of the machine be assigned to a coordinate.
  • Page 98 The type of feedrate, fast or at the F stated The auxiliary functions to be executed before and after positioning To change levels, use the key or the "Page up" and "Page down" keys to scroll up and down through the different levels. Chapter 3 - page 7...
  • Page 99 Manually enter the value. Enter the value required and press b) Assign the present position of the machine. Move the axis, by means of the handwheel or the JOG keys, to the point required. The top right-hand window shows the tool coordinate at all times.
  • Page 100 Manually enter the value. Key in the value required and press b) Assign the present position of the machine. Move the axis, by means of the handwheel or the JOG keys, to the point required. The top right-hand window displays the tool coordinate at all times.
  • Page 101 3.4.2 Basic operation Safety distance In order to prevent collisions with the part, the CNC allows a part approach point to be set. The safety distance indicates the approach point coordinate with respect to the starting point (Xi, Zi). The value of the safety distance on X is always defined in radii.
  • Page 102 The part finishing is done with the machining conditions set for finishing; axis feedrate (F), spindle speed (S), turning direction. 6.- Once the operation or cycle has ended, the tool will return to the position it occupied when the cycle was called upon, that is, the point where was pressed.
  • Page 103 Manually enter the value. Key in the value required and press b) Assign the present machine position. Move the axis by means of the handwheel or the JOG keys to the point required. The top right- hand window displays the machine position at all times.
  • Page 104 Z coordinate (Zf) equal to the finishing stock. This operation is done with the conditions set for the roughing operation; nevertheless, the CNC calculates the real pass for all the facing passes to be equal. This pass will be equal to or under the defined value .
  • Page 105 TC work mode Facing cycle 3.5.2 Basic operation 6.- Once the operation or cycle has ended, the tool will return to the position it occupied when the cycle was called upon, that is, the point where was pressed. Obviously, when executing a complete part, a combination of operations or cycles, the tool does not return to that point after executing each cycle.
  • Page 106 A definition is needed for The coordinates of the starting point. The coordinates of the end point. To change levels, use the key or the "Page up" and "Page down" keys to scroll up and down through the different levels. Chapter 3 - page 15...
  • Page 107 Internal taper To modify the type of taper move over this icon and press Whenever the type of taper is changed the CNC modifies the icon and displays the relevant geometrical help screen. Shape of the part before and after the tapered section The icons define the type of section before and after the tapered section.
  • Page 108 Move onto this data item, type in the value required and press Safety Distance In order to avoid collisions with the part, the CNC allows a point for approach to the part to be defined. The Safety Distance indicates the position of the approach point with respect to the theoretical corner.
  • Page 109 3.6.1 Definition of geometry Finishing stocks in X-Z It is possible to define a single finishing stock that will be applied depending on the cutter edge or 2 finishing stocks, one per axis (X, Z). Use the icon of the finishing area to select the type of finishing stock.
  • Page 110 Nevertheless, the CNC calculates the real pass so that all the passes are equal. This pass will be equal to or under the one defined . Each taper pass is done as shown in the figure, starting at point “1” and after going through points “2”, “3” and “4”, ending at point “5”.
  • Page 111 TC work mode Taper cycle 3.6.2 Basic operation 6.- Once the operation or cycle has ended, the tool will return to the position it occupied when the cycle was called upon, that is, the point where was pressed. Obviously, when executing a complete part, a combination of operations or cycles, the tool does not return to that point after executing each cycle.
  • Page 112 A definition is needed for The coordinates of the starting point The coordinates of the end point. The rounding radius. To change levels, use the key or the "Page up" and "Page down" keys to scroll up and down through the different levels. Chapter 3 - page 21...
  • Page 113 To m odi f y t he wor k quadr a nt m ove ont o t he i con and pr e s s . The CNC will display the next icon available.
  • Page 114 Rounding cycle 3.7.1 Definition of geometry Coordinates of the theoretical corner or the starting point (Xi, Zi) and coordinates of the end point (Xf, Zf) The coordinates are defined one by one. After moving onto the coordinates of the axis required to be defined, one can: a) Manually enter the value.
  • Page 115 3.7.1 Definition of geometry Finishing stocks in X-Z It is possible to define a single finishing stock that will be applied depending on the cutter edge or 2 finishing stocks, one per axis (X, Z). Use the icon of the finishing area to select the type of finishing stock.
  • Page 116 Nevertheless, the CNC calculates the real pass so that all the passes are equal. This pass will be equal to or under the one defined . Each taper pass is done as shown in the figure, starting at point “1” and after going through points “2”, “3” and “4”, ending at point “5”.
  • Page 117 TC work mode Rounding cycle 3.7.2 Basic operation 6.-Once the operation or cycle has ended, the tool will return to the position it occupied when the cycle was called upon, that is, the point where was pressed. Obviously, when executing a complete part, a combination of operations or cycles, the tool does not return to that point after executing each cycle.
  • Page 118 Operating with operations or cycles Threading cycle 3.8 THREADING CYCLE To select the Positioning cycle press This cycle can be defined in four different ways: Level 1. Longitudinal threading A definition is needed for: The coordinates of the starting point...
