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Summary of Contents for Hukseflux LP02
- Page 1 Hukseflux Thermal Sensors USER MANUAL LP02 Second class pyranometer Copyright by Hukseflux | manual v1606 | www.hukseflux.com | info@hukseflux.com...
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Page 2: Warning Statements
Warning statements Putting more than 12 Volt across the sensor wiring can lead to permanent damage to the sensor. Do not use “open circuit detection” when measuring the sensor output. LP02 manual v1606 2/47... -
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Electrical connection of LP02-TR Appendices Appendix on cable extension / replacement Appendix on tools for LP02 Appendix on spare parts for LP02 Appendix on standards for classification and calibration Appendix on calibration hierarchy Appendix on meteorological radiation quantities Appendix on ISO and WMO classification tables... -
Page 4: List Of Symbols
List of symbols Quantities Symbol Unit Voltage output Sensitivity V/(W/m Temperature °C Electrical resistance Ω Solar irradiance Solar radiant exposure W∙h/m Time in hours (see also appendix 9.6 on meteorological quantities) Subscripts Not applicable LP02 manual v1606 4/47... -
Page 5: Introduction
Introduction LP02 is a solar radiation sensor that is applied in most common solar radiation observations. It complies with the second class specifications of the ISO 9060 standard and the WMO Guide. LP02 pyranometer is widely used in (agro-)meteorological applications and for PV system performance monitoring. - Page 6 Model LP02-TR houses a 4-20 mA transmitter for easy read-out by dataloggers commonly used in the industry. For more information see the chapter on LP02-TR. Model LP02-LI19 offers LP02 with handheld read-out unit / datalogger LI19 in a practical transport case. The LP02-LI19 combination is well suited for mobile measurements and short term datalogging.
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Page 7: Ordering And Checking At Delivery
The standard configuration of LP02 is with 5 metres cable. Common options are: • Longer cable (in multiples of 5 m). Specify total cable length. LP02-TR second class pyranometer with 4-20 mA transmitter. Standard setting is 4 • mA at 0 W/m and 20 mA at 1600 W/m . -
Page 8: Quick Instrument Check
The instrument voltage output should go down and within one minute approach 0 V. 3. If applicable, remove the optional sun screen, using the hex key (see chapter on installation of the sun screen). Inspect the bubble level. 4. Inspect the instrument for any damage. LP02 manual v1606 8/47... -
Page 9: Instrument Principle And Theory
Instrument principle and theory Figure 2.1 Overview of LP02: cable, (standard length 5 metres, optional longer cable) cable gland thermal sensor with black coating glass dome sensor body levelling feet mounting hole bubble level LP02 manual v1606 9/47... - Page 10 LP02’s scientific name is pyranometer. A pyranometer measures the solar radiation received by a plane surface from a 180 ° field of view angle. This quantity, expressed in , is called “hemispherical” solar radiation. The solar radiation spectrum extends roughly from 285 to 3000 x 10 m.
- Page 11 1000 10000 wavelength [x 10 Figure 2.2 Spectral response of the pyranometer compared to the solar spectrum. The pyranometer only cuts off a negligible part of the total solar spectrum. LP02 manual v1606 11/47...
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Page 12: Specifications Of Lp02
Specifications of LP02 3.1 Specifications of LP02 LP02 measures the solar radiation received by a plane surface from a 180 field of view angle. This quantity, expressed in W/m , is called “hemispherical” solar radiation. Working completely passive, using a thermopile sensor, LP02 generates a small output voltage proportional to this flux. - Page 13 Table 3.1.1 Specifications of LP02 (continued) LP02 ADDITIONAL SPECIFICATIONS Measurand hemispherical solar radiation Measurand in SI radiometry units irradiance in W/m Optional measurand sunshine duration Field of view angle 180 ° Measurement range 0 to 2000 W/m Sensitivity range 7 to 25 x 10...
- Page 14 Table 3.1.1 Specifications of LP02 (started on previous pages) CALIBRATION Calibration traceability to WRR Calibration hierarchy from WRR through ISO 9846 and ISO 9847, applying a correction to reference conditions Calibration method indoor calibration according to ISO 9847, Type IIc Calibration uncertainty <...
