Tektronix WCA280A User Manual
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Tektronix WCA280A User Manual

3 ghz & 8 ghz portable wireless communication analyzers
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Table of Contents

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User Manual
WCA230A & WCA280A
3 GHz & 8 GHz
Portable Wireless Communication Analyzers
071-1253-07
This document applies to firmware version 3.30
and above.
www.tektronix.com

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Summary of Contents for Tektronix WCA280A

  • Page 1 User Manual WCA230A & WCA280A 3 GHz & 8 GHz Portable Wireless Communication Analyzers 071-1253-07 This document applies to firmware version 3.30 and above. www.tektronix.com...
  • Page 2 Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material.
  • Page 3 End User License Agreement for Microsoft Software You have acquired a device (“DEVICE”) that includes software licensed by Tektronix Japan, Ltd. (“TJ”) from Microsoft Licensing Inc. or its affiliates (“MS”). Those installed software products of MS origin, as well as associated media, printed materials, and “online”...
  • Page 4 LIMITATIONS ON REVERSE ENGINEERING, DECOMPILATION, AND DISASSEMBLY. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the SOFTWARE, except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation. SOFTWARE TRANSFER ALLOWED BUT WITH RESTRICTIONS. You may permanently transfer rights under this EULA only as part of a permanent sale or transfer of the Device, and only if the recipient agrees to this EULA.
  • Page 5 Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located.
  • Page 7 Service Options Tektronix provides service to cover repair under warranty as well as other services that are designed to meet your specific service needs. Advancing technology has brought incredible change to the power of measurement instruments. Manufac- turing methods and calibration techniques have been revolutionized, making the service challenge tougher than ever. By using Tektronix as your service provider you make use of our technology and product knowledge, our world-wide logistics infrastructure, and our ISO9000 approved service centers.

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    ........... . . 1- - 2 Difference Between WCA230A and WCA280A ......
  • Page 10 ..........3- - 171 Synchronous Operation with External Instruments ..... . 3- - 172 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 11 ..........3- - 259 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 12 ..........E- - 4 Glossary Index WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 13 ........2- -14 Figure 2- -12: Example menu item display ..... . 2- -16 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 14 ........2- -59 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 15 Figure 3- -30: Specifying the analysis range using the mouse ..3- -33 Figure 3- -31: FFT processing range setting on the overview ..3- -34 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 16 Figure 3- -68: CCDF multi-view ......3- -92 viii WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 17 3- -153 Figure 3- -106: Trigger menu structure ......3- -155 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 18 ....3- -203 Figure 3- -141: EVM, magnitude and phase error displays ..3- -204 Figure 3- -142: Constellation view and error vectors in 1/4π QPSK 3- -205 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 19 Figure 3- -181: Print menu structure ......3- -263 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 20: Figure 2- -11: Menu Keys

    ........C- -1 Figure C- -2: Symbol mapping: 256QAM ..... . . C- -2 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 21 Table 3- -28: Averaging method ......3- -185 xiii WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 22 Table E- -4: Optional accessories ......E- -4 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 23: General Safety Summary

    Symbols and Terms Terms in this Manual. These terms may appear in this manual: WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life. WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 24 WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking. CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product. Symbols on the Product. The following symbols may appear on the product: Protective Ground CAUTION (Earth) Terminal Refer to Manual WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 25: Preface

    Preface This is the user manual for the WCA230A and WCA280A Portable Wireless Communication Analyzers. It covers the following information: H Describes the capabilities of the analyzer and how to install it H Explains how to operate the analyzer: how to control acquisition of,...

  • Page 26: Related Documents

    Preface Related Documents In addition to this user manual, the following documentation is available for your analyzer. Tektronix part numbers are supplied in Appendix E: Options and Accessories. H WCA230A and WCA280A Programmer Manual (standard accessory) contains an alphabetical listing of the programming commands and other information related to controlling the analyzer over the GPIB interface.

  • Page 27: Conventions

    H WCA230A and WCA280A Option 28: TD-SCDMA Analysis Software User Manual (071-1663-XX) provides operating basics and GPIB programming information for the TD-SCDMA analysis. H WCA230A and WCA280A Option 40: 3GPP Release 6 (HSUPA) Analysis Software User Manual (071-2062-XX) provides operating basics for the 3GPP Release 6 analysis.

  • Page 28: Notice For Trigger Function

    H S/N B020000 and above H S/N below B020000 and J300100 and above In this manual, descriptions of the trigger menu and specifications are marked with the appropriate serial number if necessary. WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 29: Getting Started

    Getting Started...

  • Page 31: Product Overview

    2.5 seconds is standard, ensuring even accurate collection and analysis of super frame signals defined in the 3GPP standard. Features H DC to 3 GHz (WCA230A) / 8 GHz (WCA280A) measurement frequency range H 100 Hz to 3 GHz measurement span and 15 MHz vector span...

  • Page 32: Application

    H cdma2000 1x H cdma2000 1xEV- -DO H TD-SCDMA Difference Between WCA230A and WCA280A The WCA230A and the WCA280A have the same functions except for their measurement frequency ranges: WCA230A ..DC to 3 GHz WCA280A .

  • Page 33: Real-Time Analysis

    NOTE. An intermittent signal, such as a burst phenomenon, will not be detected unless it is present at the exact moment that the filter is being swept past it. Sweep start stop Figure 1- 2: Sweep of resolution filter 1- 3 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 34: Figure 1- 3: Concept Of The Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer

    2 RF input Display Resolution Detector 3 filter 3 Resolution Detector N filter N Figure 1- 3: Concept of the real-time spectrum analyzer Concurrent acquisition start stop Figure 1- 4: Concurrent acquisition 1- 4 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 35: Figure 1- 5: Frame Acquisition

    FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation). The WCA230A or WCA280A first acquires a series of frames of data in the time domain, as shown in Figure 1- -5, and then performs the FFT process for each frame. This method enables continuous analysis of spectra and ensures the capture of real-time phenomenon such as burst signals in digital mobile communication.

  • Page 36: Architecture

    (optional) Data memory Memory controller 64 MB (standard) 256 MB (optional) Local bus PCI bridge Windows Front panel key Display board PC Mass Storage Devices External interface GPIB Figure 1- 6: Block diagram 1- 6 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 37 20 MHz IF signal. This converter processes signals up to 3 GHz for WCA230A and 8 GHz for WCA280A by IF conversions in three stages. A 10 MHz oscillator provides a high-accuracy reference for all stages of IF conversion. The converter also adjusts signals for A/D conversion using a low-noise amplifier, fine-tuning attenuator, and anti-alias filter.
  • Page 38 8.4 inch XGA TFT-LCD module. The standard analyzer has the following external interfaces: H USB (for mouse, keyboard, and/or printer) H LAN (Ethernet 10/100BASE-T) H GPIB H VGA (for an external monitor) 1- 8 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 39: Installation

    3. It is recommended to keep the box and packing materials. You may need them to send this product to Tektronix for calibration or repair. CAUTION. The analyzer has exhaust fans on the side panel. Leave a space of at least 5 cm (2 in) on both sides for proper air circulation.

  • Page 40: Applying Power

    1. Plug the power cord into the AC input on the rear panel. Cord AC input Figure 1- 7: AC Input (rear panel) 2. Connect the plug of the power cord to a properly grounded outlet. 1- 10 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 41: Figure 1- 8: Principal Power Switch (Rear Panel)

    When you turn on the analyzer, Windows XP boots up. After several minutes, the analyzer application starts up. The initial screen appears as shown in Figure 1- -10. The displayed spectrum represents the noise floor of the analyzer. 1- 11 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 42: Figure 1- 10: Initial Screen

    RF INPUT connector. If you exceed this input rating, you can permanently damage the analyzer. (The RF INPUT connector is shown in Figure 1- -11.) RF INPUT connector Max +30 dBm AC + DC Figure 1- 11: RF INPUT connector 1- 12 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 43: Setting Up The Stand

    To set up the stand, place the analyzer on a table. Lift the front of the analyzer and pull out the stand until it is perpendicular to the analyzer. Stand Figure 1- 12: Setting up the stand 1- 13 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 44: Functional Check

    Check that “INPUT: CAL” and “FREE RUN” are displayed in the status indicator at the upper right of the screen (see Figure 1- -13). Status indicator Marker readout Marker Figure 1- 13: Spectrum of the calibration signal (50 MHz, about - 20 dBm) 1- 14 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 45: Figure 1- 14: Setup Display

    20 kHz 100 kHz 500 Hz 1 kHz 20 Hz d. Using the numeric keypad, set the span back to 15 MHz. (Press 1 → 5 → MHz, in that order, on the keypad.) 1- 15 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 46: Figure 1- 15: Reference Level Setting And A/D Overflow Indicator

    Figure 1- 15: Reference level setting and A/D overflow indicator e. Using the numeric keypad, set the reference level back to 0 dBm. (Press 0 → ENTER, in that order, on the keypad.) 1- 16 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 47: Figure 1- 16: Spectrogram Display

    Press the RUN/STOP key on the front panel to stop data acquisition. Confirm that the trace display freezes and PAUSE is displayed in the status indicator at the top right of the screen. Status indicator Spectrogram Figure 1- 16: Spectrogram display 1- 17 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 48: Powering Off The Analyzer

    Turning off the principal power switch turns off the front-panel LED. When you do not use the analyzer for a long time or in case of emergency, you should unplug the power cord. 1- 18 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 49: Restart

    (dots that never turn on) or stuck pixels (dots that always stay on). This is neither a malfunction nor a defect, and not a cause for repair or exchange. 1- 19 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 50: Backing Up User Files

    Word, Excel, and Outlook, on the analyzer. If you install an external application, you do so at your own risk, keeping in mind that it may lower the performance of the analyzer. 1- 20 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 51: Calibration

    Calibration Perform these routines to optimize the analyzer performance: H Gain calibration H Center offset calibration H DC offset calibration H Display brightness adjustment Each item is explained in this section. 1- 21 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 52: Cal Menu

    The default setting is On. Service... This menu item is only to be used by qualified personnel for repair and calibration. Refer to the WCA230A and WCA280A Service Manual (optional accessory) for details. If you want to perform all possible calibration operations together, press the Calibrate All side key.

  • Page 53: Calibrating Gain

    To run the gain calibration, do the following: 1. Press the CAL key on the front panel. 2. Press the Calibrate Gain side key. The calibration runs. It takes several seconds to complete the process. 1- 23 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 54: Calibrating Center Offset

    To run the center offset calibration, do the following: 1. Press the CAL key on the front panel. 2. Press the Calibrate Center Offset side key. The calibration runs. It takes several seconds to complete the process. 1- 24 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 55: Calibrating Dc Offset

    To run the DC offset calibration, do the following: 1. Press the CAL key on the front panel. 2. Press the Calibrate DC Offset side key. The calibration runs. It takes several seconds to complete the process. 1- 25 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 56: Adjusting Display Brightness

    The setting range is 0 to 100. Confirming Performance The electrical characteristics described in Appendix A: Specifications can be checked only by our service personnel. If you need any service, contact your local Tektronix representative. 1- 26 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 57: Operating Basics

    Operating Basics...

  • Page 59: Interface Maps

    H Using a mouse and keyboard H Display screen H Elements of the display H Status display H Front panel key lock H Setup display For the analyzer specifications, refer to Appendix A: Specifications. 2- 1 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 60: Controls And Connectors

    Controls and Connectors Figures 2- -1 through 2- -3 on the following pages show the controls and connec- tors on the front, the side, and the rear panels. Figure 2- 1: Front panel 2- 2 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 61 Refer to page 2- -18 for changing a setting using the general purpose knob or the up/down keys. 9. Power switch (ON/STANDBY). Refer to page 1- -10 for applying power. 10. LED. Green on operating, orange on standby. 2- 3 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 62: Figure 2- 2: Rear Panel

    4. TRIG IN/OUT connector. A 50 Ω BNC connector for trigger signal input/output. Refer to page A- -12 for specifications. 5. GPIB connector. Used to control the analyzer from an external controller. Refer to the WCA230A and WCA280A Programmer Manual for GPIB control. 6. AC input. Connect AC power cable.