  • Page 119 Z coordinate of the root of the thread Spindle angular position at the root of the thread To change levels, use the key or the "Page up" and "Page down" keys to scroll up and down through the different levels. Chapter 3 - page 28...
  • Page 120 Manually enter the value. Key in the value required and press b) Assign the present machine position Move the axis by means of the handwheel or the JOG keys, to the required point. The top right hand window shows the position of the tool at all times.
  • Page 121 Safety distance In order to prevent collisions with the part, the CNC allows an approach point to the part to be established. The safety distance indicates the position of the approach point with respect to the theoretical corner.
  • Page 122 Zigzag To define the type of penetration, move onto this icon and press If penetration type «Per flank» or «zigzag» is selected, the CNC will ask for the angle ( ) of penetration of the cutter. In the case of threading cycle Level 1, the type of penetration is always radial.
  • Page 123 100% stable. > Fast backwards to the approach point. 5.- Once the operation or cycle has ended, the tool will return to the position it occupied when the cycle was called upon, that is, the point where was pressed.
  • Page 124 3.- The tool approaches at fast feedrate up to the starting point, keeping the safety distance selected according to axes X and Z. 4.- Threading is done is successive passes until the full depth is reached. The depth of each pass depends on the model selected.
  • Page 125 100% stable. > Fast backwards to the approach point. 5.- Once the operation or cycle has ended, the tool will return to the position it occupied when the cycle was called upon, that is, the point where was pressed.
  • Page 126 It is enough to orient the spindle once after power-up for the CNC to know the spindle position. Key: With the spindle stopped, take the tool to be used for thread repair to one of the roots of the thread. Once at this point, take these two values: Z coordinate at the root.
  • Page 127 Operating with operations or cycles TC work mode Grooving cycle 3.9 GROOVING CYCLE To select grooving cycle press Cylindrical grooves and frontal grooves can be made with vertical and incline walls: Level 1. Longitudinal grooving GEAR One must define: The coordinates of the starting point and those of the end point...
  • Page 128 Offset To change levels, use the key or the "Page up" and "Page down" keys to scroll up and down through the different levels. Chapter 3 - page 37...
  • Page 129 The left-hand corner of the cutter is calibrated. Location code F3 The right-hand corner of the cutter is calibrated. Location code F1 Calibration is made only according to axis X, the CNC assumes the center of the cutter to be the point calibrated. Location code F2...
  • Page 130 Manually enter the value. Key in the required value and press b) Assign the present position of the machine. Move the axis by means of the handwheel or JOG keys, to the point required. The top right- hand window shows the position of the tool at all times.
  • Page 131 To define this, move on to the data item, key in the required value and press Safety distance In order to prevent collisions with the part, the CNC allows a point of approach to the part to be defined. The safety distance indicates the position of the approach point with respect to the initial corner.
  • Page 132 With the «Number of Grooves» and «Offset» data, the same groove may be repeated along the Z axis on longitudinal grooving or along the X axis on face grooving. If the initial groove is tapered, Xi different from Xf, that taper is maintained for the rest of the grooves.
  • Page 133 This operation is done with the conditions set for the roughing operation; nevertheless, the CNC calculates the real pass so that all the grooving passes are equal. This pass will be equal to or less than the one defined .
  • Page 134 (T), axis feed (F) and spindle speed (S). Some points to consider: If T0 is selected as roughing tool, the cycle does not execute the roughing operation. This means that after approaching the finishing operation is carried out. If T0 is selected as finishing tool, the cycle does not execute the finishing operation. This means that after the roughing operation the tool moves to the approach point, keeping the safety distance with respect to the starting point (Xi, Zi).
  • Page 135 3.10 Drilling and tapping cycles 3.10 DRILLING AND TAPPING CYCLES To select the Drilling cycle and the Tapping cycle press Depending on the type of machine and how the CNC machine parameters have been set, up to 5 cycles magy be available: Drilling Cycle.
  • Page 136 The angular positions of the holes The total number of holes Level 5. Multiple slot milling Cycle. Multiple slots may be milled out on the side of the part or on its face. A definition is needed for The coordinates of the first point...
  • Page 137 Manually enter the value. Key in the required value and press b) Assign the present position of the machine. Move the axis by means of the handwheel or the JOG key up to the point required. The top right-hand window shows the tool position at all times.
  • Page 138 Dimensions of the slot (L, I) "L" indicates the length of the slot and "I" its depth. To define them, position over the corresponding data (L or I), key in the value and press Penetration feedrate (F) Position over this data, key in the desired value and press...
  • Page 139 ”, the third one “K (K )” and so on. In other words, from the second peck on, the new peck will be the result of multiplying the previous peck by K . > Fast approach up to 1 mm before the previous deepening.
  • Page 140 The spindle must have a servo-motor-drive system and an encoder 5.- Reversal of the spindle turning direction. If a dwell time at the bottom has been defined, the spindle stops, and after this time the spindle starts in the other direction.
