Related Manuals for Kistler 9143B Series
Summary of Contents for Kistler 9143B Series
- Page 1 Instruction Manual SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for Shear Force Type 9143B… to 9147B… 9143B_002-285e-09.10...
- Page 2 Instruction Manual SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for Shear Force Type 9143B... to 9147B... 9143B_002-285e-09.10...
- Page 3 SlimLine sensors Types 9143B... to 9147B... Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its products and make changes in the content without obliga- tion to notify any person or organization of such changes improvements.
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Page 4: Table Of Contents
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... Content Introduction ........................... 4 Important Notes ..........................5 For Your Safety ........................5 Unpacking..........................6 Notes on Handling the Sensor ....................6 Hints on the Use of this Instruction Manual ................. 6 General Description ........................ - Page 5 Content Annex ............................32 Glossary ..........................32 Measurement Uncertainty ....................36 Linearity..........................37 Frequency Range ........................39 Influence of Temperature....................40 Total Pages: 41 9143B_002-285e-09.10 Page 3...
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Page 6: Introduction
It will help you with the installation, maintenance, and use of this product. To the extent permitted by law Kistler does not accept any liability if this instruction manual is not followed or prod- ucts other than those listed under Accessories are used. -
Page 7: Important Notes
Important Notes 2. Important Notes It is absolutely essential to follow the instructions below, which are intended to ensure your safety when working with the equipment and guarantee a long, trouble-free service life. 2.1 For Your Safety The SlimLine sensor has been thoroughly tested and has left the factory in a perfectly safe condition. -
Page 8: Unpacking
We have tried to organize this manual clearly so that the required information is easily accessible. Keep this manual in a safe place where it is readily accessi- ble at all times. If you lose your manual please contact your Kistler distribu- tor for prompt replacement. Page 6 9143B_002-285e-09.10... -
Page 9: General Description
General Description 3. General Description What is a SlimLine Force Sensor used for? SlimLine piezoelectric force sensors feature an extremely flat design. The force to be measured is transferred to the quartz sensor elements via the cover plate and base plate of the tightly welded steel housing. -
Page 10: Applications
Measurements of dynamic forces (AC mode) are also pos- sible over any length of time. Kistler SlimLine sensors have a virtually unlimited life and are not subject to sensitivity drift caused by aging. -
Page 11: Design And Principle Of Operation
General Description 3.3 Design and Principle of Operation A SlimLine sensor consists of two crystal ring washers, an electrode and a housing with connector. The force to be measured must be evenly distributed over the ring surface. The mechanical shear stress results in an electric charge being generated in the quartz crystal. -
Page 12: Mounting, Installation And Commissioning
The measurement signal has to be calibrated in situ against the force to be determined. Contact your local Kistler distributor for advice if anything is not clear or difficulties are encountered when mount- ing, installing or commissioning SlimLine sensors. To en-... -
Page 13: Force Application
The bearing surfaces on the load washer must be ground. A good grease (such as Kistler Type 1063) must be used to reduce friction. The full measuring range can only be exploited if the force is distributed uniformly. -
Page 14: Reduction In Measuring Range With Additional Bending Moment For Slimline Sensors
