BIRD 4314B Operating Instructions Manual

Rf directional thruline wattmeter

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INSTRUCTION BOOK
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
RF DIRECTIONAL
THRULINE WATTMETER
MODEL 4314B
Electronic Corporation
Cleveland (Solon) Ohio USA
Ó Copyright 2000 by Bird Electronic Corporation
Instruction Book Part Number 920-4314B Rev. C
Thruline ® is a Registered Trademark of Bird Electronic Corporation

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Summary of Contents for BIRD 4314B

  • Page 1 INSTRUCTION BOOK OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS RF DIRECTIONAL THRULINE WATTMETER MODEL 4314B Electronic Corporation Cleveland (Solon) Ohio USA Ó Copyright 2000 by Bird Electronic Corporation Instruction Book Part Number 920-4314B Rev. C Thruline ® is a Registered Trademark of Bird Electronic Corporation...
  • Page 3: Safety Precautions

    Safety Precautions The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related to any specific part or procedure and do not necessarily appear elsewhere in this publication. Keep Away From Live Circuits Operating personnel must at all times observe normal safety precautions. Do not replace components inside equipment with the high voltage supply turned on.
  • Page 4 Note: Calls attention to supplemental information. 4314B Warning Statements The following warnings appear in the text where there is danger to operating and maintenance personnel, and are repeated here for emphasis.
  • Page 5 If other than Female N type connectors are used, limit power and frequency to the capabilities of the RF coaxial cable or connectors used. Damage to connectors or errors in reading could result. Model 4314B Safety Statements USAGE ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY PROTECTION.
  • Page 6 EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO. BENUTZUNG WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN. UTILISATION TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI N’EST PAS EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE FABRI- CANT PEUT ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PRO- TECTION DE L’INSTRUMENT.
  • Page 7 ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS, SID WARTUNGSARBEITEN AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFÜHREN. ENTRENTIEN L’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN DOIT ÊTRE RÉSERVÉ AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ AUX OPÉRATIONS D’ENTRETIEN. POUR PRÉVENIR UN CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A PAS ÉTÉ QUALIFIÉ...
  • Page 8: About This Manual

    About This Manual This instruction book guides the user through the operation and maintenance of the Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter. This instruction book is arranged so that the essential information about safety is in the front of the book. Reading the Safety Precautions section be- fore operating the equipment is strongly advised.
  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Safety Precautions ..... . i Warning Statements ....ii Caution Statements .
  • Page 10 Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Trouble Shooting ..... 30 Troubleshooting Guide....31 Battery Test .
  • Page 11: Introduction

    CW, AM, FM, SSB, TV, and pulse signals only. Description The Model 4314B Thruline Wattmeter is a portable unit contained in a die cast aluminum housing. The unit is equipped with a plastic strap for carrying, four rubber...
  • Page 12: Power Requirements

    115 or 230 Vac line. Additional The only additional equipment required by the Model Equipment 4314B is a Plug-In Element (see table below). Most of them are designed to read both average and peak power. Some are designed exclusively for peak reading applica- tion.
  • Page 13: Specifications

    (92.1 x 102 x 178 mm) AC Power requirements (using 115 Vac. ± 10%, 60 Hz adapter) 220 Vac, ± 10%, 50Hz Batteries Two 9 V alkaline Battery Life 20 hours of operation, typically 1 Use only adapter supplied by Bird Electronic Corporation...
  • Page 15: Installation

    Chapter 2 Installation Portability The Model 4314B is a portable instrument; the housing is not designed for fixed mounting. A strap is provided for carrying purposes. CAUTION Do not drop the Thruline Wattmeter or its elements or subject them to hard blows. The microammeter is shock mounted in the wattmeter housing, but its delicate mechanism may be damaged by severe impact.
  • Page 16 Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Figure 1 Model 4314B Outline Drawing THRULINE BIRD ELECTRONIC CORP. PN 2080 - 002 F.S. = 30 UA. Female "N" Q.C. Connectors (2) BATTERY PEAK (Normally Supplied) 1-3/4" (44.5mm) 4" (101.6mm) 6-7/8" (174.6mm) 1-5/16"...
  • Page 17 In- stall the new connector by reversing this procedure. Insert the Model 4314B Thruline Wattmeter in coaxial transmission lines of 50 ohms nominal impedance. The signal source and load connections can be made to either side of the wattmeter with no difference in effect.
  • Page 19: Theory Of Operation

