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Summary of Contents for Hukseflux FHF04SC
- Page 1 Hukseflux Thermal Sensors USER MANUAL FHF04SC Self-calibrating foil heat flux sensor with thermal spreaders and heater Copyright by Hukseflux | manual v2101 | www.hukseflux.com | info@hukseflux.com...
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Page 2: Cautionary Statements
Failure to comply with a caution statement may lead to risk of minor or moderate physical injuries. NOTICE Failure to comply with a notice may lead to damage to equipment or may compromise reliable operation of the instrument. FHF04SC manual v2101 2/41... -
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Trouble shooting Calibration and checks in the field Appendices Appendix on wire extension Appendix on using FHF04SC with BLK – GLD sticker series Appendix on standards for calibration Appendix on calibration hierarchy Appendix on correction for temperature dependence Appendix on measurement range for different temperatures... -
Page 4: List Of Symbols
Sensitivity V/(W/m Temperature °C Thermal resistance per unit area K/(W/m²) thermal,A Area m² Electrical resistance Ω Electrical power subscripts property of heatsink heatsink property of heater heater property of sensor sensor maximum value, specification limit maximum FHF04SC manual v2101 4/41... -
Page 5: Introduction
(zero heat flux) core temperature measurement and thermal conductivity test equipment. FHF04SC measures heat flux through the object in which it is incorporated or on which it is mounted, in W/m . - Page 6 • calorimeter prototyping • (zero heat flux) non-invasive core temperature measurement • thermal conductivity test equipment Figure 0.2 Application example: FHF04SC being installed to measure heat flux on a pipe FHF04SC manual v2101 6/41...
- Page 7 See Chapter 2 in this manual for suggested solutions. Would you like to study energy transport / heat flux in detail? Hukseflux helps taking this measurement to the next level: order FHF04SC with radiation-absorbing black and radiation-reflecting gold stickers.
- Page 8 (also consider putting two or more FHF04s in • series) BLK - GLD sticker series to separate radiative and convective heat fluxes • Hukseflux offers a complete range of heat flux sensors with the highest quality for any • budget FHF04SC manual v2101...
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Page 9: Ordering And Checking At Delivery
FHF04SC with wires of the length as ordered • product certificate matching the instrument serial number • Figure 1.2.1 FHF04SC’s serial number and sensitivity are visible on the metal connection block. FHF04SC is delivered with bundled wiring. FHF04SC manual v2101 9/41... -
Page 10: Quick Instrument Check
7. Check the electrical resistance between the 2 yellow wires and the 2 brown wires. These resistances should be in the 0.1 Ω/m range, so 0.2 Ω in case of the standard 2 m wire length. FHF04SC manual v2101 10/41... -
Page 11: Instrument Principle And Theory
Instrument principle and theory FHF04SC’s scientific name is heat flux sensor. A heat flux sensor measures the heat flux density through the sensor itself. This quantity, expressed in W/m , is usually called “heat flux”. FHF04SC users typically assume that the measured heat flux is representative of the undisturbed heat flux at the location of the sensor. - Page 12 Φ = U/S (Formula 2.1.1) FHF04SC is designed such that heat flux from the back side to the front side generates a positive voltage output signal. The dot on the foil indicates the front side. Unique features of FHF04SC include flexibility (bending radius ≥ 15 x 10...
- Page 13 Figure 2.1.2 Heat flux from the back side to the front side generates a positive voltage output signal. The dot on the foil indicates the front side. FHF04SC manual v2101 13/41...
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Page 14: The Self-Test
In a typical calibration setup as shown in the next figure, the FHF04SC is positioned between an insulating material and a heatsink with the FHF04SC heater on the side of the insulating material. -
Page 15: Application Example
Heat flux (4) flows from hot to cold. Application example The FHF04SC heater can be used to check for stable performance of the FHF04SC at regular intervals without the need to uninstall the sensor from its application. - Page 16 The black HF and T signals are the reference curves at zero wind speed. The sensor is exposed to convection, which results in the blue responses: faster response times at lower heat flux and lower temperature rise. FHF04SC manual v2101 16/41...
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Page 17: Application Example: Non-Invasive Core Temperature Measurement
Application example: non-invasive core temperature measurement FHF04SC may be used for non-invasively measuring the core temperature of objects, for example of human beings. The measurement is usually done with a sandwich of objects – heat flux & temperature sensor-heater- insulation material. To determine the core temperature, the heater power should be adjusted such that the heat flux equals zero. -
Page 18: Specifications Of Fhf04Sc
Specifications of FHF04SC Specifications of FHF04SC FHF04SC measures the heat flux density through the surface of the sensor. This quantity, expressed in W/m , is called heat flux. Working completely passive, using a thermopile sensor, FHF04SC generates a small output voltage proportional to this flux. It can only be used in combination with a suitable measurement system. - Page 19 Table 3.1.1 Specifications of FHF04SC (started on previous page) Temperature sensor type T thermocouple Temperature sensor accuracy ± 2 % (of temperature in ˚C), see appendix for more information Standard wire length Wiring 3 x copper and 1 x constantan wire, AWG 24, stranded...
- Page 20 Table 3.1.1 Specifications of FHF04SC (started on previous pages) Calibration reference conditions 20 °C, heat flux of 600 W/m , mounted on aluminium heat sink, thermal conductivity of the surrounding environment 0.0 W/(m·K) Validity of calibration based on experience the instrument sensitivity will not change during storage.
