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Brainlab Novalis 600N Reference Manual

Dose delivery system linear accelerator
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Reference Guide
Revision 1.0
600N / Novalis Dose Delivery System
(Linear Accelerator)
Version 1.0
Copyright 2007, Brainlab AG Germany. All rights reserved.

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  • Page 1 Reference Guide Revision 1.0 600N / Novalis Dose Delivery System (Linear Accelerator) Version 1.0 Copyright 2007, Brainlab AG Germany. All rights reserved.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents 1 General Information ............5 Symbols Used in this Manual .
  • Page 4 4.24 Electrical Fire ............. 29 4.25 Laser Beams .

  • Page 5: General Information

    You should read this guide carefully and acquaint yourself sufficiently with the system before use. Support If you cannot find the information you need in this guide, please contact Brainlab support: Tel: +1-800-597-5911 United States and Canada...

  • Page 6: Symbols Used In This Manual

    Attention: Consult accompanying documents Electrical and electronic equipment should only be disposed of in accordance with statutory regulations. For information regarding the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) directive, visit: www.brainlab.com/weee 1.1.2 Safety Information Warning Symbol Warnings are indicated by a triangular warning symbol. They always contain safety-critical information regarding possible injury, death or other serious consequences associated with misuse of the device.

  • Page 7: Introduction

    Introduction Introduction Overview This reference guide describes the various major machine parts and the components for the Novalis Dose Delivery System Operators Novalis Dose Delivery System can be very dangerous. Only trained personnel under the supervision of a licensed physician should be authorized by the hospital or owner to operate it.

  • Page 8: Typical Room Components

    Typical Room Components Typical Room Components Figure 1 shows the major components of the Novalis Dose Delivery System Figure 1: Typical Room Components Reference Guide Rev. 1.0, Novalis Dose Delivery System Ver. 1.0...

  • Page 9: Major System Components

    Major System Components Major System Components This chapter describes the operating controls and indicators on the Overview Novalis Dose Delivery System In this Chapter Topic Page Operator console page 9 Console electronics cabinet page 10 Modulator cabinet page 12 Drive stand page 13 Gantry page 14...

  • Page 10: Console Electronics Cabinet

    Console Electronics Cabinet Printer The printer allows you to print copies of the morning checkout log and other service-related information. Status Image File Quantity : 0 Batch Good Disks : 0 RamDisk Bad Disks : 0 RamDisk A: 51/4 1.2Mb Elapsed Time : 0:00 B: 31/2 1.4Mb Checksum :...
  • Page 11 Major System Components These units provide primary control of the in each of the Novalis Dose Delivery System three operating modes: morning checkout, clinical and service. Figure 3: Console Electronics Cabinet Reference Guide Rev. 1.0, Novalis Dose Delivery System Ver. 1.0...

  • Page 12: Modulator System

    Modulator System Modulator System Overview The modulator cabinet (Figure 4) contains the following: • A high-voltage power supply system • Primary power controls • Initial startup controls • The modulator system • Other important circuits The modulator system supplies high-energy power pulses to the microwave power tube. Modulator System Modulator components include the following: •...

  • Page 13: Drive Stand

    Major System Components Drive Stand The drive stand (Figure 5) supports the gantry by means of a precision bearing to furnish Overview accurate isocentric gantry rotation. It contains the drive system for gantry rotation. Microwave Power A high-power microwave power tube in the drive stand delivers microwave energy to the Tube linear accelerator structure in the gantry through a waveguide distribution system.

  • Page 14: Gantry

    Gantry Gantry Overview The upper part of the gantry (Figure 6) contains the following: • The linear accelerator structure and gun • Dosimetry and beam steering systems • Associated components Accelerator The accelerator consists of a electron gun that injects a stream of electrons into a standing- wave accelerator.

  • Page 15: Treatment Couch

    Major System Components Gantry Rotation The gantry rotates clockwise or counterclockwise about a horizontal axis to position the beam. For arc therapy, the gantry rotates within limits set by the operator. The angle of the gantry is displayed continuously on the following: •...
  • Page 16 Treatment Couch Figure 8: Treatment Couch Reference Guide Rev. 1.0, Novalis Dose Delivery System Ver. 1.0...

  • Page 17: Emergencies And Safety

    • Take all precautions necessary to protect themselves, patients, and other persons from injury, and to protect equipment from damage. Brainlab Brainlab cannot be responsible for personal injury or equipment damage resulting from Responsibilities misuse of the Novalis Dose Delivery System...

  • Page 18: Safety Precautions

    Safety Precautions Safety Precautions Topic Page About the safety precautions page 22 X-ray and electron beam radiation page 22 Radio-frequency radiation page 23 Electromagnetic interference page 24 Sulphur hexafluoride escape page 24 Sulphur hexafluoride decomposition page 25 Implosion page 25 Electrical shock page 25 Collision with gantry...