  • Page 141 BASIC OPERATION. MULTIPLE DRILLING CYCLE The machining steps for this cycle are: 1.- If the spindle is working in open loop (RPM or CSS mode) the CNC stops the spindle and performs a home search on the spindle (Io). 2.- If the operation was programmed with another tool, the CNC performs a tool change moving the axes to the tool change position if so required by the machine.
  • Page 142 3.10 Drilling and tapping cycles 3.10.4 Basic operation. Multiple tapping cycle 10.- Once the operation or cycle has ended, the tool will return to the position it occupied when the cycle was called upon, that is, the point where was pressed.
  • Page 143 BASIC OPERATION. MULTIPLE TAPPING CYCLE The machining steps for this cycle are: 1.- If the spindle is working in open loop (RPM or CSS mode) the CNC stops the spindle and performs a home search on the spindle (Io). 2.- If the operation was programmed with another tool, the CNC performs a tool change moving the axes to the tool change position if so required by the machine.
  • Page 144 BASIC OPERATION. MULTIPLE SLOT MILLING CYCLE The machining steps for this cycle are: 1.- If the spindle is working in open loop (RPM or CSS mode) the CNC stops the spindle and performs a home search on the spindle (Io).
  • Page 145 TC work mode 3.11 Profile cycle 3.11 PROFILE CYCLE To select the profile cycle press This cycle can be defined in four ways: Level 1. Defining all the points of the profile. Level 2. Using a part-program which contains the profile.
  • Page 146 To modify the type of machining move onto this icon and press In the case of the rounded corner the rounding radius (R) has to be defined and in the case of the chamfer the distance from the theoretical corner up to the point where the chamfer is to be made (C).
  • Page 147 To edit a new "Program", key in the program number (between 0 and 999) and press The CNC will display the window for the profile editor (to see how to use it, see the Operation manual, models T-TC, chapter 4 «Editing», in the «Profile Editor» section.
  • Page 148 When the part profile is known, it is recommended to define both profiles, that of the rough part and the desired final profile. It will be machined faster since it only removes the material delimited by the two profiles.
  • Page 149 To modify the type of machining move onto the icon and press In paraxial machining (one axis at a time), the tool penetration feedrate must be defined for the "valleys". The machining feedrate will be the one indicated in the window for roughing and finishing.
  • Page 150 Manually enter the value. Key in the required value and press b) Assign the present position of the machine. Move the axis by means of the handwheel or the JOG keys up to the point required. The top right-hand window displays the tool position at all times.
  • Page 151 3.11.4 Geometry definition. Levels 1, 2. ZX profile Finishing stocks in X-Z It is possible to define a single finishing stock that will be applied depending on the cutter edge or 2 finishing stocks, one per axis (X, Z). Use the icon of the finishing area to select the type of finishing stock.
  • Page 152 2.- The spindle starts at the speed selected and in the direction indicated. 3.- The tool approaches at fast feedrate up to the starting point, (X, Z) keeping the safety distance selected as per axes X and Z.
  • Page 153 Operating with operations or cycles TC work mode 3.11 Profile cycle 3.11.6 Level 1. Example 3.11.6 LEVEL 1. EXAMPLE Geometry definition External profile Working quadrant Type of machining Profile definition X 12.0000 X 43.0000 Z - 0.0000 Z - 37.5000 6.0000...
  • Page 154 LEVEL 2. EXAMPLES Geometry definition External profile Work quadrant Type of machining Profile definition Abscissa and ordinate of the starting point Z = 0 X = 0 Section 1 ..........Straight..Z = 0 X = 16 Section 2 ..........Straight..
  • Page 155 Section 1 ..........Straight Z = 80 X = 50 Section 2 ..........Straight Z = 60 X = 50 Section 3 ......Clockwise circular pattern Z = 40 X = 90 Z =60 X =90 Radius=20 center center Section 4 ..........Straight...
  • Page 156 Section 3..Clockwise circular pattern....Zc = 50 Xc = 190 Radius = 30 Tang. = Yes The CNC displays the possible options for section 2. Select the right one Section 4.....Straight........Z = 20 X = 220 Tangent = Yes The CNC displays the tangent options between sections 3-4.
  • Page 157 Section 4 ......Straight ..Z = 20 X = 220 Tangent = Yes The CNC shows the possible tangency options between sections 3 and 4. Select the proper one. Section 5 ......Straight ..Z = 0 X = 220...
  • Page 158 Section 1..Counterclockwise circular pattern..Zc = 150 Xc = 0 Radius = 30 Section 2...........Straight....Angle = 195 Tangent = Yes The CNC displays the tangent options possible between sections 1-2. Select the right one Section 3..Clockwise circular pattern....Radius = 20 Tangent = Yes Section 4..........
  • Page 159 Abscissa and ordinate of the starting point....Z = 128 X = 0 Sect i on 1..Count e r c l ockwi s e ci r cul a r pat t e r n ..Z...
