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Automatic flash and pre-flash activation –
(to reduce "red eye" effect)
"Red eye" effect is caused by light from the flash reflecting off the cornea
straight back to the camera and can occur when taking portrait and group
photos. It is therefore best if the people being photographed do not look
straight at the camera. As the effect is worsened when the pupils are wide
open in low light conditions, when taking photographs indoors for exam-
ple, you should switch on as much room lighting as possible, so that the
pupils become narrower.
Due to the pre-flash, which is triggered shortly before the main flash by
pressing the shutter release button, the pupils of the person looking at the
camera contract to reduce the "red eye effect".
Manual flash activation –
For backlit pictures, where your main subject does not fill the frame and is
in shadow, or in cases where you want to moderate high contrasts (e.g. in
direct sunlight) (fill-in flash).
As long as this mode is activated, the flash unit is fired for every picture,
regardless of the prevailing lighting conditions, otherwise the functioning
corresponds exactly with those modes with automatic flash activation.
In this case, flash performance is controlled depending on the outdoor
brightness metered: in poor light as with the automatic mode, with in-
creasing ambient brightness, however, with reduced output (up to a maxi-
2
mum of –1
/
EV). The flash then works as a fill-in light, for example to illu-
3
minate dark shadows in the foreground or backlit subjects, in order to ob-
tain more balanced lighting overall.
Manual flash and pre-flash activation –
For the combination of the situations and functions described most re-
cently above.
Automatic flash activation with slower shutter speeds –
For simultaneous more appropriate (brighter) reproduction, particularly for
dark backgrounds and flash fill-in for the foreground. To minimize the risk
of blurring, the shutter speed is not extended beyond
modes with flash activation. For pictures where the flash is used, this
means that objects in the background, which the flash cannot reach, are
often badly underexposed.
To take appropriate account of the available ambient light, the longer shut-
ter speeds necessary in these exposure situations (up to 30 s) are permit-
ted here.
Note:
The longest shutter speed used by the camera can be determined with the
AUTO ISO Settings (3.3, see p. 95).
Also depending on the AUTO ISO Setup settings, slower shutter speeds
may not have to be set by the camera since in such cases its priority is to
raise the ISO sensitivity first.
Automatic flash and pre-flash activation with
slower shutter speeds –
For the combination of the situations and functions described immediately
above.
109
1
/
s in the other
30
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