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... 4.1.2 Reduction in Measuring Range with Additional Bending Moment for SlimLine Sensors The additional bending moment depends on the distance h of the applied shear force F from the SlimLine sensor. The shear force should therefore be applied as closely as possi- ble above the mounted SlimLine sensor. -
Page 15: Bearing Surface Materials
Mounting, Installation and Commissioning The acting bending moment M is 11 N·m greater than the allowable bending moment = M – M = 11 N·m b,max This reduces the measuring range by M x f = 11 N·m x 0,0369 = 0,41 kN The maximum measuring range is therefore = 1,70 kN –... -
Page 16: Installation Of Sensor
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... Installation of Sensor A shear force sensor must always be fitted under preload, since the shear forces are transmitted by stiction. The con- tact surfaces with the sensor must be absolutely free of grease, finish machined and rigid. -
Page 17: Effect Of Elasticity Relationships On Measurement Result
Mounting, Installation and Commissioning Mounting Dimensions Type Thread Bore diameter Plate D1 [mm] thickness A [mm] 9143B… 12,0 9144B… 16,0 9145B… 10,5 20,0 9146B… 13,0 24,0 9147B… 15,0 27,0 Recommended minimum value 4.3.1 Effect of Elasticity Relationships on Measurement Result With preloaded connections, it is essential to take account of force diversion. -
Page 18: Preparation For Mounting
Kistler special grease Type 1063. Fig. 5: SlimLine force sensor with preloading bolt (greased surfaces and thread shown in gray). -
Page 19: Dynamometer With Six Sls Shear Force (F ) Sensors For Measuring Torque (M )
Mounting, Installation and Commissioning 4.4 Dynamometer with Six SLS Shear Force (F ) Sensors for Measuring Torque (M Fig. 7: Six SLS shear force sensors on dynamometer base plate for measuring torque SLS Dynamometer A dynamometer with six SLS shear force sensors has six signal outputs. -
Page 20: Preloading Slimline Sensor
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... Preloading SlimLine Sensor SlimLine sensors have to be preloaded to enable reliable use. To produce the required preload force the sensor is first mounted in the structure involved without being pre- loaded. The preload force cannot be measured with the sensor. -
Page 21: Measurement
Measurement 5. Measurement Basic Arrangement of a Measuring System A measuring system is assembled from a SlimLine sensor, a highly-insulated low-noise connecting cable and charge amplifier, a display and/or data acquisition and processing unit. Fig. 8: Measuring system configuration The connecting cable for the transducer must be highly in- sulating and low-noise. -
Page 22: Range Selection And Threshold
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... Range Selection and Threshold A distinction must be made between the measuring range of the SlimLine sensor and that of the charge amplifier. The measuring range required to perform a particular measurement can be freely set on the charge amplifier. Example The charge amplifier Type 5015A…... -
Page 23: Measuring High-Frequency Phenomena
Measurement Measuring High-Frequency Phenomena Thanks to their high rigidity, SlimLine sensors are eminently suited for measuring rapidly changing processes. As the mounting situation has a decisive effect, the natural fre- quencies specified in the table of technical data are more of theoretical importance. -
Page 24: Useful Frequency Range
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... 5.3.1 Useful Frequency Range At the upper frequency limit, the frequency response of the dynamometer reveals relatively little vibration damping. Frequencies can be triggered up to about a third of the natural frequency without excessive measuring errors. The lower frequency limit is determined by the drift of the charge amplifier and the quality of the insulation. - Page 25 Measurement Rule The better the mounting of the measuring device (force link, dynamometer) on a base structure and the better the attachment of the force introduction parts – the higher the resonant frequency and the wider the usable frequency range. Most piezoelectric force sensors behave as a single-mass vi- bration system and follow the rule: ...