  • Page 160 Each of these programs consists of the interlinking of elementary operations or cycles and/or blocks edited in ISO code. The form of editing or defining said operations or cycles is explained in the chapter on "working with operations or cycles".
  • Page 161 On the left there is a list of part-programs that are stored in the CNC’s memory. When there are more programs than those displayed in the window, use keys move the pointer over the list of programs. To go forward or backward page by page use the following combinations of keys The right-hand column will display the cycles and/or the ISO blocks that said part consists of.
  • Page 162 4.2.1 Seeing the operations in detail 4.2 SEE CONTENT OF A PROGRAM To see the content of a part-program, select this with the pointer from the left-hand column. To do this use The right -hand column will display the cycles which said part consists of: If you press the pointergoes on to the right-hand column.
  • Page 163 4.3.1 STORAGE OF AN ISO BLOCK OR A CYCLE An ISO block or a cycle may be added at the end of the program, after the last operation, or inserted between 2 existing operations. To store an operation the following steps must be taken:...
  • Page 164 This must be a number between 1 and 899999, and both numbers can be used. * If there is already a part-program with said number, the CNC will display a message at the bottom, asking if this should be replaced or if you wish to cancel the operation.
  • Page 165 * Use the pointer to select the operation to be moved from the right-hand column. * Press The CNC will display this operation in highlighted text. * Place the cursor after the operation which the operation is to be moved to and press Example: You have You want 1.- Positioning cycle 2...
  • Page 166 * Define the desired block or cycle, assigning this the relevant data. * Press to access the list of part-programs stored. * Move over the operation after which the block or cycle is to be stored and press 4.6.4 MODIFYING AN ALREADY EXISTING OPERATION To modify an operation take the following steps: * Use the pointer to select, in the right-hand column, the block or cycle to be modified.
  • Page 167 Execution and simulation 5. EXECUTION AND SIMULATION Simulation allows graphic reproduction of a part-program or an operation with the data that has been defined. By means of simulation, one can thus check the part-program or the operation before executing or storing this and consequently correct or modify the data: The CNC allows a part-program or any operation to be executed or simulated.
  • Page 168 Execution mode Edition Mode Simulation The operation or cycle can be simulated in both operating modes. To do this press The CNC will display the graphic representation page for the "T" model. Execution An operation or cycle can only be executed in the cycle execution mode.
  • Page 169 To simulate or execute a part program, proceed as follows: * Press to access the list of the stored part-programs. * Select the program in the left column and the first operation to be executed or simulated in the right column. Press to simulate the part program, and to execute it.
  • Page 170 If you press the CNC displays the special TC operating mode screen. After selection, the operation or part can be executed as many times as necessary. To do this, after execution once more press During execution of the operation or part one can press to access the graphic representation mode.
  • Page 171 Move the tool to the tool change position by means of the keys or the handwheels. Select another tool In order to make the tool change, the standard screen for the TC mode must be selected. Press The CNC will highlight the tool number.
  • Page 172 Type of graphics. Can be "X-Z", "X-C", "Z-C", "Solid X-Z", "Solid X-C" and "Solid Z-C" The "X-Z", "X-C" and "Z-C" graphics are line graphics which use colored lines to describe tool tip movement.
  • Page 173 CNC to assume said value, press Colors of the path. This only applies in line graphics (not solid). It enables selection of colors to represent fast feedrate, path with no compensation, path with compensation and threading.
  • Page 174 Self-teaching Manual (TC option) Ref. 0112-ing...
  • Page 175 3.4.4.- Continuous JOG. mm/turn ...…………………………………………...……...18 3.4.5.- Rapid jog key ………………………………………………………….………19 3.5.- Tools …………………………………………………….………………….……..20 3.5.1.- Tool selection ………………………………….……………………….……...20 3.5.2.- Tool calibration ………………………………………….…………….………22 3.5.3.- How to change any data on the tool table ..….……………………….………25 3.5.4.- Tool change position …………………………………...……..……….………26 3.6.- Checking for proper calibration ………………………………….………………. 27...
  • Page 176 Chapter 4 Automatic operations 4.1.- Operation keys ………….……..………………………………………………...… 3 4.2.- Work modes .……………………..……………………….……………………….. 5 4.3.- Example of an automatic operation. Taper turning …….………………..…...…….6 4.3.1.- Edit an operation .……………………………………………………………….6 4.3.2.- Simulate an operation …………..……………………...……………..………. 10 4.3.3.- Execute an operation …………………………………………………………..14 Chapter 5 Summary of work cycles 5.1.- Positioning cycles ……….……………………………….……….………………...2...
  • Page 177 Chapter 1 Theory on CNC machines...
  • Page 178 Theory on CNC machines TC Model This chapter describes: • How to name the axes of the machine. • What machine reference zero and part zero are. • What “Home Search” is. • What travel limits are. • How to preset a part zero.
  • Page 179 Theory on CNC machines TC Model 1.1 Machine Axes. Z axis: Along the machine. X axis: Across the machine. Chapter 1 Page 3 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 180 ): Is set by the manufacturer and it is the origin point for the axes. – Part zero (O ): Is set by the operator. It is the part’s origin or datum point with respect to which the movements are programmed. It could be set anywhere on the part.
