Tektronix RSA6100A Series Help Manual
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Tektronix RSA6100A Series Help Manual

Tektronix RSA6100A Series Help Manual

Real-time spectrum analyzers
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Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers
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  • Page 1 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Printed Help Document *P077016903* 077-0169-03...
  • Page 3 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Printed Help Document www.tektronix.com 077-0169-03...
  • Page 4 Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Setting Up Network Connections ................Operating Your Instrument Restoring Default Settings..................Running Alignments ....................Application Presets ....................Setting Options..................... Using the Measurement Displays Selecting Displays ....................Taking Measurements Measurements Available Measurements ..................General Signal Viewing Overview ......................RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 6 Common Controls for General Signal Viewing Displays General Signal Viewing Shared Measurement Settings ..........Analog Modulation Overview ......................AM Display ....................AM Settings ....................FM Display ....................FM Settings....................PM Display ....................PM Settings....................RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 7 Pulse Table Display Pulse Table Display..................Pulse Table Settings ..................Pulse Trace Display Pulse Trace Display..................Pulse Trace Settings ..................Pulse Statistics Pulse Statistics Display..................Pulse Statistics Settings ..................Common Controls for Pulsed RF Displays RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 8 Common Controls for GP Digital Modulation Displays GP Digital Modulation Shared Measurement Settings ..........Standard Settings Button................... Symbol Maps Symbol Maps....................User Filters Overview: User Defined Measurement and Reference Filters......... User Filter File Format ..................RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 9 Analyzing Data Using Replay Replay Overview ................... Replay Menu ....................Play All Selected Records ................. Play Current ....................Play from Selected................... Pause ......................Stop......................Select All ....................Select Records from History................Replay Toolbar ....................RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 10 Connecting Signals Configure In/Out Settings.................. Connecting an RF Signal .................. Connecting a Signal Using a TekConnect Probe ............Connecting External Trigger Signals ..............Digital I/Q Output ..................IQ Outputs ....................Analog IF Output ................... RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 11 Error and Information Messages ................Displaying the Windows Event Viewer ..............On/Standby Switch On/Standby Switch ..................Upgrading the Instrument Software How to Find Out If Instrument Software Upgrades Are Available........Changing Settings Settings....................... Glossary Index RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 12 Table of Contents viii RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 13: Welcome

    This help provides in-depth information on how to use the RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers. This online help contains the most complete descriptions of how to use the spectrum analyzer. For a shorter introduction to the spectrum analyzer, refer to the RSA6100A Series Real Time Spectrum Analyzer Quick Start User Manual.

  • Page 14: About Tektronix Spectrum Analyzers

    Your Tektronix Spectrum Analyzer Your Tektronix Spectrum Analyzer The RSA6100A Series will help you to easily discover design issues that other signal analyzers may miss. The revolutionary DPX spectrum display offers an intuitive live color view of signal transients changing over time in the frequency domain, giving you immediate confidence in the stability of your design,...

  • Page 15: Product Software

    Occasionally new versions of software for your instrument may become available at our Web site. Visit www.tektronix.com/software for information. Software and Hardware Upgrades Tektronix may offer software or hardware upgrade kits for this instrument. Contact your local Tektronix distributor or sales office for more information. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 16: Standard Accessories

    About Tektronix Spectrum Analyzers > Accessories Standard Accessories Standard Accessories The standard accessories for the RSA6100A Series instruments are shown below. For the latest information on available accessories, see the Tektronix Web site Quick Start User Manual English - Option L0, Tektronix part number 071-1909-XX...

  • Page 17: Recommended Accessories

    No power cord or AC adapter - Option A99 Optical Wheel Mouse Product Software CD Recommended Accessories The recommended accessories for the RSA6100A Series instruments are shown in the following table. For the latest information on available accessories, see the Tektronix Web site Item...

  • Page 18: Options Options

    Options To view a listing of the software options installed on your instrument, select Help > About Your Tektronix Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer. There is a label on the rear-panel of the instrument that lists installed hardware options. Options can be added to your instrument. For the latest information on available option upgrades, see Tektronix Web site.

  • Page 19: Documentation

    It is located on the Documents CD. Declassification and Security Instructions (077-0170-XX) This document helps customers with data security concerns to sanitize or remove memory devices from the RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers. It is located on the Documents CD.

  • Page 20: Orientation

    1 mA). Trig In External Trigger input connector, –2.5 V to +2.5 V (user settable). USB 1.1 USB 1.1 Mouse connector. USB 2.0 USB 2.0 connector. RF Input RF input connector 50 Ω. Front-Panel Controls RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 21 Viewing displays. Amplitude Opens/closes the Amplitude control Setup > Amplitude panel. BW (Spectrum) Press to adjust the bandwidth or press and hold to display the BW control panel for the General Signal Viewing displays. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 22 Reference Item Function Menu Equivalent Keypad Enters values in numeric controls. Enter Completes data entry in controls. Same as pressing the Enter key on an external keyboard. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 23: Touch Screen

    Touch-Screen Actions You can use the touch screen to change marker settings and how waveforms are displayed by using the Touch-screen Actions menu. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 24 To use the Touch-screen Actions menu, touch the display in a graph area and hold for one second, then remove your finger. You can also use a mouse to display the Touch-screen Action menu by clicking the right mouse button. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 25 Use to visually define trigger parameters in the DPX Spectrum display. Touch-Screen Menu for Spurious Display The Touch-screen actions menu in the Spurious display has some minor changes compared to the standard version used in other displays. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 26: Elements Of The Display

    Multi on the Settings > Parameters tab. Moves the selected marker to the selected spur. Marker -> Sel Spur Elements of the Display The main areas of the application window are shown in the following figure. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 27 Orientation Elements of the Display Specific elements of the display are shown in the following figure. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 28 Orientation Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 29 Continuous, the instrument will run continuously until you stop the acquisitions. Check mark indicator The check mark indicator in the upper, left-hand corner of the display indicates the display for which the acquisition hardware is optimized. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 30: Rear-Panel Connectors

    PC based on Windows XP. See Help and Support in the Windows Start menu to access the Windows Help System for information on setting up network connections. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 31: Operating Your Instrument

    NOTE. If you must use the instrument before it has completed its 20-minute warm-up period, you should perform an alignment to ensure accurate measurements. Initiating an Alignment 1. Select Setup > Alignments. 2. Select the Align Now button. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 32: Application Presets

    Alignments are adjustment procedures run by the instrument using internal reference signals and measurements. Calibrations can only be performed at a Tektronix service center and require the use of traceable test equipment (signal sources and measuring equipment) to verify the performance of the instrument.
  • Page 33 Pulse Analysis The Pulse Analysis application preset opens the following displays: DPX Spectrum: The DPX spectrum display is opened with the maximum available span. Time Overview: Shows amplitude vs. time over the analysis period. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 34 3X compared to the auto settings. If Option 110 is not installed, no improvement in sweep speed is gained by minimizing sweep time. To use the either of the spectrum analysis application presets: RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 35 Spectrogram time axis (vertical axis) to -2, which means that the Spectrogram has done two levels of time compression, resulting in one visible line for each four transforms. This results in 167 lines in the Spectrogram for each acquisition, each covering 29.84 μs. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 36: Setting Options

    Create a Setup file and save a copy of it to C:\RSA6100A Files\Application Presets. The name you give the file will be shown in the Application Presets list along with the sets provided by Tektronix. For instructions on how to save a Setup file, see Saving Data (see page 333).
  • Page 37 Blizzard — This scheme displays graphs with a white background to save ink when printing. Classic — The default setting. This scheme displays the graph area with a black background. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 38: Selecting Displays

    The check mark indicator in the upper, left-hand corner of the display indicates the display for which the acquisition hardware is optimized. Depending on instrument settings, some displays might stop displaying results if they are not the selected display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 39: Taking Measurements

    (located in the CCDF display). CCDF The Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF). CCDF shows how much time a signal spends at or above a given power level relative to the average power of a measured signal. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 40 Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 41 Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 42 Number of symbols in the analysis area. Analog Modulation Measurements Measurements for AM modulation Measurement Description Positive peak AM value. Negative peak AM value. Total AM Total AM value, which is equal to the peak-peak AM value divided by 2. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 43 Ripple results will be in %Volts. For log units, the Ripple results will be in %Watts. The default for the general Units control is dBm, so the Ripple results default is %Watts. See also Ripple (see page 391). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 44 The difference in time between the main lobe and highest side lobe. Time This is the time in seconds relative to the time reference point in the first acquisition record in the data set. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 45: General Signal Viewing

    RF I & Q vs Time Spectrogram Spectrum Time Overview These displays provide extensive time-correlated multi-domain views that connect problems in time, frequency, phase and amplitude for enabling you to more quickly understand cause and effect when troubleshooting. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 46: Dpx Primer