  • Page 63: Figure 2- 3: Side Panel

    NOTE. The Windows XP default network settings are done when the instrument is shipped from the factory. Contact your system administrator for information about setting network parameters in your LAN. For using Windows XP on the analyzer, refer to page 2- -26. 2- 5 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 64: Figure 2- 4: Connecting Usb Devices

    You can connect the devices any time, with no setup (plug & play), to either or both ports. You can also connect a mouse to a USB port on a keyboard (see Figure 2- -4). Figure 2- 4: Connecting USB devices 2- 6 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 65: Figure 2- 5: Operation With Mouse And Keyboard

    Alphanumeric input micro (10 ). Press ENTER to complete entry of the value. - - 9 N or n key Alphanumeric input nano (10 ). Press ENTER to complete entry of the value. 2- 7 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 66: Display Screen

    Interface Maps Display Screen Figure 2- -6 shows the elements of the display screen. Figure 2- 6: Display screen configuration 2- 8 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 67 3- -27 Time Analysis (Time mode) page 3- -83 Setting Views page 3- -193 8. Measurement function display area. Displays the measurement function currently in use (the settings of the Mode and Measure menus). 2- 9 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 68: Figure 2- 7: Status Display

    Thereafter, it is stored in the post-trigger region (see Figure 2- -8). Data memory Pre-trigger region Post-trigger region Time Trigger point Figure 2- 8: Pre- and post-trigger regions 2- 10 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 69: Figure 2- 9: Key Lock Display

    To cancel the key lock, the following two methods can be used: H Use the :SYSTEM:KLOCK command to cancel. H Turn off the power and then on. Refer to the WCA230A and WCA280A Programmer Manual for information about the GPIB commands. 2- 11...

  • Page 70: Figure 2- 10: Setup Display

    Indicates time interval between FFT frames. Refer to FFT Start Point on page 3- - 176. Acquisition Length Indicates time to acquire a block of data. Demod and Time It can be set in the Timing menu. 2- 12 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 71: Functional Overview

    H MODE. Selects a measurement mode. H VIEW. Selects a view content and scales a measurement graph. H MARKERS. Controls markers. H UTILITY Provides system initialization, waveform storage facilities, instrument calibration, screen hard copy, and miscellaneous other functions. 2- 13 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 72: Table 2- 4: Menu Key Summary

    Trigger (page 3- - 147) RBW/FFT Sets RBW and FFT parameters. FFT and RBW (page 3- - 173) TRACE/AVG Controls trace display and average function. Trace Comparison Display and Average Function (page 3- - 183) 2- 14 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 73 Prints the screen image. Screen Copy (page 3- - 263) MACRO Shows a menu listing all macros. For installing macros, contact your local Tektronix sales office. MACRO SETUP Shows a menu to configure macros. 2- 15 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 74: Menu Operations

    Returns to the last displayed menu or cancels a partial numeric entry from the keypad. Opens a menu. Figure 2- 12: Example menu item display NOTE. When the setting is prohibited or is not available, the item is displayed in gray. 2- 16 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 75 (▲B) keys, or by entering a value using the keypad. Numeric input field Figure 2- 14: Numeric setting menu 2- 17 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 76 H For the up and down keys, the step size is set with the Step Size side key. Refer to Changing the Step Size on page 2- -20 for the detail. The changed value is immediately reflected on the analyzer settings and displays. 2- 18 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 77 3. Confirm the input by pressing the unit key or ENTER key. The confirmed value is immediately reflected to the analyzer settings and display. Press the Cancel - Back side key to cancel the change. 2- 19 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 78 Sets the center frequency step size to the same value as the center frequency. Sets the center frequency step size to the same value as the span. Figure 2- 19: Changing the step size to the predetermined values 2- 20 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 79: Measurement Basics

    3- - 83 page 3- - 83 Pulse Measurements Pulse characteristics analysis Signal Source Analysis Signal source analysis Contains optional analysis functions. Refer to Appendix E: Options and Accessories for optional software. 2- 21 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 80 H Pressing the PRESET key returns the instrument settings to the factory defaults for the current measurement mode. H Pressing SYSTEM → Reset All to Factory Defaults sets all parameters for all measurements and modes to the default values. 2- 22 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 81: Setting System Parameters

    Refer to page 2- -24 for information about displaying versions and installed options. Instrument Setup... Sets the fundamental parameters for measurements. H Angular Units. Selects degree (default) or radian for the angular unit. 2- 23 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 82 H Not Present: Indicates that you cannot use the option. For information about how to remove the protection and use the option, refer to Enabling the Option. 3. To exit the version display, press any front-panel key. 2- 24 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 83 Functional Overview Enabling the Option. 1. Contact your local Tektronix office to order the option. You will receive an option key (alphanumeric code). 2. Press the Option Key side key (see Figure 2- -24) and enter the option key using the alphanumeric keypad on the front panel.

  • Page 84: Using Windows Xp

    Start menu. Setting Date and Time The screen displays the date and time managed by the Windows XP operating system. You can use the Windows time setting program to set the date and time. 2- 26 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 85 Functional Overview When you move the mouse pointer to the bottom of the screen, the task bar appears. Task bar WCA icon Figure 2- 25: Displaying the Windows XP accessory menu 2- 27 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 86 Functional Overview 2- 28 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 87: Tutorial

    H Using averaging and comparison displays H Displaying spectrogram H Spectrum analysis H Modulation analysis H Shutting off the power You must complete the installation procedures (starting on page 1- -9) before performing any of the following steps. 2- 29 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 88: Preparations

    ... 800 MHz Output level ....- -10 dBm 2- 30 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 89 Figure 2- 27: Principal power switch (rear panel) 3. Turn on the power switch (ON/STANDBY) on the front panel, as shown in Figure 2- -28. Power switch Figure 2- 28: Power switch (ON/STANDBY) 2- 31 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 90 The initial screen shown in Figure 2- -29 appears after Windows XP starts up (the background color is in white on this manual to make figures more viewable). Figure 2- 29: Initial screen 2- 32 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 91 This tutorial starts with the factory default settings. Perform the following steps to restore the factory default settings: 1. Press the SYSTEM key. SYSTEM key 2. Press the Reset All to Factory Defaults side key. The instrument is now ready to take measurements. 2- 33 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 92: Displaying Spectrum

    This section describes how to set the frequency, span, and amplitude first, and then appropriately display the spectrum. Figure 2- -30 shows the settings. Frequency (Center frequency) Amplitude Span Figure 2- 30: Frequency, span, and amplitude settings 2- 34 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 93 If you enter incorrect values, clear them using the BKSP (back space) key and then enter the correct digit. 2- 35 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 94 (“Center Freq (MHz): 800” in this example). The current setting is displayed in this field. Figure 2- 33: Center frequency of 800 MHz, span of 15 MHz 2- 36 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 95 4. Turn the general purpose knob to the left to select 100k. The hardware is set with the selected value immediately. The spectrum waveform is displayed on the screen as shown in Figure 2- -34. 2- 37 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 96 Tutorial Figure 2- 34: Center frequency of 800 MHz, span of 100 kHz 2- 38 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 97 0 dBm Ref Level setting 10 dB - - 100 dBm Figure 2- 35: Setting amplitude 1. Press the Amplitude key on the front panel. AMPLITUDE key 2- 39 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 98 0 dBm or higher, a blue standard line is displayed indicating 0 dBm. 3. Set the Ref Level back to 0 dBm after confirming the amplitude operation. 0 dBm reference line Figure 2- 37: Reference level of 10 dBm 2- 40 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 99 By default, the analyzer is now acquiring data in the continuous mode. 1. Press the RUN/STOP key to stop data acquisition. When acquisition stops, “PAUSE” is shown in the status indicator on screen (see Figure 2- -38). Status indicator Figure 2- 38: Status indicator 2- 41 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 100 3. Press the Repeat... side key again and select Continuous to return to the continuous mode. When acquisition starts, “READY” is displayed in the status indicator, indicating that the analyzer is ready for trigger. 2- 42 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 101: Using Markers And Peak Search

    The marker (V) appears at the left end of the waveform. 3. The Marker X Position menu item is selected by default. Turn the general purpose knob to move the marker to a measurement point (see Figure 2- -39). 2- 43 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 102 Tutorial Marker X Position Marker 1 Sets the horizontal position of the Marker readout marker using the general purpose knob or numeric input keypad. Figure 2- 39: Measurement with a single marker 2- 44 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 103 5. Press the Select Marker side key to select 2, making Marker 2 the active marker. You can also select the marker using the MARKERS SELECT key on the front panel. The MARKERS: SELECT key and the Select Marker side key have the same function. 2- 45 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 104 Here selects Delta to show Marker 1 and 2. Marker 2 Figure 2- 40: Measurement with the delta marker 7. Press the Markers side key to select Single. The analyzer returns to the single marker mode. 2- 46 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 105 5. Press the marker left key (A) to move the marker to the next signal peak to the left. Try it several times. 6. Using the marker left or right key, position the marker to the measurement peak. 2- 47 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 106 (see Figure 2- -41). Peak value at the selected marker Peak difference Marker 1 Marker 2 Figure 2- 41: Searching for the peak 7. Press the Markers side key to select Off. Both markers disappear. 2- 48 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 107: Using Averaging And Comparison Displays

    In this example, enter 64 with the numeric keypad. Press 6 4 ENTER in order. 4. Press the RUN/STOP key on the front panel to acquire waveform. 2- 49 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 108 Average count Trace 1 Type Selects the type of processing for the selected trace. Figure 2- 42: Averaging a waveform 5. Press the Reset Average side key to restart averaging. 2- 50 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 109 Trace 1 (Yellow): currently acquired waveform. Trace 2 (Green): averaged waveform. Figure 2- 43: Comparison display with averaged waveform 7. Press the Trace 2 Type... side key again and select Off to remove Trace 2. 2- 51 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 110: Displaying A Spectrogram

    3. If no waveform is displayed, press the RUN/STOP key to acquire data. The spectrum and spectrogram are displayed concurrently (see Figure 2- -44). Spectrum Spectrogram Figure 2- 44: Concurrent display of spectrum and spectrogram 2- 52 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 111 VIEW: DEFINE key Modifies display format. b. Press the View Orientation side key to select Tall. Figure 2- 45: Tall display of spectrum and spectrogram c. Press the View Orientation side key to select Wide. 2- 53 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 112 Amplitude is represented in color. Default scale is from Red (0dBm) to Blue (- - 100dBm). Frequency Figure 2- 46: Spectrogram view c. Press the Show Views side key again to return to Multi. 2- 54 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 113: Spectrum Analysis

    Measuring Channel Power 1. Press the MEASURE key on the front panel. MEASURE key Selects a measurement item Measurement items are displayed in the menu on the right side of the screen. 2- 55 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 114 A band power marker, indicating measurement range, is displayed on the spectrum waveform. The measurement result is displayed below the waveform (see Figure 2- -47). Select Channel Power here Band power marker Measurement results Figure 2- 47: Channel power measurement 2- 56 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 115 40 kHz for example. See the display in Figure 2- -48. Channel Bandwidth Sets the measurement bandwidth. Channel Bandwidth = 40 kHz Figure 2- 48: Channel power measurement (Channel Bandwidth = 40 kHz) 2- 57 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 116 2. Press the Carrier Frequency side key. The measurement result is displayed at the bottom of the screen (see Figure 2- -49). Carrier frequency measurement result: measured accurately with counter function. Figure 2- 49: Carrier frequency measurement 2- 58 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 117: Modulation Analysis

    The measurement procedures for modulation analysis and the time analysis are similar. Select the digital modulation analysis: 1. Press the DEMOD key on the front panel. 2. Press the Measurement Set side key to select Digital. 2- 59 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 118 FFT-processed and displayed in the subview. The data in the range indicated by the green underline is analyzed and displayed in the main view. Main view Figure 2- 51: IQ level measurement 2- 60 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 119 For example, enter 8 ms using the numeric keypad. 4. Press the Analysis Offset side key and specify the starting point of the range. For example, enter 3 ms using the numeric keypad. 2- 61 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 120 Frame and block size are shown in Figure 2- -53. 1024 data points Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 1 block (=N frames) Frame N- - 1 Figure 2- 53: Frame and block 2- 62 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 121 In this case, Acquisition Length is 64 ms and Spectrum Length 6.4 ms, so the data is displayed in the overview for 64÷6.4=10 frames (10240 points). The green underline indicating the analysis range gets narrower than the previous setting: one block = 2 frames. 2- 63 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 122 Only the main view is displayed, with the size enlarged on the screen. Show Views Select Single to show only the selected view with the size enlarged. Figure 2- 55: Single view display 2- 64 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 123 1. Press the MEASURE key on the front panel. 2. Press the Measurement Off side key. The display returns to the spectrum view. However, the analysis mode is still in the Demod mode. 2- 65 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 124: Turning Off The Power

    1. Press the ON/STANDBY switch at the lower left of the front panel. The shutdown process of Windows XP runs and the power source goes to standby state, with the orange LED on. 2. Turn off the signal generator. You have now completed the tutorial. 2- 66 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 125: Reference

    Reference...