  • Page 181 When the CNC is off, the axes may be moved by hand or by accident. In these situations, the CNC no longer keeps track of the real position of the axes. That is why a “Home Search” should be carried out on power-up.
  • Page 182 – Hard limits: Mechanical limits set on the machine to prevent the carriage from moving beyond the ways. – CNC limits: Set at the CNC by the manufacturer to prevent the carriage from running into the machine’s hard limits. Hard limits...
  • Page 183 Theory on CNC machines TC Model 1.5 Part zero preset. It is easier to program movements from a part zero. The part zero is only set on the Z axis. : Machine Ref. zero. : Part zero. Chapter 1 Page 7...
  • Page 184 TC Model 1.6 Programming units. The movement units are set by the machine manufacturer in mm or inches. millimeters inches The programming units for the X axis are set by the machine manufacturer in radius or diameter. Radius Diameter X=0 Z=0...
  • Page 185 TC Model 1.7 Spindle speed. It could be defined in two ways: –Cutting speed (V): It is the linear speed between the part and the tool at the contact point. –Turning speed (N): It is the angular speed of the part.
  • Page 186 Theory on CNC machines TC Model To work at CSS, two things must be borne in mind: The part zero must be at the part’s turning axis so that the calculated turning speed is the same as the best cutting speed.
  • Page 187 – mm/min: The axis feedrate is independent from the spindle speed. NOTE It is recommended to work at Constant Surface Speed (CSS) and with the feedrate in mm/rev. This way, the tool lasts longer and the resulting part finish is better. Chapter 1 Page 11 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 188 Chapter 2 Theory on tools...
  • Page 189 TC Model This chapter describes: • What the tool turret is. • What the tool table is and what information it contains. • What tool presetting is. • Defects due to errors in the tool table. > Due to wrong tool calibration.
  • Page 190 When manual, the tool change is carried out like on a conventional machine. When automatic, all the tools will be placed on the turret and the CNC will rotate the whole turret to put the tool at the work position.
  • Page 191 When changing the tool, the CNC takes this tool information. The information kept in the tool table refers to: T, D, X, Z, I, K, A, B, C, R, F: T: Tool number. D: Table storing tool data.
  • Page 192 Theory on tools TC Model X: Tool length (in radius) along the X axis A: Cutter angle. Z: Tool length along the Z axis. B: Cutter width. C: Cutting angle. Tool Ref. I: Tool wear along the X axis. K: Tool wear along the Z axis.
  • Page 193 Theory on tools TC Model F: Location code or tool shape as it has been calibrated. Once the tool dimensions are known; The CNC must know which is the calibration point for that tool (location code) to compensate for the shaded area (radius compensation).
  • Page 194 Theory on tools TC Model Most common location codes. Chapter 2 Page 7 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 195 Theory on tools TC Model Chapter 2 Page 8 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 196 Theory on tools TC Model Most common location codes. Chapter 2 Page 9 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 197 Theory on tools TC Model Chapter 2 Page 10 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 198 TC Model 2.3 Tool calibration. By calibrating a tool, we indicate to the CNC the tool dimensions. It is essential to carry this operation out properly for obtaining the parts with the right dimensions and for controlling the same point after changing a tool.
  • Page 199 Theory on tools TC Model DEFECTS DUE TO WRONG LENGTH CALIBRATION Part to be machined Tools X1: Real dim. Right part dimensions Z1: Real dim. X2: Wrong dim. Wrong part dimensions Wrong machining Right machining X2<X1(Real dim.) Tools calibrated wrong...
  • Page 200 (radius Theoretical tool tip compensation). When working with the theoretical tool tip, there are machining ridges left. To avoid this, the CNC works with the real tool tip. If the wrong location code is entered, the Working with...
  • Page 201 Theory on tools TC Model DEFECTS DUE TO WRONG RADIUS VALUES Rr: Real radius. Rf: Wrong radius (false). Machining ridges There is residual stock due to the radius difference. Chapter 2 Page 14 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 202 Chapter 3 Hands-on training...
  • Page 203 > What the speed ranges (gears) are. > How to operate at CSS or in RPM. • How to jog the axes. (Handwheels, incremental and continuous JOG, etc.) • How to handle tools. > Types of tool changer. (Manual or automatic).
  • Page 204 If this screen is not displayed, it is because the CNC is in T mode. To enter in TC mode, press: Screen for the TC mode. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 2 Section 2.3 Chapter 3 Page 3 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 205 TC Model 3.1.2 Keyboard description. 1.- Keys to define the machining operations. 2.- Keys for external devices: Live tool and work modes for the spindle (RPM/CSS). 3.- Alphanumeric keyboard and command keys. 4.-Operator panel. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 2 Section 2.1...
