Solmetric PV Analyzer PVA-1500 V3 User Manual
  1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. Solmetric Manuals
  4. GPS
  5. PVA-1500V3
  6. User manual

Solmetric PV Analyzer PVA-1500 V3 User Manual

Hide thumbs Also See for PV Analyzer PVA-1500 V3:
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

Download this manual
Solmetric PV Analyzer
I-V Curve Tracer
™
User's Guide
™
PVA-1500 S/V2/V3/V4/T with SolSensor
300/300V2
™
PVA-1000S with SolSensor
200
+
™
PVA-600
with SolSensor
i

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading
Need help?

Need help?

Do you have a question about the PV Analyzer PVA-1500 V3 and is the answer not in the manual?

Questions and answers

Related Manuals for Solmetric PV Analyzer PVA-1500 V3

Summary of Contents for Solmetric PV Analyzer PVA-1500 V3

  • Page 1 Solmetric PV Analyzer I-V Curve Tracer ™ User’s Guide ™ PVA-1500 S/V2/V3/V4/T with SolSensor 300/300V2 ™ PVA-1000S with SolSensor ™ PVA-600 with SolSensor...
  • Page 2 PVA Software Version 4.15 or higher Software Title October 2022 Solmetric remains the owner of all right, title and interest in the PC Software, Embedded Software, and Documentation. The PV Analyzer is Made in the USA. Archival or Backup Copies of PC Software...
  • Page 3 ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS, warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for LOST SAVINGS, INJURY, DEATH, OR OTHER a period of one year. During the warranty period, Solmetric INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES will, at its option, either repair or replace products which ARISING FROM THE USE OF OR THE INABILITY TO prove to be defective.
  • Page 4 This license agreement may be modified only in writing and written documentation must be signed by Buyer and Solmetric. In the event of litigation between Buyer and Solmetric concerning the PC Software, Embedded Software, Hardware, or Documentation, the prevailing party in the litigation will be entitled to recover attorney fees and expenses from the other party.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Getting Started Contents 1 GETTING STARTED ............................1-8 ................................1-8 VERVIEW ....................1-9 OMPUTER INIMUM YSTEM EQUIREMENTS ................................1-10 QUIPMENT Curve Tracer Equipment (PVA-1500xx, PVA-1000S, PVA-600 ) ..............1-10 SolSensor Equipment ............................1-10 ..............................1-11 PECIFICATIONS PVA-1500xx I-V Measurement Unit Specifications ..................1-11 PVA-1500xx Test Lead and Clip Specifications ....................
  • Page 6 Getting Started Using PV Connector Saver Jumpers......................1-28 PV/Electrical Safety Precautions ........................ 1-29 Battery Precautions ............................. 1-30 Measuring High-Efficiency PV Modules ....................1-30 PVA-600 Precautions ............................ 1-30 Using PV Connector Saver Jumpers......................1-30 PV/Electrical Safety Precautions ........................ 1-31 Battery Precautions ............................. 1-32 Measuring High-Efficiency PV Modules ....................
  • Page 7 Getting Started ....................2-63 EVERSE OLARITY OR OLTS ETECTION 3 SOFTWARE OVERVIEW ..........................3-64 ..............................3-64 SING ROJECTS ............................ 3-65 SING THE YSTEM ............................ 3-65 CREEN VERVIEW ................................3-66 File Menu ................................ 3-66 Browse Project ............................3-66 Recent Projects ............................3-66 Export Trace for Active Measurement .......................
  • Page 8 Getting Started Measure the open circuit voltage Voc ......................4-102 Place the I-V Unit near the PV circuits to be measured ................4-103 Connect the test leads to the PVA ......................... 4-103 Launch the PVA software ..........................4-103 Load your Project ............................4-103 Insert the wireless USB adapter (PVA-1000S and PVA-600+) ..............
  • Page 9 Getting Started ..............................7-130 NTRODUCTION PV M ..........................7-130 NPUTS TO THE ODEL I-V C ..........................7-130 URVE ERMINOLOGY Performance Factor ............................7-131 Fill Factor ..............................7-131 I-V C ....................... 7-132 HAPE OF A ORMAL URVE I-V C ..........................7-133 NTERPRETING URVES 1.
  • Page 10 Getting Started 4. I .................... 1-35 IGURE NSTALLATION DEFAULT LOCATION DIALOG 5. I ....................1-36 IGURE NSERT WIRELESS ADAPTER DIALOG 6. I (PVA-600+ PVA-1000S ) ..........1-36 IGURE NSERT WIRELESS ADAPTER ONLY 7. I ......................1-37 IGURE NSTALLATION COMPLETE DIALOG 8.
  • Page 11 Getting Started 47. T ............................. 3-86 IGURE ABLE TAB 48. H ............................3-87 IGURE ISTORY TAB 49. M ............................3-89 IGURE EST TAB 50. H ..............3-91 IGURE EADER NFORMATION SECTION OF THE EXPORTED CSV FILE 51. T ..........3-92 IGURE EASUREMENT VS ODEL SECTION OF THE EXPORTED CSV FILE...
  • Page 12 1500V4, and PVA-1500T. When you see “PVA-1500V2/V3/V4/T” it is referring to all four models: PVA-1500V2, PVA-1500V3, PVA-1500V4 and PVA-1500T. The Solmetric PV Analyzer is a portable electrical test instrument designed for commissioning and troubleshooting PV arrays. It measures the current-voltage (I-V) curves of PV modules and strings and immediately compares the results to the predictions of built-in PV models.

  • Page 13: Getting Started

    This data is stored and managed using the same type of array tree touch interface as the I-V measurement results. On its website Solmetric posts notices of software updates. It’s a good idea to check this NOTE from time to time by visiting Solmetric.com.

  • Page 14: Equipment

    I-V Measurement Unit • Soft Case • Wireless USB Adapter (not required or provided with PVA-1500xx) • PVA Software Application (available at http://www.solmetric.com/downloads- pva.html) • AC Wall Plug Charger • MC-4 to MC-4 Connector-Saver Cable (2) • Test leads, MC-4 to 4mm banana plug with plug-on alligator clips (for PVA- 1000S and PVA-600+, rated to 1000V DC, 1 set) •...