  • Page 127: Spectrum Analysis (S/A Mode)

    Table 3- 1: Standard menu in the S/A mode Menu item Option Description W-CDMA-UL Option 23 W-CDMA uplink analysis 3GPP-R5-DL Option 27 3GPP Release 5 downlink analysis 3GPP-R5-UL Option 27 3GPP Release 5 uplink analysis 3- 1 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 128: Measurement Screen Layout

    The spectrum waveform and measurement results are displayed. You can display the spectrum and the spectrogram at the same time. Refer to Spectrogram Display on page 3- -18. Spectrum Measurement result Measurement item Figure 3- 2: S/A measurement screen 3- 2 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 129 Flex. Displays the graticule with the horizontal scale (per division) in a 1-2-5 sequence. The horizontal scale is set to 50 kHz/div for span of 300 kHz in the “Flex” grid style. Figure 3- 3: “Flex” grid style 3- 3 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 130: Spectrum Analysis

    Set the span by pressing the SPAN key on the front panel. d. Set the amplitude by pressing the AMPLITUDE key on the front panel. 4. Set the following Measurement Setup controls by pressing the MEAS SETUP key on the front panel. 3- 4 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 131 H Root Nyquist Rolloff Ratio. Enters rolloff ratio when Nyquist or Root Nyquist filter is selected. Range: 0.0001 to 1 (default value: 0.5). Integration Bandwidth Figure 3- 4: Channel power measurement band power markers 3- 5 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 132 Spectrum Analysis (S/A Mode) An example of the channel power measurement is shown in Figure 3- -5. Figure 3- 5: Channel power measurement 3- 6 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 133 Range: 0.0001 to 1 (default value: 0.5). Lower3 Lower2 Lower1 Main Upper1 Upper2 Upper3 Main Chan Bandwidth Adj Chan Bandwidth Adj Chan Bandwidth Chan Spacing Figure 3- 6: ACPR measurement band power markers 3- 7 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 134 Spectrum Analysis (S/A Mode) Figure 3- -7 shows an example of the ACPR measurement. Figure 3- 7: Example of ACPR measurement 3- 8 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 135 Rolloff Ratio. Enters rolloff ratio when Nyquist or Root Nyquist filter is selected. Range: 0.0001 to 1 (default value: 0.5). Carrier Bandwidth Noise Bandwidth Offset Figure 3- 8: C/N measurement band power markers 3- 9 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 136 Spectrum Analysis (S/A Mode) Figure 3- -9 shows an example of the C/N measurement. Figure 3- 9: Example of C/N measurement 3- 10 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 137 OBW (see Figure 3- -10). The default setting is 99% as defined in T- -53 or IS- -95 standard. Range: 80 to 99.99%. Power Ratio = (Cp/Sp)¢100 Cp: Power of carrier region Sp: Power of span region Figure 3- 10: OBW measurement band power marker 3- 11 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 138 Spectrum Analysis (S/A Mode) Figure 3- -11 shows an example of the OBW measurement. Figure 3- 11: Example of OBW measurement 3- 12 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 139 Range: 1 mHz to 1 MHz in a tenfold sequence (default: 1 Hz). Figure 3- -12 shows an example of the carrier frequency measurement. Carrier frequency measurement value Figure 3- 12: Carrier frequency measurement 3- 13 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 140 Measurement Level. Specifies how far down from the peak level the bandwidth is measured (see Figure 3- -13). Range: - -100 to - -1 dB (default: - -30 dB). Emission bandwidth Measurement Level Figure 3- 13: EBW measurement band power markers 3- 14 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 141 Spectrum Analysis (S/A Mode) Figure 3- -14 shows an example of the EBW measurement. Figure 3- 14: EBW measurement 3- 15 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 142 Scroll Table. Horizontally scrolls the spurious table displayed in the lower part of the screen. Up to 20 spurious signals are displayed. Ignore Region Standard signal peak Signal Threshold Spurious Threshold Excursion Normal signal Spurious signal Figure 3- 15: Setting up spurious signal measurement 3- 16 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 143 Detected spurious signals are assigned markers, numbered in descending order by amplitude. The frequency difference (deltaF) and the amplitude ratio (Ratio) in relation to the standard signal are shown in the table in the lower part of the screen. 3- 17 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 144: Spectrogram Display

    2. Press the S/A with Spectrogram side key. The spectrum and spectrogram are displayed on the same screen as shown in Figure 3- -17. Spectrum Spectrogram Figure 3- 17: Spectrum and spectrogram concurrent display 3- 18 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 145 4. Press the Show Views side key and select Single as shown in Figure 3- -19. Single display Displays the selected view on one screen. Figure 3- 19: Single display Refer to Setting Views on page 3- -193 for details. 3- 19 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 146: Real-Time Analysis

    The block size specified with the Timing menu (one frame = 1024 points fixed) Time Real-time mode Frame - - N Frame - - 2 Frame - - 1 Frame 0 Figure 3- 20: Difference between normal and real-time modes 3- 20 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 147: Table 3- 3: Features Of The Real-Time Mode

    100 Hz to 10 MHz (1-2-5 sequence) and 15 MHz Baseband 100 Hz to 20 MHz (1-2-5 sequence) Baseband: DC to 20 MHz; RF: 15 MHz to 3 GHz (WCA230A) / 8 GHz (WCA280A) 3- 21 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 148 Press the MARKER SETUP key. c. Press the Go to page 2 → Marker X Vertical side key. d. Set the frame number by turning the general purpose knob or using the numeric keypad. 3- 22 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 149 Refer to Spectrogram Display on page 3- -18. NOTE. In real-time mode, you cannot turn on or off the spectrogram in the View: Define menu. 3- 23 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 150: Zoom Function

    Frequency Center. Sets the frequency of the center of zoomed area. Frequency Width. Sets the frequency width of the zoomed area. Refer to Setting Timing Parameters on page 3- -141. 3- 24 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 151 6. Move the marker to the lower right point of the zoomed area using the Marker X Position and Marker X Vertical side keys. [Mouse] Move the mouse pointer to the lower right point of the zoomed area and left-click to put the marker on it. 3- 25 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 152 So, a large zoom ratio may cause the skirt shape of the spectrum to differ from that of the spectrum without zoom. However, it does not affect carrier power measurement results. 3- 26 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 153: Modulation Analysis (Demod Mode)

    H Standard... Performs modulation analysis according to a communication standard. For details, refer to the user manual included in each option as shown in Table 3- -5. For RFID analysis, refer to page 3- -61. 3- 27 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 154: Table 3- 5: Standard Menu In The Demod Mode

    Option 25 cdma2000 forward link analysis cdma2000-Rev Option 25 cdma2000 reverse link analysis 1xEV-DO-Fwd Option 26 cdma2000 1xEV-DO forward link analysis 1xEV-DO-Rev Option 26 cdma2000 1xEV-DO reverse link analysis RFID Standard RFID analysis 3- 28 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 155: Measurement Screen Layout

    Timing indicator “T” indicates a trigger point. The main view displays the measurement result and waveform for the range indicated by the green horizontal line. Main view Figure 3- 26: Demod mode screen 3- 29 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 156 5. Specify the start point of the analysis range by pressing the Analysis Offset side key. Analysis Offset Acquisition History Analysis Length Overview Acquisition Length Figure 3- 27: Analysis range setting in the overview 3- 30 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 157 4. Press the MARKER ➡ key on the front panel and then press the Analysis Time = Marker Time side key. The green line resizes to the specified range. MARKER ➡ key MARKER SETUP key Figure 3- 28: MARKERS keys 3- 31 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 158 Analysis Time = Marker Time side key. The green line resizes to the specified range. Overview Reference Cursor Marker The analysis range specified with the marker and the reference cursor Figure 3- 29: Specifying the range with the marker and the reference cursor 3- 32 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 159 2. Set the end point: Left-click to put the marker. 3. Set the analysis range: Press MARKER➡ → Analysis Time = Marker Time Figure 3- 30: Specifying the analysis range using the mouse 3- 33 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 160 H Waveform (Amplitude versus Time, default display) H Spectrogram The overview displays all data in one acquisition block. In the RFID analysis (refer to page 3- -61), you can also select Zoom (spectrogram with zoom function) for the overview. 3- 34 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 161 The subview content depends on measurement. Refer to each measurement description. Overview: Spectrogram Subview: Eye diagram VIEW: DEFINE menu Overview Content... Selects an overview display. Subview Content... Selects a subview display. Figure 3- 32: Changing the overview and subview 3- 35 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 162 3. Press the Show Views side key to select Single. Figure 3- -33 shows the one view display. Single The selected view is surrounded by a white box. One-view display Figure 3- 33: One-view display 3- 36 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 163: Analog Modulation Analysis

    Refer to page 3- -30 for information about setting the analysis range. 6. Set the measurement parameters by pressing the MEAS SETUP key on the front panel. For the Meas Setup menu, refer to the following sections. 3- 37 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 164 The following pages show examples for each measurement item. Refer to page 3- -193 for information about setting scale and formatting each view. Refer to page 3- -34 for information about changing the overview and subview. 3- 38 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 165 Measurement results From the top: G Positive peak AM value G Negative peak AM value G Total AM value = (peak-peak AM value) / 2 Modulation factor variation Figure 3- 34: AM demod measurement 3- 39 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 166 G Peak-to-peak frequency deviation G (Peak-to-peak frequency deviation) / 2 G Positive peak frequency deviation G Negative peak frequency deviation G RMS frequency deviation Frequency deviation variation Figure 3- 35: FM demod measurement 3- 40 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 167 Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Phase deviation variation Figure 3- 36: PM demod measurement You can select degree or radian for the angular unit by pressing SYSTEM → Instrument Setup...→ Angular Units. 3- 41 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 168 The IQ level measurement has no Meas Setup menu items. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: I/Q voltage versus Time (I and Q are indicated in yellow and green, respectively) Figure 3- 37: IQ versus time measurement 3- 42 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 169 The pulse spectrum measurement has no Meas Setup menu items. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Pulse spectrum (FFT for the analysis range specified in the overview) Figure 3- 38: Pulse spectrum measurement 3- 43 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 170: Digital Modulation Analysis

    H Eye Diagram page 3- -55 H AM/AM page 3- -56 H AM/PM page 3- -58 H CCDF page 3- -59 H PDF page 3- -60 Refer to Appendix C for digital demodulation symbol mapping. 3- 44 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 171: Table 3- 6: Communication Standard And Parameters