    DPX spectrum display (Figure 3). The signal captured is a typical WLAN interchange between a nearby PC and a more-distant network access point (AP). The laptop signal is nearly 30 dB stronger than the AP’s signal because it is closer to the measuring antenna. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 47 The laptop signal, in yellow, green and blue, has higher amplitude but doesn’t occur nearly as often as the AP transmissions because the laptop was downloading a file when this screen capture was taken. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 48 Fourier transform on each record, continually producing spectral waveforms. RF signals are downconverted and sampled into a continuous data stream. Samples are segmented into data records for FFT processing based on the selected resolution bandwidth. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 49 One of the nine spectrums happened to be computed as a time during which the signal was absent, as you can see by the string of “1” occurrence counts at the noise floor. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 50 Figure 6. Example Color-mapping algorithm The result of coloring the database cells, Figure 7, according to the number of times they were written into by the nine spectrums, one per pixel on the screen, creates the DPX displays. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 51 The signals used to create this bitmap are fairly diffused in both frequency and amplitude, so most pixels have low occurrence counts or density values and the upper half of the color palette is unused. Figure 8. DPX spectrum bitmap with default color scale settings. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 52 Using the same signal shown in Figures 8 and 9, the impact of the Curve control can be observed. With the Curve control set to 1 in the Scale tab, shown in Figure 11, the mapping between color and density is RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 53 50%. Figure 13. For color curve settings greater than 1, better contrast is provided for events near the low end of the density range. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 54 The entire instrument frequency range of many GHz can be covered in a DPX sweep. The Dwell Time control sets the amount of time DPX spends in each segment. This control, circled in Figure 15, can be set between 50 ms and 100 seconds. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 55 RSAs, on the other hand, capture data across all frequencies within their real-time span during every acquisition. With Tektronix’ exclusive Frequency Mask trigger and DPX Density trigger, POI increases to 100%, insuring capture of any spectral event matching the trigger definition. When operating in free run as a simple spectrum analyzer, the RSA has a POI similar to other FFT-based analyzers, with gaps between each acquisition.
  • Page 56 General Signal Viewing > DPX Spectrum DPX Primer Table 2: Minimum signal duration specifications for RSA6100A series spectrum analyzers (cont.) Span Span/RBW MSD for (MHz) (kHz) Ratio Length Spectrum/sec 100% POI (μs) 1100 4096 73,242 41.0 3667 16384 18,311 163.9...
  • Page 57 24 counts has a 48% density. In practice, instead of batches of 50 waveforms, we collect a frame of thousands of waveforms before each update to the density bitmap. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 58 DPX Spectrum display. In Figure 20, Wireless LAN signals are analyzed in the presence of a Bluetooth radio signal in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 59 Figure 21. The bar chart x axis is bitmap row number, numbering from the top of the table. Table 3: Bitmap section showing density values. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 60 The Peak button and its menu equivalent place the active marker on the peak signal in Figure 22. The peak signal is the density peak of highest amplitude in the bitmap. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 61 Since 100% of the waveforms written to the bitmap passed through the box, the density for the box is 100%. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 62 A readout will appear somewhere in the graph. If the box is off-screen, the readout will be accompanied by an arrow pointing towards the invisible box. Grab this readout with your mouse or finger and drag the density readout to the area you want to measure. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 63 As part of translating hit counts into density values, a new software algorithm uses a finite-series equation to discriminate between the effects of persistence and the arrival of new hits. The inflationary effects of RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 64 Table 3. Table 4: Comparison of DPX z-axis resolution and its effect on saturation. RSA6100A Series Standard RSA6100A Series Option 200 Hit Count 16-bit integer 36-bit custom float (equivalent to 33-bit integer) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 65 first frame, is turned off. Even if the event was instantaneous and was confined within a single frame, you will observe the color changing to indicate lower and lower density values, until the signal finally disappears entirely. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 66 The only thinking you have to do is to set this threshold to a level somewhere between the normal density readings and the density due to the trouble-making signal. However, the instrument software can compute the threshold value automatically. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 67 DPX Spectrum display, or pressing and holding your finger on the RSA6100A Series touchscreen display for about a second, a menu selection will appear. Selecting Trigger On This causes a DPX Density box to appear and automatically adjusts the threshold. The DPX Spectrum display will now only update whenever the automatic threshold is exceeded.
  • Page 68 Even when the density measurement reading in the display is averaged over many frames due to persistence, the trigger is computing density for each frame and comparing these quick snapshots against the threshold setting. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 69: Dpx Spectrum Overview

    5. Click the Add button. This will add the DPX Spectrum icon to the Selected Displays box (and remove it from the Available displays box). 6. Click the OK button. This displays the DPX Spectrum view. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 70 "Enable". In the following figure, you can tell that the Bitmap and -Peak Trace traces are displayed but the +Peak, Average, and Math Traces are not displayed. Selecting Enable -Peak Trace from the Trace list displays the -Peak detected values trace. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 71 You control how the +Peak, –Peak and Average (Avg (VRMS)) traces are displayed from the Traces tab of the Settings control panel. From the Traces tab, you can also specify whether these traces display results from single updates or results collected over multiple updates. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 72 Instead of +Pk, –Pk, and Avg traces, you can select Trace 1, 2 , and 3. Additionally, you can set the Detection method for each of these traces to +Pk, -Pk, or Avg (VRMS). Reference. Changing the DPX Spectrum Display Settings (see page 61) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 73: Dpx Spectrum Settings

    The Traces tab for the DPX Spectrum display has two versions: one for the DPX Bitmap trace (described in this topic) and one for line traces (see page 63). Option 200 traces tab (Bitmap trace) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 74 1000 in the base instrument, and from 0.05 to 100 seconds with Option 200. Saving Traces To save a trace for later analysis: 1. Select the Save Trace As button. This displays the Save As dialog box. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 75 The Traces Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed traces in the DPX Spectrum display. The Traces tab for the DPX Spectrum display has two versions. One for non-Bitmap traces (described in this topic) and one for the DPX Bitmap trace (see page 61). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 76 Watts) or Log (dB, dBm), the correct RMS value results. When the averaging function is applied to a trace, the averaging is performed on the linear (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 77 2. Type a name for the saved trace and click Save. Recalling Traces You can recall a previously saved trace for comparison to a live trace. First, specify a trace for recall and second, enable Show Recalled Trace. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 78 3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 4. Verify that the trace’s Show check box is selected (either on this tab or next to the drop-down list located at the top-left corner of the graph). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 79 1) or the mapping can be set to show the best resolution on the upper range of density or hit count (Curve < 1). Auto Color Adjusts the Max and Min settings to display the broadest range of colors. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 80 Specifies the frequency at the center of the measurement box. The +/- value specifies the width of the measurement box. Amplitude Specifies the amplitude of the center of the measurement box. The +/- value specifies the height of the measurement box. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 81 (either the front-panel knob or the Freq control in the application). To use a marker to specify the frequency to be demodulated: 1. Select Markers > Define Markers to display the Define Markers control panel. 2. Select Add to turn on the next marker. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 82 In this case, the upper and lower limits of the Receiver BW exceed the upper and lower limits of the acquisition bandwidth. When this occurs, audio demodulation will be disabled and an error message is displayed. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 83 In this case, the upper and lower limits of the Receiver BW fall within the upper and lower limits of the acquisition bandwidth. This is the desired relationship between the three settings, and audio demodulation is enabled. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 84: Time Overview Display

    Spectrum display is also used for measurement displays; however, they do not have to be tied together. They are by default specified separately and used to analyze different parts of the acquisition record. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 85 NOTE. The area with black background (not gray) in the Amplitude vs. Time Graph highlights the control selected in the Analysis Time Control drop-down list. Changing the Time Overview Display Settings (see page 74) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 86: Time Overview Settings

    Freeze Halts updates to the selected trace. Save Trace As Saves the selected trace to a file for later recall and analysis. Show Recalled trace Displays a saved trace instead of a live trace. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 87 Once the specified number of traces have been acquired and averaged to generate the displayed trace, each new trace takes the place of the oldest trace in the calculation. The Number of Traces setting specifies how many traces averaged. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 88 1. Select the trace into which the recalled trace will be loaded, from the Trace drop-down list. 2. Check the Show check box. 3. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 89 5. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 6. Verify that the trace’s Show check box is selected (either on this tab or next to the drop-down list located at the top-left corner of the graph). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 90: Spectrum Display

    Selected displays box (and removes it from the Available displays box). Alternatively, you can click the Spectrum icon and then click the Add button to select Spectrum for display. 4. Click the OK button. Elements of the Spectrum Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 91 Touch marker to select and Adjust the setting associated with the Marker. then use knob, or arrow keys Touch and drag a marker Changes marker position to the "drop point". Changing the Spectrum Display Settings (see page 80) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 92: Spectrum Settings

    Sets the traces used to create the Math trace. Scale Tab (see page 81) Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters. Prefs Tab (see page 106) Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 93 Allows you pan the graph. Autoscale Resets Scale to the Span setting. Reset Scale Resets all settings to their default values. Log scale Resets the display to show the frequency axis in a logarithmic scale. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 94: Spectrogram Display

    3. Double-click the Spectrogram icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Spectrogram icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the spectrogram view. 5. To display a 3-D version of the spectrogram, select the 3-D checkbox. Elements of the Spectrogram Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 95 When the analysis length is relatively long, the blue line appears more like a blue bar. Position scroll bar Changes the position of the trace in the window. Changing the position scroll bar is the same as adjusting the Pos setting. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 96 Analysis Length > 2x RBW frame length. The Spectrogram can show results from one or multiple acquisitions and it can show one or multiple lines for each acquisition. Changing the Spectrogram Display Settings (see page 85) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 97: Spectrogram Settings

    Displays the time at the Selected Line. If Markers are enabled, the selected line is positioned by the selected marker. If no markers are enabled, the selected line is the first line in the current analysis period. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 98 Time & Freq Scale Tab The Time and Freq Scale tab allows you to change the vertical and horizontal scale settings, enable the 3-D Waterfall display, and set the color scheme used for the spectrogram trace. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 99 31,250. During each line’s collection period, spectrum transforms are computed for each acquisition taken by the instrument. As each transform completes, it is incorporated into the current spectrogram line. How each RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 100 (Settings > Trace). For example, if Detection is set to +Peak, each spectrogram line is effectively a peak hold display of all the spectral data captured since the prior line. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 101: Amplitude Vs Time Display

    3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Amplitude vs. Time icon or select the icon and click Add. The Amplitude vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 102: Amplitude Vs Time Settings

    Traces (Math) (see page 103) Sets the traces used to create the Math trace. Scale (see page 105) Sets the vertical and horizontal scale parameters. Prefs (see page 106) Specifies whether certain display elements are visible. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 103 The frequency span used for analysis in the Amplitude vs. Time display. If the spectrum display is open, the span is automatically set to the analyzer bandwidth. Time-domain Bandwidth Time-domain Bandwidth is a filter used to process the input signal before the acquisition system analyzes the signal. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 104: Frequency Vs Time Display

    Add. The Frequency vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to display the Freq vs. Time display. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 105: Frequency Vs Time Settings

    Sets the frequency and span parameters. Trace (see page 99) Sets the trace display parameters. Scale (see page 105) Sets the Vertical and Horizontal scale and offset parameters. Prefs (see page 106) Specifies whether certain display elements are visible. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 106: Phase Vs Time Display

    Add. The Phase vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to show the Phase vs. Time display. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 107: Phase Vs Time Settings

    Sets the frequency and span parameters. Trace (see page 99) Sets the trace display parameters. Scale (see page 105) Sets the Vertical and Horizontal scale and offset parameters. Prefs (see page 106) Specifies whether certain display elements are visible. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 108: Rf I & Q Vs Time Display