  • Page 15: Specifications

    Getting Started Specifications PVA-1500xx I-V Measurement Unit Specifications Safety Rating: Measuring Category CAT III 1500V (applies to the I-V Measurement Unit only. Refer to the PVA-1500xx Test Lead and Clip Specifications section on page 1-13 for their unique specifications). Table 1. PVA-1500xx electrical and mechanical specifications Parameter PVA-1500S/V2/V3/V4 PVA-1500T...
  • Page 16 Getting Started Parameter PVA-1500S/V2/V3/V4 PVA-1500T controlled) controlled) Wireless range (open line of sight) 100m 100m Operating temperature range 0 to +45ºC 0 to +45ºC Storage temperature range -20 to +65ºC -20 to +65ºC Operating humidity <90% RH, non- <90% RH, non- condensing.

  • Page 17: Pva-1500Xx Test Lead And Clip Specifications

    50 % relative humidity at 40 °C Pollution degree Altitude Up to 2000 m Lead length 152 cm Lead colors Positive = red, negative = black Manufacturer (test leads and Dolphin clips) Staubli *Use only test leads and clips provided by Solmetric for the PVA-1500xx. 1-13...

  • Page 18: Pva-1000S I-V Measurement Unit Specifications

    Getting Started PVA-1000S I-V Measurement Unit Specifications Safety Rating: Measuring Category CATIII 1000V. Table 3. PVA-1000S electrical and mechanical specifications Parameter Specification 20 – 1000 V Voltage range Current range (Isc) 0 – 20 A or 0 – 30 A (optional) for module efficiency <...
  • Page 19 Getting Started Parameter Specification Weight 5.4 kg (including soft case, test leads & charger) Height 38 cm (not including primary PV leads) Width 20 cm (not including handle) Depth 13 cm (not including gear pouch) High efficiency modules have high capacitance which can cause a large in-rush current when I-V curves are measured.

  • Page 20: Specifications

    Getting Started PVA-600 Specifications Safety Rating: Measuring Category CATIII 600V. Table 4. PVA-600 electrical and mechanical specifications Parameter Specification Current range (Isc) 0 – 20 A for module efficiency < 19% 0 – 10 A for module efficiency ≥ 19% Voltage Measurement Range (Voc) 20 to 600 V dc Load Type...

  • Page 21: Solsensor 200/300/300V2 Specifications

    Measurement range Accuracy Typically, ±2% when used to predict the performance of well characterized poly- and monocrystalline PV modules with direct irradiance >600W/m . Contact Solmetric Application Engineering for more information on accurate irradiance measurements. Resolution 1 W/m Measurement interval 0.1 s (Measurement bandwidth approximately...

  • Page 22: Safety And Regulatory

    Getting Started Parameter SolSensor Specification Measurement synchronization with Typically, less than 1s I-V curve Wireless range (open line of sight) SolSensor 200: 100m in US. 75m in Europe. SolSensor 300/300V2: 100m Operating temperature range 0 to 45ºC Storage temperature range -20 to 65ºC Operating humidity <90% RH, non-condensing.

  • Page 23: Declaration Of Conformity

    Getting Started CAUTION A Caution calls attention to a procedure that, if not performed correctly, could result in damage to, or destruction of, the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. NOTE A Note provides important or special information.

  • Page 24: Declaration Of Conformity

    Getting Started CAUTION A Caution calls attention to a procedure that, if not performed correctly, could result in damage to, or destruction of, the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. NOTE A Note provides important or special information.

  • Page 25: Declaration Of Conformity

    Getting Started WARNING A Warning calls attention to a procedure, which, if not performed correctly, could result in personal injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. CAUTION A Caution calls attention to a procedure that, if not performed correctly, could result in damage to, or destruction of, the instrument.

  • Page 26: Solsensor 300 And Solsensor 300V2 Safety And Regulatory

    Getting Started SolSensor 300 and SolSensor 300V2 Safety and Regulatory Warnings, Cautions, and Notes Before operating SolSensor, familiarize yourself with the following notations. WARNING A Warning calls attention to a procedure, which, if not performed correctly, could result in personal injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

  • Page 27: Solsensor (Original) Safety And Regulatory

    Getting Started The cTUVus mark signifies that the product has been thoroughly tested and specifically certified to comply with the electrical and fire safety regulations of Canada and the United States. The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for you to refer to instructions in the manual.

  • Page 28: Instrument Markings

    Getting Started Instrument Markings The SolSensor has the following markings on the front and/or rear panel. Familiarize yourself with these markings before operating the SolSensor. The cTUVus mark signifies that the product has been thoroughly tested and specifically certified to comply with the electrical and fire safety regulations of Canada and the United States.

  • Page 29: Precautions

    PVA-1500xx Precautions Using Test Leads and Clips Use only the test leads and clips specifically provided by Solmetric for use with the PVA- 1500xx. These leads and clips are specially rated for use at voltages up to 1500V and 30A DC. The test leads are labeled as shown in Figure 1 below.

  • Page 30: Using Pv Connector Saver Jumpers

    Replace them with fresh connector-saver jumpers, which can be ordered from Solmetric. Using the connector-saver jumpers as described here will extend the life of the PVA- 1500xx PV connectors by 100 times.
  • Page 31 1000S, which are rated only to 1000v. WARNING Do not remove instrument covers. There are no user serviceable parts within. Operation of the instrument in a manner not specified by Solmetric may result in personal injury or loss of life. •...

  • Page 32: Battery Precautions

    Contact your local environmental control or disposal agency for further details. WARNING Only use the battery charger supplied by Solmetric. Measuring High-Efficiency PV Modules High-efficiency PV modules have high capacitance and can produce a short but intense inrush current at the start of the I-V measurement.

  • Page 33: Pv/Electrical Safety Precautions

    Getting Started PV/Electrical Safety Precautions Installed PV systems are not consistent in design or construction. Therefore, the guidance provided in this section is general in nature, and it is critical that you apply techniques and precautions appropriate to the circumstances, following best PV/electrical safety precautions.

  • Page 34: Battery Precautions

    Getting Started WARNING Do not remove instrument covers. There are no user serviceable parts within. Operation of the instrument in a manner not specified by Solmetric may result in personal injury or loss of life. • Do not use the I-V Unit if it is damaged. Always inspect for damage before using.

