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Troubleshooting
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Summary of Contents for Hukseflux FHF05SC Series
- Page 1 Hukseflux Thermal Sensors USER MANUAL FHF05SC series Self-calibrating foil heat flux sensor with thermal spreaders and heater Copyright by Hukseflux | FHF05SC series manual v2203 |www.hukseflux.com| info@hukseflux.com...
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Page 2: Cautionary Statements
Cautionary statements Cautionary statements are subdivided into four categories: danger, warning, caution and notice according to the severity of the risk. DANGER Failure to comply with a danger statement will lead to death or serious physical injuries. WARNING Failure to comply with a warning statement may lead to risk of death or serious physical injuries. -
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Trouble shooting Calibration and checks in the field Appendices Appendix on cable extension Appendix on using FHF05SC series with BLK – GLD sticker series Appendix on standards for calibration Appendix on calibration hierarchy Appendix on correction for temperature dependence Appendix on measurement range for different temperatures... -
Page 4: List Of Symbols
List of symbols Quantities Symbol Unit Heat flux Φ W/m² Voltage output Sensitivity V/(W/m Temperature °C Thermal resistance per unit area K/(W/m²) thermal,A Area m² Electrical resistance Ω Electrical power subscripts property of heatsink heatsink property of heater heater property of sensor sensor maximum value, specification limit maximum... -
Page 5: Introduction
Introduction FHF05SC series is a combination of the standard model FHF05 heat flux sensor and a heater. The heater allows the user to perform self-tests, verifying sensor functionality and stability during use, without having to remove the sensor. FHF05SC series are ideal... - Page 6 In a laboratory environment, using a metal heat sink, you may even perform a formal calibration. The heater has a well characterised and traceable surface area and electrical resistance. The FHF05SC series self-calibrating foil heat flux sensor has unique features and benefits: heater for self-test •...
- Page 7 Using FHF05SC series is easy. It can be connected directly to commonly used data logging systems. The heat flux in W/m is calculated by dividing the sensor output, a small voltage, by the sensitivity. The sensitivity is provided with FHF05SC series on its product certificate.
- Page 8 FHF-type sensors. • BLK - GLD sticker series to separate radiative and convective heat fluxes • Hukseflux offers a complete range of heat flux sensors with the highest quality for any • budget...
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Page 9: Ordering And Checking At Delivery
Ordering and checking at delivery 1.1 Ordering FHF05SC series The standard configuration of FHF05SC series is FHF05SC-50X50-02, model 50X50 with 2 metres of cable. Common options are: model FHF05SC-85X85 • • change -02 to -05 or -10 metres cable length with a separate cable in 2, 5 or 10 metres cable length •... -
Page 10: Quick Instrument Check
1.3 Quick instrument check A quick test of the instrument can be done by connecting it to a multimeter. 1. Check the sensor serial number and sensitivity on the sticker on the potted connection block against the product certificate provided with the sensor. 2. -
Page 11: Instrument Principle And Theory
Instrument principle and theory FHF05SC series’ scientific name is heat flux sensor. A heat flux sensor measures the heat flux density through the sensor itself. This quantity, expressed in W/m , is usually called “heat flux”. FHF05SC series users typically assume that the measured heat flux is representative of the undisturbed heat flux at the location of the sensor. - Page 12 Φ = U/S (Formula 2.1.1) FHF05SC series is designed in such a way that heat flux from the back side to the front side generates a positive voltage output signal. The dot on the foil indicates the front side.
- Page 13 Figure 2.1.2 Heat flux from the back side to the front side generates a positive voltage output signal. The dot on the foil indicates the front side. The backside of the FHF05SC has a heater. FHF 05S C s e ri e s m an u al v2 203 13/43...
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Page 14: The Self-Test
In a typical calibration setup as shown in the next figure, the FHF05SC series is positioned between an insulating material and a heatsink with the FHF05SC series heater on the side of the insulating material. -
Page 15: Application Example: Stable Performance Check
Heat flux (4) flows from hot to cold. 2.4 Application example: stable performance check The FHF05SC series heater can be used to check for stable performance of the sensor at regular intervals without the need to uninstall the sensor from its application. - Page 16 Non-matching patterns point towards changes in sensor environment. This can • for example be the result of a loss of thermal contact between sensor and object (Figure 2.4.2) or the presence of convective heat losses (Figure 2.4.3). Figure 2.4.1 In-situ sensor stability check. Comparison of responses to stepwise heating relative to reference curves.