    3. Double-click the RF I&Q vs. Time icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the RF I & Q vs. Time icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 109: Rf I & Q Vs Time Settings

    Sets the frequency and span parameters. Trace (see page 99) Sets the trace display parameters. Scale (see page 105) Sets the Vertical and Horizontal scale and offset parameters. Prefs (see page 106) Specifies whether certain display elements are visible. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 110: Common Controls For General Signal Viewing Displays

    Freq & Span Tab The Freq & Span tab provides access to settings that control frequency settings for the trace display. The control values set in this tab are shared by all the General Signal Viewing displays. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 111 Setting Not Automatically Changed a Result Start Center, Span Stop Stop Center, Span Start Center Start, Stop Span Span Start, Stop Center Traces Tab The Traces Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed traces. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 112 +Peak – The highest value is selected from the results to be compressed into a trace point. -Peak – The lowest value is selected from the results to be compressed into a trace point. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 113 Saving Traces To save a trace for later analysis: 1. Select the Save TraceAs button. This displays the Save As dialog box. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 114 5. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 6. Verify that the trace’s Show check box is selected (either on this tab or next to the drop-down list located at the top-left corner of the graph). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 115 Selects which traces serve as Trace A and Trace B. BW Tab The BW (bandwidth) tab allows you to change Resolution Bandwidth and Video Bandwidth settings, and set the windowing method used by the transform process by selecting a filter shape. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 116 Best frequency resolution, poor side-lobe level and amplitude accuracy. FlatTop Best amplitude accuracy, best representation of brief events captured near the beginning or end of the time-domain data frame, poor frequency resolution. Hanning Good frequency resolution, high side-lobe roll-off rate. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 117 Sets the period of time shown in the graph. Offset Allows you to pan a zoomed trace. Autoscale Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. Reset Scale Resets all settings to their default values. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 118 The elements of the Show Parameter Readouts are: 100% POI – This is the minimum event duration required to ensure 100% Probability of Intercept or event capture. This duration depends on interaction between span, RBW, and FFT length. You can RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 119 FFT points mean that the instrument is taking a longer string of input samples for each FFT, which decreases the time resolution. Minimum FFT length versus trace length (independent of span and RBW), Option 200 Trace length (points) Minimum FFT length 1,024 2,401 4,096 4,001 8,192 10,401 16,384 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 120: Analog Modulation

    Analog Modulation Overview Overview The displays in the Analog Modulation folder (Displays > Folders > Analog Modulation) are: The Analog Modulation displays provide measurements and time-domain trace displays. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 121: Am Display

    3. Double-click the AM icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the AM icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the AM display. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 122: Am Settings

    Scale (see page 114) Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters. Prefs (see page 115) Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown. Specifies the maximum number of points shown in the display graph. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 123 The instrument represents signals in a sampled form. The sampled envelope can be expressed as a function of sample index K and sampling period T as: The instrument allows the choice of two methods for estimating the carrier amplitude: RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 124 Avg (VRMS) are all equal. Changing the Spectrum Length causes the available detection methods to differ in value because they have a larger set of samples for the various detection methods to process. The available detection methods are: RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 125 1. Select the Save Trace As button. This displays the Save As dialog box. 2. Navigate to the desired folder or use the default. 3. Type a name for the saved trace and click Save. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 126 Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph. Position Adjusts the position of the acquisition record shown at the left edge of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to provide the optimum display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 127 Max trace points setting (except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 128: Fm Display

    3. Double-click the FM icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the FM icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the FM display. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 129 If Freq Error is displayed, it also indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is Auto. If Freq Offset is displayed, it indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is manual. Changing the FM Settings (see page 118) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 130: Fm Settings

    Scale (see page 122) Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters. Prefs (see page 123) Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown. Specifies the maximum number of points shown in the display graph. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 131 Auto check box is deselected, the carrier frequency is specified by adding/subtracting the specified Frequency offset from the center frequency. Pressing the Load from marker button loads the marker frequency into the Frequency offset box. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 132 Watts) or Log (dB, dBm), the correct RMS value results. When the averaging function is applied to a trace, the averaging is performed on the linear (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 133 1. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. 2. Navigate to the desired file and click Open. 3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 4. Verify that the Show check box is selected. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 134 Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph. Position Adjusts the position of the acquisition record shown at the left edge of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to provide the optimum display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 135 Max trace points setting (except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 136: Pm Display

    When taking measurements, only the first burst in the Analysis period is analyzed. No trace points are shown for data outside the first detected burst, nor are measurements made on data outside the first detected burst. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 137 If Freq Error is displayed, it also indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is Auto. If Freq Offset is displayed, it indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is manual. Changing the PM Settings (see page 126) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 138: Pm Settings

    Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown. Specifies the maximum number of points shown in the display graph. Parameters Tab The Parameters tab enables you to specify parameters that control the carrier frequency and phase detection. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 139 Phase offset is set to 10°, the waveform shifts upward by 10° on screen. Selecting Load from marker sets the phase offset to the value of the selected marker. Range: –180 to +180°. Trace Tab The Traces Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed trace. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 140 (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values. Trace Processing Traces can be processed to display in different ways. The Function setting controls trace processing. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 141 1. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. 2. Navigate to the desired file and click Open. 3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 4. Verify that the Show check box is selected. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 142 Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph. Position Adjusts the phase shown at the left edge of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to show the entire trace within the graph. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 143 Max trace points setting (except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 144: Rf Measurements

    (located in the CCDF display). CCDF The Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF). CCDF shows how much time a signal spends at or above a given power level relative to the average power of a measured signal. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 145: Channel Power And Acpr (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio) Display

    5. Press the Settings button. This displays the control panel for Chan Power and ACPR (the tab displayed will be the tab displayed the last time the Settings panel was opened). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 146 The power measured for the Main channel. The detection type used for measuring channel power and adjacent channel powers is Average. This means that the average of the linear (pre-log) samples is used to determine the power. The Main channel power is displayed in dBm. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 147 In the 3GPP specification, both the main channel and adjacent channels are required to be filtered with RRC (Root Raised Cosine) filters. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 148: Channel Power And Acpr Settings

    Specifies whether certain display elements are visible. Restore defaults. Sets parameters for a 1-channel WCDMA measurement. Channels Tab for ACPR The Channels tab is where you specify parameters for the channels measured in the ACPR display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 149 NOTE. As you change the value for the number of adjacent pairs, the analyzer will update the spectrum display to identify the adjacent channels. 3. Select the Close box when you have finished making changes. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 150 2. Enter a value for the difference in center frequency between channels using the knob or the keypad. NOTE. As you change the value for the number of adjacent pairs, the analyzer will update the display to indicate the channel bandwidth 3. Select Close when you have finished making changes. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 151: Mcpr (Multiple Carrier Power Ratio) Display

    9. To prevent a main channel power level from being included in the Power Reference (Total) calculation, select the channel to be excluded in the Inactive box. 10. To add adjacent channels, click the Add... button under Adj Chans. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 152 MCPR measurement results are displayed both in the spectrum graph and in a table below the spectrum display. Individual Main channel power measurements appear in the graph under their channel identifiers. Individual adjacent channel power ratios also appear in the graph under the adjacent channel identifier. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 153 Depending on the number of adjacent channels, to see all the measurements, you might need to drag the divider bar between the main display and the results table at the bottom of the window to change the height of the results table. Setting MCPR Measurement Parameters (see page 144) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 154: Mcpr Settings

    Scale (see page 203) Specifies the vertical and horizontal scale and offset values. Prefs (see page 204) Specifies whether or not certain display elements are shown. Restore Defaults. Sets parameters for a 4-carrier WCDMA measurement. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 155 NOTE. If you are following a procedure that says to “set VBW to three times the RBW value or greater”, it means that the test should be conducted with no VBW effects. In the RSA6100A Series instruments, this condition is met by disabling the VBW function.
  • Page 156 RF Measurements > MCPR Measurement Params for ACPR and MCPR Displays Measurement Params for ACPR and MCPR Displays The Measurement Params tab is where you set parameters that control the ACPR and MCPR measurements. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 157 There are two settings for Optimization: Dynamic Range and Realtime BW. Realtime BW: Choose Realtime BW when you want to see time-correlated results in other displays. Optimizing for real-time bandwidth causes the instrument to set its acquisition bandwidth to span the RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 158 Channels Tab for MCPR Path: Setup > Settings > Channels Application Toolbar / Front Panel: Settings The Channels tab is where you specify the parameters for the channels measured in the MCPR display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 159 2. Adjust the value as required. All the Main channels share the same BW and Spacing. 3. Select the appropriate check box to make a channel Inactive, as appropriate. 4. Select the Close box when you have finished making changes. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 160 1. Select the channel to be deleted in the channel definition table. 2. Select Delete. This removes the selected channel from the channel table. 3. Select the Close box when you have finished making changes. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 161: Occupied Bw & X Db Bw Display

    3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Occupied Bandwidth icon or select the icon and click Add. The Occupied Bandwidth icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to display the Occupied Bandwidth. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 162 The signal level at the right edge of the occupied bandwidth. OBW Ref Power The total power measured within the measurement bandwidth. x dB BW Ref Power The peak power measured within the measurement bandwidth. Changing the Occupied Bandwidth Settings (see page 151) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 163: Occupied Bw & X Db Bw Settings

    Max Hold function. Scale (see page 203) Allows you to set the vertical and horizontal scale parameters. Prefs (see page 204) The Prefs tab enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 164 Max Hold displays the maximum value in the acquisition record for each display point. Each new trace display point is compared to the previous maximum value and the greater value is retained for display and subsequent comparisons. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 165: Spurious Display

    Selected displays box (and removes it from the Available displays box). Alternatively, you can click the Spurious icon and then click the Add button to select Spectrum for display. 4. Click the OK button. Elements of the Spurious Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 166 Adjusts the Vertical and Horizontal scaling to display the entire trace on screen. Selects Multi-range display mode. Bottom-of-graph readout Indicates the amplitude at the bottom of the graph. This value changes with the dB/div and Vertical Position settings. Elements of the Spurious Graph Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 167 Indicates the range selected on the Settings > Limits (see page 164) Settings > Ranges (see page 162) tabs. Indicates the location of the power reference. See Settings > Reference (see page 159). Elements of the Spur Table RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 168 Freq Abs heading, the results in the Spur table will be sorted by frequency. If you click on Range, the rows will be sorted by range. Clicking a second time on the same heading reverses the order. Changing the Spurious Display Settings (see page 157) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 169: Spurious Display Settings