  • Page 35: Pv/Electrical Safety Precautions

    Replace them with fresh connector-saver jumpers, which can be ordered from Solmetric. Using the connector-saver jumpers as described here will extend the life of the PVA-600 PV connectors by 100 times.

  • Page 36: Battery Precautions

    WARNING Do not remove instrument covers. There are no user serviceable parts within. Operation of the instrument in a manner not specified by Solmetric may result in personal injury or loss of life. • Do not use the I-V Measurement Unit if it is damaged. Always inspect for damage before using.

  • Page 37: Cleaning The Irradiance Sensor

    SolSensor contains a small lithium battery and should not be disposed of with general refuse. Dispose of the battery in accordance with all local codes and regulations for products containing lithium batteries. Contact your local environmental control or disposal agency for further details. WARNING Only use the battery charger supplied by Solmetric. 1-33...

  • Page 38: Installation Procedure

    USB flash drive or run setup.exe from the Run dialog. Alternately, the installation file is available at http://www.solmetric.com/downloads-pva.html. Figure 2. Welcome screen Follow the instructions in the welcome screen to install the PVA software. The drivers for the wireless USB adapter will also be installed.

  • Page 39: Figure 3. Prerequisites Dialog

    Getting Started Figure 3. Prerequisites dialog After you start the installation, the following dialog appears for selecting the installation location. A default location is provided. Figure 4. Installation default location dialog Partway through the installation of the PVA-1000S or PVA-600+, the following screen will appear, asking you to insert the wireless USB adapter that will communicate with the I-V Unit.

  • Page 40: Figure 5. Insert Wireless Usb

    Getting Started Figure 5. Insert wireless USB adapter dialog Insert the wireless USB adapter shown below. NOTE If you are working with a PVA-1000S or PVA-600 and the Wireless USB Adapter is not available, you can complete the basic software installation by clicking Cancel. You will be asked whether the software installed correctly.

  • Page 41: Figure 7. Installation Complete Dialog

    Getting Started Figure 7. Installation complete dialog If the Run Solmetric PV analyzer box is selected, the PVA software will launch when you click Finish. Alternately, you can start the PVA software by double- clicking on the shortcut icon on your desktop as shown in 10.

  • Page 42: Figure 9. Splash Screen

    Getting Started Figure 9. Splash screen 12. When the initialization is complete, the screen shown in Figure 10 will appear. Figure 10. The software user interface shared by the PVA-1500xx, PVA-1000S (shown here), and PVA-600 During installation, the directory structure shown below was created in your Documents directory.

  • Page 43: Updating The Pv Equipment Databases

    If your PC is connected to the internet when you start the PVA software, the software will check whether updated PV module equipment databases are available to be downloaded from Solmetric. Downloading takes only a few moments, and you do not need to restart your computer.

  • Page 44: Charging The Solsensor 300Xx Battery

    Getting Started checking the battery level, make sure the I-V Unit has been turned on for at least 30 seconds. The software user interface displays the Disabled alert (below the Measure Now button) when the battery is nearing the end of its charge. In this state, no measurements can be taken.

  • Page 45: Charging The Solsensor Battery Of The Original Solsensor

    Getting Started Figure 14. Battery charger connector on the I-V Measurement Unit Charging the battery can take up to 6 hours. If you are using your I-V Measurement Unit heavily, we suggest you charge it each night. The PVA software interface will warn you when approximately one hour of battery life remains.

  • Page 46: Your Wireless Network

    Getting Started Your Wireless Network Your PVA-1500xx/SolSensor 300xx Wireless Network Communication between your PC and the PVA-1500xx I-V Measurement Unit is by conventional WiFi. The I-V Unit creates a hotspot when you turn it on. Just find that hotspot in your PC's network list and connect to it. The SSID (hotspot name) has the format “pva1500_yyyyyy”...

  • Page 47: Your Pva-1000S/600 /Solsensor Wireless Network

    If you own multiple sets of PV Analyzer equipment, be aware that each is a matched set. To avoid communications problems, keep the set together. A SolSensor 200 can be paired with a different I-V Unit if necessary. Call Solmetric Technical Support for assistance.

  • Page 48: Figure 18. Network Diagrams

    Getting Started Figure 18. Network diagrams For the PVA-1000S/600+ with SolSensor, communication can be direct from the PC to each of the instruments or either of the instruments can act as a relay. The network reconfigures itself automatically to achieve the longest transmission range between your devices.

  • Page 49: Setting Up And Using The I-V Measurement Unit And Solsensor

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor 2 Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor System Controls and Settings The LED pushbutton switch on the I-V Unit, shown in Figure 19, is used to enable, pause, and reset the I-V unit.

  • Page 50: Operational States Of The Pva-1500Xx I-V Unit And Solsensor

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor Operational States of the PVA-1500xx I-V Unit and Solsensor Error! Reference source not found. describes the operational states of these i nstruments. Table 7. Pushbutton LED table for the PVA-1500xx I-V unit and SolSensor LED Behavior Device State Pushbutton Behavior...

  • Page 51: Operational States Of The Pva-1000S & 600

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor If the network connection is lost, the LED blinks rapidly to indicate it’s lost the connection to the PC App. Note when using the PVA-1500V2/V3/V4/T and SolSensor 300V2: if the I-V Unit or SolSensor charger is plugged-in and connected to the PC App and the PC App connection is subsequently lost, the LED will indicate the charge state (either flashing because its charging or solid because its fully charged) as opposed to the flashing state to indicate that it is disconnected from the PC App.

  • Page 52: Setting Up The I-V Measurement Unit

    If necessary, connect alligator clip leads or extension cables to the connector- saver jumpers. Use only clip leads or cables that are rated for at least the maximum current and voltage of the I-V Measurement Unit. The Solmetric PVA test leads are recommended for this application. These heavy-duty armored test leads have MC-4 connectors at one end and 4-mm sheathed banana plugs with jumbo alligator clips at the other end.

  • Page 53: Setting Up Solsensor

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor Setting Up SolSensor Below Figure 20 shows the SolSensor Wireless PV Reference sensor mounted on the frame of a PV module. Figure 20. SolSensor mounted on the frame of a PV module CAUTION: SolSensor contains a sensitive irradiance measurement device that can be damaged by impact or abrasion.