  • Page 206 ) and start-up. Spindle speed override percentage ( 4. Keys for CYCLE START ( ) and CYCLE STOP ( 5. Axis feedrate override percentage. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 2 Section 2.1 Chapter 3 Page 5 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 207 (In position, Execution, Interrupted or Reset) and PLC. 2.- CNC messages. 3.- Tool position referred to part zero and to home. Actual (real) spindle rpm. 4.- Selected axis feedrate and applied override %. 5.- Tool information. Active tool and tool change position.
  • Page 208 Spindle information: programmed theoretical speed, speed in rpm, speed in m/min. 5.- Status of the active G and M functions. Number of consecutive parts executed with the program (PARTC), execution time for a part or cycle time (CYTIME), and PLC clock (TIMER).
  • Page 209 3.2 Home search. After powering the machine up, carry out the “Home Search” just in case the axes of the machine have moved while the CNC was off. A “Home Search” can be carried out in two ways. 3.2.1 Maintaining the part zero.
  • Page 210 Hands-on training TC Model 3.2.2 Without maintaining the part-zero. The “Home Search” is carried out on one axis at a time. 1st.-The CNC does not know the possition of the 2nd.-Home search on the X axis. carriages. X?, Z? different from the displayed X, Z.
  • Page 211 Press to select the work mode. 3.3.1 Speed ranges (gears). With this CNC the machine can have a gear box. By means of RANGES, we can choose the best gear ratio for the programmed spindle speed. Constant Power Constant Power...
  • Page 212 Selected speed. Applied percentage and turning direction. Maximum turning speed. Active spindle range. Use the following keys of the operator panel to start the spindle. Start the spindle clockwise. Stop the spindle. Start the spindle counter-clockwise. Increase or decrease the override percentage applied to the spindle turning speed.
  • Page 213 3.3.3 Work at Constant Surface Speed. (CSS) Before programming the cutting speed, the working speed range must be selected. The CNC assumes the current range by default. Once the change is completed, enter the CSS mode and press To select the cutting speed (m/min) , press:...
  • Page 214 Stop the spindle. Spindle counter-clockwise. Increases or decreases the applied override % to the turning speed. Depending on the position of the axes, the turning speed will be different: If X decreases, the RPM increase. If X increases, the RPM decrease.
  • Page 215 The axes move in according to the axes the turning of the machine. direction of the (Section 1.1) handwheels. JOG keys Handwheel To select the jog mode, use the selector switch: Handwheel jog Incremental movement Continuous movement Chapter 3 Page 14 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 216 D i s t a n c e p e r lin e o f P O S I T I O N t h e h a n d w h e e l d i a l 1 m i c r o n .
  • Page 217 Hands-on training TC Model 3.4.2 Incremental JOG. Every time a JOG key is pressed, the axis will move the selected increment at the programmed feedrate. (in rapid, if F=0). – Select the distance to move at the selector. ( position) –...
  • Page 218 3.4.3 Continuous JOG. mm/min. – Enter the feedrate value: + 120 <Feedrate value> + – Change the % override of the axes with the selector switch in position. – Jog the axes with the JOG keys. Actual displacement: 60 mm/min (50%)
  • Page 219 The CNC calculates the theoretical feedrate in mm/min and moves the axes at that speed. 3.- If the spindle is stopped and no S speed has been selected, the axes will not move. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 3 Section 3.4.1...
  • Page 220 Hands-on training TC Model 3.4.5 Rapid jog key. – Jog the axes with the JOG keys and press the rapid jog key ( The axes move as fast as possible (set by the machine manufacturer). Actual displacement: In rapid Rapid jog key...
  • Page 221 – Change the tool on the machine. Remove the old tool Put the new tool in – Press – Enter the tool number so the CNC assumes the values of the corresponding tool table. – Press NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 3 Section 3.5.1...
  • Page 222 No tool has to be removed. – Press – Enter the tool number. – Press – The CNC rotates the turret until the new tool is in work position. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 3 Section 3.5.1 Chapter 3 Page 21 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 223 Hands-on training TC Model 3.5.2 Tool calibration. – Just before calibrating the tools, a “Home Search” must be carried out on all axes. Homing the X Homing the Z axis. axis. Home Home – To calibrate a tool, a part previously turned and faced is needed.
  • Page 224 Dimensions of the part used for tool calibration. Calibration tool tip (location code). NOTE Tool dimensions. To move the cursor, use: To change icons, press NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 3 Section 3.5.2 Chapter 3 Page 23 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 225 3.- Select the tool to be calibrated. + (tool number) + 4.- Jog the axes until touching the part along the X axis. Press: The CNC shows the tool length along the X axis. 5.- Jog the axes until touching the part along the Z axis. Press: The CNC shows the tool length along the Z axis.
  • Page 226 Hands-on training TC Model 3.5.3 How to change any data on the tool table. To change the values (T, D, A, B, C, R, Location code, I, K), enter the calibration mode and press: + (Tool number) + The CNC shows the data for that tool.
  • Page 227 • + (Z Value) + When a tool change is required and if the machine manufacturer has set it this way, the CNC will move the axes to this position for a tool change. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 3 Section 3.5.1.1...