    Prefs (see page 204) Specifies the appearance features of the graph area. Restore defaults. Sets the Spurious parameters to their default values. Parameters Tab The Parameters tab enables you to specify settings that control the Spurious measurement. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 170 Minimize noise. This mode increases the system gain at points past the RF mixer. This has the effect of reducing the displayed average noise level. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 171 Reference Tab The Reference tab enables you to specify the Power Reference parameter. The Power reference parameter is used to calculate relative values in the Spur table and to calculate relative amplitude limits. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 172 To set the power reference to manual level: 1. Select Manual level from the Power reference drop-down list. This displays the Reference power level entry box. 2. Specify the desired power level in the Reference power level entry box. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 173 NOTE. If the power level measured over the Integration BW about the carrier frequency is below the threshold level, the instrument concludes that no carrier is present and no relative measurements will be taken. Absolute measurements will still be taken. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 174 Ranges and Limits tabs associated with the enabled ranges. Save table Click to save the current Range table to a file. Load table Click to load a saved Range table from a file. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 175 To specify the spur requirements for a range: 1. Select the Range for which you want to specify the spur requirements. 2. Set the Threshold value. 3. Set the Excursion value. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 176 Fail on the screen. If no signal peak exceeds the limits, the instrument displays Pass on the screen. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 177 2. Press Limits to display the Limits tab. 3. Press Edit to display the Range and Carrier Frequencies dialog box. 4. Adjust the start and stop frequencies as required for each range you want to test. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 178 10. Verify that the Threshold and Excursion values on the Ranges (see page 162) tab are set as required. These are the values that define a spur. 11. Press the close box to remove the Settings panel. 12. Click Run to begin testing. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 179: Ccdf Display

    2. From the Folders box, select RF Measurements. 3. Double-click the CCDF icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the CCDF icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. Elements of the CCDF Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 180: Ccdf Settings

    Select the trace to be measured and select reference trace for display. Prefs (see page 204) Specifies whether on not certain display elements are shown. Restore defaults. Sets the CCDF parameters to their default values. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 181 If the Actual Analysis time is less than 1 ms, the CCDF Display will measure the data as best if can, but if it receives fewer than 20 samples, the CCDF display will clear the trace and report "Not enough samples". RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 182: Phase Noise Display

    Phase Noise icon and then click the Add button to select Phase Noise for display, or drag the Phase Noise icon to the Selected Displays box. 4. Click the OK button. Elements of the Phase Noise Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 183 Readout of the Left Horizontal frequency value. Affects only visual scaling, not measurement bandwidth. (See Settings > Scale (see page 122)) Measurement results Display of the different measured values. readouts Elements of the Measurement Results Readout / Phase Noise Table RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 184 After acquisition and calculation, the spectrum is corrected to display power in a 1 Hz bandwidth referenced to the carrier power (dBc/Hz). The correction algorithm does not discriminate between noise signals and coherent signals in making the dBc/Hz correction. Since all measured signals are corrected as RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 185 filter is used again with 20 dB attenuation removed. In order to be able to use the 40 MHz BW filter at a 20 MHz offset, the measurement frequency is moved so that the carrier is 30 MHz from the measurement point, and well down the filter rejection skirt. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 186: Phase Noise Settings

    Specify appearance features of the graph area. Restore defaults. Sets the Phase Noise parameters to their default values. Frequency Tab Use the Frequency tab to specify parameters used for taking the Phase Noise measurement. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 187 The minimum power level required for the signal to be recognized as a carrier. If no signal is found above this level within 20 MHz of the Freq setting, the Phase Noise measurement will fail. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 188 Average Specifies whether averaging is used or not. This setting affects integrated numeric results and the trace display. The range for this setting is 2 to 100. The default setting is disabled. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 189: Settling Time Measurement Overview

    See Search (Limits Testing) Settings (see page 290) for details on configuring Search. Frequency Settling Time Theory of Operation The following paragraphs describe how a frequency and phase settling measurement is made. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 190 RF Measurements > Settling Time Measurements Settling Time Measurement Overview Frequency settling time flow diagram RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 191 RF Measurements > Settling Time Measurements Settling Time Measurement Overview Phase settling time flow diagram Acquisition hardware collects I and Q samples at the measurement frequency. Sample Rate is based on the measurement bandwidth setting. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 192 20 million acquisition data samples can be processed by the measurement. Settling Time is measured as the time from the start reference to the point where the frequency remains within the tolerance band. The start reference can be any of three points: RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 193 256 samples of the phase vs. time waveform, looking backwards from the point set by the Measurement Length. The instrument adjusts the phase waveform so that its phase is of zero value at the point set by the Measurement Length. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 194: Settling Time Displays

    3. Double-click the Freq Settling icon or the Phase Settling icon in the Available displays box. This adds the selected display to the Selected displays box (and removes it from the Available displays box). 4. Click the OK button. Frequency settling time display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 195 RF Measurements > Settling Time Displays Settling Time Displays Phase settling time display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 196 AND the settling time is valid OR the settling time from trigger is valid If any of the conditions listed are not met, the measurement results text is red. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 197 However, the settling time from trigger is typically available. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 198 3. Double-click the Freq Settling icon or Phase Settling icon in the Available displays box. Click OK to complete your selection. 4. Select General Signal Viewing from the Folders box. 5. Double-click the Time Overview icon in the Available displays box. Click OK to complete your selection. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 199 12. Select the Settings button to display the Settling Time Settings control panel. 13. On the Define tab, adjust the Meas BW (see page 191) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio as appropriate. Make sure the bandwidth covers the settled frequency, particularly when the instrument RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 200 Note the difference in the settling time in the two illustrations that follow. In both examples, the Target reference is set to Auto. The only difference is the measurement length, as shown by the magenta line. Frequency settling time display before setting the measurement length RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 201: Settling Time Settings

    Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters. Prefs (see page 204) Specifies whether or not to show certain display elements, the maximum number of points in the exported trace, and the displayed precision of the settling time measurement. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 202: Settling Time Displays Shared Measurement Settings

    Select the frequency of the signal to be measured. Measurement Frequency can be selected as the target frequency (see Target Reference). NOTE. If Lock Center Frequency of Spectrum Display to Measurement Frequency is unchecked, then Measurement Frequency is independent of Center Frequency) Range: Entire input frequency of the instrument RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 203 The measurement bandwidth is 100 Hz to 110 MHz (Option 110) or 100 Hz to 40 MHz (Standard) . To see the effect of measurement bandwidth on measurement uncertainty, see the RSA6100A Series Specifications and Performance Verification Reference, Tektronix part number 077-0251-XX. This manual is supplied on the Documents CD or can be downloaded from www.tek.com/manuals.
  • Page 204 The minimum settled duration is the amount of time the signal must remain within the tolerance band to be considered settled. Some user specifications require that the signal be settled for a minimum period. If this is not required in your application, set this value to the default of 0 seconds. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 205 Trace Tab for Settling Time Displays The Traces Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed traces. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 206 This sets the number of acquisitions to be averaged together to produce the result. Averaging reduces random variations but maintains the correct waveshape for repeating signal aberrations. To use averaging, the signal must be repetitive. For example, the tuning direction must always be same for each measurement RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 207 1. Select the trace into which the recalled trace will be loaded, from the Trace drop-down list. 2. Check the Show check box. 3. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 208 Resets the Scale and Position to center the trace in the graph. Horizontal Sets the range of time shown in the graph. Scale Position Allows you to pan the graph left and right. Autoscale Resets Scale and Position to the automatically determined settings. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 209 Shows or hides the readout for the selected marker in the graph area. (selected marker) Settling Time decimal places Specifies the precision of the settling time measurement readout that appears below the graph. This setting does not affect the precision of internal calculations. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 210: Common Controls For Rf Measurements Displays

    Specifies trace parameters such as detection method and whether smoothing in enabled. Traces can also be saved and loaded for reference from this tab. Scale (see page 203) Specify vertical and horizontal scale settings. Prefs (see page 204) Specify appearance features of the graph area. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 211 NOTE. If you are following a procedure that says to "set VBW to three times the RBW value or greater", it means that the test should be conducted with no VBW effects. In the RSA6100A Series instruments, this condition is met by disabling the VBW function.
  • Page 212 IQ sample pair per trace point. In this case, the detection method chosen has very little effect, as the +Peak, -Peak, Avg (VRMS) and Sample values are all equal. Changing the Spectrum Length causes the RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 213 1. Select the trace into which the recalled trace will be loaded, from the Trace drop-down list. 2. Check the Show check box. 3. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 214 The Gaussian trace is a reference trace that you can compare your trace against. Because the Gaussian trace is for reference, there are no settings for the trace other than whether or not it is shown. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 215 Freq / div , is less than the acquisition bandwidth. Autoscale Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. Log (Spurious only) Resets the display to show the frequency axis in a logarithmic scale. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 216 Specifies the number of decimal places shown in the results readout below the graph. (Frequency and Phase Settling This setting does not affect the precision of internal calculations. Time displays only) Displays or hides the trace legend. Show trace legend (Phase Noise display only) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 217: Overview

    (Hz), Duty Factor (%), Duty Factor (Ratio), Ripple, Droop, Pulse-Pulse Phase Difference, Pulse-Pulse Frequency Difference, RMS Frequency Error, Maximum Frequency Error, RMS Phase Error, Maximum Phase Error, Frequency Deviation, Phase Deviation, and Time. See Available Measurements (see page 27) for definitions. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 218: Pulse Table Display

    3. Double-click Pulse Table in the Available displays box to add the display to the Selected displays box. 4. Click OK. Selecting the Measurements to Show 1. With the Pulse Table selected, press the Settings button. 2. In the Pulse Table Settings control panel, select the Measurements tab. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 219: Pulse Table Settings