  • Page 54: Mounting Sol Sensor To Apv Module Frame

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor Mounting SolSensor to a PV module frame Below, Figure 21 shows SolSensor attached to a PV module with the Module Frame Clamp and secured with the Tool Lanyard. NOTE Mounting SolSensor along the upper horizontal edge of the module allows you to achieve better irradiance accuracy earlier and later in the day.

  • Page 55: Figure 22. Solsensor Correctly Seated Along The Upper Horizontal Leg Of The Module Frame

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor Figure 22. SolSensor correctly seated along the upper horizontal leg of the module frame. Holding SolSensor in that position, slip the tip of the Module Frame Clamp inside the frame of the module. Seat the tip of the clamp on the flat inner surface of the frame as shown in Figure 23 and not on a shelf or ridge from which it could slip, allowing SolSensor to come loose.

  • Page 56: Figure 24. Thermocouple Plugged Into The Figure 25. Locating The Thermocouple Tip On A Single Free

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor Connect the thermocouple to SolSensor, inserting the yellow plug of the thermocouple wire into the upper left yellow receptacle labeled TC1 (see Figure 24). Figure 24. Thermocouple plugged into the TC1 connector. Tape the tip of the thermocouple into firm contact with the module backside, far enough under the module to avoid the cooler outer edges.

  • Page 57: Figure 26. Sol Sensor Pushbutton With

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor Figure 25. Locating the thermocouple tip on a single free-standing module. Remove the protective cover from SolSensor irradiance sensor. 10. Press the button to turn SolSensor on, as shown in Figure 26. The LED will blink on and off as it attempts a wireless connection, and will glow steadily when the connection is made.

  • Page 58: Optimizing Wireless Transmission Range

    Tripod mounting is also useful when it is not feasible to access the array. In this case you can set the PV Analyzer software to derive the module cell temperature from the measured I-V curve. To deploy SolSensor on a tripod, you will need the following equipment (contact support@solmetric.com for specific equipment recommendations): 2-54...

  • Page 59: Figure 27. Tripod Mounting Setup

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor Sturdy tripod Tripod level indicator This is typically a disc with a bubble level that mounts between the tripod and the rest of the fittings described here. Some tripods have a built-in level indicator.

  • Page 60: Connecting To The Solar Pv Equipment

    A thermocouple extension cable may be useful; contact support@solmetric.com for recommendations. Fully spread the legs of the tripod and seat them firmly.

  • Page 61: Figure 28. Example Of I-V M

    If your strings run directly to the inverter, isolate them from one another and from the inverter by pulling their fuses. Connect the Solmetric PVA test leads to the string to be measured. In some cases, you can attach an alligator clip to the fuse clip, using it as a test point.

  • Page 62: Powering-Up The I-V Measurement Unit

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor If the distance between the test device and the I-V Measurement Unit requires the use of extension cables, use a PV cable that is properly rated for the maximum system voltage, with correctly installed connectors. Select a wire gauge that will result in a suitably small voltage drop.

  • Page 63: I-V Measurements

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor I-V Measurements The I-V Measurement Unit will measure an I-V curve each time you click on the Measure Now button. I-V data is transmitted to the PC shortly after each I-V sweep is taken.

  • Page 64: Sweep-To-Sweep Delay And Thermal Capacity Of The Pva-1500Xx

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor Place the I-V Measurement Unit in the shade to reduce the likelihood of thermal CAUTION shutdown. Never place the I-V Measurement Unit on an asphalt driveway, on a solar panel, or roof in direct sunlight. Sweep-to-Sweep Delay and Thermal Capacity of the PVA-1500xx In order to manage the internal temperature of the I-V unit there is a sweep-to-sweep delay that limits how quickly a subsequent I-V sweep can be made.

  • Page 65: Operating Under High-Temperature Conditions

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor again. Keeping the I-V unit out of the sun and/or moving it to an air conditioned environment will help increase the rate of recovery. CAUTION The rigid grey enclosure of the I-V Measurement Unit (inside the soft case) gets very hot.

  • Page 66: Over-Voltage Warnings

    If a voltage more than 1500 V is detected, the I-V Measurement Unit is internally disabled to prevent continued use of a damaged unit. Resetting or restarting the I-V Measurement Unit will not re-enable it. Please contact Solmetric to arrange for repairs. PVA-600...

  • Page 67: Reverse Polarity Or Zero Volts Detection

    Setting Up and Using the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor Over-current can occur when: Measuring too many strings in parallel Measuring strings that are still electrically connected to the rest of the array or the inverter (for example, when the combiner box DC disconnect is not opened), and Measuring a string of high efficiency (≥...

  • Page 68: Software Overview

    Software Overview 3 Software Overview Using Projects The PV Analyzer stores all of your setup information and measurement results in a specialized Windows file type file type called a Project file. The PV Analyzer software guides you through the steps of creating a Project for a particular array. All PV modules within a Project must be of the same type and must be mounted at the same azimuth.

  • Page 69: Using The System Tree

    Software Overview setting. All dates and times associated with the saved measurement data are preserved even if the Project is subsequently opened in another time zone. Using the System Tree The PV Analyzer provides a very efficient means of saving your data. After each fresh I- V curve measurement is displayed the software also displays a 'tree' representation of your PV system, which you touch or click to tell the software where you took your measurement in the array.

  • Page 70: Menu Bar

    It is organized hierarchically as System\Inverter\Combiner\String IV Data (csv files). Only the last measurement result for each location in the array is exported. Data in this hierarchical format can be analyzed automatically by the Solmetric Data Analysis Tool. 3-66...

  • Page 71: Export Meg Test Data

    Software Overview Export Meg Test Data Exports the Meg test data as a .csv file, for the currently loaded project. New Project Clicking New Project… brings up the Site Info screen, shown in Figure 32. This is the first of three screens of the New Project Wizard. Figure 32.

  • Page 72: Figure 34. Most Common Settings For A Horizontal Single

    Software Overview To clarify what we mean by azimuth in a tracker, imagine that the tracker is stopped at a fixed setting and we want to determine the azimuth at which the modules are oriented. Imagine placing a marble on the module's glass surface, near the upper frame element, and releasing the marble to roll downhill.