    Chapter 3 Theory of Operation Traveling The operation of this wattmeter is based on the travelling Wave wave concept of RF transmission. As RF power is applied Viewpoint to a transmission line, there is a forward wave travelling from the transmitter to the load, and a reflected wave travelling from the load to the transmitter.
  • Page 20: Peak Power Operation

    Peak Power The Model 4314B is designed to measure peak power in Operation addition to average power. When the toggle switch is placed in peak mode, battery power energizes the ampli- fier system.
  • Page 21 Theory of Operation charged. These amplifiers provide a massive current gain ratio, but unity or slightly less voltage gain. This is ap- plied to meter M to indicate the peak power in the line. A portion of the dc output of amplifiers Q2 and Q3 is fed back to resistor R4 and to amplifier Q1.
  • Page 22 Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Figure 2 Schematic Diagram - Element RF Coaxial Line XMTR LOAD LOAD XMTR Directional Coupling Meter Diode Detector Element DC Contact Circuit Board...
  • Page 23 Theory of Operation Figure 3 Model 4314B Schematic Diagram...
  • Page 24: Component Description

    Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Component Description Item Feature Description Meter Indicates in watts the transmission line power flow sensed by a Plug-In Element. Contains three scales which correspond to the full scale ratings of various Plug-In Elements.
  • Page 25 Theory of Operation Figure 4 Component Diagram THRULINE BIRD ELECTRONIC CORP. PN 2080 - 002 F.S. = 30 UA. BATTERY PEAK DANGER RF VOLTAGE KEEP ELEMENT IN LINE SOCKET DURING OPERATION 18V DC 20 mA...
  • Page 27: Operating Instructions

    Chapter 4 Operating Instructions Zero Adjust Before taking any readings with the wattmeter, it is nec- Meter essary to zero the meter under no-power conditions. Rotate Plug-In Element so that the arrow points down. Set wattmeter’s controls to ON and CW modes. Using a small screwdriver, turn the meter’s zero adjust screw clockwise or counterclockwise so that the meter pointer aligns with the zero mark on the meter scale.
  • Page 28: Cw Power Measurements

    A load closely matched to 50 ohms resulting in a VSWR of 1.2 or less, will require less than a one percent correc- tion. A good RF load resistor, such as a Bird Termaline Load Resistor, will produce this sort of negligible or un- readable reflected power.
  • Page 29: Determining Vswr

    Operating Instructions Determining The Model 4314B Thruline Wattmeter is not designed to VSWR provide direct VSWR readings. In most cases, operators find that the ratio of forward to reflected power is of equal use. However, VSWR readings can be determined...
  • Page 30 Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Figure 5 VSWR Conversion Nomograph...
  • Page 31 Operating Instructions Figure 6 VSWR Conversion Nemograph...
  • Page 32: Making Low Reflection Readings

    The standing wave ratio or the reflected-power to forward-power ratio of a line can be determined by termi- nating the line with a good load resistor, such as a Bird Termaline Load Resistor. Proceed as described under de- termining VSWR. Low reflected power may be measured as described above.
  • Page 33: Attenuation By Open Or Short Circuit

    Operating Instructions be terminated by a load resistor. The attenuation of the line can be determined by comparing readings made at the two ends. Allowances must be made for normal in- strument error where very small values of attenuation are involved. Some correction may be made by direct rigid connection of the Thruline Wattmeters.
  • Page 34 Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Figure 7 Graph Converting Carrier Power and Peak Power to Percent...
  • Page 35: Performance Notes

    Quick-Change connectors, see Chapter 5 for the replace- ment parts list. When a Model 4314B is used to match a load to a trans- mitter and a good match is obtained, removing the in- strument will not cause any change in the conditions. A...
  • Page 36 Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Note: When using UHF Plug PL-259, the cable length is measured from tip to tip of center pin of plugs. When using other connectors, the cable length is measured from the ends of the outer conduc-...
  • Page 37 Operating Instructions Figure 8 Cable Wavelength Matching Graph MEGAHERTZ (600) (700) (800) (900) (1000) (10) FREQUENCY (MEGAHERTZ)
  • Page 38: Shutdown