    Sets the Pulse Table parameters to their default values. Measurements Tab The Measurements tab is used to specify the measurements that appear in the Pulse Table. Show in Pulse Table Checked measurements appear in the Pulse Table. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 220: Pulse Trace Display

    You can also choose to display arrows and lines in the graph that illustrate where on the pulse the measurement is being taken. Elements of the Pulse Trace Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 221: Pulse Trace Settings

    Specifies the reference used for computing frequency error. page 220) Scale (see page 221) Specifies the vertical and horizontal scale settings. Prefs (see page 222) Specifies whether on not certain display elements are shown. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 222: Pulse Statistics Display

    FFT trace for the values of a measurement over all the pulses analyzed. Numeric readouts of Max, Min, and Average in this display summarize results for the selected pulse measurement. Elements of the Pulse Statistics Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 223 Pulse setting. For the FFT plot type, this indicator marks the trace point at the selected frequency. For Histogram plot types, this indicator marks the selected results bin. Scale Adjusts the horizontal scale. Changing the Pulse Statistics Display Settings (see page 211) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 224: Pulse Statistics Settings

    Specifies the reference used for computing frequency errors. page 220) Scale (see page 221) Specifies the vertical and horizontal scale settings. Prefs (see page 222) Specifies whether or not certain elements of the display are shown. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 225: Common Controls For Pulsed Rf Displays

    Specifies the time the signal must fall below the power threshold for two pulses to be pulses considered separate pulses. Max number of pulses Specifies the number of pulses to measure within the analysis time. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 226 (for example, fewer wide pulses can be analyzed than narrow pulses, all other things being equal). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 227 The Define tab enables you to specify parameters that control where measurements are made on a pulse. The settings available depend on the measurement selected. The following paragraphs describe the settings that appear on the Define tab according to the Measurement(s) selection. Freq-Domain Linearity RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 228 In the Relative time method, Length specifies the percentage of the top of the pulse that is used for measurements. The instrument automatically determines the pulse top. The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. Impulse Response RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 229 The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. Freq Diff, Phase Diff Setting Description Measure point Specifies the period in time after the 50% rising edge at which frequency and phase difference measurements are made. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 230 Length specifies the percentage of the top of the pulse that is used for measurements. The instrument automatically determines the pulse top. The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. Only the Relative Time method is available for Ripple. Overshoot RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 231 In the Relative time method, Length specifies the percentage of the top of the pulse that is used for measurements. The instrument automatically determines the pulse top. The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 232 50% Level Select Voltage to use -6 dB as the 50% point. Select Power to use -3 dB as the 50% level. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 233 Other: The signal is not one of the listed types. You must manually enter the Frequency Offset value. The following table maps the appropriate signal type selection with the signal characteristics. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 234 Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. Plot (Pulse Statistics display Specifies the FFT, Trend, Time Trend, or Histogram plot. only) Reset Scale Restores all settings to their default values. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 235 Count or %. Count indicates the number of hits that fell into each bin. % indicates percentage Histogram is the selected of the total count (for the acquisition) that fell into each bin. plot type) Bins Specifies how many "bins" or histogram bars the results are distributed into. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 236: Gp Digital Modulation

    I & Q signals, EVM, Phase Error, Magnitude Error, and more. Modulation Measurements NOTE. A maximum of approximately 80,000 samples can be analyzed by the General Purpose Digital Modulation measurements (the actual value varies with modulation type). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 237 The orthogonal error between the I and Q channels. The error shows the phase difference between I and Q channels away from the ideal 90 degrees expected from the perfect I/Q modulation. Constellations with quadrature error will show some leakage of I into Q and vice versa. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 238: Constellation Display

    3. Double-click the Constellation icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Constellation icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the Constellation display. Elements of the Constellation Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 239: Constellation Settings

    Also allows you to specify the Units (Seconds or Symbols) for the GP Digital Modulation displays. Trace (see page 267) Allows you to set the trace display characteristics. Prefs (see page 269) Enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 240: Demod I & Q Vs Time Display

    3. Double-click the Demod I&Q vs Time icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Demod I&Q vs Time icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the Demod I&Q vs Time display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 241 If Freq Error is displayed, it also indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is Auto. If Freq Offset is displayed, it indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is manual. Changing Demod I&Q Settings. (see page 229) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 242: Demod I & Q Vs Time Settings

    Trace (see page 267) Allows you to set the trace display characteristics. Scale (see page 268) Specifies the horizontal and vertical scale settings. Prefs (see page 269) Enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 243: Evm Vs Time Display

    3. Double-click the EVM vs. Time icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the EVM vs. Time icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the EVM vs. Time view. Elements of the EVM vs Time Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 244: Evm Vs Time Settings

    Trace (see page 267) Specifies the display characteristics of the displayed trace. Scale (see page 268) Specifies the horizontal and vertical scale settings. Prefs (see page 269) Specifies whether certain display elements are visible. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 245: Eye Diagram Display

    3. Double-click the Eye Diagram icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Eye Diagram icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the Eye Diagram view. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 246 Measurement Time. The displayed frequency error is followed by either Auto or Manual. This indicates the selected carrier frequency detection method (see Settings > Freq & BW). Changing Eye Diagram Settings (see page 234) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 247: Eye Diagram Settings

    Trace (see page 267) Allows you to set the trace display characteristics. Scale (see page 268) Specifies the horizontal and vertical scale settings. Prefs (see page 269) Enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 248: Frequency Deviation Vs Time Display

    3. Double-click the Frequency Deviation vs Time icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Frequency Deviation vs Time icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the Frequency Deviation vs Time view. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 249 Measurement Time. The displayed frequency error is followed by either Auto or Manual. This indicates the selected carrier frequency detection method (see Settings > Freq & BW). Changing Frequency Deviation vs Time Settings (see page 237) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 250: Frequency Deviation Vs Time Settings

    Trace (see page 267) Allows you to set the trace display characteristics. Scale (see page 268) Specifies the horizontal and vertical scale settings. Prefs (see page 269) Enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 251: Magnitude Error Vs Time Display

    3. Double-click the Mag Error vs. Time icon or select the icon and click Add. The icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 252 This readout will be Freq Offset if the Freq Offset parameter on the Settings > Advanced Params (see page 262) tab is set to Manual. Changing Magnitude Error vs Time Display Settings (see page 240) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 253: Magnitude Error Vs Time Settings

    Trace (see page 267) Allows you to set the trace display characteristics. Scale (see page 268) Specifies the horizontal and vertical scale settings. Prefs (see page 269) Enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 254: Phase Error Vs Time Display

    The Phase Error icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to display the Phase Error. Elements of the Phase Error vs Time Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 255 Displays the Peak value of the phase error and the time at which it occurred. Also displays the RMS value over the analysis length. Scale Sets the time spanned by the graph. Changing the Phase Error vs Time Display Settings (see page 243) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 256: Phase Error Vs. Time Settings

    Trace (see page 267) Allows you to set the trace display characteristics. Scale (see page 268) Specifies the horizontal and vertical scale settings. Prefs (see page 269) Enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 257: Signal Quality Display

    C4FM. There is a second set of measurements displayed for nFSK and C4FM modulation types. Signal Quality display for all modulation types except nFSK, C4FM, OQPSK, and SOQPSK Signal Quality display for OQPSK and SOQPSK modulation types RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 258 GP Digital Modulation > Signal Quality Signal Quality Display Signal Quality display for nFSK modulation type Signal Quality display for C4FM modulation type RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 259 Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 260 Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 261 Frequency difference between averaged signal frequency and the center frequency. Deviation Frequency distance from the center frequency at the symbol point. Length Number of symbols in the analysis area. Changing the Signal Quality Display Settings (see page 249) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 262: Signal Quality Settings

    The Analysis Time tab contains parameters that define the portion of the acquisition record that is used for analysis. Prefs (see page 269) The Prefs tab enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 263: Symbol Table Display

    All other markers are highlighted with a light gray background. In the Symbol Table, the marker readout below the table shows the marker location in time, symbol numbers and symbol value. Changing the Symbol Table Display Settings (see page 251) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 264: Symbol Table Settings

    The Analysis Time tab contains parameters that define the portion of the acquisition record that is used for analysis. Prefs (see page 269) The Prefs tab enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 265: Trellis Diagram Display

    3. Double-click the Trellis Diagram icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Trellis Diagram icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the Trellis Diagram view. Elements of the Display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 266 Measurement Time. The displayed frequency error is followed by either Auto or Manual. This indicates the selected carrier frequency detection method (see Settings > Freq & BW). Changing the Trellis Diagram Settings (see page 254) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 267: Trellis Diagram Settings

    Trace (see page 267) Allows you to set the trace display characteristics. Scale (see page 268) Specifies the horizontal and vertical scale settings. Prefs (see page 269) Enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 268: Common Controls For Gp Digital Modulation Displays

    Also allows you to specify the Units (Seconds or Symbols) for the GP Digital Modulation displays. Trace (see page 267) Allows you to set the trace display characteristics. Prefs (see page 269) Enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 269: Standard Settings Button