- Page 17 Figure 2.4.3 In-situ sensor stability check. Comparison of responses to stepwise heating relative to reference curves. Normalised to heater power (P) and relative to the heat flux and the temperature just before heating. Solid graphs show heat flux, dotted graphs show temperature.
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Page 18: Application Example: Non-Invasive Core Temperature Measurement
2.5 Application example: non-invasive core temperature measurement FHF05SC series may be used for non-invasively measuring the core temperature of objects, for example of human beings. The measurement is done by securely fixate the sensor on the object under test. The side of the heater should be surrounded with insulation material. -
Page 19: Specifications Of Fhf05Sc Series
Specifications of FHF05SC series 3.1 Specifications of FHF05SC series FHF05SC series measures the heat flux density through the surface of the sensor. This quantity, expressed in W/m , is called heat flux. Working completely passive, using a thermopile sensor, FHF05SC series generates a small output voltage proportional to this flux. - Page 20 FHF05SC-50X50 17.5 FHF05SC-85X85 18.25 Sensor thickness 0.7 x 10 Sensor thermal resistance 24 x 10 K/(W/m Sensor thermal conductivity 0.29 W/(m·K) Response time (95 %) Sensor resistance range per dimension FHF05SC-50X50 200 – 300 Ω FHF05SC-85X85 800 – 1300 Ω Required sensor power zero (passive sensor) Temperature sensor...
- Page 21 Connected to user-supplied data acquisition equipment. Regular inspection of the sensor. Continuous monitoring of sensor temperature. No special requirements for immunity, emission, chemical resistance. Recommended number of sensors 2 per measurement location Installation see recommendations in this user manual Bending see chapter on installation on curved surfaces Wire extension see chapter on cable extension or order sensors with...
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Page 22: Dimensions Of Fhf05Sc Series
3.2 Dimensions of FHF05SC series Figure 3.2.1 FHF05SC series models -50X50 and -85X85 heat flux sensor; Y = 36 or 70, H1 = 47.6 or 82.6 and H2 = 48 or 83. All dimensions in x 10 sensing area with thermal spreaders... -
Page 23: Standards And Recommended Practices For Use
FHF05SC series should be used in accordance with recommended practices. 4.1 Heat flux measurement in industry FHF05SC series sensors are often used to measure on industrial walls and metal surfaces, estimating the installation’s energy balance and the thermal transmission of walls. -
Page 24: Installation Of Fhf05Sc Series
Installation of FHF05SC series 5.1 Site selection and installation Table 5.1.1 Recommendations for installation of FHF05SC series heat flux sensors. Location choose a location that is representative of the process that is analysed if possible, avoid exposure to sun, rain, etc. - Page 25 Figure 5.1.1 Installation of model FHF05SC-50X50 using tape to fixate the sensor and the connection block. Extra strain relief on the wires is provided using cable tie mounts equipped with double sided tape as adhesive. As indicated in Table 5.1.1, tapes fixating the sensor are preferably taped over the passive guard area and not on the sensing area (the latter indicated by grey shading in Figure 5.1.1).
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Page 26: Installation On Curved Surfaces
5.2 Installation on curved surfaces The flexibility of the FHF05SC series makes it perfectly suitable to be installed on singly curved surfaces. The sensor can be bent around any axis. Figure 5.2.1 Bending of model FHF05SC-50X50 foil heat flux sensor, in this image on a pipe. -
Page 27: Electrical Connection
5.3 Electrical connection 5.3.1 Normal connection FHF05SC series has one bundled cable. It contains two sets of wires, one set for the heat flux signal, and one set for the heater. The latter are yellow, purple, pink and green. To read out the heat flux sensor, FHF05SC series should be connected to a measurement system, such as a voltmeter, an amplifier, a datalogger or a data-acquisition (DAQ) system. - Page 28 U = U (Formula 5.3.2.2) Table 5.3.2.1 The electrical connection of two FHF05SC series models, 1 and 2, in series. In such case the sensitivity is the sum of the two sensitivities of the individual sensors. More sensors may be added in a similar manner.