    Table 3- 7: Modulation type and available measurement item Measurement item 1/4πQPSK PSK/QAM GMSK GFSK OQPSK P25_C4FM Constellation IQ/Frequency versus Time Power versus Time Symbol Table Eye Diagram AM/AM AM/PM CCDF Includes BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and 256QAM. 3- 45 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 172 H On. Default. Automatically calculates the modulation depth for the analysis range and displays the value in the Modulation Depth side key. H Off. Sets the modulation depth using the Modulation Depth side key. 3- 46 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 173 H 0. Does not shift Q data (default). H - -. Shifts Q data by half a symbol in the negative direction on the time axis. This function is available in the following views: 3- 47 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 174 The Constellation, Symbol table, and Eye diagram displays are based on measurement data, and the EVM, AM/AM, AM/PM, CCDF, and PDF displays are based on the comparison of the measurement data and the reference data. 3- 48 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 175 The following pages show examples for each measurement item. Refer to page 3- -193 for information about setting scale and formatting each view. Refer to page 3- -34 for information about changing the overview and subview. 3- 49 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 176 P25 C4FM modulation only Modulation fidelity measurement results from the top: G RMS error magnitude (normalized by the deviation) G Carrier frequency offset G Frequency deviation G Symbol length Figure 3- 40: Constellation analysis 3- 50 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 177 G Origin offset NOTE. “Origin offset” is also called “IQ feedthrough”. Figure 3- 41: EVM measurement You can select degree or radian for the angular unit by pressing SYSTEM → Instrument Setup...→ Angular Units. 3- 51 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 178 G RMS error magnitude (normalized by the deviation) G Carrier frequency offset The red dots indicate the symbol points. G Frequency deviation G Symbol length Figure 3- 42: IQ/Frequency versus time measurement 3- 52 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 179 For the Meas Setup menu, refer to page 3- -45. For setting views, refer to page 3- -193. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Power versus Time Figure 3- 43: Power variance measurement 3- 53 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 180 For the Meas Setup menu, refer to page 3- -45. For setting views, refer to page 3- -193. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Symbol table Figure 3- 44: Symbol table analysis 3- 54 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 181 Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Eye diagram Figure 3- 45: Eye diagram analysis You can select degree or radian for the angular unit by pressing SYSTEM → Instrument Setup...→ Angular Units. 3- 55 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 182 The polynomial is expressed as follows (n: Max 15): f (x) = a + ... + a The values of are shown in the main view (see Figure 3- -47 on page 3- -57). 3- 56 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 183 (Refer to Maximum Coefficient on page 3- - 56) coefficient coefficient Red points: Measurement points Yellow lines: Measurement lines Blue line: Reference line Pink line: Best-fit line Oblique lines: Linear signal region Figure 3- 47: AM/AM measurement 3- 57 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 184 AM/PM distortion graph (Refer to Maximum Coefficient on page 3- - 56) coefficient coefficient Red points: Measurement points Yellow lines: Measurement lines Blue line: Reference line Pink line: Best-fit line Figure 3- 48: AM/PM measurement 3- 58 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 185 NOTE. The reference line is displayed in the Yellow line: Measurement line CCDF graph when the subview content is Green line: Recovered reference line AM/AM or AM/PM. Blue line: Gaussian line Figure 3- 49: CCDF measurement 3- 59 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 186 NOTE. The reference line is displayed in Yellow line: Measurement line the PDF graph when the subview content Green line: Recovered reference line is AM/AM or AM/PM. Blue center line: Average power Figure 3- 50: PDF measurement 3- 60 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 187: Rfid Analysis

    Logical Communication Interface Specification Recommended Standard, Version 1.0.0 H C0G1 (EPCglobal Gen1 Class0). Auto-ID Center Draft protocol specifica- tion for a 900 MHz Class 0 Radio Frequency Identification Tag NOTE. This instrument does not support ISO/IEC 18000-4 Mode-2. 3- 61 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 188: Table 3- 8: Measurement Items For Rfid Analysis

    G Constellation Power G Eye diagram G Symbol table Power on Power down Tag-to-Interrogator signaling (response) Interrogator-to-Tag signaling (command) G Carrier G Spurious Time G ACPR Figure 3- 51: RFID waveform and measurement items 3- 62 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 189 6. Press the MEAS SETUP key and set the measurement parameters. Refer to Meas Setup Menu in each measurement description. 7. Press the Analyze side key and carry out the analysis. (It is not necessary in the spurious and ACPR measurements.) 3- 63 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 190 Range: - -100 to 100 dB (default: 0 dB). Channel Bandwidth. Sets the channel bandwidth for the maximum EIRP measurement. Range: 0 to Span (default: 0 Hz). Figure 3- -52 shows an example of the carrier measurement. 3- 64 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 191 H Zoom (Spectrogram with the zoom function) Selects Waveform or Zoom while selecting the analysis range. Refer to Zoom Function on page 3- -24 for setting the analysis area on the spectrogram with the zoom function. 3- 65 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 192 S/A mode (refer to page 3- -16). Video filter indicator displayed when On. The spurious detection range is displayed in blue. Spurious marker Measurement table (Up to 20 spurious signals displayed) Figure 3- 53: Spurious measurement 3- 66 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 193 VBW. Sets the frequency bandwidth of the video filter. Range: 1 Hz to 1 GHz. The setting value may be limited by the sweep time setting. Sweep Time for VBW. Sets the sweep time to scan a set span. Range: 1 µs to 100 s. 3- 67 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 194 Adjacent channel channel selected with Scroll Table Measurement table. The channel selected by the Scroll Table side key is indicated by the red band-power cursor with the waveform. Figure 3- 54: ACPR measurements 3- 68 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 195: Table 3- 9: Standard Settings

    Miller (M_2 / M_4 / M_8) 14443-2-A Interrogator to Tag Modified Miller / NRZ 105.9375 kbps Tag to Interrogator Subcarrier OOK Manchester / NRZ 105.9375 kbps Subcarrier BPSK NRZ-L (4 periods) 211.875 kbps NRZ-L (2 periods) 423.75 kbps 3- 69 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 196 Refer to the ISO/IEC and EPCglobal documents listed in Compatible Standards on page 3- -61 for details on the encoding/decod- ing formats except the modified Miller code illustrated in Figure 3- -55. 3- 70 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 197 See Figure 3- -56. Range: 1 to 50% (default: 10%) Higher Threshold. Sets a higher threshold value for measuring the rise/fall time of the pulse. See Figure 3- -56. Range: 50 to 99% (default: 90%) 3- 71 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 198 Settling Error Width Overshoot 100% Undershoot Higher Threshold Lower Threshold Off level (Average level below the lower threshold) Settling time Time Rise time Fall time Figure 3- 56: Transmission power on/down measurement parameters 3- 72 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 199 5. Press the Bit Rate side key and set the bit rate, or press the Tari side key and set the Tari. Enter a value near the true value (within about ±20% of the true value). 6. Press the Auto Bit Rate or Auto Tari side key to select On. 3- 73 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 200 3- - 72) Measurement table G Rise/Fall time G Settling time G Overshoot G Undershoot G Off level Edge number (selected by VIEW: DEFINE → Edge #) Figure 3- 57: Power on/down measurements 3- 74 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 201 VIEW: SCALE → Unit. NOTE. The measurement table in the main view always displays the results for waveform data with the default unit of W. Selecting the unit does not affect the table contents. 3- 75 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 202: Table 3- 10: Details Of The Rf Envelope Measurement Table

    Duty cycle (=(On-width)/(Period)) On-ripple / Off-ripple Ripple of on-time or off-time Slope 1, 2, and 3 Rise/Fall time of slope 1, 2, and 3 (Slope 3 is Slope 1 of the envelope on the right) 3- 76 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 203 * (Duty cycle) = (On-width)/(Period) Figure 3- 59: RF envelope measurement parameters You can save the measurement table to a file (*.csv) by SAVE → Save Table. For file operations, refer to page 3- -239. 3- 77 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 204 Display Area. Valid for the constellation and the eye diagram views. Sets the percentage of area in the selected burst to display from the beginning. Range: 0.1 to 100% (default: 100%). 100% represents the whole burst. 3- 78 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 205 Constellation Measurement results (refer to Table 3- - 12) Eye diagram Display Area setting (refer to page 3- - 78) Symbol table Figure 3- 60: Constellation, eye diagram, and symbol table (main view) 3- 79 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 206: Table 3- 11: Symbol Value Definition

    G Estimated symbol rate G Estimated symbol rate (duration of a data-0) G Subcarrier jitter (rms) G Estimated Tari data-1 G Frequency offset (duration of a data-1) Set in the Meas Setup menu. 3- 80 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 207 Figure 3- -61 shows the definition of the modulation depth and index. Voltage Modulation depth = (A- - B)/A Modulation index = (A- - B)/(A+B) Time Figure 3- 61: Definition of the modulation depth and index 3- 81 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 208 Modulation Analysis (Demod Mode) 3- 82 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 209: Time Analysis (Time Mode)

    The measurement screen layout in the time analysis (Time mode) is the same as in the modulation analysis (Demod mode). Refer to Measurement Screen Layout on page 3- -29 for the view functions, setting an analysis range, and changing the view content. 3- 83 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 210: Time Variation Measurement

    The following pages show the examples for each measurement item. Refer to page 3- -193 for information about setting scale and formatting each view. Refer to page 3- -34 for information about changing the overview. 3- 84 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 211 I/Q voltage versus time. I and Q are indicated in yellow and green, respectively. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: I/Q voltage vs. Time (I and Q waveform are displayed in yellow and green, respectively) Figure 3- 63: IQ versus Time measurement 3- 85 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 212 Observes signal power change over time. Figure 3- -64 shows an example. The Measurement main view displays power level versus time. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Power versus Time Figure 3- 64: Power variance measurement 3- 86 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 213 Observes signal frequency change over time. Figure 3- -65 shows an example. Measurement The main view displays the frequency deviation from the center frequency versus time. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Frequency deviation versus Time Figure 3- 65: Frequency measurement 3- 87 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 214: Ccdf Measurement

    1. Measure the amplitude of the input signal over time. 2. Determine the amplitude distribution. 3. Obtain CCDF using the above formula. Amplitude CCDF Max. Crest factor Average Time Amplitude Amplitude (Average) Average Max. Figure 3- 66: CCDF calculation process 3- 88 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 215 MEAS SETUP key on the front panel. Single Acquisition. In single acquisition mode, you can set the total number of accumulated data points with TRACE/AVG → Maximum Points, ranging from 2048 to 10 3- 89 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 216 CCDF Scale. Sets the full-scale of the horizontal axis of CCDF graph display when CCDF Auto Scaling is Off. Range: 1 to 100 dB. Threshold. Sets the threshold which defines the samples to be included in the CCDF calculation. Range: - -250 to 130 dBm. 3- 90 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 217 Gaussian line (blue) Reference line (red) Vertical line at the crest factor Measurement results CCDF values in G Peak amplitude the CCDF curve G Average amplitude G Crest factor Figure 3- 67: CCDF single view 3- 91 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 218 Figure 3- -68 shows an example of the CCDF multi-view. Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Maximum value (red line) Average (blue line) Peak amplitude Average amplitude Crest factor CCDF measurement results Main view: CCDF Figure 3- 68: CCDF multi-view 3- 92 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 219: Pulse Measurements

    S/A (Spectrum Analysis) mode. Channel Power page 3- -5 page 3- -11 page 3- -14 The frequency deviation measurement is based on the Frequency versus Time measurement in the Transient mode. Refer to page 3- -87. 3- 93 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 220 You can set it by using Detection Threshold in the Meas Setup menu (refer to page 3- -100). Pulse-on The maximum peak Threshold Pulse-off Figure 3- 70: Definition of pulse-on/off 3- 94 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 221 By default, only the pulse-width measurement result is displayed on screen. 7. Press the MEAS SETUP key on the front panel to set the measurement parameters. Refer to page 3- -100 for the Meas Setup menu. 3- 95 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 222 In this case, change the span. H Message: Too long repetition interval. Indicates that the number of data samples of a pulse repetition interval exceeds about 260,000. In this case, change the span. 3- 96 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 223 View Results For... described below. 0 (zero) represents the most current pulse while larger negative numbers represent subsequent pulses. NOTE. The main view shows the measurement results for up to 1000 pulses (the pulse number of - -999 to 0). 3- 97 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 224 H Adaptive. Default. Adjusts the horizontal scale for each pulse to fit the pulse width to the subview. H Max. Adjusts the horizontal scale to fit the maximum pulse width in the analysis range to the subview. 3- 98 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 225 Displayed Measurement... Figure 3- 72: Setting the View Define menu You can save the measurement table to a file (*.csv) by SAVE → Save Table. For file operations, refer to page 3- -239. 3- 99 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 226 Filter Bandwidth. Sets the bandwidth for the Gaussian measurement filter. Range: Span/10 to full span (default: 3.6 MHz) Filter Parameter. Sets the α/BT value for the Gaussian measurement filter. Range: 0.0001 to 1.0 (default: 0.35) 3- 100 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 227 (bold lines in Figure 3- -73 on page 3- -102) indicating the measurement points. Also, the pulse detection threshold (MEAS SETUP → Detection Threshold) is shown with the green arrow. These guidelines can be turned on or off by VIEW: DEFINE → Guidelines. 3- 101 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 228 The green arrow indicates the pulse detection threshold (MEAS SETUP → Detection Threshold) Pulse ripple Repetition interval On/Off ratio Pulse-pulse phase Channel power Duty cycle Frequency deviation Figure 3- 73: Waveform display in the subview 3- 102 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 229: Signal Source Analysis

    H Random jitter H Periodic jitter Spurious Spurious Real-Time Spurious Frequency versus Time Frequency settling time For the “Real-Time” concept, refer to: Real-Time Analysis page 1- -3 Features of the Real-Time Mode page 3- -20 3- 103 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 230 1. Press the SYSTEM key on the front panel. 2. Press the Instrument Setup... side key. 3. Press the Angular Units side key to select degrees or radians. 3- 104 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 231 NOTE. The integrated phase noise and random jitter will be calculated if the frequency range from Rj Start Offset Frequency to Rj Stop Offset Frequency is within the range from Minimum Offset Frequency to Maximum Offset Frequency. 3- 105 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 232 Random jitter measurement range Lower view Offset frequency Current trace Averaged trace Periodic jitter (displayed in green) by the Median filter (displayed in yellow) Max Pj Threshold Figure 3- 74: Phase noise measurement parameters 3- 106 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 233 H Reference. When loaded as Trace 2, displays the waveform as the reference, which has been saved using Save Trace 1. H Off. Displays no waveform. 3- 107 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 234: Table 3- 14: Phase Noise Measurement Frequency Band

    Set a center frequency within the 3.5 GHz to 6.5 GHz frequency range. (RF2 (RF2 and 3 are for WCA280A only.) f WCA280A 5 GHz to 8 GHz H Table 3- -15 and 3- -16 show the bin width and the number of waveform points for C/N versus Offset frequency measurement.