    Modulation Params Tab Menu bar: Setup > Settings > Modulation Params The Modulation Params tab specifies the type of modulation on the input signal and other parameters that control the demodulation of the input signal. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 270 Enter a value used for defining the Reference Filter. (Not present for some filter types) Modulation index (Present only for CPM modulation type) Modulation Type The modulation types that can be demodulated and analyzed are: RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 271 filter is not practical for a selected modulation type, it is not presented as an available filter. To determine which filters are available, make certain that your desired modulation type is selected. See the following table. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 272 SOQPSK None SOQPSK-MIL User SOQPSK-ARTM User None None User User 2FSK None None Gaussian Gaussian 4FSK RootRaisedCosine RaisedCosine 8FSK RaisedCosine User 16FSK Rectangular (freq) User C4FM C4FM-P25 RaisedCosine User SBPSK None SBPSK-MIL User User RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 273 fixed parameter value that is specified by industry standard, while other filter types by definition have no filter parameter. For filter types with no filter parameter, there is no filter parameter control present in the control panel. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 274 For nFSK modulation types, this setting specifies the frequency deviation. Select Auto to make the instrument do this automatically. Deselect Auto to enter a value manually. This setting is present for only nFSK and C4FM modulation types. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 275 The Advanced Params tab specifies additional parameters that control the demodulation of the signal. Advanced Params tab for all modulation types except nFSK and C4FM Advanced Params tab for modulation type nFSK Advanced Params tab for modulation type C4FM RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 276 3. Select the desired file in the Open window and click Open. 4. Select User Symbol Map to enable the user symbol map. Editing the User Symbol Map. The symbol map is a plain text file and can be edited with any plain text editor. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 277 32QAM 00011 00010 00001 00000 01001 01000 00111 00110 00101 00100 01111 01110 01101 01100 01011 01010 10101 10100 10011 10010 10001 10000 11011 11010 11001 11000 10111 10110 11111 11110 11101 11100 32QAM RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 278 Clear Blanks the search string field. Analysis Time Tab The Analysis Time tab contains parameters that define how the signal is analyzed in the general purpose digital modulation displays. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 279 (the actual value varies with modulation type). Time Zero Reference All time values are measured from this point (such as marker position or horizontal position (in Y vs Time displays). Choices are: Acquisition Start or Trigger. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 280 Note that some settings are not present for all modulation types and some settings are not present for all displays. Example trace tab for constellation display set to CPM modulation type Example trace tab for Demod I&Q display RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 281 The Scale tab allows you to change the vertical and horizontal scale settings. Changing the scale settings changes how the trace appears on the display but does not change control settings such as Measurement Frequency. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 282 Shows or hides the readout for the selected marker in the graph area. (selected marker) Radix Specifies how symbols are displayed in the Symbol Table display and in the Marker readout in the Constellation display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 283: Symbol Maps Symbol Maps

    GP Digital Modulation > Symbol Maps Symbol Maps Symbol Maps This topic shows the symbol mapping for each digital modulation technique. D8PSK Phase shift Symbol value (radians) (binary) π/4 π/2 3π/4 π 5π/4 3π/2 7π/4 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 284 Symbol value (radians) (binary) +π/2 –π/2 DQPSK Phase shift Symbol value (radians) (binary) π/2 π 3π/2 Pi/4 DQPSK Phase shift Symbol value (radians) (binary) +π/4 +3π/4 –π/4 -3π/4 Phase shift Symbol value direction (binary) – RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 285 GP Digital Modulation > Symbol Maps Symbol Maps RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 286 GP Digital Modulation > Symbol Maps Symbol Maps RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 287 GP Digital Modulation > Symbol Maps Symbol Maps RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 288 GP Digital Modulation > Symbol Maps Symbol Maps Phase shift Symbol value (h = modulation index) (binary) –3h –h RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 289: Overview: User Defined Measurement And Reference Filters

    The filter file is selected on the Modulation Params control panel tab used by the GP Digital Modulation displays (Option 21 only). It stores the user-defined measurement or reference filter coefficient data in CSV format. The following figure shows the file structure. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 290 Lines with only a comma and blank lines are skipped. Example filters. For your reference, two example filters, Raised Cosine and Gaussian, are shown here. Both filters contain 65 data points with an oversampling rate of 8. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 291 -0.0263419,0 -0.157502,0 -0.0246357,0 -0.0280807,0 -0.0971877,0 -0.0971877,0 -0.0280807,0 -0.0246357,0 -0.157502,0 -0.0263419,0 -0.0151973,0 0.130455,0 -0.181776,0 -0.0209294,0 0.286147,0 -0.174718,0 -0.0136498,0 0.0194761,0 0.455249,0 -0.143898,0 -0.0062255,0 0.0405144,0 0.623332,0 -0.0984502,0 0.0594205,0 0.774975,0 -0.047715,0 0.0720253,0 0.895591,0 0.0743803,0 0.973215,0 0.0383599,0 0.063548,0 0.063548,0 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 292 0.172989,0 0.172989,0 1.39E-07,0 4.37E-07,0 0.25,0 0.114626,0 4.21E-08,0 1.32E-06,0 0.345977,0 0.0727328,0 1.23E-08,0 3.81E-06,0 0.458502,0 0.0441942,0 3.42E-09,0 1.06E-05,0 0.581862,0 0.0257149,0 9.11E-10,0 2.80E-05,0 0.707107,0 0.0143282,0 2.33E-10,0 7.10E-05,0 0.822878,0 0.00764509,0 0.000172633,0 0.917004,0 0.00390625,0 0.000401796,0 0.978572,0 0.00191127,0 0.000895512,0 0.000895512,0 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 293: Using Markers

    Absolute Marker Delta Marker Readout DPX Bitmap Marker Readout Marker Reference Readout Readout The following table shows the appearance of the marker indicators as they appear on the trace. Marker Reference Absolute Marker Delta Marker RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 294: Controlling Markers With The Touchscreen Actions Menu

    The first marker defined is always designated the Marker Reference. Subsequently defined markers are designated as Delta Markers (you can also select and adjust markers by clicking on an existing marker on a trace). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 295 The up and down arrows search for peaks at the same frequency. The peaks on the DPX Bitmap trace are defined by the settings for the DPX Signal Density on the Markers > Define Markers > Define Peaks (see page 285) tab. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 296: Measuring Frequency And Power In The Spectrum Display

    8. Read the frequency and power level of the marker position on the display. 9. Read the signal density, frequency and power level of the marker position on the display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 297: Marker Action Controls

    Next Higher (absolute) Moves the selected marker to the higher level peak (in absolute terms) on the trace. Marker to Center Frequency Changes the center frequency to match the frequency of the selected marker. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 298: Enabling Markers And Setting Marker Properties

    5. Click the close button to remove the Define Markers control panel. Defining Peaks You can specify two amplitude values that define peaks. For the DPX Spectrum display, you can also define peaks based on signal density characteristics. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 299 3. To define the level for Peak Threshold, enter a value in the Peak Threshold number entry box. 4. To define the amount the trace must dip, enter a value in the Peak Excursion number entry box. 5. Click the close button to remove the Define Markers control panel. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 300: Using The Markers Toolbar

    Thus, when repeatedly moving the marker, it can move to the right or left depending on the location of the next higher value. Displays/hides the marker table from the display. Removes the Marker Toolbar from the display. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 301: Using Noise Markers In The Spectrum Display

    10. Verify that Detection is set to Average for the trace you are using for this measurement. 11. Click the Ana (Analysis) button. 12. Select the Units tab. 13. Select dBm for the Amplitude units. 14. Click the Close button to remove the control panel. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 302 16. Read the frequency and power level for the selected marker in the upper corners of the display. To display the delta measurement in dBc/Hz, select the delta marker (M1, M2, M3 or M4) by clicking on it or pressing the front-panel Select button until it is selected. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 303: Search (Limits Testing)

    Specifies the action to take when the search condition is met. Define Tab (Search) The Define tab sets the parameters for a search. From this tab, you specify which trace to search and what kind of violation to search for. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 304 Search can be configured to look for either a Pass result or a Fail result in one of these measurements and then perform your specified Search actions when that result occurs. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 305 To edit an existing value, double-click on the cell you want to edit. b. To add a new point to the table, click on Add Point. Edit the values as required and click Apply when you are finished with your changes. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 306 8. If you load a saved a mask, use the Open dialog box to locate and open the mask file. 9. Click OK. The following figure shows the results of an is outside mask Search. The vertical red bar highlights results that match the Search definition. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 307 Search (Limits Testing) Define Tab (Search) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 308: Actions Tab

    File > Save As. The Save dialog will show you the current save location. If you want to save the file in a different location, save a file (any type) in the desired location. This resets the save destination to the new location. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 309: Analysis Settings

    Specifies the measurement frequency (center frequency). Units (see page 301) Specifies the Power units for all displays. Analysis Time Tab The Analysis Time tab contains parameters that define the portion of the acquisition record that is used for analysis. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 310 The analysis offset is measured from this point. Choices are: Acquisition Start or Trigger Point. Parameter Description Acquisition Start Offset is measured from the point at which acquisition begins. Trigger Point Offset is measured from the trigger point. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 311: Spectrum Time Tab

    The Frequency tab specifies two frequency values: the Measurement Frequency and the Spectrum Center Frequency. The Measurement Frequency is the frequency at which most displays take measurements. The Spectrum Center Frequency is the center frequency used by the Spectrum, DPX Spectrum, Spectrogram and Time Overview displays. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 312 When the Spectrum Center Frequency is unlocked from the Measurement Frequency, you can adjust the Measurement Frequency so that measurements can be taken at different frequencies without resetting the center frequency. The following screen capture shows the magenta-colored measurement frequency indicator still located at the center frequency. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 313 Spectrum Center Frequency is still located at 2.0000 GHz. You can drag the Measurement Frequency indicator on the screen to set the measurement frequency. Note the base of the Measurement Frequency indicator. The width of the box indicates the widest measurement RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 314: Units Tab

    The Units tab specifies the global Amplitude units for all the views in the analysis window. NOTE. If you are using an External Loss Table for antenna corrections (Ampl > External Gain/Loss Correction), set the Amplitude units to dBuA/m or dBuV/m. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 315: Replay Overview

    Without FastFrame enabled With FastFrame enabled Acquisition Info Tab Displays information about acquisition settings and sets the number of decimal places used for displaying the time stamp. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 316 Analyzing Data > Analyzing Data Using Replay Replay Overview Replay Speed Tab Sets the speed at which data records are replayed. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 317: Replay Menu

    Replay toolbar. The first number to the right of the Select... button identifies the current data record. For example, if the number is 2:10, it means the current record is the tenth frame of the second acquisition in history. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 318: Play From Selected

    The Select data records tab allows you to specify which records in the acquisition history will be used when the Replay button is selected. Replay Toolbar Displays or hides the Replay toolbar that appears below the main tool bar. Replay toolbar RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 319 All data records in the acquisition history were acquired with identical parameters. When any of these parameters are changed, all records in history are deleted as soon as the first record acquired under the new parameter values is received. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 320: Amplitude Corrections

    On the Internal Settings tab, you can specify the Reference Level for the spectrum analyzer’s RF front end, the settings for the internal attenuator, enable/disable the internal preamp (Option 01, if installed), and specify the RF & IF Optimization. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 321 For instruments without Option 110 (110 MHz acquisition BW), this control has no effect. For instruments with Option 110, the swept update rate is improved by approximately 3X compared to all other RF/IF optimization choices. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 322 Minimize noise. This mode increases the system gain at points past the RF mixer. This has the effect of reducing the displayed average noise level. The table below summarizes the conditions. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 323: External Gain/Loss Correction Tab

    The External Gain/Loss Correction tab allows you to apply a correction to a signal to compensate for the use of external equipment, such as an amplifier or attenuator. You can specify whether the corrections on this tab apply to all acquired data or only to a set group of displays. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 324: External Gain Value

    In creating a digital filter to represent the gain/loss table, a limited number of filter taps are be used in order for the filter to be practically realizable. If your amplitude corrections contain discontinuities or extremely sharp transitions, the filter used will contains errors and ringing. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 325: External Loss Tables

    To create an external loss table: 1. Click Edit.. to display the Table Editor. 2. Click New Table to create a table. This clears all entries in the existing table and loads the default table. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 326 1. Click Edit... to display the Table Editor. 2. Click Load..to display the Open dialog box. 3. Navigate to the location of the desired file, select it and click Open. 4. Click OK. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 327: External Probe Correction Tab

    The External Probe Correction tab is used to specify whether a correction factor is applied to the signal when a Tektronix P7000 Series probe is connected to the spectrum analyzer through the Tektronix RTPA2A Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer TekConnect Probe Adapter.