  • Page 228 – Start the spindle and touch the part diameter with several tools while checking the value on the screen. – The tools are different but the value on the screen must be the same. Chapter 3 Page 27 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 229 Chapter 4 Automatic Operations...
  • Page 230 • Which are the various work modes. • Taper turning example. > How to edit the parameters of the operation and what they mean. > How to simulate an operation and which are the graphic parameters. > How to execute an operation.
  • Page 231 Automatic operations TC Model 4.1 Operation keys. Layout of the automatic function keys Chapter 4 Page 3 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 232 Automatic operations TC Model Operation keys: Grooving. Threading. Rounding. Taper turning. Facing. Turning Positioning. Drilling/Tapping. Profile. Cycle level selection within an operation. Chapter 4 Page 4 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 233 Editing the parameters of the Simulation of an operation or operation or cycle. cycle. ( Simulation of an operation or Execution of an operation or cycle.( cycle. ( NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.2 Chapter 4 Page 5 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 234 Work cycle. Actual axes position Cutting conditions. Help graphics. Cycle geometry definition. Roughing conditions. Spindle status. Finishing conditions. – Use the key to select the cycle level to be executed. (Only in certain operations). Chapter 4 Page 6 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 235 “S” data. Press it again to select the maximum spindle speed. After making this selection: •If it is a data or a coordinate, key in the new value and press •If it is an icon, press until the desired one is selected and then NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.1...
  • Page 236 •Type of taper. :Outside taper :Inside taper When changing the type of taper, the graphic assistance also changes. •Type of section before and after the taper turning. When changing the type of section, the graphic assistance also changes. Chapter 4 Page 8...
  • Page 237 : Facing. When changing the machining direction, the graphic help also changes. NOTE: When selecting an icon, its meaning appears at the bottom of the screen. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.6.1 Chapter 4 Page 9...
  • Page 238 TC Model 4.3.2 Simulate an operation. It is used for checking the tool path on the screen. – Press . The CNC will display the graphics menu. To access the various options, press their corresponding keys: Funtion: Key: To begin simulating, press The simulating speed is selected with the FEED selector.
  • Page 239 •Type of graphics. – “X-Z” graphics. The tool path is represented by color lines. NOTE: When carrying out this simulation, the screen shows only half of the part. This is because only the tool tip path is represented (not the part). Graphics NOTE: To check the part dimensions on the simulation screen, the simulation must be carried out with a tool whose nose radius is R=0.
  • Page 240 –Once the data has been set, press •ZOOM. It is used for enlarging or reducing the drawing or part of it. The new display area is selected by means of a window superimposed on the shown tool path. –To enlarge or reduce the drawing, use the keys for “ZOOM+” and “ZOOM-”.
  • Page 241 Simulation speed: For selecting the % override of the simulation speed being applied. Tool path colors: For changing the tool path colors on “X-Z” graphics. Colors for solid graphics: For changing the colors of the tool and the part on “Solid X-Z” graphics. •Clear screen.
  • Page 242 Automatic operations TC Model 4.3.3 Execute an operation. The operations can be executed from beginning to end or a pass at a time. This choice is made with To start the execution, enter into “Execution mode” and press Once execution has started: : Interrupts the execution.
  • Page 243 – The top of the CNC screen displays the message: INSPECTION. Jog the tool with the jog keys or the handwheels. – Once in “Tool Inspection”, it is possible to move the axes, check or change the tool, stop or start the spindle and change the tool wear value.
  • Page 244 Automatic operations TC Model Modifying the tool wear value. With this option, the I, K values may be changed. The entered values are incremental and will be added to those stored previously. – Press . The CNC shows the table for that tool.
  • Page 245 Chapter 5 Summary of work cycles...
  • Page 246 TC Model 5.1 Positioning cycles. In this cycle level, it is possible to define the auxiliary functions to be executed before and after the movement. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.3 Chapter 5 Page 2 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 247 Summary of work cycles TC Model 5.2 Turning cycle NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.4 Chapter 5 Page 3 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 248 Summary of work cycles TC Model 5.3 Facing cycle. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.5 Chapter 5 Page 4 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 249 In this cycle level, one defines the coordinates of the theoretical corner, the coordinates of the starting point and end taper angle and the final diameter. point. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.6 Chapter 5 Page 5 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 250 In this cycle level, one defines the coordinates of the theoretical corner and coordinates of the starting point and end the rounding radius. point as well as the rounding radius. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.7 Chapter 5 Page 6 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 251 Summary of work cycles TC Model 5.6 Threading cycles. Longitudinal threading. Face threading NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.8 Chapter 5 Page 7 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 252 Summary of work cycles TC Model Face threading Thread repair Only when having spindle orientation. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.8 Chapter 5 Page 8 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 253 Summary of work cycles TC Model 5.7 Grooving cycles. Radial grooving. Face (axial) grooving NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.9 Chapter 5 Page 9 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 254 Summary of work cycles TC Model Radial grooving with incline walls. Face grooving with incline walls. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.9 Chapter 5 Page 10 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 255 TC Model 5.8 Drilling and Tapping cycles. Drilling cycle. Tapping cycle. NOTE: When having spindle orientation, the cycles described in Appendix I will be displayed. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.10 Chapter 5 Page 11 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 256 5.9 Profile cycles. In this cycle level, one defines all the This cycle level uses a part-program points of the profile. containing all the profile data. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.11 Chapter 5 Page 12 Self-teaching manual...