  • Page 235: Table 3- 16: The Number Of Waveform Points

    H On. Default. Carrier tracking is executed. The measurement is conducted with the carrier frequency always positioned centrally. H Off. Carrier tracking is not executed. The measurement is conducted with the central frequency that was set using FREQUENCY → Center Freq. 3- 109 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 236 SAVE → Save Table. For file operations, refer to page 3- -239. Spurious detection range is displayed in blue. Spurious marker Measurement table (Up to 20 spurious signals displayed) Figure 3- 76: Spurious measurement 3- 110 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 237 C/N Settling Threshold. Enabled when C/N versus Time is displayed in the subview. Sets the threshold value for obtaining the phase noise settling time. Setting range: - -200 to 0 dBc/Hz (default: 0 dBc/Hz). 3- 111 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 238 VIEW: DEFINE → Subview Content... The main view is the same as in the phase noise measurement (see Figure 3- -75 on page 3- -107), except that this main view is real time. 3- 112 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 239 See Figure 3- -79. The random jitter settling time is also indicated. H Integrated Phase Noise vs Time H C/N vs Time See Figure 3- -79. The C/N settling time is also indicated. 3- 113 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 240 In this case, lower Carrier Threshold Level in the Meas Setup menu. H Message: Out of Span. In this case, decrease Carrier Bandwidth in the Meas Setup menu, or match the carrier frequency with the center frequency. 3- 114 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 241 Figure 3- -80 shows an example of the real-time spurious measurement. The main view is the same as the spurious measurement (refer to page 3- -109), except that this main view is real time. 3- 115 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 242 This is like a spectrogram except that the color axis represents C/N in dBc/Hz. H C/N vs Offset Freq This is the same as the main view in the real-time phase noise measurement (see Figure 3- -78 on page 3- -113). 3- 116 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 243 Frequency settling time Frequency Freq Settling Mean value Mean value Freq Settling Threshold on the bottom on the top Threshold Settling time from trigger Trigger Time Figure 3- 81: Frequency versus Time measurement parameters 3- 117 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 244 Overview: Power versus Time Subview: Spectrum Main view: Frequency vs. Time Measurement result: Frequency settling time Figure 3- 82: Frequency versus Time measurement 3- 118 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 245: Setting Frequency And Span

    This section describes frequency and span, which are fundamental settings for observing the spectrum. These items are set using the general purpose knob and the numeric input keypad. You can also use the marker peak search function to set frequency. 3- 119 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 246: Frequency And Span Setting Menu

    Sets frequency or channel. Center Freq. Sets the center frequency. Numeric entry field. Range: 0 Hz to 3 GHz (WCA230A), 0 Hz to 8 GHz (WCA280A) Start Freq. Sets the minimum value (left edge) of the horizontal axis. Numeric entry field.
  • Page 247 Start Freq. Same as Start Freq on page 3- -120. Stop Freq. Same as Stop Freq on page 3- -120. Span Start Freq Center Freq Stop Freq Figure 3- 83: Setting frequency and span 3- 121 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 248: Using The Channel Table

    FL: Forward link; RL: Reverse link; UL: Uplink; DL: Downlink 3. Press the Channel side key and select a channel number. For example, when selecting channel 10551 in the W-CDMA downlink table, the center frequency is automatically set to 2.1102 GHz. 3- 122 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 249: Using The Marker And Peak Search

    Refer to Setting the Analysis Range on page 3- -30 for details. In the overview of spectrogram or the subview of spectrum, you can use the Center Freq = Marker Freq side key as in the S/A mode described above. 3- 123 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 250: Frequency Setting Range

    In spectrum analyzer mode, the out-of-range values are allowed, but part of the trace may not be displayed because the analyzer cannot acquire that part of the waveform (see Figure 3- -85). 3- 124 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 251 Center frequency A part of the trace is not displayed in these two settings: Not displayed Set span Center frequency Not displayed Set span Figure 3- 85: Relationship between the frequency and span settings 3- 125 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 252: Vector Span

    Physical frame (Scan data) Logical frame (Display data) Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 0 Frame N Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 1 Frame N Figure 3- 86: Vector mode and scalar mode 3- 126 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 253: Setting Amplitude

    Ref Level Auto Level RF Atten/Mixer Auto / RfAtt / Mixer RF Att ( RF Atten/Mixer = Rf Att) Mixer Level (RF Atten/Mixer = Mixer) Corrections... Amplitude Offset Figure 3- 87: Amplitude menu structure 3- 127 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 254: Table 3- 18: Reference Level Setting Range

    Auto Level will force the analyzer to acquire new data, which will overwrite the existing data. To scale the existing displayed waveform, do not use Auto Level. Instead, use the View: Scale menu. Ref Level Vertical Scale Figure 3- 88: Setting the amplitude 3- 128 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 255: Table 3- 19: Rf Attenuation Level Setting

    Use the default value in most cases. This level can be increased up to - -5 dBm when a high dynamic range is required for measurements such as the ACPR (Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio) measurement. 3- 129 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 256: Table 3- 21: Vertical Scale Setting Range

    Use the Vertical Units side key to select the unit. 6. To apply amplitude correction, press the Corrections... side key to set the parameters. Refer to Amplitude Correction on page 3- -132 for details. 3- 130 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 257: Over-Voltage Input

    “A/D OVERFLOW” may be displayed for a moment and then turned off immediately. When a single high-level signal is applied under a setting using one physical frame in one scan, the same phenomenon may be observed. 3- 131 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 258: Amplitude Correction

    Corrected display Amplitude +20 dB - -60dBm correction Input signal - - 20 dB - - 80 dBm - -80dBm Preamplifier 1 GHz 1 GHz 1 GHz Figure 3- 90: The amplitude correction concept 3- 132 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 259 H Ampl Interpolation. Selects the vertical scale for interpolating correction data: Linear or dB. Load Table. Reads an amplitude correction table from a file. Save Table. Writes a created correction table to a file. 3- 133 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 260 = (Input waveform) - - (Correction value) Correction Display range 10 dB value Linear 5 dB interpolation 0 dB Frequency 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz Correction range Figure 3- 91: Amplitude correction example 3- 134 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 261 H Do not use a space in a numeric value; however, you can space before and after “=”. Correct: 10M = 10 (A space is inserted before and after “=”.) Incorrect: 10 M=10 (A space is inserted between “10” and “M”.) 3- 135 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 262 Repeat step c to enter the frequency and amplitude correction values for all points. e. Press the Done Editing Table side key. The input is accepted and a new row is added. 3- 136 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 263 H To delete a row, press the Delete Point side key. H To delete all data in the table, press the Clear Table side key. 7. Repeat steps 5 through 6 as needed. 3- 137 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 264 Press the Corrections... side key. c. Press the Save Table side key to specify the save file. Refer to page 3- -239 for file handling. For information about performing amplitude correction, refer to page 3- -140. 3- 138 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 265 AMPLITUDE → Corrections...→ Frequency Offset menu item. Correction range specified Correction range after the in the correction table frequency offset Frequency 1 GHz 2 GHz Frequency offset (1 GHz in this example) Figure 3- 94: Frequency offset 3- 139 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 266 The analyzer automatically saves the correction data in use when it is powered down. The data will be erased when you press these keys: H AMPLITUDE → Corrections...→ Edit Table...→ Clear Table H PRESET 3- 140 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 267: Setting Timing Parameters

    Analysis Length Analysis Offset Frequency Center Frequency Width DEMOD and Time modes Acquisition Length Acquisition History Spectrum Length Spectrum Offset Analysis Length Analysis Offset Output Trigger Indicator Figure 3- 96: Timing menu structure 3- 141 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 268 (“O”) on the overview. Refer to Trigger Point Indicator on page 3- -171. For procedures to set these parameters, refer to Setting the Analysis Range on page 3- -30 and Setting FFT Processing Range for the Subview on page 3- -34. 3- 142 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 269 Acquisition Length. Same as in the Demod and Time modes. Spectrum Offset. Specifies the number of the frame in the spectrogram to display the spectrum. The latest frame is number zero. Older frames have larger negative numbers. 3- 143 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 270 Frequency Width. Sets the frequency width of the analysis area. Trigger output point Frequency Analysis Offset Time Analysis area Analysis Length Frequency Width Frequency Center Figure 3- 98: Timing parameters in the zoom mode 3- 144 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 271: Seamless Acquisition

    When the span is set greater than 15 MHz, one display frame is reproduced from multiple acquired frames and the frame cycle becomes meaningless. Refer to Vector Span on page 3- -126 for details. 3- 145 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 272 Setting Timing Parameters 3- 146 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 273: Trigger

    NOTE. The trigger functions vary according to the product serial numbers (the serial number is labeled on the bottom-right corner of the rear panel). The following descriptions are marked with the appropriate serial number if necessary. 3- 147 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 274: Trigger Menu (S/N B020000 And Above)

    Insert New Point Set All Points to Maximum Set All Points to Minimum Reset Mask to Default In / Out / In and Out / Out and In Figure 3- 101: Trigger menu structure 3- 148 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 275: Table 3- 22: How To Acquire A Waveform

    Press this key again to stop acquisition. Single Press RUN/STOP to acquire one waveform. Triggered Continuous Press RUN/STOP to acquire data every trigger event. Single Press RUN/STOP to acquire one waveform every trigger event. 3- 149 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 276 For example, if you set the trigger position to 50%, the trigger occurs at the center of the block, as shown in Figure 3- -102. Range: 0 to 100% in 1% step. 1 block Time Position setting Trigger occurs Acquisition completed Figure 3- 102: Trigger position 3- 150 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 277: Table 3- 23: Trigger Level Setting Range

    Define Mask... Option 02 only. Creates a trigger mask when the trigger mode is set to Triggered and the source is set to Freq Mask. The trigger mask is created in the spectrum view. Refer to page 3- -165 for details on creating a trigger mask. 3- 151 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 278 In and Out alternate at each block acquisition. Use the acquisition history control to view alternate In/Out blocks. Trigger level Trigger occurs Rise Fall Figure 3- 104: Trigger level and slope 3- 152 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 279 Triggered / Single Data acquisition Display Data acquisition Display … Time Press the Trigger Press the Trigger RUN/STOP key RUN/STOP key Figure 3- 105: Acquiring and displaying data by Trigger and Repeat modes 3- 153 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 280 Save Count Limit. Sets a limit on the number of times that data is saved. This setting is enabled when the above-mentioned Save Count is On. Setting range: 1 to 16383 (default: 100) 3- 154 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 281: Trigger Menu (S/N Below B020000 And J300100 And Above)

    In / Out / In and Out / Out and In Source = External Slope... Rise / Fall / Rise and Fall / Fall and Rise Position Figure 3- 106: Trigger menu structure 3- 155 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 282: Table 3- 24: How To Acquire A Waveform

    Press this key again to stop acquisition. Single Press RUN/STOP to acquire one waveform. Triggered Continuous Press RUN/STOP to acquire data every trigger event. Single Press RUN/STOP to acquire one waveform every trigger event. 3- 156 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 283: Table 3- 25: Trigger Level Setting Range

