Perkins 1103D Operation And Maintenance Manual page 39

SEBU8352-02
This is an indication of the mixture of different
hydrocarbons in the fuel. A high ratio of light weight
hydrocarbons can affect the characteristics of
combustion.
Lubricity
This is the capability of the fuel to prevent pump
wear.
Diesel engines have the ability to burn a wide variety
of fuels. These fuels are divided into four general
groups:
• Group 1 (preferred fuels)
• Group 2 (permissible fuels)
• Group 3 (aviation kerosene fuels)
• Other fuels
Group 1 (preferred fuels): Specification
"DERV to EN590"
Note: Only use Arctic fuels when the temperature is
below 0 °C (32 °F). Do not use Arctic fuels when the
ambient temperature is above 0 °C (32 °F). To
ensure that the time period between cranking the
engine and first fire is kept to a minimum, only use
fuel of the correct viscosity and at the correct
temperature.
Gas oil to "BS2869 Class A2"
"ASTM D975 - 91 Class 2D" This can only be used if
the fuel has the correct specification of lubricity.
"JIS K2204 (1992) Grades 1,2,3 and Special Grade
3" This can only be used if the fuel has the correct
specification of lubricity.
Note: If low sulfur or low sulfur aromatic fuels are
used, then fuel additives can be used to increase
lubricity.
Group 2 (permissible fuels): Specification
These fuel specifications are considered acceptable
for issues of warranty. However,these fuels may
reduce the life of the engine, the engine's maximum
power and the engine's fuel efficiency.
"ASTM D975 - 91 Class 1D"
"JP7, Mil T38219"
"NATO F63"
NOTICE
These fuels should have a wear scar value of 650 mi-
crometers maximum
*HFRR to ISO 12156 - 1.
Group 3 (aviation kerosene fuels): Specification
These fuels need additives to achieve lubricity of 650
micrometers wear scar and the reliability of the fuel
pump and fuel injectors will be reduced. The fuel
injection pump is not covered by a warranty, even
when the additives are included.
"JP5 MIL T5624 (Avcat FSII, NATO F44"
"JP8 T83133 (Avtur FSII, NATO F34"
"Jet A"
"Jet A1, NATO F35, XF63"
Low temperature fuels
Special fuels for use in cold weather may be
available for engine operation at temperatures below
0 °C (32 °F). These fuels limit the formation of wax in
the fuel oil at low temperatures. If wax forms in the
fuel oil, this could stop the flow of fuel oil through the
filter.
Note: These fuels that lack lubricity may cause the
following problems:
• Low engine power
• Difficult starting in hot conditions or in cold
conditions
• White smoke
• Deterioration of emissions and misfire at certain
operating conditions
Biofuel: Specification
Biofuel: A 5% mix of RME to EN14214 in
conventional fuel is permitted.
NOTICE
Water emulsion fuels: These fuels are not permitted
Refer to the following fuel specifications for
North America.
The preferred fuels provide maximum engine service
life and performance. The preferred fuels are
distillate fuels. These fuels are commonly called
diesel fuel or gas oil.
The permissible fuels are crude oils or blended fuels.
Use of these fuels can result in higher maintenance
costs and in reduced engine service life.
Diesel fuels that meet the specifications in Table 8
will help to provide maximum engine service life and
performance. In North America, diesel fuel that is
identified as No. 2-D in "ASTM D975" generally
meets the specifications. Table 8 is for diesel fuels
that are distilled from crude oil. Diesel fuels from
other sources could exhibit detrimental properties
that are not defined or controlled by this specification.
39
Maintenance Section
Fluid Recommendations