  • Page 257 Chapter 6 Conversational part-programs...
  • Page 258 TC Model This chapter describes: • What a conversational part-program is. • How to edit it. • How to change it. (Inserting or deleting operations). • Simulate/execute an operation. • Simulate/execute starting at a particular operation. • Simulate/execute a part-program.
  • Page 259 TC Model 6.1 What is a conversational part-program? It is a set of operations ordered secuentially. Each operation is defined separately and they are then stored one after the other in a program The name of the part-program can be any integer between 1 - 899999.
  • Page 260 Conversational part-programs TC Model 6.2 Edit a part-program. To edit a part-program, we first choose the operations needed to execute the part. A part may be executed in various ways. Taper turning Rounding Turning Profile Different solutions for the same part...
  • Page 261 Conversational part-programs TC Model Once the sequence of operations has been chosen (in this case, we will make the previous example), the part-program is built by editing the operations one by one. MODE (Key in the number) + + (Comment) + v.g : <555>...
  • Page 262 Conversational part-programs TC Model Choose the operation and define the parameters Repeat these steps with the other operations. In our case, the finished part-program will be: Program number Chapter 6 Page 6 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 263 Modify the operation parameters like in the editing mode. The CNC requests The new operation an option. replaces the previous Choose one. REPLACE. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 5 Section 5.6.4 Chapter 6 Page 7 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 264 INSERT AN OPERATION Define the parameters Choose Choose operation position and cutting conditions of operation inserted. Press The new operation is inserted after chosen position. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 5 Section 5.6.3 Chapter 6 Page 8 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 265 Conversational part-programs TC Model Operations can be deleted from a part-program. DELETE AN OPERATION Select, on the right column, the operation to be deleted. The CNC requests confirmation NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 5 Section 5.6.1 Chapter 6 Page 9...
  • Page 266 Conversational part-programs TC Model The position of an operation can also be changed. CHANGE THE POSITION OF AN OPERATION Select, on the right column, the operation to be moved. Select the new position The operation is inserted behind operation occupying that position.
  • Page 267 Select, on the right column, the operation to be SIMULATED: Graphics screen More information about the graphics screen in chapter 4.3.2 of this manual. Select, on the right column, the operation to be EXECUTED: NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 6 Section 6.3...
  • Page 268 Conversational part-programs TC Model 6.5 Simulate/execute starting at a particular operation. Select, on the right column, the operation where the SIMULATION is to be started: Graphics screen More information about the graphics screen in chapter 4.3.2 of this manual. Select, on the right column, the operation where the EXECUTION is to be started: NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 6 Section 6.2.1...
  • Page 269 Select, on the left column, the part-program to be SIMULATED: Graphics screen More information about the graphics screen in chapter 4.3.2 of this manual. Select, on the left column, the part-program to be EXECUTED: NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 6 Section 6.2...
  • Page 270 Conversational part-programs TC Model 6.7 Copy a part-program into another one. Select, on the left column, the part-program to be COPIED: Key in the number and comment of the new program. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 5 Section 5.5...
  • Page 271 Conversational part-programs TC Model 6.8 Delete a part-program. Select, on the left column, the part-program to be deleted: The CNC requests confirmation. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 5 Section 5.4 Chapter 6 Page 15 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 272 Appendix I ther machining operations on a lathe...
  • Page 273 For this type of machining operations, the machine must have a spindle which can be oriented and a live tool. If the machine has these features, the CNC menu will offer the “Multiple drilling” and “Slot milling” choices when accessing the “Drilling cycle”.
  • Page 274 I.2 Spindle orientation. With this feature, the spindle can be oriented to the desired angular position for drilling holes and milling slots both on the face of the part or on its turning surface. The CNC shows the following information: Selected turning speed.
  • Page 275 Other machinig operations on a lathe TC Model I.3 Live tool. When selecting this type of tool, the CNC shows the following information: Tool number. Live tool turning speed Tool change position. To enter the live tool turning speed, press to select the tool window.
  • Page 276 Other machinig operations on a lathe TC Model I.4 Multiple drilling. Multiple drilling on the turning surface. Multiple drilling on the face. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.10/4.10.4 Appendix I. Page 5 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 277 Other machinig operations on a lathe TC Model I.5 Multiple tapping. Multiple tapping on the turning surface. Multiple trapping on the face. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.10/4.10.5 Appendix I. Page 6 Self-teaching Manual...
  • Page 278 Other machinig operations on a lathe TC Model I.6 Slot milling. Slot milling on the turning surface. Slot milling on the face. NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.10/4.10.6 Appendix I. Page 7 Self-teaching Manual...

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