    - - 40 to 0 dBfs in 1 dBfs steps (in time domain) For the external trigger, the trigger level is fixed internally. For specifications of the external trigger, refer to page A- -12. 3- 157 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 284 H Out and In. The analyzer triggers with Out to acquire the first block, and In to acquire the second. In and Out alternate at each block acquisition. Use the acquisition history control to view alternate In/Out blocks. 3- 158 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 285 For example, if you set the trigger position to 50%, the trigger occurs at the center of the block, as shown in Figure 3- -108. Range: 0 to 100% in 1% step. 1 block Time Position setting Trigger occurs Acquisition completed Figure 3- 108: Trigger position 3- 159 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 286 Triggered / Single Data acquisition Display Data acquisition Display … Time Press the Trigger Press the Trigger RUN/STOP key RUN/STOP key Figure 3- 109: Acquiring and displaying data by Trigger and Repeat modes 3- 160 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 287 Save Count Limit. Sets a limit on the number of times that data is saved. This setting is enabled when the above-mentioned Save Count is On. Setting range: 1 to 16383 (default: 100) 3- 161 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 288: If Trigger (S/N Below B020000 And J300100 And Above)

    - -5 - -10 - -15 Amplitude (dB) - -20 - -25 - -30 - -35 - -40 Trigger level (%) Figure 3- 110: Trigger level vs. Amplitude (reference level = +3 dBm) 3- 162 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 289 Figure B: Added waveform of 1 Hz, 3 Hz, and 5 Hz sine waves Amplitude 9 10 Frequency (Hz) Figure C: Spectrum of Figure B Figure 3- 111: Waveforms in time domain and in frequency domain 3- 163 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 290 1 MHz of span activates the IF trigger even if no signal exceeds the trigger level within the range of 1 MHz of span. Trigger level 15 MHz (IF trigger detection range) 1 MHz span Figure 3- 112: IF trigger detection range 3- 164 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 291: Creating A Trigger Mask (Option 02 Only)

    (subview in the Demod and Time modes). The trigger occurs when the input signal exits or enters the area. Real Time S/A mode Trigger mask Demod and Time modes (upper screen) Trigger mask Figure 3- 113: Trigger mask 3- 165 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 292 Reset Mask to Default. Displays the default mask. See Figure 3- -114. Set All Points to Maximum Set All Points to Minimum 60 dB Reset Mask to Default 60 dB Figure 3- 114: Filling operation for creating a mask 3- 166 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 293 Press the Show Views side key and select Single. 4. Press the TRIG key on the front panel. 5. Press the Define Mask... side key. The default setting is for the whole area to fill with blue on the graticule. 3- 167 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 294 Press the Set Selected Point X side key and set the horizontal position of Point A to two divisions from the left edge (see Figure 3- -117). Figure 3- 117: Changing the position of Point A 3- 168 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 295 Press the Set Selected Point Y side key and set the vertical position of Point C to four divisions from the top edge (see Figure 3- -119). Point C Figure 3- 119: Adding Point C The trigger mask is stored in the internal memory. 3- 169 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 296 S/A: Real Time S/A, DEMOD: Analog Demod, Digital Demod, TIME: Transient, and CCDF. When you press the PRESET key on the front panel, the instrument settings are reset to the default only for the currently active mode. 3- 170 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 297: Trigger Point Indicator

    To connect the trigger output to other instruments, use the TRIG OUT connector on the rear panel (see Rear Panel on page 2- -4). The output specification is: H level >2.0 V, L level <0.4V, and output current <1 mA. 3- 171 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 298: Synchronous Operation With External Instruments

    By synchronizing two or more analyzers, you can acquire multiple signals in different span keeping the time correlation. Figure 3- -121 shows an example of two WCA230A/WCA280A analyzers performing IMT2000 signal analysis. One analyzer is used as a master to acquire an uplink (or forward link) signal and the other is used as a slave to acquire a downlink (or reverse link) signal.

  • Page 299: Fft And Rbw

    S FFT start point S Roll-off ratio * FFT points is normally set automatically with the RBW setting. RBW is normally set automatically with the span setting. Figure 3- 122: FFT and RBW process 3- 173 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 300: Rbw/Fft Menu

    FFT Window... side keys. The result of FFT processing is displayed as is, without RBW processing. When RBW/FFT is set to Man. RBW. Sets RBW when Man is selected in RBW/FFT. Range: 2 kHz to 2 MHz (the default is 80 kHz) 3- 174 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 301 (see Figure 3- -124). Frequency domain data Time domain data after A/D conversion Measurement and display When RBW/FFT is set to FFT Figure 3- 124: Process flow when RBW/FFT = FFT 3- 175 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 302 For the window type, refer to Table 3- -27 on page 3- -180. The default is Blackman-Harris 4B. Time-domain data Time Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 S S S Start Point Overlap 1024 points Figure 3- 125: FFT overlap 3- 176 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 303: Fft Points

    Increasing the number of FFT points causes the noise floor to go down and occasionally display spurious signals. Spurious signal Figure 3- 126: Generating spurious signals by increasing the number of FFT points 3- 177 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 304: Fft Window

    Hanning. different. Blackman-Harris H Suitable for amplitude measurement but not H Signal that has one-frequency ruling when a high suitable for frequency measurement. order harmonic is detected. 3- 178 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 305 For ordinal measurements, select the window capable of separating the desired frequency component. Such a window maximizes the accuracy of measuring amplitude levels and minimizes leakage error while separating each frequency component. 3- 179 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 306: Table 3- 27: Fft Window And Bandpass Filter

    --- 60 --- 80 --- 100 --- 120 Blackman-Harris 0 dB 4 sample B type --- 20 (Default) --- 40 1.898 - - 92 dB 2.004353 --- 60 --- 80 --- 100 --- 120 3- 180 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 307 0 dB --- 20 1.15 - - 21 dB 1.197677 --- 40 --- 60 --- 80 Sine Lobe 0 dB --- 20 1.186 - - 23 dB 1.233702 --- 40 --- 60 --- 80 3- 181 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 308 Flat Top 0 dB --- 20 --- 40 3.182 - - 51 dB 3.196927 --- 60 --- 80 --- 100 Rectangular 0 dB --- 20 0.886 - - 13 dB --- 40 --- 60 3- 182 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 309: Trace Comparison Display And Average Function

    Figure 3- 128: Comparison display of Trace 1 and 2 The main topics in this section are: H Trace/Avg menu H Displaying Trace 1 and 2 H Averaging waveform H Saving/Loading waveform data H Trace compression display 3- 183 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 310: Trace/Avg Menu

    Select Trace. Selects the trace to control: trace 1 or 2. Trace 1/2. Controls the selected trace. H On. Turns on the selected trace. H Freeze. Freezes display of the selected trace. H Off. Turns off the selected trace. 3- 184 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 311: Table 3- 28: Averaging Method

    H Min. Displays the minimum value of data corresponding to each pixel. The analyzer performs RMS detection using the linear A/D converter regardless of the Display Detection setting. Refer to page 3- -190 for details on compression of waveform display data. 3- 185 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 312: Displaying Trace 1 And 2

    4. Press the Trace 1 (or 2) Type... side key to select the trace type: Normal, Average, MaxHold or MinHold (refer to Trace 1/2 Type on page 3- -185). 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for Trace 1 and 2. 3- 186 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 313: Averaging The Waveform

    , Min Hold. Displays only the minimum value at each data point. X(p) = x(p) for : n = 1 for : n ≧ 2 X(p) = min(X(p) x(p) n–1 , 3- 187 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 314 Selects the display method. Trace 1 (or 2) Type Selects the trace type (Average here). Number of Averages Sets how many traces are accumulated. Reset Average Restart averaging. Figure 3- 130: Displaying an averaged waveform 3- 188 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 315 Max Hold waveform. Trace 2: averaged waveform (This figure shows an example of Max Hold) Trace 1: ordinary spectrum waveform (This figure shows an example of a digitally- modulated signal) Figure 3- 131: Compared display 3- 189 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 316: Saving/Loading Waveform Data

    Table 3- -29. Table 3- 29: Number of bins (FFT points: 1024) Span Number of bins 2 MHz or less 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz (Baseband only) 3- 190 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 317 3. Press the Display Detection... side key and select Max, Min, or Max-Min. NOTE. Display Detection determines how to deal with data between spectrum display points. The analyzer performs RMS detection using the linear A/D converter regardless of the Display Detection setting. 3- 191 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 318 Pixel data on screen Max-Min Acquired data points Acquires the minimum and maximum values of data points corresponding to each pixel. Pixel data on screen Figure 3- 133: Compression method for displaying the waveform 3- 192 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 319: Setting Views

    H Symbol table H Eye diagram H AM/AM view H AM/PM view H PDF view H Noisogram view For information on views specific to the other optional analyses, refer to each user manual. 3- 193 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 320: View Menu

    Sets the horizontal and vertical axes for the view selected with the SELECT key. VIEW: SELECT VIEW: DEFINE selects a view defines the view VIEW: SCALE scales the view Figure 3- 134: View keys 3- 194 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 321: Basic Procedure

    Press the VIEW: DEFINE key. b. Press the Show Views side key to select Multi. Refer to page 3- -34 for information about changing the overview and the subview using the Define menu. 3- 195 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 322: Spectrum View Setting

    Vertical Stop. Sets the maximum value (top) of the vertical axis. Full Scale. Sets the scale of the vertical axis to the default full-scale value. Vertical Stop Vertical Scale Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 135: Setting the scale in spectrum view 3- 196 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 323: Spectrogram View Setting

    Step to Analysis Window. Vertical Start is automatically set so that the frame analyzed and displayed in the main view appears on the spectrogram. Step to Trigger. Vertical Start is automatically set so that the frame at the trigger position appears on the spectrogram. 3- 197 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 324 Setting Views Color Stop Color Scale Vertical Size Vertical Start Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 136: Scale and format settings in spectrogram view 3- 198 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 325: Time Domain View Setting

    Available when the vertical axis represents: AM modulation factor FM frequency deviation PM phase deviation IQ voltage. Full Scale. Sets the scale of the vertical axis to the default full-scale value. 3- 199 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 326 Vertical axis: AM modulation factor, FM frequency deviation, PM phase deviation, or IQ level (AM modulation factor shown) Vertical Offset Vertical Scale Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 137: Setting the scale in time domain view 3- 200 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 327: Ccdf View Setting

    Full Scale. Sets the scale of the vertical axis to the default full-scale value. Sub Grid. Time mode only. Determines whether to display the sub-grid. Vertical Stop Vertical Start Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 138: Setting the scale in CCDF view 3- 201 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 328: Constellation View Setting

    H Constellation. Selects the constellation display. It is the same as the vector display, except that only symbols of the measurement signal are indicated in red, and the locus between symbols is not displayed. Vector display Constellation display Figure 3- 139: Vector and constellation displays 3- 202 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 329: Evm View Setting

    Vertical axis: EVM (An example of magnitude error below) Vertical Vertical Vertical Scale Scale Offset Vertical Start Horizontal Scale Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Horizontal Start Figure 3- 140: Setting the scale in EVM view 3- 203 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 330 Magnitude error display Phase error display Figure 3- 141: EVM, magnitude and phase error displays You can select degree or radian for the angular unit by pressing SYSTEM → Instrument Setup...→ Angular Units. 3- 204 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 331 (Phase Error) θ +3/4π movement (10) - - 3/4π movement (11) - - 1/4π movement (01) +1/4π movement (00) Assumed position before movement Figure 3- 142: Constellation view and error vectors in 1/4π QPSK 3- 205 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 332: Symbol Table Setting

    You can display this diagram in the eye diagram analysis in the digital modulation analysis (refer to page 3- -55). 3- 206 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 333 Eye Length. Sets the number of symbols displayed on the horizontal axis. The time required for movement between symbols is defined as 1 (one). Range: 1 to 16 (the default is 2) Trellis Figure 3- 144: Eye diagram view 3- 207 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 334: Am/Am View Setting

    Vertical Start. Shows the minimum value (bottom) of the vertical axis (not settable). Equal to the Horizontal Start value. Vector display Dot display Vertical Start Horizontal Start Figure 3- 145: Vector and dot displays for AM/AM view 3- 208 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 335: Am/Pm View Setting

    Vertical Scale. Sets the vertical full-scale value to expand the graph vertically. Range: The initial maximum value × 0.05 to the maximum value Vector display Dot display Vertical Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 146: Vector and dot displays for AM/PM view 3- 209 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 336: Pdf View Setting

    You can change the scale of the horizontal and vertical axes within these full-scale values. Vertical Stop Vertical Scale Horizontal Scale Horizontal Start Figure 3- 147: Setting the scale in PDF view 3- 210 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 337: Noisogram View Setting

    Color Stop. Sets the maximum value (top) of the color axis. Range: [70 - - (Color Scale)] to 70 dBc/Hz. Full Scale. Sets the maximum value of the color axis to 0 and the height to 100 dBc/Hz. 3- 211 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 338 Setting Views Color Stop Vertical Size Color Scale Vertical Start Horizontal Start Horizontal Stop Figure 3- 148: Setting the scale in noisogram view 3- 212 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 339: Display Line