  • Page 73: Selecting Your Pv Module

    Software Overview Figure 36. The PV Module screen of the New Project Wizard. Selecting your PV Module Selecting your PV module (Figure 36) makes the module's performance parameters available to the Project so that the software can calculate the expected I-V curve and the Performance Factor.

  • Page 74: Creating The System Tree

    Software Overview Figure 37. Selection of the PV module’s manufacturer and model number, and corresponding list of module performance parameters. Review the 17 parameter values. If edits are needed, use the pencil icon buttons to enter the correct information. After editing, you have the option of renaming that module and saving it in the custom equipment folder.

  • Page 75: Using The Symmetrical Tree Builder

    Software Overview Create the PV model that the software uses to predict expected performance. An example of a finished array tree is shown in Figure 39. For clarity, the names of the 'layers' of the tree have been completely spelled out. In practice you should abbreviate the names so that the so that the 'path names' for your measurements will fit in the software's tree displays and headers and in reasonable-sized spreadsheet cells.

  • Page 76: Figure 40. The Default System Tree In The Figure 41. Controls For Editing The String Wiring Properties Of Your Array Tree

    Software Overview Figure 40. The default system tree in the Symmetrical Tree Builder. Edit the tree so that it matches the design of your PV field. You can change any of the following: • Number of layers in the tree. •...
  • Page 77 Software Overview • Inverters • Combiners (only if the group is under an inverter) • Harnesses (only if the group is under an inverter) • Strings (only if the group is under an inverter) • PV modules (only if the group is under an inverter) Which elements can nest under an Inverter? •...
  • Page 78 Software Overview When you have finished editing the structure of your tree, you can edit the array’s string wiring properties. The controls are shown in Figure 41. Figure 41. Controls for editing the string wiring properties of your array tree. The wiring properties are used by the PV model to calculate the expected I-V curve, but have no impact on the actual I-V curve trace measurement.

  • Page 79: Cloning, Modifying, And Reusing A Previous Project

    Software Overview Cloning, Modifying, and Reusing a Previous Project If you need to create a new Project that will be very similar to one you have done before, you can save time by recycling the earlier project and adjusting it as needed. Follow these instructions.

  • Page 80: View Menu

    Software Overview Figure 43. Properties Menu View Menu Trace view options... These controls select which features are displayed in the Traces screen. Options include: Measured current vs. voltage curve I-V (STC) Measured current vs. voltage curve translated to STC Power vs. voltage curve calculated from measured I-V curve. To show this legend at the bottom of the Traces screen, check "Show legend under chart".

  • Page 81: Table 11. Utility Menu Description

    Software Overview Table 11. Utility menu description Name Description Measurement This dialog is used to switch between connecting to a PVA-1500 via Unit Connectivity WiFi and a PVA-1000 via wireless USB. Calibration Calibration Verification for a description of this dialog. Verification Enable manual Check this menu item to display, as shown here the controls for...
  • Page 82 Software Overview Name Description Global Sensor The controls shown in the figure below allow you to change the Configuration... sensor choices for all of the measurements currently saved in the project. Select the desired sensors from the dropdown lists. CAUTION: This action cannot be undone. Create a backup file before taking this action.
  • Page 83 Software Overview Name Description Configure Set thresholds that the software will automatically check after each measurement is “Assigned and Saved” (but not if the measurement is Measurement only “Assigned”). These alerts are useful for catching problems Alert thresholds… before the user moves on to other circuits or leaves the site. Battery Level…...

  • Page 84: Help Menu

    In addition, the User Guide is available in the Support page of the Solmetric website, under Downloads. About Accesses the software version number and software build date. Please have this information ready if you call Solmetric about your PVA. 3-80...

  • Page 85: Using The Tab Screens

    Software Overview Using the Tab Screens The tabs along the left edge of the screen display measurement data in various ways. The paragraphs below explain how the features of each tab are used. Certain elements are common to more than one tab. These include the Status indicator, the Measure Now button, the Assign and Save...

  • Page 86: Table 13. Traces Tab Description

    Software Overview impact of electrical noise on measurement accuracy. The location of the blue marker is not derived from the PV model. Table 13. Traces tab description Name Description Measurement ID The label just above the graph identifies the displayed I-V trace.
  • Page 87 Software Overview Name Description Assign and Save Before the PV model points for a new measurement can be displayed on the I-V graph, the measurement Reassign must be assigned or saved to a location in the System Tree in the Array Navigator. This allows the model to 'read' information it requires from the Tree, such as the number of PV modules in a string, and the wiring characteristics.
  • Page 88 Software Overview Name Description Searching for I-V Unit When this is displayed, click on the question mark icon for tips on establishing your connection. This (in Status indicator) status should change to Ready within seconds of connecting your PC to the I-V Unit's WiFi hot spot. If PVA-1500xx there is a problem it is typically because they are out of wireless range of one another, or you connected...
  • Page 89 Software Overview Name Description displayed in black, regular font, as shown here: Searching for SolSensor Displayed if the SolSensor 300 is turned off or out of wireless range of the I-V Unit, or the PC has not yet (in SolSensor display area) connected to the I-V Unit hotspot.

  • Page 90: Figure 47. Table Tab

    Software Overview Figure 47. Table tab Table 14. Table tab description Name Description Measured Displays actual measured values most recently measured. Predicted Displays the predicted values from the selected performance model. Meas Translated to STC Displays a translation of the measured parameters to Standard Test Conditions, 1000W/m2 and 25 C.

  • Page 91: History Tab

    Software Overview Name Description Current at the maximum power point. Voltage at the maximum power point. Tilt Tilt of array. Current Ratio The current ratio is a relative indication of the slope of the horizontal leg of the I-V curve. It is defined as I /Isc.

  • Page 92: Meg Test Tab

    Software Overview Name Description Prelim Irrad (W/m Preliminary Irradiance. This is the raw irradiance measured from the SolSensor. It includes calibration and temperature corrections, but does not include the model correction for effective irradiance. It can be useful to compare Preliminary Irradiance to the Modeled Effective Irradiance when there appears to be a problem with the Irradiance reading.

  • Page 93: Figure 49. Meg Test Tab

    Software Overview Figure 49. Meg Test tab 3-89...