  • Page 328: Continuous Versus Single Sequence

    Abort Menu Bar: Run > Abort Selecting Abort immediately halts the current acquisition/measurement cycle. In-process measurements and acquisitions are not allowed to complete. Visibility and accuracy of results is unspecified after an abort. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 329: Triggering

    Advanced parameters define where a trigger occurs within the acquired memory or trigger each segment in the swept acquisition mode. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 330 To trigger acquisitions based on violations of a user-defined mask: 1. Click the Triggered option button. 2. Select RF Input from the Source drop-down list. 3. Select Frequency Mask from the Type drop-down list. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 331 2. Select RF Input from the Source drop-down list. 3. Select Runt from the Type drop-down list. 4. For further information on setting the power level parameters, see Event Tab (Triggering) (see page 323). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 332: Frequency Mask Trigger

    2. Specify the margins to be applied between the mask and the reference trace. Enter values for the X Margin and the Y Margin. 3. Click Auto draw. The following screen shows a mask created with Auto draw. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 333 Spectrum display and the Mask Editor. The mask’s shaded fill shows the usable vertical range. Points outside this range are shown, but will not cause a trigger. Adding Points To add a point to a mask: RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 334 You can also delete a point by clicking on the point in the table that you want to delete and clicking the X button. If you delete a point by accident, click Undo. You can click Undo until the Undo button is grayed out. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 335 Opening an Existing Mask To open an existing mask: 1. Click on Open. This displays the Open dialog box. 2. Navigate to the location of the mask file. 3. Select the desired file and click Open. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 336: Trigger Settings

    Sets parameters for Save on trigger function. Event Tab The Event tab is used to set the parameters that define trigger events. The parameters that appear on the Event tab change depending on the selected Trigger source and type. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 337 Level The Level setting determines the power level that will be recognized as a trigger event. The Level is indicated in the Amplitude vs Time and Time Overview displays with a dark cyan colored-line. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 338 The High level defines the upper voltage limit (first threshold) of a runt pulse. Low level The Low level defines the lower voltage limit (second threshold) of a runt pulse. Source = Trig In (front). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 339 Trig 2 In (rear) Specifies whether a High or Low signal at the Trig 2 In input (rear panel) allows a trigger event on the Trig In (front) input to be accepted. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 340 (above the mask’s lower edge). Conversely, a False violation occurs if no points on a signal fall inside the mask (all trace points are below the mask’s lower edge). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 341 Mask Editor. Launches the Mask Editor (see page 319) that enables you to create and edit Frequency Masks. Load from File. Enables you to load an existing frequency mask for use with Frequency Mask Trigger. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 342 Specifies that a second signal transition cycle that fails to fall below the Low level will define a trigger event. High level Specifies the High level used to define the trigger event. Low level Specifies the Low level used to define the trigger event. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 343: Time Qualified Tab

    first event is recognized. For example, if Freq Mask is selected and its RBW causes a minimum off time of 500 µs, and your signal violates the mask for 600 µs of every 1 ms, (so that the OFF time is RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 344: Advanced Tab (Triggering)

    In such a situation, the spectrum analyzer will not ever trigger because it requires that there are no trigger events during the holdoff time before an accepted trigger event. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 345: Actions Tab (Triggering)

    files. For example, if you set Max total files to 100, the instrument will save 100 acquisitions if only acquisitions are saved or only pictures are saved. But, if both acquisitions and pictures are saved, then 50 acquisitions and 50 pictures will be saved. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 346: Managing Data, Settings, And Pictures

    files to local or network storage. Saving Files Saving files follows the same procedure regardless of the type of data being saved. To save setups (including application presets), pictures, results, or acquisition data: RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 347 Save for further analysis of results in other programs, such as MATLAB or Excel. Pictures of the Selected Display You can save pictures of the instrument display for documentation purposes. When saving pictures of the display, you can select from three file types: BMP, JPG, or PNG. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 348: Data, Settings, And Picture File Formats

    Saving Acquisition Data Export in CSV Format Save for examining results in other programs, such as MATLAB or Excel. Data, Settings, and Picture File Formats You can save different types of data for later recall and analysis. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 349 Spurious measurement. The file contains the number of ranges enabled, the start and stop frequencies for each enabled range, the limits for each enabled range, the mask type and more. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 350 19th character into the file (starting with 1), and will always be 9 characters long. NOTE. You should not casually modify the XML header, because this will change the offset to the start of the binary data. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 351 InputZoom - Always 1, and indicates complex data. The MATLAB format used to save acquisition data has the following properties and limitations: Files are stored in MATLAB Level 5 format. MATLAB Level 5 file size is limited to 2 GB. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 352: Printing Screen Shots

    1. Select File > Print. 2. Select File > Print Preview if you wish to review the screen shot before sending it to the printer. 3. Select File > Print to print the file to a printer. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 353: Online Help

    This menu item displays this online help. The online help is a standard Windows help system. The Online Help menu item is the only method available to display the online help; there are no other links to the online help within the software. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 354: About The Rsa6100A Series

    This text box lists information about the instrument hardware versions. Copy Info The Copy Info button copies information about the instrument to the Windows clipboard. This information may be useful if you need to have your instrument serviced. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 355: Configure In/Out Settings

    (10 MHz) source and an external source. Other Outputs (see page 346) Specifies whether the 28 VDC, Analog IF and IQ outputs are on or off. Additional settings are available for IF and IQ outputs. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 356: Connecting An Rf Signal

    ± 40 V (RF input) Maximum Measurable Input Power + 30 dBm (RF input, RF ATT Auto) 75 Watts peak (RF Band, RF ATT Auto (<10 ms pulse width, 1% Duty Cycle repetitive pulses) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 357: Connecting A Signal Using A Tekconnect Probe

    P7000 Series active and differential probes to connect to signals. See the RTPA2A Instruction Manual for instructions on how to connect the probe adapter and a probe to the spectrum analyzer. To use the RTPA2A probe adapter with the RSA6100A Series instruments, you may need install a device driver for the RTPA2A probe adapter.

  • Page 358: Digital I/Q Output

    Performance Verification Technical Reference, part number 077-0251-XX. A PDF file of the manual is located on the Documents CD that shipped with your instrument. If you do not have access to the Documents CD, a PDF of the manual can be downloaded from the Tektronix Web site, www.tektronix.com/manuals.

  • Page 359: Other Outputs

    There are three selections available for the IQ Output: Off, On, and Test. When in the “Off” position, the IQ Output is disabled, and all lines are static. When in the “On” position, the data is output as described in the RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Specifications and Performance Verification Technical Reference (Tektronix part number 077-0251-XX).

  • Page 360: Menu Overview

    Perform searches, access diagnostics, install upgrades and configure user preferences. Window (see page 363) Controls the size and layout of displays within the RSA6100A application. Help (see page 364) Access the online help, display information about the instrument hardware and software. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 361: File Menu

    Application Presets (see Displays a dialog box where you can recall presets tailored to specific application areas. page 352) Exit Closes the RSA6100A application. Exit does not shut down the instrument. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 362 Use Save As to specify what kind of data you want to save and where the data should be saved. Use Save to quickly save the same data as you saved the last time you executed a Save, without having to specify the data type and location. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 363 Description Acquisition Data Data collected during acquisition that can be recalled for later analysis. Data is saved in a format readable only by RSA6100A Series instruments or oscilloscopes running SignalVu software. Setup Configuration information detailing instrument settings. Data can be saved in a format readable only by RSA6100A Series instruments or oscilloscopes running SignalVu software or in a text file.
  • Page 364 Colors tab to set the color scheme. See Options Settings (see page 24). Print Preview Menu Bar: File > Print Preview Print Preview shows how a print out will appear when it is printed. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 365: Application Presets

    You can add to the default application presets by creating your own application presets. For detailed information about these presets, see Application Presets (see page 20). See Creating Application Presets (see page 24). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 366: View Menu

    When unchecked, clicking Full Screen resizes the application window to fill the screen. Full Screen mode maximizes the application window, and turns off the application title bar. When checked, clicking Full Screen restores the application window to its previous size. The application title bar is restored. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 367 If Triggered is displayed, the analyzer has recognized a valid trigger and is filling the posttrigger portion of the signal record. Showing or Hiding the Status Bar Select View > Status to toggle the display of the Status bar. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 368: Run Menu

    100 acquisitions to produce 100 intermediate traces that are averaged together to create the final trace that is displayed. Once the 100 acquisitions have been completed, acquisition stops. This is only a mode selector, it does not initiate an acquisition. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 369 Selecting Continuous places the analyzer in the Continuous acquisition mode. In Continuous mode, the analyzer acquires and displays acquisitions repeatedly. The Continuous and Single Sequence acquisition modes are mutually exclusive. Selecting Continuous restarts acquisitions. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 370: Replay Menu

    Replay Menu (see page 357) allows you to rerun measurements using the data in acquisition memory or a recalled TIQ file. You can use this to compute new results for old data after you change settings or measurements. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 371: Markers Menu

    Moves the selected marker to next peak depending on the setting chosen. Next Peak > Marker to Center Frequency Sets center frequency to the frequency of the selected marker. Define Markers (see page 285) Displays the Define Marker control panel. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 372: Setup Menu

    After Preset resets the analyzer settings, it displays the Spectrum view. Preset does not affect time or date settings; the Windows XP operating system settings, or Tools > Alignments or Tools Options menu items. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 373: Tools Menu

    Alignments (see page 19) Diagnostics (see page 362) Displays the Diagnostics dialog box. Install Upgrades... (see Used to activate upgrades you have purchased. page 362) Options (see page 24) Displays the Options control panel. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 374 Run alignments only when Specifies that alignments will never run unless manually initiated. "Align Now button is pressed. Align Now Use to manually initiate an alignment. Abort Stops the alignment process. Close Closes the Alignments dialog box. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 375 The Diagnostics menu item displays the Diagnostics Tests window, which enables you to run variety of tests to verify the operation of the spectrum analyzer. For detailed information on running diagnostics, refer to the RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Service Manual, Tektronix part number 077-0250-XX.