    Shutdown When all measurements are completed, be sure to set the CW/Peak switch to CW mode and the ON/BATTERY switch to the ON position. Leaving the unit in other switch positions will shorten battery life. WARNING Always be sure transmitter power is off before disconnecting the unit from the transmission line.
  • Page 39: Maintenance

    Use reasonable care in handling. Do not drop or subject the wattmeter or elements to hard blows as accuracy may be impaired or other damage could result. Care and maintenance required for the 4314B Thruline Preventative Maintenance Wattmeter is primarily limited to cleaning. Keeping the...
  • Page 40: Inspection

    Inspect wattmeter line section for a damaged or missing latch and pivot pin assembly. Inspect all “QC” connectors for bent, broken, or missing pins. Due to its complexity, field repair of the Model 4314B Trouble- shooting Thruline Wattmeter is recommended only for certain mal- functions.
  • Page 41: Troubleshooting Guide

    Maintenance Troubleshooting Guide Problem Possible Cause Remedy No meter indication No radio frequency Turn on transmitter. (CW or PEAK) Check transmitter op- erational conditions, refer to operating in- struction manual of equipment used. Check connections, in- terconnecting cables, and auxiliary in-line equipment.
  • Page 42 Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Erroneous or inaccu- Low battery Depress ON/BATTERY rate selector switch to the BATTERY position. If the battery test indi- cates weak batteries, replace them with new ones. (page 33) Shorted or opened Check connections,...
  • Page 43: Battery Test

    Maintenance Battery Test The Model 4314B Thruline Wattmeter uses two 9 V alka- line batteries to supply power for the peak circuitry. To test these batteries, set the ON/BATTERY switch to the BATTERY position. The meter pointer should travel to the right of the “BAT.TEST”...
  • Page 44: Meter Replacement

    Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Meter Remove the back cover by first unscrewing the four 8-32 Replace- Phillips flat head screws located two on each side of the ment meter housing near the back edge at the top and bottom of the sides.
  • Page 45 Maintenance Figure 10 Meter Replacement...
  • Page 46: Instrumentation Module Replacemen T

    Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Instrumen- Remove the back as above in meter replacement. The in- tation strumentation module contains the line section and cir- Module cuit board chassis as an integral part. Replace- ment Using a 7/16 wrench, loosen the dress nut on the CW/PEAK switch.
  • Page 47 Maintenance Figure 11 Instrumentation Module Replacement...
  • Page 48: Rf Connector Replacement

    Calibration Zero adjustment of the meter is the only calibration re- quired for the 4314B. This should be done any time the meter pointer is not exactly aligned with the zero mark on the meter scale when no power is being applied. Zero adjustment must also be performed after the meter or in- strumentation module has been replaced.
  • Page 49 Maintenance If the pointer reads a different value for peak reading than for average reading, adjust potentiometer R8 until the two readings coincide. Figure 12 Calibration Potentiometer Calibration Potentiometer Access Hole...
  • Page 50: Customer Service

    Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Customer Service Bird Electronic Corporation maintains a complete repair and calibration department at our corporate headquar- ters. This department is set up to provide our customers with the best possible service of Bird equipment.
  • Page 51: Replacement Parts

    Maintenance Replacement Parts Item Quantity Description Part Number Housing assembly 4314-103 Instrumentation module 4314-202 Meter 2080-044 Battery cable assembly 4314-116 DC jack wire assembly 4314-117 Meter wire assembly 4314-119 9 V battery 5-1375 “QC” connectors (Female N normally supplied)* Housing cover assembly 4314-114 Dress nut 5-1670...
  • Page 52 Bird Model 4314B RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Figure 13 Replacement Parts...
  • Page 53 Limited Warranty All products manufactured by Seller are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year, unless otherwise spec- ified, from date of shipment and to conform to applicable specifications, draw- ings, blueprints and/or samples.
  • Page 54 Product: Thruline Wattmeter Models: 4314B The undersigned hereby declares, on behalf of Bird Electronic Corporation of Cleveland, Ohio, that the above-referenced product, to which this declaration relates, is in conformity with the provisions of the following standards; · EN 55011:1991 - Emissions: (Class B) ·...

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