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Page 21: Dimensions Of Fhf04Sc
Dimensions of FHF04SC Figure 3.2.1 FHF04SC heat flux sensor; dimensions in x 10 sensing area with thermal spreaders passive guard contour of the heater area for self-test type T thermocouple dot indicating front side metal connection block showing serial number and sensitivity... -
Page 22: Standards And Recommended Practices For Use
In many cases heat flux sensors are used for trend-monitoring. In such cases reproducibility is more important than absolute measurement accuracy. Figure 4.1.1 Example of an FHF04SC foil heat flux sensor being installed for measurement on an industrial pipe. The sensor is mounted on a well-prepared curved surface. -
Page 23: Installation Of Fhf04Sc
Installation of FHF04SC Site selection and installation Table 5.1.1 Recommendations for installation of FHF04SC heat flux sensors Location choose a location that is representative of the process that is analysed if possible, avoid exposure to sun, rain, etc. do not expose to drafts and lateral heat fluxes... - Page 24 Figure 5.1.1 Installation of FHF04SC using tape to fixate the sensor and the metal connection block. Extra strain relief on the wires is provided using cable tie mounts equipped with double sided tape as adhesive. As indicated in Table 5.1.1, tapes fixating the sensor are preferably taped over the passive guard area and not on the sensing area (the latter indicated by grey shading in Figure 5.1.1).
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Page 25: Installation On Curved Surfaces
Installation on curved surfaces The flexibility of the FHF04SC makes it perfectly suitable to be installed on singly curved surfaces. The sensor can be bent around any axis. Figure 5.2.1 Bending of an FHF series foil heat flux sensor, in this image on a pipe. -
Page 26: Electrical Connection
Electrical connection 5.3.1 Normal connection FHF04SC has two separate sets of wires, one set for the heat flux signal, and one set for the heater. The latter are yellow and grey. To read out the heat flux sensor, FHF04SC should be connected to a measurement system, such as a voltmeter, an amplifier, a datalogger or a data-acquisition (DAQ) system. - Page 27 2 [‒] voltage input [‒] or ground Brown thermocouple type T [+] White thermocouple type T [‒] The serial number and sensitivity of the individual sensors are shown on the FHF04SC product certificate and on the sticker. FHF04SC manual v2101 27/41...
- Page 28 5.3.3 Connection to read out half signals See the figure on the left: FHF04SC can be connected to read out only the heat flux through the left half of the sensing area or the heat flux though the right half of the sensing area. This feature may be used for quality assurance purposes;...
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Page 29: Requirements For Data Acquisition / Amplification
FHF04SC are available. In case a program for similar instruments is available, this can be used. FHF04SC can be treated in the same way as other heat flux sensors and (analogue) thermopile pyranometers. -
Page 30: Maintenance And Trouble Shooting
The preferred way to obtain a reliable measurement is a regular critical review of the measured data, preferably checking against other measurements. Table 6.1.1 Recommended maintenance of FHF04SC. If possible the data analysis is done on a daily basis MINIMUM RECOMMENDED HEAT FLUX SENSOR MAINTENANCE... -
Page 31: Trouble Shooting
Check the condition of the wires. Check the datalogger program in particular if the right sensitivity is entered. FHF04SC sensitivity and serial number are shown on the product certificate and on the sticker. Check if the correct thermocouple type is chosen in the datalogger program. -
Page 32: Calibration And Checks In The Field
On-site field calibration is possible by comparison to a calibration reference sensor. Usually mounted side by side, alternatively mounted on top of the field sensor. Hukseflux main recommendations for field calibrations are: 1) to compare to a calibration reference of the same brand and type as the field sensor... - Page 33 FHF04SC manual v2101 33/41...
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Page 34: Appendices
Appendices Appendix on wire extension FHF04SC is equipped with four wires. Standard wire length is 2 m. It is possible to order FHF04SC with longer wire lengths. Wires may act as a source of distortion by picking up capacitive noise. Keep the distance between data logger or amplifier and sensor as short as possible. -
Page 35: Appendix On Using Fhf04Sc With Blk - Gld Sticker Series
Figure 7.2.1 FHF04SC heat flux sensor: with BLK-5050 and GLD-5050 stickers Table 7.2.1 Recommendations for use of FHF04SC heat flux sensors with BLK – GLD stickers Mounting when mounting an FHF04SC with a BLK or GLD sticker, keep the... -
Page 36: Appendix On Standards For Calibration
Transducers specifies in chapter 6 that a guarded hot plate, a heat flowmeter, a hot box or a thin heater apparatus are all allowed. Hukseflux employs a thin heater apparatus, uses a linear function according to X1.1 and uses a nominal temperature of 20 °C, in accordance with X2.2. -
Page 37: Appendix On Correction For Temperature Dependence
Φ = U/(S∙(1 + 0.002∙(T – 20))) (Formula 7.5.1) with Φ the heat flux in W/m², U the FHF04SC voltage output in V, S the sensitivity in V/(W/m²) at 20 °C and T the FHF04SC temperature. S is shown on the product certificate and on FHF04SC’s metal connection block. -
Page 38: Appendix On Measurement Range For Different Temperatures
Appendix on measurement range for different temperatures The measurement range of FHF04SC is specified as (-10 to +10) x 10 at 20 °C heat sink temperature. This is a very conservative specification. In reality, the rated operating temperature continuous range of +120 °C is the limiting specification. -
Page 39: Appendix On Temperature Measurement Accuracy
This thermocouple is supplied as a secondary measurement, in addition to the main heat flux measurement. The FHF04SC thermocouple wires are specified as a type T thermocouple, IEC 60584- 1:2013 class 2.. They consist of a positive copper (Cu) wire and a negative constantan ) wire. -
Page 40: Eu Declaration Of Conformity
EU declaration of conformity Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. Delftechpark 31 2628 XJ Delft The Netherlands in accordance with the requirements of the following directive: 2011/65/EU, The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (EU) 2015/863 hereby declare under our sole responsibility that:... - Page 41 © 2021, Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. www.hukseflux.com Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. reserves the right to change specifications without notice.
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