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Page 26: Measuring Quasistatic Shear Forces
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... Measuring Quasistatic Shear Forces Purely static measurements over any length of time are not possible with the piezoelectric measurement principle. The period of time over which so-called "quasistatic" meas- urements can be performed is determined by the insulation resistance of the measuring chain and by the time constant of the charge amplifier. -
Page 27: Instructions And Safety Precautions
Measurement 5.6 Instructions and Safety Precautions The supporting surfaces for a SlimLine sensor must be finely machined (Ra = 0,4), flat and rigid. The maximum measuring range (100 %) may be ex- ploited only if the force is distributed uniformly over the entire supporting surface. -
Page 28: Maintenance And Servicing
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... 6. Maintenance and Servicing Periodic maintenance or servicing is not necessary. Any connectors that get dirty (resulting in insufficient insulation resistance) can be cleaned with isopropyl alcohol or light petrol and a clean paper towel. As the SlimLine Sensor is fully welded, any repair work that becomes necessary is extremely rarely feasible and can only be carried out in the manufacturer's factory if at all. -
Page 29: Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting 7. Troubleshooting Diagnosis and Rectification of Faults The following chart lists typical causes of faults and meth- ods of rectification. Please contact your Kistler distributor if you cannot rectify a fault. Fault Cause Rectification No measurement signal at the... -
Page 30: Repairing Slimline Force Sensor
You will receive a cost estimate if a major repair is in- volved. Kistler will try to repair your sensor at minimal cost in the shortest possible time and return it to you in as-new condition. -
Page 31: Technical Data
Technical Data 8. Technical Data Please note that all of the technical data and all other in- formation in this section are subject to change at any time without prior notice. SLS Shear Force Type 9143B… to 9147B… – Technical Data and Dimensions for Mounting with Preloading Bolts Type 9143B…... -
Page 32: Included Accessories
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... 8.2 Included Accessories ® An integral Viton seal ring is supplied as an accessory with the SlimLine sensors with KIAG 10-32 pos. connector. This ring must be fitted in the connector if the connection has to meet the requirements of IP65 degree of protection. - Page 33 Technical Data Coupling Type 1721, KIAG 10-32 neg – BNC pos. Coupling Type 1729A, KIAG 10-32 neg – KIAG 10-32 neg. Insulation tester Type 5493 Examples of Measuring Chains SlimLine sensor Coupling maXYmo Type 914XA21 Type 1721 Type 5867A…...
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Page 34: Annex
Cable capacitance The cable capacitance, and thus the length of the con- necting cable, has no noteworthy influence on the meas- uring result when Kistler special cables and Kistler charge amplifiers are used. Calibrated range Measuring range or part of the measuring range for which the sensor has been calibrated. - Page 35 Annex Example: IP65 indicates a complete protection against touching, as well as against the ingress of dust and spray water from all directions. Disturbance Quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement. The contributions are expressed in terms of the measurand related to the acting quantity.
- Page 36 (picocoulomb) piezoelectric Characteristic of crystals (e.g. quartz) in which mechanical loading produces a proportional electrical charge quasistatic Describes the ability of Kistler sensors and charge amplifiers to undertake short-term measurements or DC-similar measurements. Range see "Measuring range" Output voltage per unit of the measurand at the analogue Scaling or monitor output of a charge amplifier..
- Page 37 Annex Threshold Largest change in the measurand that produces a measur- able change in the sensor output, while the change of the measurand takes place slowly and monotonically. Note: In practice, the rule of thumb applies that the threshold is about two to three times as large as the typical noise signal of a charge amplifier.
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Page 38: Measurement Uncertainty
1 % FSO Industrial charge amplifier Higher accuracy can be achieved with the following proce- dures: Calibration in the Kistler factory Calibration with charge amplifier Type 5395A Restriction of the temperature range Random errors , precision, reproducibility... -
Page 39: Linearity
Errors due to zero drift caused by influences changing with time, such as the tem- perature, are thus basically excluded. With Kistler piezoelectric measuring chains, a typical repeat- ability within 0,1 % FSO can be assumed. 9.3 Linearity... - Page 40 SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... Best straight line – mathematical definition The minimization of maximum deviation is known as Che- byshev’s approximation. The best straight line is deter- mined as follows: x = measurand (reference) Q = sensor charge signal or output signal from the charge amplifier ...
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Page 41: Frequency Range
Annex Frequency Range Because of their mechanical quality, piezoelectric sensors have very low damping. The useful frequency range is limi- ted in the upwards direction by the increasing resonance rise. Key: f Measuring frequency Natural frequency Amplitude ratio The following approximate values apply to the amplitude error or achievable accuracy as a function of frequency: ... -
Page 42: Influence Of Temperature
SlimLine Sensors (SLS) for, Type 9143B... to 9147B... In their dynamic behavior, piezoelectric sensors are superior to all other measuring methods. Their high rigidity results in the highest possible natural frequencies. Piezoelectric sensors are thus ideal for measuring measurands which change rapidly over time. - Page 43 Annex Temperature gradient error (dynamic error) A temporary change in the output signal is denoted as temperature gradient error, when the temperature of the environment or surrounding medium changes with a cer- tain rate. In this case, the sensor is not in thermal equilib- rium with the environment.
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