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Page 15: Dimensions Of Lp02
3.2 Dimensions of LP02 Ø 5 Figure 3.2.1 Dimensions of LP02 in 10 LP02 manual v1606 15/47... -
Page 16: Standards And Recommended Practices For Use
4.3 General use for sunshine duration measurement According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO, 2003), sunshine duration during a given period is defined as the sum of that sub-period for which the direct solar irradiance exceeds 120 W/m LP02 manual v1606 16/47... -
Page 17: Specific Use In Meteorology And Climatology
WMO publishes WMO-No. 8; Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, in which a table is included on “level of performance” of pyranometers. Nowadays WMO conforms itself to the ISO classification system. LP02 manual v1606 17/47... -
Page 18: Installation Of Lp02
Installation of LP02 5.1 Site selection and installation Table 5.1.1 Recommendations for installation of pyranometers Location The situation that shadows are cast on the instruments is usually not desirable. The horizon should be as free from obstacles as possible. Ideally there should be no objects between the course of the sun and the instrument. -
Page 19: Installation Of The Optional Sun Screen
In order to operate, a pyranometer should be connected to a measurement system, typically a so-called datalogger. LP02 is a passive sensor that does not need any power. Cables generally act as a source of distortion, by picking up capacitive noise. We recommend keeping the distance between a datalogger or amplifier and the sensor as short as possible. -
Page 20: Requirements For Data Acquisition / Amplification
LP02 can usually be treated in the same way as other thermopile pyranometers. Pyranometers usually have the same programming as heat flux sensors. In case of the LP02-TR version, the output is 4 to 20 x 10 A. See the chapter on the LP02-TR. -
Page 21: Making A Dependable Measurement
* defined at Hukseflux as all factors outside the instrument that are relevant to the measurement such as the cloud cover (presence or absence of direct radiation), sun position, the local horizon (which may be obstructed) or condition of the ground (when tilted). -
Page 22: Reliability Of The Measurement
(drying the entire sensor) in case the sensor allows this. For non- serviceable sensors like Hukseflux second class pyranometers (for example model LP02), this may slowly develop into a defect. For first class and secondary standard models (for instance model SR11 first class pyranometer) extra desiccant (in a set of 5 bags in an air-tight bag) is available. -
Page 23: Speed Of Repair And Maintenance
Dependability is not only a matter of reliability but also involves the reaction to problems; if the processing time of service and repairs is short, this contributes to the dependability. Hukseflux pyranometers are designed to allow easy maintenance and repair. The main maintenance actions are: replacement of desiccant (not applicable for LP02) •... -
Page 24: Uncertainty Evaluation
3) A separate estimate has to be entered to allow for estimated uncertainty due to the instrument maintenance level. 4) The calibration uncertainty has to be entered. Please note that Hukseflux calibration uncertainties are lower than those of alternative equipment. These uncertainties are entered in measurement equation (equation is usually Formula 0.1: E = U/S), either as... - Page 25 9.9 % 6.4.2 Calibration uncertainty From 2011 to 2012, calibration of LP02 has been improved. New procedures were developed in close cooperation with PMOD World Radiation Center in Davos, Switzerland. Our latest calibration method results in an uncertainty of the sensitivity of less than 1.8 %, compared to typical uncertainties of higher than 3.5 % for this pyranometer...
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Page 26: Maintenance And Trouble Shooting
Maintenance and trouble shooting 7.1 Recommended maintenance and quality assurance LP02 can measure reliably at a low level of maintenance in most locations. Usually unreliable measurements will be detected as unreasonably large or small measured values. As a general rule this means that regular visual inspection combined with a critical review of the measured data, preferably checking against other measurements, is the preferred way to obtain a reliable measurement. -
Page 27: Trouble Shooting
Check the condition of the shielding. variations Check the condition of the sensor cable. Check if the cable is not moving during the measurement The dome Arrange to send the sensor back to Hukseflux for diagnosis. shows internal condensation LP02 manual v1606 27/47... -
Page 28: Calibration And Checks In The Field
The applicable standard is ISO 9847 “International Standard- Solar Energy- calibration of field pyranometers by comparison to a reference pyranometer”. At Hukseflux an indoor calibration according to the same standard is used. Hukseflux recommendation for re-calibration: if possible, perform calibration indoor by comparison to an identical reference instrument, under normal incidence conditions. -
Page 29: Data Quality Assurance
The main idea is that one should look out for any unrealistic values. There are programs on the market that can automatically perform data screening. See for more information on such a program http://www.dqms.com. LP02 manual v1606 29/47... -
Page 30: Lp02-Tr
As a special version of LP02, Hukseflux offers model LP02-TR: a second class pyranometer with 4-20 mA transmitter. LP02-TR is a solar radiation sensor that is applied in most common solar radiation observations. It complies with the second class specifications of the ISO 9060 standard and the WMO Guide. - Page 31 Table 8.1.2 Requirements for data acquisition and amplification equipment with the LP02–TR configuration Capability to The LP02-TR has a 4-20 mA output. There are several - measure 4-20 mA or possibilities to handle this signal. It is important to realise...