- Page 29 5.3.3 Connection to read out half signals See the figure on the left: FHF05SC series can be connected to read out only the heat flux through the left half of the sensing area or the heat flux though the right half of the sensing area. This feature may be used for quality assurance purposes;...
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Page 30: Requirements For Data Acquisition / Amplification
FHF05SC series are available. In case a program for similar instruments is available, this can be used. FHF05SC series can be treated in the same way as other heat flux sensors and (analogue) thermopile pyranometers. -
Page 31: Maintenance And Trouble Shooting
Maintenance and trouble shooting 6.1 Recommended maintenance and quality assurance FHF05SC series measures reliably at a low level of maintenance. Unreliable measurement results are detected by scientific judgement, for example by looking for unreasonably large or small measured values. The preferred way to obtain a reliable measurement is a regular critical review of the measured data, preferably checking against other measurements. -
Page 32: Trouble Shooting
Check the condition of the wires. Check the datalogger program in particular if the right sensitivity is entered. FHF05SC series sensitivity and serial number are shown on the product certificate and on the sticker. Check if the correct thermocouple type is chosen in the datalogger program. - Page 33 FHF 05S C s e ri e s m an u al v2 203 33/43...
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Page 34: Calibration And Checks In The Field
On-site field calibration is possible by comparison to a calibration reference sensor. Usually mounted side by side, alternatively mounted on top of the field sensor. Hukseflux main recommendations for field calibrations are: 1) to compare to a calibration reference of the same brand and type as the field sensor... -
Page 35: Appendices
Appendices 7.1 Appendix on cable extension FHF05SC series is equipped with a cable with eight wires. Standard cable length is 2 m. It is possible to order FHF05SC series with longer cable lengths. Cables may act as a source of distortion by picking up capacitive noise. Keep the distance between data logger or amplifier and sensor as short as possible. -
Page 36: Appendix On Using Fhf05Sc Series With Blk - Gld Sticker Series
To calculate the radiative heat flux, subtract the two measurements. There are BLK – GLD stickers for every sensor in FHF05 series and FHF05SC series. BLK - GLD stickers are designed to be applied by the user. Optionally, it is also possible to order FHF05(SC) with stickers pre-applied at the factory. -
Page 37: Appendix On Standards For Calibration
Transducers specifies in chapter 6 that a guarded hot plate, a heat flowmeter, a hot box or a thin heater apparatus are all allowed. Hukseflux employs a thin heater apparatus, uses a linear function according to X1.1 and uses a nominal temperature of 20 °C, in accordance with X2.2. -
Page 38: Appendix On Correction For Temperature Dependence
Φ = U/(S∙(1 + 0.002∙(T – 20))) (Formula 7.5.1) with Φ the heat flux in W/m², U the FHF05SC series voltage output in V, S the sensitivity in V/(W/m²) at 20 °C and T the FHF05SC temperature. S is shown on the product certificate and at the end of FHF05SC’s cable. -
Page 39: Appendix On Measurement Range For Different Temperatures
7.6 Appendix on measurement range for different temperatures The measurement range of FHF05SC series is specified as (-10 to +10) x 10 at 20 °C heat sink temperature. This is a very conservative specification. In reality, the rated operating temperature continuous range of +120 °C is the limiting specification. -
Page 40: Appendix On Temperature Measurement Accuracy
Typically, this is ± 1 °C. Thermocouple measurement uncertainty The FHF05SC series has a cable with thermocouple extension wires specified as a type T thermocouple, IEC 60584-1:2013 class 2. They consist of a brown positive copper (Cu) wire and a negative white constantan (Cu ) wire. - Page 41 Figure 7.7.1 Model FHF05SC-50X50 with its thermocouple junctions. To minimise uncertainty, please make sure that ∆T is close to zero. FHF 05S C s e ri e s m an u al v2 203 41/43...
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Page 42: Eu Declaration Of Conformity
7.8 EU declaration of conformity Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V., Delftechpark 31, Delft, The Netherlands hereby declare under our sole responsibility that: Product model FHF05SC series, all models Product type foil heat flux sensor is in conformity with the following directives:... - Page 43 FHF 05S C s e ri e s m an u al v2 203 43/43...
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