  • Page 94: Description Of The Exported I-V Data File

    This section describes the organization of the .csv (comma separated value) file that is created in your hard drive when you export measurements from the PVA software. PV Analyzer users typically analyze their measurement results using the Solmetric I-V Data Analysis Tool (DAT), which automates the analysis and reporting process. You can download a free copy of the DAT by visiting www.solmetric.com/pva-analysis-...

  • Page 95: Figure 50. Headeri

    Software Overview When you export Project data, the PVA software creates a Windows folder tree on your hard drive that has the same hierarchy as your Network Navigator system tree. Your I-V trace data is exported to this folder structure in the form of comma separated value (.csv) files.

  • Page 96: Figure 51. The Measurement Vs

    Software Overview Item Description PVA Measurement Unit MAC The unique network address of the I-V Measurement Unit Address SolSensor MAC Address The unique network address of SolSensor Figure 51 shows the cardinal values of the measured and predicted I-V curves. The abbreviations represent maximum power, maximum power voltage and current, open circuit voltage, and short circuit current.

  • Page 97: Figure 53. Modeld

    Software Overview Table 18. Description of the SolSensor Measurements section of the exported csv file Item Description Irradiance Value of irradiance measured by SolSensor integrated Silicon photodiode sensor. Temperature Thermocouple 1 The temperature reading from the thermocouple plugged into SolSensor TC1 socket. Temperature Thermocouple 2 The temperature reading from the thermocouple plugged into SolSensor TC2 socket.

  • Page 98: Table 19. Description Of The Model Details Section Of The Exported Csv File

    Software Overview Table 19. Description of the Model Details section of the exported csv file Item Description Irradiance used in model The value of irradiance used in the predictive model. Cell temperature used in The value of PV cell temperature used in the predictive model model.

  • Page 99: Basis Of Pv Performance Predictions

    Software Overview Figure 54. The voltage, current, and power data from the I-V measurement Basis of PV Performance Predictions The PVA software predicts the electrical output of the PV source under test (module or string) based on the module performance model parameters, the existing irradiance and temperature, and a number of other factors.

  • Page 100: Irradiance Measurement

    Software Overview Irradiance Measurement SolSensor measurement of irradiance involves these steps: • SolSensor is clamped to the module frame, which orients it in the plane of the array. • The position of the sun relative to the orientation of the irradiance sensor is calculated based on the array azimuth and tilt and the site latitude and longitude.

  • Page 101: Measurement Of I

    PVA sensors. Current is not displayed because it cannot be measured statically by the PVA the way the other values can. Adjustment to the calibrations mush be performed by Solmetric. Figure 55. Calibration Verification dialog...

  • Page 102: Pva Pc Software Updates

    Software Overview PVA PC Software Updates Solmetric website periodically posts notices of software updates. It’s a good idea to check this from time to time by visiting Solmetric.com. Select Support, then Downloads, then documentation. You’ll see a link to download...
  • Page 103 * If you want to be able to upgrade your firmware in the field, you need to return your instruments to Solmetric for a one-time installation of the field-update capable firmware. To manually check which versions of firmware your I-V Unit and SolSensor are running, launch your PVA software, wirelessly connect to the instruments, select Help, then selext Connected Measurement Devices.

  • Page 104: Making Measurements

    Making Measurements 4 Making Measurements Introduction Follow these steps to perform measurements in the field. Also see the Quick Reference Card, located in the gear pouch of the I-V Measurement Unit. Before you go to the field to make measurements Charge the equipment Before going to the field to make measurements, charge both the I-V Measurement Unit and SolSensor overnight.

  • Page 105: Check That You Are Using The Latest Pva Software

    Make sure you have all your equipment Personal Protective Equipment I-V Measurement Unit in its soft case, with a complete set of Solmetric-provided gear in its gear pouch. The pouch should contain PVA test leads, wireless USB adapter (not needed for PVA-1500xx), PVA software on a flash drive, and PV connector tools.

  • Page 106: Making Measurements In The Field

    Making Measurements Performance measurements are best performed in the range of 700-1000 watts per square meter. If possible, choose a day when the skies will be clear. If there are clouds, try to trigger your measurements at moments when there are no clouds near the sun. Also try to do your measurements in a 6-hour window centered on solar noon.

  • Page 107: Place The I-V Unit Near The Pv Circuits To Be Measured

    PV connectors out of the dirt. Connect the alligator clips to the ends of the test leads. Be sure to use only the Staubli Dolphin Clips supplied by Solmetric d with your PVA. Launch the PVA software Double click the PVA icon and the software will start.

  • Page 108: Mount Solsensor

    Making Measurements Mount SolSensor Attach SolSensor to a PV module frame using the provided bar clamp. It must face in the same direction as the PV module itself. Remove the black rubber cover (like a lens cap) that protects the irradiance sensor (the small white disc).

  • Page 109: Turn On Solsensor

    Making Measurements Turn on SolSensor Press and release the LED pushbutton. SolSensor powers up and starts looking for the wireless network. The LED blinks on and off while searching, and turns steady ON after it connects. The original SolSensor connects to the wireless USB adapter plugged into your PC or communicates indirectly using the I-V Unit as a relay station.

  • Page 110: Connect The Test Leads To The Pv Equipment

    Making Measurements tracker orientation for lower irradiance can be an I-V measurement solution in most cases. For more information on high efficiency modules, see the Solmetric app note Curve Tracing of High Efficiency PV Modules. Connect the test leads to the PV equipment Be sure to observe the correct polarities (connect the red test lead to DC positive, and the black test lead to DC negative).

  • Page 111: Select The Next Pv Circuit And Take Another Measurement

    Making Measurements After the measured I-V curve trace appears, the I-V graph slides to the left and the PV system Array Tree appears at its right. Navigate to the location in the tree that matches where you are making your measurement.

  • Page 112: Alerts

    Making Measurements For example, the Voc values should be closely grouped, indicating that the strings all have the right number of modules. The Isc values should be closely grouped as well, if it’s a clear day and the irradiance is nearly constant.

  • Page 113: Data Backup

    Making Measurements Alert Description Large If the deviation between thermoucouple readings is more than 5 C, the Deviation software will display a message like below. between Thermocouples No SolSensor If the SolSensor is not acquiring data or not connected to the PVA App, Readings the software will display a message like below.

  • Page 114: Figure 59. Project Backups

    Making Measurements Figure 59. Project Backup Settings 4-110...