    NOTE. The display line is available only in the S/A (spectrum analysis) mode. Vertical line Horizontal line Figure 3- 149: Display line This section provides these two topics: H Display Line Operation (Other than Real Time S/A) H Multi Display Lines (Real Time S/A Only) 3- 213 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 340: Display Line Operation (Other Than Real Time S/A)

    Line 1. Sets the position of the first line. Line 2. Sets the position of the second line. Delta. Sets the difference between the first line and the second: (Value of Line 2) - - (Value of Line 1) 3- 214 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 341 (value of Delta) = (value of line 2) - - (value of line 1) H To turn off the horizontal line: Press the Number Of Line side key to select None. Values at line positions Horizontal line (Dual) Figure 3- 151: Two horizontal lines 3- 215 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 342 (value of Delta) = (value of line 2) - - (value of line 1) H To turn off the vertical line: Press the Number Of Line side key to select None. Figure 3- 152: Two horizontal and two vertical lines 3- 216 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 343: Multi Display Lines (Real Time S/A Only)

    Amplitude reference line (red) Amplitude display lines (blue) Lines readout Time display lines (blue) Time reference line (red) Frequency reference line (red) Frequency display lines (blue) Figure 3- 153: Multi display lines (Real Time S/A mode) 3- 217 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 344 Time Line Time Line Offset Time Line Interval Frequency Line Off / On Frequency Line Offset Frequency Line Interval View Lines Readout Off / On Figure 3- 154: Lines menu structure (Real Time S/A) 3- 218 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 345 Range: 0 second minimum. The maximum value depends on acquired data quantity. The other menu items (Frequency Line, Frequency Line Offset, Frequency Line Interval, and View Lines Readout) are the same as the spectrum view. 3- 219 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 346 Display Line 3- 220 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 347: Marker Operation And Peak Search

    Two markers (called Marker 1 and 2) indicated by “V” and “Z” move on a waveform. “V” and “Z” represent an active and a fixed marker, respectively. They are used to measure relative values. 3- 221 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 348: Markers Menu

    Demod and Time (Transient) modes only Peak Search Hor. Threshold Reference Cursor to Trigger Reference Cursor to Trigger Output Time (CCDF) mode only Peak Search Hor. Threshold Figure 3- 156: Markers menu structure 3- 222 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 349 The definition of “next” can be set in the Marker Setup menu, using Peak Search Freq. Threshold or Hor. Threshold. Refer to Setting the Minimum Jump of the Marker on page 3- -231. 3- 223 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 350 Reference Cursor to Trigger Output. Demod and Time modes only. Enables the reference cursor at the same position as the trigger output in the overview. 3- 224 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 351: Using Markers

    Marker 1 numeric keypad. Markers Enables one, two, or no markers. Single is selected, enabling marker 1 only. Figure 3- 157: Measurement with a single marker 3- 225 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 352 = (Marker 1 readout) - - (Marker 2 readout) Select Marker Selects the active marker. Markers Marker 1 Here selects Delta to enable Marker 1 and 2. Marker 2 Figure 3- 158: Using the delta marker to take measurements 3- 226 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 353 Marker 1 Marker 2 Reference Cursor to Marker X Enables the reference cursor. Reference Cursor Off Turns off the reference cursor. Reference cursor Figure 3- 159: Measurement with the reference cursor 3- 227 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 354 The marker moves to another trace Assign Marker X to Trace with the same horizontal position. Selects the trace to place the marker. Trace 1 Trace 2 Figure 3- 160: Changing the Trace 3- 228 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 355 Conversely, if you move the marker on the spectrogram to the left, the marker on the spectrum moves to the left. Markers interlock Figure 3- 161: Interlocked markers 3- 229 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 356: Peak Search

    Moves the marker higher in amplitude to Moves the marker lower in amplitude to the next signal. the next signal. Figure 3- 162: Functions of the peak search keys 3- 230 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 357 3. Press either of the following side keys depending on the measurement mode and then set the minimum jump: H Peak Search Freq. Threshold in the S/A mode H Peak Search Hor. Threshold in the Demod and Time modes 3- 231 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 358 Marker Operation and Peak Search 3- 232 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 359: Using The Online Help

    H View Front Panel Button Help. Provides descriptions of the front-panel keys. H View Online User Manual. Displays the analyzer user manual, formatted for online use. H View Online Programmer Manual. Displays the analyzer programmer manual, formatted for online use. 3- 233 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 360 Manual: Using the front panel keys listed in Table 3- -30, select the topic from the contents window on screen (see Figure 3- -165). The key functions are different in the contents (left) window than in the descrip- tions (right) window. 3- 234 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 361 ENTER Accepts the selection and displays the corresponding content. Select the topic from the contents. Figure 3- 165: Online user manual 4. To exit the help system, press the Cancel-Back (top) side key. 3- 235 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 362: Using A Mouse And Keyboard

    Refer to Side-Panel Interface on page 2- -5 on connecting a USB mouse and keyboard to the analyzer. Enter a search word with the keyboard Figure 3- 166: Word search using the keyboard 3- 236 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 363: Selecting Input Source

    Calibrating Center Offset on page 1- -24.) H Cal. Uses the internal 50 MHz calibration signal as the signal source. Refer to Functional Check on page 1- -14 for using the cal signal to check the system performance. 3- 237 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 364 H Ext. Uses the 10 MHz sine wave of - -10 to +6 dBm from the REF IN connector on the rear panel when you want to synchronize the analyzer with other instrument(s). The reference clock is available from the REF OUT connector on the rear panel. 3- 238 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 365: File Operations

    A file used in the S/A (Spectrum Analysis) mode to save an amplitude correction table. The data in this file is loaded when the amplitude correction is performed. Refer to page 3- -132 for the amplitude correction. 3- 239 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 366: Load/Save Menu

    IQData for an IQ data file All Blocks / Current Block / Current Area Save Data... Trace for a trace file Corr for a correction file Bitmap for a bitmap file Figure 3- 168: Load/Save menu structure 3- 240 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 367 Save Trace 1. Saves data for Trace 1 of a graph. Save Trace 2. Saves data for Trace 2 of a graph. Save Correction. Saves a correction table of Frequency/Amplitude pairs used for adjusting amplitude values. 3- 241 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 368: Saving And Loading Files

    All Blocks Data of all blocks Current Block Data of the block currently displayed Current Area Data currently shown in the main view 3. To enter a new file name, skip to step 5. 3- 242 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 369 TraceA, TraceB, TraceC Correction (.cor) CorrA, CorrB, CorrC The data is saved to the file with that name in the C:\My Documents folder. The file extension is automatically added according to the file type. 3- 243 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 370 After selecting the folder, press the Done side key to accept it. The list of files in the selected folder appears, displaying only files with the same extension as the file to be stored. 3- 244 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 371 The data is saved to the specified file. Filename Enters a file name. Save File Now Stores the data to the specified file. Folder... Shows the selected directory (“C:\My Documents” here). Figure 3- 171: Save to File menu 3- 245 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 372 “File name not found” appears on the bottom left of the screen. Loads data from the preset file (trace file in this example) Figure 3- 172: Load from the preset file (lower right of the screen) 3- 246 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 373 Therefore, when you save all the blocks to a file and then load the file, the waveform does not appear at first. If you have acquired multiple blocks, select an old block to display the waveform. 3- 247 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 374: Entering A File Name

    Deletes a character just before the cursor. These keys are not available for entering a file name. Enter/Next key Accepts the input character. CAPS LOCK key (+ and - - are not available) Figure 3- 174: Alphanumeric keypad 3- 248 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 375 If you want to restart from the beginning, press the Cancel - Back (top) side key. You can also move the insertion cursor using the general purpose knob or up/down keys. 3- 249 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 376: Deleting A File

    You can make or delete a directory using Windows, but not using the analyzer menu. Refer to page 2- -26 for information about using Windows on the analyzer. Refer to Windows documentation for additional information about operating Windows. 3- 250 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 377: File Format

    If you examine the file size and find the date and time at the end, use them in place of DateTime in the file header. Refer to DateTime on page 3- -254 for the format of date and time. 3- 251 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 378 In the preceding example: Number of bytes of the file header = 1 + 4 + 0416 = 421 The number of bytes is therefore 421. Data starts from the 422 byte. 3- 252 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 379 It is necessary only when the analyzer reloads the data. MemoryMode. Shows the memory mode that was set when the analyzer acquired the data. It is necessary only when the analyzer reloads the data. 3- 253 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 380 100 MHz. MultiAddr. Shows the last frame address in the multi-frame mode. The range is 0 to MultiFrames - -1. MultiFrames - -1 indicates that the data ends just at the end of scans. 3- 254 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 381 { short reserved1; short validA; short validP; short validI; short validQ; short bins; short reserved2; short triggered; short overLoad; short lastFrame; unsigned long ticks; Descriptions of the frame header items follow. 3- 255 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 382 H 0. Indicates that the frame is not the last in the block. H - -1. Indicates that the frame is the last in the block. unsigned long ticks. Shows a time stamp using UnitPeriod in the file header (not FramePeriod) as a unit time. 3- 256 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 383 = i - - IOffset q = q - - QOffset IQScale = Sqrt(Power(10, (GainOffset + MaxInputLevel + LevelOffset) / 10) / 20 * 2) I = i * IQScale [V] Q = q * IQScale [V] 3- 257 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 384 Definition of Bin. The bin is defined by the following structure: struct apBin_st { short a; short p; Definition of Frame. The frame is defined by the following structure: struct apFrame1024_st { struct apBin_st ap[1024]; 3- 258 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