  • Page 376: Arranging Displays

    Lock Windows Locks the windows into their current position, preventing them from being moved. If the windows are locked, the Cascade arrangement is not selectable. (List of windows) A numbered list of open windows. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 377: Help Menu

    Printable Online Help Displays a PDF version of the online help. Quick Start Displays a PDF version of the RSA6100A Series Quick Start User Manual. Apps Manual Displays a PDF version of the RSA6100A Series Applications Manual. About Tektronix Real-Time Displays information about the spectrum analyzer model and installed options.

  • Page 378: Error And Information Messages

    Settings > Params. Analysis failure: Carrier detection failed The instrument was unable to locate a carrier signal. Try adjusting the Carrier Threshold or Integration BW values, if the measurement has these controls. Analysis Length was limited RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 379 files you have saved), any applications and associated files you have installed and perform an OS restore on the hard disk. After restoring the OS, reinstall the RSA6100A Series product software. NOTE. The specific OS restore procedure required for your instrument depends on when your instrument was manufactured.
  • Page 380 Change the settings of the selected display so it is performing real-time acquisitions. Select the associated display to make it the selected display. When it is selected, it will force the acquisition parameters to change to meet its own needs. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 381 A hardware failure has occurred. To see a description of the event initiated by the failure, display the Windows Event Viewer (see page 373). There is an shortcut to the Windows Event Viewer on the Windows desktop. Insufficient data for CISPR. Acquire while display is selected RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 382 Select Tools > Alignments > Align Now to alignment the instrument. No burst detected Burst Detection Mode (see page 265) is On, but no burst was detected in the signal. Check that the Threshold setting is properly set. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 383 Reference > Troubleshooting Error and Information Messages Not calibrated The instrument requires calibration. Calibration can be performed only at a Tektronix Service center. Contact Tektronix ) to schedule a calibration. Not enough samples for current setup The measurement was not able to run because the combination of analysis length, offset, and measurement bandwidth relative to acquisition bandwidth, were such that not enough samples were available for the measurement to analyze.
  • Page 384 This is a status message displayed while data is being restored from a file. RF ADC overrange This input signal power is outside the range of the analog-to-digital converter circuitry. Decrease the input signal power or increase the internal attenuation setting. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 385 If this value is set too large for any of the pulses in the signal, the measurement point ends up on the falling edge or during the pulse off time. Decrease the Measurement time for Freq & Phase results setting (Settings > Define tab). Swept: RF Trig invalid for most signals RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 386: Displaying The Windows Event Viewer

    Performance and Maintenance and then select Administrative Tools.) 3. Double-click Event Viewer. 4. From the Event Viewer window, select Application. this displays a list of all errors that have been reported to the operating system from applications. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 387 Please note that many items reported as “errors” are simply informational and do not mean that your instrument is impaired. Contact the Tektronix Customer Support Center or Service Center if you are concerned about an error shown in the Event Viewer. Do not send an instrument out for repair based solely on these event reports.
  • Page 388 Reference > Troubleshooting Displaying the Windows Event Viewer RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 389: On/Standby Switch

    Use this button to power the instrument on or to shut down (set the instrument to standby). Before shutting down, you should first exit the instrument application and any other active Windows applications to avoid error messages on shutdown or the next power up. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 390: How To Find Out If Instrument Software Upgrades Are Available

    Software upgrades might be available from Tektronix. They can either be downloaded from the Tektronix Web site or they can be ordered from your local Tektronix representative. To see if a software upgrade is available for your instrument, use your browser to go to www.tektronix.com/software. Search by the instrument model number.

  • Page 391: Settings

    Amplitude Settings (see page 307) Amplitude vs Time Settings (see page 90) Analysis Settings (see page 296) CCDF Settings (see page 168) Channel Power and ACPR Settings (see page 136) Configure In/Out Settings (see page 342) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 392 Signal Quality Settings (see page 249) Spectrogram Settings (see page 85) Spectrum Settings (see page 80) Spurious Settings (see page 157) Symbol Table Settings (see page 251) Time Overview Settings (see page 74) Trellis Diagram Settings (see page 254) RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 393 A series of time-contiguous frames. This is also called a Block. Analysis Length The length of time in the Analysis Time. Analysis Time The portion of the acquisition record over which one or more measurements are calculated. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 394 The electrical signal, typically a sine wave, upon which modulation is impressed. Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N) The ratio of carrier signal power to average noise power in a given bandwidth surrounding the carrier; usually expressed in decibels. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 395 To give a display priority over any others, click its title bar. CISPR International special committee on radio interference. (Comité international spécial des perturbations radioélectriques) Acronym for Continuous Wave. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 396 A unit to express voltage levels in decibels referenced to 1 millivolt. dBuV A unit to express voltage levels in decibels referenced to 1 microvolt. Decibel Ten times the logarithm of the ratio of one electrical power to another. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 397 Save data to a file in a format other than application-native. FastFrame FastFrame segments the acquisition record into a series of frames and then captures acquisitions as single frames. You can then view and measure each frame individually. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 398 The continuous range of frequencies extending between two limiting frequencies, expressed in hertz. Frequency Domain View The representation of the power of the spectral components of a signal as a function frequency; the spectrum of the signal. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 399 Acronym for General Purpose Interface Bus, the common name for the communications interface system defined in IEEE Std. 488. Graticule The calibrated grid overlaying the display screen of analyzers, oscilloscopes, and other test instruments. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 400 The impedance at the desired input terminal. Usually expressed in terms of VSWR, return loss, or other related terms for low impedance devices and resistance-capacitance parameters for high impedance devices. LISN Acronym for Line Impedance Stabilization Network. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

  • Page 401: Glossary

    In this mode, the display indicates the minimum level at each frequency after several successive sweeps. Modulate To regulate or vary a characteristic of a signal, typically in order to transmit information. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 402 (kTB). The analyzer noise floor appears as a “grassy” baseline in the display, even when no signal is present. Open (Recall) Bring data into the application from a file of application-native format. OQPSK Acronym for Offset QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 403 Real-Time Bandwidth The frequency span over which real-time seamless capture can be performed, which is a function of the digitizer and the IF bandwidth of a Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 404 Setup > Analysis > Units tab determine whether the measurement is presented in Watts or Volts. Volts are shown for linear units (for example, volts or amps); Watts are shown for non-linear units (for example, watts or dBm). RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 405 DelNeg = Delta Negative in Volts (this is a positive value) RefNeg = Reference Negative in Volts The Ripple measurement, in Volts, is calculated as follows: Where: RatioPosV = DelPos/RefPos RatioNegV = DelNeg/RefNeg RTSA Acronym for Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 406 Frequency difference represented by each major horizontal division of the graticule. Spectrogram Frequency vs. time vs. amplitude display where the frequency is represented on the x-axis and time on the y-axis. The power level is indicated by variations in color. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 407 A response to a analyzer wherein the displayed frequency is not related to the input frequency. Time Measurement This is the time in seconds relative to the time reference point in the first acquisition record in the data set. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 408 A violation is a spur that exceeds either an Absolute or Relative limit (depending on the selected mask) specified on the Settings > Limits tab. A spur is a signal peak that exceeds a user-definable threshold (See Spurious > Settings > Ranges) and excursion setting. RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 409 Burst detect threshold, 119 Colors tab, 25 Amplitude control panel, 308 BW Tab Configure In/Out control Amplitude vs. Time display, 89 Amplitude vs. Time panel, 343 Amplitude vs. Time display display, 91 connecting signals, 344 Settings, 90 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 410 FM display, 120 FM measurements, 31 General Signal Viewing FMT (Frequency Mask displays, 100 Elements of the display, 14 Trigger), 320 PM display, 128 error message frame, 386 Time Overview, 75 Windows Event Viewer, 374 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 411 Mask Editor, 291 Front panel connectors, 8 is greater than (search), 293 Mask tab Front panel controls, 8 is inside mask, 291 Settling Time displays, 193 Full Screen, 354 is inside mask (search), 293 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 412 OQPSK and SOQPSK modulation PM display, 31 modulating signal, 390 type measurements, 29 Pk-Pk modulation, 390 Other Outputs tab, 343 FM display, 31 modulation measurements, 28 Outside PM display, 31 Time Qualified tab, 331 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 413 Pulsed RF displays, 222 Pulse Width, 31 RF Channel Power RF Measurements Pulse-Pulse Freq Difference, 32 measurement, 135 displays, 203 Pulse-Pulse Phase Difference, 32 RF I & Q vs. Time display, 96 Settling Time displays, 196 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 414 Time measurement, 395 Trellis Diagram display, 255 Signal Quality settings, 250 Time Overview, 72 Trigger, 324 Single, 356 Time Overview display Settings, 379 span, 394 settings, 74 AM display, 110 span per division, 394 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...
  • Page 415 Traces tab Units tab, 302 DPX Spectrum Bitmap, 61 Upgrades, 363 DPX Spectrum display, 63 User Filters x dB BW Ref Power, 149 General Signal Viewing file format, 277 x dB Level, 152 displays, 99 RSA6100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers Help...

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