  • Page 115: Troubleshooting Pva Operation

    PV systems is not included in this discussion. For tips on setting up Windows for compatibility with the PVA app, and Windows troubleshooting see: www.solmetric.com/downloads-pva.html Troubleshooting Using Status Messages Your main tool for troubleshooting PVA operation is the Status indicator, shown in Figure 60 and discussed in this chapter.
  • Page 116 If this is the case, clicking on the "Disabled" message provides instructions regarding the required version of Wireless USB Adapter. You may also need to update the I-V Measurement Unit firmware (contact Solmetric for support). I-V Measurement Unit battery voltage is too low In this case, clicking on the "Disabled"...
  • Page 117 Troubleshooting PVA Operation Current overload pulse In this case, clicking on the "Disabled" message pops up a caution that a significant current overload pulse was detected. Check to be sure the inverter or other parts of the array were not inadvertently connected during the measurement. Also, certain high efficiency and thin film PV modules generate high discharge current pulses.

  • Page 118: Troubleshooting By Symptom

    Troubleshooting PVA Operation also blinks rapidly when it is not connected to the PC via WiFi. Make sure that the I-V Unit is turned on and is within wireless range. “No WiFi connection” (PVA-1500xx only) This message appears when the PC WiFi network adapter is turned off. Turn on the Wifi adapter and connects to the PVA1500_yyyyyy hotspot.
  • Page 119 Troubleshooting PVA Operation The PVA software displays dashes in place of data in the sensor displays when SolSensor is turned off or out of wireless communication range, or when a thermocouple is not plugged into the yellow sockets labeled TC1 and TC2. Reduced wireless range can be caused by objects (especially metal) blocking the line-of- sight from PC to SolSensor, or by placing either the PC or SolSensor on top of or near metal objects like metal roof surfaces, equipment housings and so on.
  • Page 120 Troubleshooting PVA Operation much higher or lower currents or voltages. The solution is to re-take the measurement. This is normal behavior under such circumstances because the PV Analyzer automatically reconfigures its circuitry for best measurement accuracy, and to save measurement time, it bases this reconfiguration decision on the previous measurement result.
  • Page 121 70 However, if the thermal fuse trips, it irreversibly shuts down the Unit and requires a return to factory. If you suspect that this has occurred, contact Solmetric Technical Support. For un-answered questions or guidance, feel free to contact us.

  • Page 122: Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, And Tilt

    Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt 6 Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt Introduction Thorough evaluation of array performance by any measurement method (I-V curve tracing or conventional methods) always involves comparing measured I-V data to some form of reference. That reference may be anything from a simple STC maximum power value to a detailed PV performance model.

  • Page 123: Table 21. Sensor Choices

    Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt • The materials in which the PV cell is embedded have poor thermal conductivity, so there can be substantial temperature drop between the cells and the module's front side or back side. • Temperature offset between PV cell and module backsheet depends on racking configuration and ventilation as well as current irradiance.

  • Page 124: Measuring Irradiance With Solsensor

    Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt Measuring Irradiance with SolSensor SolSensor irradiance sensor SolSensor irradiance sensing element is a silicon photodiode with temperature correction. Its spectral response is corrected to match silicon solar cells and its angular response is corrected to provide enhanced accuracy over a broader part of the day. Preliminary vs Effective Irradiance SolSensor irradiance measurement is further corrected according to the PV model parameters for the selected PV module.

  • Page 125: Orienting And Mounting The Irradiance Sensor

    Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt Orienting and mounting the irradiance sensor To provide a valid reference irradiance value, the sensor must be mounted in the plane of the array. This assures that the PV modules and the irradiance sensors present the same proportion of their area to the sun at all times of day (a cosine effect) and that reflective albedo effects are as similar as possible.

  • Page 126: Albedo Effects

    Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt Setting Up SolSensor for details on mounting SolSensor on the module frame. NOTE Mount SolSensor along the upper horizontal edge of the module whenever possible. This allows you to achieve better irradiance accuracy earlier and later in the day, extending the useful work day.
  • Page 127 Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt When you select the From I-V option, the PVA software calculates irradiance from the measured I-V curve. This option has several benefits and limitations. The From I-V option provides several benefits: • There is no time delay between measurement of the I-V curve and determination of irradiance.

  • Page 128: Entering Irradiance Manually

    Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt Entering Irradiance Manually When this option is selected, the user manually enters an irradiance value obtained by another method such as a hand-held sensor or an array mounted reference cell. This option has several disadvantages: •...

  • Page 129: Selecting A Thermocouple Wire Gauge

    Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt • Backside temperature varies substantially across a PV module, string, or array. This variation is caused by patterns of convective cooling that depend on degree of ventilation, relative location in the array, and exposure to wind. For this reason, your temperature measurements can be biased higher or lower than actual.

  • Page 130: Attaching The Thermocouple To The Module Backside

    This tape is also available from Solmetric in spools of 1.75-inch disks for added convenience. Do not use cheap duct tape, as it sags when hot, allowing the thermocouple tip to pull away from the surface.

  • Page 131: Measuring Pv Module Temperature With An Infrared Thermometer

    Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt Measuring PV module temperature with an infrared thermometer Some competing measurement solutions rely on infrared measurements of module temperature. This approach has serious limitations, which are discussed here because the PVA software allows the user to manually enter temperature values from hand-held sensor devices.

  • Page 132: Determining Cell Temperature From The Measured I-V Curve

    Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt Determining Cell Temperature from the Measured I-V Curve When you select the From I-V option, the PVA software calculates the equivalent cell temperature from the measured I-V curve. This option has several benefits and several limitations, all due to the fact that since temperature is calculated mainly from the measured V and the resulting temperature value is an input to the PV model, the model...

  • Page 133: Using Smarttemp To Measure Cell Temperature

    Measuring Irradiance, Temperature, and Tilt Using SmartTemp to Measure Cell Temperature The SmartTemp method uses a blend of the From I-V and backside thermocouple methods, taking best advantage each while avoiding the biggest limitations of each. The blend changes as a function of irradiance: •...

  • Page 134: Interpreting Measured I-V Curves

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves 7 Interpreting Measured I-V Curves Introduction A PV module, string, or array has a characteristic curve of current versus voltage; the “I- V curve”. The I-V curve represents the entire family of current and voltage pairs at which the PV circuit can be operated or loaded.