  • Page 385: Trace File Format

    - - 96.7588947616 - - 98.5946571418 - - 101.68696219 - - 97.8503895777 Data block - - 100.806522438 - - 100.274828469 - - 95.8906131833 - - 97.9340093534 - - 101.366985559 Figure 3- 179: Trace file example 3- 259 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 386 RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) when setting RBW parameters. YMiddleUnit. Represents the unit of the vertical axis scale. Specify dB when YUnit is dBm. For all other values of YUnit, the YUnit value is used. 3- 260 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 387 0. Mask Value. The mask value represents whether to display the data. H 0. Indicates that the data is displayed. H - -1. Indicates that the data is not displayed. 3- 261 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 388 File Format 3- 262 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 389 For file operations, refer to page 3- -239. Background color. Selects the background color for printing. H Black. Prints the background of screen in black. H White. Reverses the background of screen to white. Printer... Selects a destination printer. 3- 263 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 390 4. Press the Printer... side key and select a destination printer. 5. Press the Print now side key to start printing. If the printer driver displays a message during printing, follow the instructions. 3- 264 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 391 .BMP is automatically assigned. When you have finished entering the name, press the Save File Now side key to store the copy in the file. After the screen copy is saved in the file, the screen returns to the original waveform display. 3- 265 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 392 Screen Copy 3- 266 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 393 Appendices...
  • Page 395 This appendix lists the electrical, physical, and environmental characteristics of the analyzer, and specifies the performance requirements for those characteris- tics. The specifications are common to WCA230A and WCA280A, unless otherwise noted. Unless otherwise stated, the following tables of electrical characteristics and features apply to the analyzer after a 20 minute warm-up period (within the environmental limits) and after all calibration procedures have been carried out.
  • Page 396 RF/RF1, Frequency = 2 GHz, Span = 1 MHz Marker: ±1.2 kHz; Carrier frequency measurement: ±210 Hz RF2, Frequency = 5 GHz, Span = 1 MHz (WCA280A only) Marker: ±1.5 kHz; Carrier frequency measurement: ±510 Hz RF3, Frequency = 7 GHz, Span = 1 MHz (WCA280A only) Marker: ±1.7 kHz;...
  • Page 397 - - 108 dBc/Hz 20 kHz - - 108 dBc/Hz 30 kHz - - 115 dBc/Hz 100 kHz - - 135 dBc/Hz 1 MHz - - 138 dBc/Hz 5 MHz - - 138 dBc/Hz 7 MHz A- 3 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 398 Typical <1.4 (300 kHz to 10 MHz, RF attenuation≥10 dB) <1.3 (10 MHz to 3 GHz, RF attenuation≥10 dB) <1.4 (3 GHz to 8 GHz, RF attenuation≥10 dB, WCA280A only) Maximum input level Maximum DC voltage ±0.2 V (RF, RF1 to 3) ±5 V...
  • Page 399 - - 30 to +20 dBm (2 dB step, Baseband) - - 51 to +30 dBm (1 dB step, RF/RF1) - - 50 to +30 dBm (1 dB step, RF2/RF3, WCA280A only) - - 10 to +20 dBm (10 dB step, Option 03 IQ input) Accuracy (- - 10 to - - 50 dBm) ±0.2 dB (at 50 MHz, 10 dB attenuation, 20 to 30 _C)
  • Page 400 (Typical) - - 55 dBm (local frequency 5 to 6 GHz) - - 60 dBm (local frequency 6 to 7 GHz) - - 60 dBm (local frequency 7 to 7.7 GHz, WCA280A only) Table A- 7: Spurious response Characteristics Description...
  • Page 401 10 kHz span 16 ksps 5 kHz span 8 ksps 2 kHz span 3.2 ksps 1 kHz span 1.6 ksps 500 Hz span 800 sps 200 Hz span 320 sps 100 Hz span 160 sps A- 7 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 402 GMSK, GFSK, ASK and FSK Measurement filter Root cosine Reference filter Cosine, Gauss Filter parameter α/BT: 0.0001 to 1, 0.0001 step Maximum symbol rate 12.8 Msps Standard setup PDC, PHS, NADC, TETRA, GSM, CDPD, and Bluetooth A- 8 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 403 Center frequency = 3 GHz 0.7% 100 kHz 0.7% 1 MHz 1.5% 4 MHz 2.9% 10 MHz Center frequency = 5 GHz 0.7% 100 kHz (WCA280A only) 0.7% 1 MHz 1.5% 4 MHz 3.0% 10 MHz A- 9 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 404 ±2% (- - 10 dBfs input at center, 10 to 60% modulation depth) PM demodulation ±3° (- - 10 dBfs input at center) FM demodulation ±1% of span (- - 10 dBfs input at center) A- 10 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 405 10 kHz span 10 Hz 5 kHz span 5 Hz 2 kHz span 2 Hz 1 kHz span 1 Hz 500 Hz span 1 Hz 200 Hz span 1 Hz 100 Hz span 1 Hz A- 11 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 406 Mask resolution 1 bin Trigger level 0 to - - 60 dBfs Real-time event detection bandwidth 5 MHz (1024 point FFT, 50% overlapping) Time domain Trigger level 0 to - - 40 dBfs A- 12 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 407 Number of views 1, 2, 3, or 4 Number of display traces Size 213 mm (8.4 in) Resolution 800 × 600 pixels Color Maximum 256 colors Display detector Positive peak, Negative peak, and Positive-Negative peak A- 13 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 408 Storage medium Hard disk ≥20 GB 2.5 inch IDE Floppy disk 1.44 MB 3.5 inch Interface Printer port GPIB IEEE 488.1 10/100 BASE-T (IEEE 802.3) Mouse Keyboard Monitor out VGA (D-SUB 15 pins) A- 14 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 409 Description Preamp power connector Connector type LEMO 6 poles Pin assignment Pin 1: NC, Pin 2: ID1, Pin 3: ID2, Pin 4: - - 12 V, Pin 5: GND, Pin 6: +12 V A- 15 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 410 (20 G), half-sine, 11 ms duration Three shocks in each direction along each major axis, total of 18 shocks Cooling clearance Bottom 20 mm (0.79 in) Both sides 50 mm (1.97 in) Rear 50 mm (1.97 in) A- 16 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 411 IEC61010-1 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use. Emissions which exceed the levels required by this standard may occur when this equipment is connected to a test object. A- 17 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 412 Operating Temperature Range +5 to +40 _C Overvoltage Category Overvoltage Category II (as defined in IEC61010-1, Annex J) Pollution Degree Pollution Degree 2 (as defined in IEC61010-1). Note: Rated for indoor use only. A- 18 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 413 H MARKERS H VIEW H UTILITY Some of the submenus are used for programming or servicing; information about these submenus is in the WCA230A and WCA280A Programmer Manual or Service Manual (optional). Figure B- 1: Menu keys B- 1 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 414 Frequency Offset Amplitude Table Off / On Edit Table... Interpolation... Select Point To Edit Load Table Frequency Save Table Amplitude Delete Point Add New Point Done Editing Table Clear Table Freq Interpolation Ampl Interpolation B- 2 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 415 Display Detection... Max-Min / Max / Min Load Trace n Load from File menu (Refer to page B- - 14) Save Trace n Save to File menu (Refer to page B- - 14) B- 3 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 416 Acquisition Length Acquisition History Analysis Length Analysis Offset Frequency Center Frequency Width Demod and Time modes Acquisition Length Acquisition History Spectrum Length Spectrum Offset Analysis Length Analysis Offset Output Trigger Indicator Off / On B- 4 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 417 Same as in the S/A mode. Refer to page B- - 3. FFT Window... Pulse Measurements in the Time Mode Nyquist / Blackman-Harris 4B FFT Window... Rolloff Ratio Demod and Time Modes Average Off / On Average Count Average Term Control Expo / Repeat B- 5 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 418 Same as in the S/A mode. Refer to page B- - 3. FFT Window... Pulse Measurements in the Time Mode Nyquist / Blackman-Harris 4B FFT Window... Rolloff Ratio Demod and Time Modes Average Off / On Average Count Average Term Control Expo / Repeat B- 6 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 419 Average / Median AM Demod FM Demod Auto Carrier On / Off Frequency Error (Auto Carrier = On) Frequency Offset (Auto Carrier = Off) Threshold PM Demod Threshold IQ versus Time Pulse Spectrum Measurement Off B- 7 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 420 Manchester / Miller / Miller (M_2, M_4, or M_8) / Modified Miller / FM0 Lower Threshold / PIE (Type A or C) / NRZ / NRZ-L (2, 4, or 8 periods) / PWM / Bit Cell Higher Threshold Interpolation Points On / Off B- 8 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 421 Spurious Threshold Excursion Symmetrical Filter Off / On Carrier Tracking Off / On Scroll Table Real-Time Spurious Only Analyze Carrier Bandwidth C/N Sideband Upper / Lower Frequency versus Time Freq Settling Threshold Smoothing Factor B- 9 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 422 Demod and Time (Transient) Modes only Analysis Time = Marker Time Peak Search Hor. Threshold Center Zoom = Marker Freq Reference Cursor to Trigger Reference Cursor to Trigger Output Time (CCDF) Mode only Peak Search Hor. Threshold B- 10 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 423 Horizontal Stop Horizontal Start Symbol Table Vertical Size Radix... Hex / Oct / Bin Vertical Start Rotate Color Scale Color Stop Eye Diagram Full Scale Measurement Content... I / Q / Trellis Eye Length B- 11 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 424 * The content depends on the measurement item. Modulation Type = OQPSK Q Data Half Symbol Shift + / 0 / - - RFID Measurements Burst No Envelope No Guidelines Off / On Menu Off B- 12 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 425 On / Off Pulse-Pulse Phase Results On / Off Channel Power Results On / Off OBW Results On / Off EBW Results On / Off Freq. Deviation Results On / Off Max / Adaptive B- 13 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 426 All Blocks / Current Block / Current Area Print now Save screen to file... Background color Black / White Printer... * Contact your local Tektronix distributor or sales office for installing user-specific macros. B- 14 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 427 This section shows the symbol mapping for each digital modulation technique. GFSK/BPSK QPSK 8PSK 16QAM Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right 32QAM 64QAM Left Right Right Left Right Figure C- 1: Symbol mapping: GFSK/BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, and 64QAM C- 1 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 428 Appendix C: Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping 256QAM Left Right Figure C- 2: Symbol mapping: 256QAM C- 2 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 429 Appendix C: Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping Table C- 1: π/4 shift DQPSK Rotation angle (degree) +135 - - 45 - - 135 Table C- 2: GMSK Rotation direction Left Right C- 3 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 430 Appendix C: Digital Demodulation Symbol Mapping C- 4 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 431 Contact your local deformed contacts. Dirt in connectors. Tektronix distributor or sales office. Carrying handle Correct operation. Accessories Missing items or parts of items, bent pins, broken or frayed cables, and damaged connectors. D- 1 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 432 Lubrication There is no periodic lubrication required for this instrument. Cleaning the Interior Consult your Tektronix Service Center or representative for cleaning the analyzer interior. D- 2 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 433 H Option D5: Calibration data report, 5 years (requires Option C5) H Option R3: Repair service, 3 years H Option R5: Repair service, 5 years H Power cord options listed in Table E- -1 E- 1 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 434 Option number North America 120 V Universal Euro 230 V United Kingdom 230 V Australia 240 V North America 240 V Switzerland 220 V Japan 100 V China 240 V No power cord supplied. E- 2 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 435 Option 26 1xEV-DO analysis software user manual 071-1371-XX Option 27 3GPP Release 5 downlink analysis software user manual 071-1509-XX Option 28 TD-SCDMA analysis software user manual 071-1663-XX Option 40 3GPP Release 6 (HSUPA) analysis software user manual 071-2062-XX E- 3 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 436 Japanese language programmer manual 071-1256-XX Service manual 071-1257-XX Accessory bag 016-A330-00 Preamplifier (20 dB gain to 3 GHz) 650-A900-XX RTPA2A real-time probe adapter (P7000 series probes recommended) Rack mount kit (for field conversion) E- 4 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 437 Glossary...
  • Page 439 A signal generator producing a specified output used for calibration purposes. Carrier, Carrier Signal The electrical signal, typically a sine wave, upon which modulation is impressed. Carrier Frequency The frequency of the carrier signal. Glossary- 1 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 440 A display in which the scale divisions are a logarithmic function of the input signal voltage. Display Line A horizontal or vertical line on a waveform display, used as a reference for visual (or automatic) comparison with a given level, time, or frequency. Glossary- 2 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 441 The process, or result of a process, in which the frequency of an electrical signal (the carrier) is varied in accordance with some characteristic of a second electrical signal (the modulating signal or modulation). Glossary- 3 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 442 Connect to a file containing settings or other data to be used by the application. Maintain the connection. Live Trace Any combination of the A trace and/or the B trace when SAVE A is off. Glossary- 4 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 443 “grassy” baseline in the display, even when no signal is present. Open (Recall, Restore) Bring data into the application from a file of application-native format. OQPSK Acronym for Offset QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying). Acronym for Probability Distribution Function. Glossary- 5 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 444 The “second” marker displayed only in the Delta Marker mode. Sensitivity Measure of a spectrum analyzer’s ability to display minimum level signals, expressed in volts or decibels. Internal frequency (IF) bandwidth, display mode, and any other influencing factors must be given. Glossary- 6 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 445 The number of dB, volts, etc., represented by one vertical division of a spectrum analyzer display screen. View An area or window of the display screen which contains information all of the same type (such as a Spectrum View or a Power versus Time View). Glossary- 7 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 446 Glossary Glossary- 8 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 447 Index...
  • Page 449 Bin, relation between frame, bin, and pixel, 3- - 190 Default settings, restoring, 2- - 22 Block diagram, 1- - 6 Demod mode, 3- - 27 Brightness Difference between WCA230A and WCA280A, 1- - 2 adjusting, 1- - 26 Index- 1 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 450 2- - 6 Free Run, trigger mode, 3- - 149, 3- - 156 printer driver, 3- - 264 Frequency USB printer connection, 3- - 264 menu, 3- - 120 How to load Index- 2 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 451 Main view, modulation analysis screen, 3- - 29 Help, 3- - 233 Manuals list, xx Input, 3- - 237 Map, interface, 2- - 1 Lines, 3- - 214 Marker Lines (Real Time S/A), 3- - 218 Index- 3 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 452 3- - 210 RFID analysis (Option 21 only), 3- - 61 PEAK, 3- - 223 ACPR measurement, 3- - 68 Peak search, 3- - 221 carrier measurement, 3- - 64 operation, 3- - 230 Index- 4 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 453 3- - 186 Single, trigger, 3- - 149, 3- - 156 menu, 3- - 184 Single view, 3- - 36 saving/loading, 3- - 190 SPAN, 3- - 121 Trigger, 3- - 147 Index- 5 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...
  • Page 454 Tutorial, 2- - 29 Zoom function, 3- - 24 setting a zoomed area, 3- - 25 UNCAL, 1- - 12 Timing menu, 3- - 24 Unpacking, 1- - 9 USB connectors, side panel, 2- - 6 Index- 6 WCA230A & WCA280A User Manual...

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