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Page 32: Dimensions Of Lp02-Tr
8.2 Dimensions of LP02-TR Figure 8.2.1 Overview of LP02-TR: cable, (standard length 5 metres, optional longer cable) cable gland thermal sensor with black coating glass dome sensor body transmitter housing levelling feet bubble level LP02 manual v1606 32/47... - Page 33 Ø 78 Figure 8.2.2 Dimensions of LP02-TR in 10 LP02 manual v1606 33/47...
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Page 34: Electrical Connection Of Lp02-Tr
8.3 Electrical connection of LP02-TR In order to operate, a pyranometer should be connected to a measurement system, typically a so-called datalogger. LP02-TR operates on a supply voltage of 7.2 to 35 VDC. Table 8.3.1 The electrical connection of LP02-TR... - Page 35 Figure 8.3.3 Electrical diagram of the connection of LP02-TR to a typical voltmeter or datalogger with the capacity to measure voltage signals. Usually a 100 Ω shunt resistor (R) is used to convert the current to a voltage. LP02-TR operates on a supply voltage of 7.2 to 35 VDC.
- Page 36 LP02 manual v1606 36/47...
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Page 37: Appendices
Please consult Hukseflux for instructions on cable preparation or use Hukseflux-supplied parts. LP02 is equipped with one cable. Keep the distance between data logger or amplifier and sensor as short as possible. Cables act as a source of distortion by picking up capacitive noise. -
Page 38: Appendix On Tools For Lp02
(internal wiring inside LP02 body) 9.3 Appendix on spare parts for LP02 • Levelling feet (set of 3) LP02 cable (specify length in multiples of 5 m), sealed at one end • Cable gland LP02 • O-ring LP02 •... -
Page 39: Appendix On Standards For Classification And Calibration
Indoor Transfer of Calibration from Reference to Field Pyranometers ISO 9059:1990 Solar energy -- Calibration of ASTM E 816 Standard Test Method for field pyrheliometers by comparison to a Calibration of Pyrheliometers by Comparison to reference pyrheliometer Reference Pyrheliometers LP02 manual v1606 39/47... -
Page 40: Appendix On Calibration Hierarchy
(transfer error). The coverage factor must be determined; at Hukseflux we work with a coverage factor k = 2. LP02 manual v1606... -
Page 41: Appendix On Meteorological Radiation Quantities
In solar energy radiant exposure is often given in W∙h/m Table 9.6.1 Meteorological radiation quantities as recommended by WMO (additional symbols by Hukseflux Thermal Sensor). POA stands for Plane of Array irradiance. The term originates from ASTM and IEC standards. -
Page 42: Appendix On Iso And Wmo Classification Tables
WMO 7.3.2.5: Table 7.5 lists the expected maximum deviation from the true value, excluding calibration errors. ** At Hukseflux we use the expression ± 1 % instead of a range of 2 %. *** an instrument is subject to conformity testing of its specifications. Depending on the classification, conformity compliance can be proven either by group- or individual compliance. -
Page 43: Appendix On Definition Of Pyranometer Specifications
1.6.3 reading. Zero offset a: response to 200 W/m net thermal radiation (ventilated). (200 W/m Hukseflux assumes that unventilated instruments have to specify 9060- thermal the zero-offset in unventilated – worst case – conditions. 1990 radiation ) Zero offsets are a measure of the stability of the zero-point. -
Page 44: Appendix On Terminology / Glossary
The former is the direct component, the latter is the diffuse component of the solar radiation. (ref: WMO, Hukseflux) Hemispherical solar radiation received by a plane surface from a 180 ° field of view angle (solid solar radiation angle of 2 π... -
Page 45: Eu Declaration Of Conformity
9.10 EU declaration of conformity Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. Delftechpark 31 2628 XJ Delft The Netherlands in accordance with the requirements of the following directive: 2014/30/EU The Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive hereby declare under our sole responsibility that: Product model: LP02... - Page 47 © 2016, Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. www.hukseflux.com Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. reserves the right to change specifications without notice.
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