  • Page 135: Performance Factor

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves These abbreviations will be used in the following discussion: • Short circuit current • Max power current • Max power voltage • Open circuit voltage • Performance Factor (PF, %) = 100 * (Measured P /Predicted P •...

  • Page 136: The Shape Of A Normal I-V Curve

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves Fill Factor does not very much with irradiance so long as the irradiance is high, which means that comparing Fill Factor values is a good way to assess the consistency of I-V curve shapes in variable (but high) irradiance situations. The Shape of a Normal I-V Curve Error! Reference source not found.

  • Page 137: Interpreting I-V Curves

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves In a normal curve, the three regions are smooth and continuous. The shape and location of the knee depends on cell technology and manufacturer. Crystalline silicon cells have sharper knees; thin film modules usually have more gradual knees. The three PV model points are defined, from left to right, as follows: •...

  • Page 138: Figure 63. Deviations In The Shape Of The

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves Figure 63. Deviations in the shape of the I-V curve fall into one (or a combination) of these six categories It would be convenient if each of the I-V curve deviations illustrated in Figure 63 corresponded to a unique physical cause. In fact, there are multiple possible causes for each.

  • Page 139: Notches Or Steps

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves 1. Notches or steps Examples of this type of deviation are shown in Figure 64, Figure 65, and Figure 66. Figure 64. The effect of partial shading on a string I-V curve. 7-135...

  • Page 140: Figure 65. The Shading Impact Of Placing A Business Card On A Single Cell In A String Of Fifteen

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves Figure 65. The shading impact of placing a business card on a single cell in a string of fifteen 180-watt modules Figure 66. The effect of intentionally shading entire modules in different combinations, in two parallel-connected strings NOTE The graphic shown in Figure 66 is an overlay of several I-V curve measurements.

  • Page 141: Array Is Partially Shaded, Or Non-Uniform Soiling Or Debris Is Present

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves Array Is Partially Shaded, or non-uniform soiling or debris is present Partial shading of a PV cell reduces the current capacity of that cell, which in turn reduces the maximum current that can be produced by other series connected cells. For example, slightly shading one cell in a 72 cell module that has 3 bypass diodes will slightly reduce the current in 24 cells.

  • Page 142: Uniform Soiling

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves Potential causes associated with the model settings include: • Incorrect module is selected for the PV model • Number of PV strings in parallel is not entered correctly in the model Potential causes associated with irradiance or temperature measurements include: •...

  • Page 143: Module Degradation

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves Module Degradation Degradation of PV module performance with time and environmental stress is normally a very slow process. Given the number of factors that can affect the height of the I-V curve, the operator should estimate the impact of these other factors before concluding that the modules have degraded.

  • Page 144: Irradiance Is Too Low, Or The Sun Is Too Close To The Horizon

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves Irradiance Is Too Low, or the Sun Is Too Close to the Horizon Most PV modules exhibit changes in the shape of their I-V curves under low light conditions. This effect tends to set in below 600 W/m^2 and becomes quite significant below 400 W/m^2.

  • Page 145: Pv Cell Temperature Is Hotter Than The Measured Temperature

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves PV Cell Temperature Is Hotter than the Measured Temperature The module V is dependent on the temperature of the solar cells, with higher temperatures resulting in a lower V . It is possible that a poor thermal connection exists between the temperature measurement device and the back of the module.

  • Page 146: Rounder Knee

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves 4. Rounder knee An example of this type of deviation is shown below. Figure 68. I-V curve measurement showing rounder knee than predicted by the PV model. Rounding of the knee of the I-V curve can be a manifestation of the aging process. Before concluding that this is the case, check the slopes of the horizontal and vertical legs of the I-V curve.

  • Page 147: Steeper Slope In Horizontal Leg

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves 5. Steeper slope in horizontal leg An example of this deviation is shown below. Figure 69. An I-V curve showing steeper slope in the horizontal leg of the I-V curve. The horizontal leg of the I-V curve may exhibit a steeper slope than the PV model predicts.

  • Page 148: Module I Sc Mismatch

    Interpreting Measured I-V Curves steeper. The shunt current in a series of modules or within a single module can be dominated by a single hotspot on a single cell, or may arise from several smaller shunt paths in several series cells. Shunts within a module can improve over time, or can degrade until the module is damaged irreparably.

  • Page 149: Less Steep Slope In Vertical Leg

    The resistance of the primary test leads of the PV analyzer is extremely low and can be neglected. The resistance of the Solmetric Test Lead kit can also be neglected. Using smaller-gauge test leads can add significant resistance and corresponding measurement error.

  • Page 150: Electrical Interconnections In The Array Are Resistive

    Troubleshooting PV Arrays The following chart shows a method of troubleshooting PV arrays. For a poster-size copy of this chart visit www.FreeSolarPosters.com or contact Solmetric. For a detailed article on troubleshooting PV arrays see SolarPro article "Solar I-V Curves--Interpreting Trace Deviations".
  • Page 151 Interpreting Measured I-V Curves 7-147...

  • Page 152: Translation Of I-V Data To Standard Test Conditions

    Translation of I-V Data to Standard Test Conditions 8 Translation of I-V Data to Standard Test Conditions The PVA PC software provides a feature for translating the displayed I-V curve to and 25 C. The software also translates the Standard Test Conditions (STC) of 1000W/m key performance parameters in the Table view (tab).

  • Page 153: Translation Equations

    Translation of I-V Data to Standard Test Conditions α = Normalized temperature coefficient for I , (%/°C). Normalized in the same manner as α β , (%/°C) = Temperature coefficient for module open-circuit-voltage. γ , (%/°C) = Temperature coefficient for module maximum power point voltage. = Cell temperature inside module, °C.
  • Page 154 Translation of I-V Data to Standard Test Conditions The translation equations are as follows, where the subscripts are defined as m = measured, and trans = translated: α * (E ) / (1 + ( /100) * (T sctrans scmeas trans meas meas...

This manual is also suitable for:

Pv analyzer pva-1500 v2Pv analyzer pva-1500 sPv analyzer pva-1500 v4Pv analyzer pva-1500 tPv analyzer pva-1000sPv analyzer pva-600

Table of Contents