  • Page 19: Treatment Beam Fails To Terminate

    Emergencies and Safety Treatment Beam Fails to Terminate If the accumulated radiation dose displayed on the console monitor exceeds the dose preset Overview for the treatment, the Novalis Dose Delivery System does not terminate a treatment properly. Emergency Procedure Step Action Immediately press the BEAM OFF button and turn the DISABLE/ENABLE keyswitch to the DISABLE position.

  • Page 20: Fire, Smoke Or Gas Fumes

    Fire, Smoke or Gas Fumes Fire, Smoke or Gas Fumes Overview If you or other hospital personnel detect fire, smoke, or unrecognized fumes, use the following emergency procedure. Emergency Procedure Step Action Press the nearest EMERGENCY OFF button. If you need to lower the treatment couch to remove a patient, use the emergency pendant (page 21).

  • Page 21: Emergency Pendant Procedure

    Emergencies and Safety Emergency Pendant Procedure Use the emergency pendant to lower the couch and to change its longitudinal position for Overview safe removal of a patient when the couch motion controls do not function. The emergency pendant is battery-powered and remains functional after you press an EMERGENCY OFF button or turn off the main facility circuit breaker to cut off power in response to an emergency situation.

  • Page 22: About The Safety Precautions

    About the Safety Precautions Positioning the Couch Top Step Action If the couch top is in the longitudinal position you want, skip this step. Otherwise: Turn the NORM/OUT/DOWN switch on the emergency pendant to the OUT posi- tion. Press and hold the enable button on the top of the emergency pendant. Continue to hold the enable button while you manually move the couch top to the desired position.

  • Page 23: Radio-Frequency Radiation

    Emergencies and Safety Personnel Allow only qualified personnel to operate or maintain the machine. Precautions Train personnel operating the Novalis Dose Delivery System to monitor the accumulated radiation dose readout during beam-on Train operating personnel to terminate the beam according to a local emergency procedure if the beam fails to terminate on the preset dose.

  • Page 24: Electromagnetic Interference

    Electromagnetic Interference Safety Precautions Avoid unnecessary exposure to any rf energy. If you suspect leakage of rf energy, do not operate the machine until service personnel have verified proper operation. Do not expose any part of your body to an energized rf transport system that is open or loosely bolted together or to the window of an energized microwave power tube.

  • Page 25: Sulfur Hexafluoride Decomposition

    Emergencies and Safety 4.15 Sulfur Hexafluoride Decomposition Overview High-voltage breakdown (arcing) in the rf transport system can cause sulfur hexafluoride to break down into toxic fluorine and sulfur compounds. Possible Harm The gases and liquids formed by sulfur hexafluoride decomposition can be highly toxic. Breathing the fumes or touching any liquid that forms can cause serious injuries.

  • Page 26: Collision With Gantry

    Collision with Gantry General Safety Keep equipment covers, doors, and panels closed during operation. Precautions Do not bypass interlock switches on the doors and panels of the Novalis Dose Delivery System . These switches are designed to minimize the risk of electrical shock upon accidental contact with high-voltage areas inside the machine.

  • Page 27: Falling Parts Or Accessories

    Emergencies and Safety 4.19 Falling Parts or Accessories Overview Nuts, bolts, and other fasteners can vibrate loose during normal operation and fall from the machine. Similarly accessories can fall from the treatment head, usually as a consequence of improper installation. Possible Harm A part or accessory falling on a patient, operator, or other person can cause serious injury.

  • Page 28: Moving Parts On The Treatment Couch

    Moving Parts on the Treatment Couch Treatment Couch Lock the couch top in position before you place the patient on the top. Precautions Position the patient carefully on the treatment couch to avoid a patient fall. Distribute the patient’s body uniformly over the couch top and secure it with the restraining straps provided.

  • Page 29: Electrical Fire

    Novalis Dose Delivery System . This software remains the property of Brainlab and is licensed to the user strictly for the purpose intended. Possible Harm Modifying any of the software provided with the...

  • Page 30: Operations Planning

    EMERGENCY OFF Buttons These buttons should complement the EMERGENCY OFF buttons supplied by Brainlab on the dedicated keyboard, on both sides of the treatment couch, on both sides of the drive stand. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report Number 51 provides additional information about the location of EMERGENCY OFF buttons.

  • Page 31: Calibration

    Emergencies and Safety 4.29 Calibration Before routine use of the , the hospital (or owner) must: Overview Novalis Dose Delivery System • Have a qualified radiological physicist calibrate the dose rate and integrated dose measured by the transmission ionization chamber. •...

  • Page 32: Quality Assurance

    Quality Assurance Testing Test the emergency-off circuits at least once every three months to ensure proper Emergency-off functioning. Circuits Posting Signs Post signs on doors to the treatment room and in the console area to inform: • All persons that a radiation hazard exists in the area •...

  • Page 33: Hospital Emergency Plan

    Emergencies and Safety If the Beam does The operator must be aware of the progress of the treatment at all times. If the beam does not terminate not terminate correctly, the operator should take immediate action and not wait for a backup correctly system to activate.

  • Page 34: Microwave Tube Operating Hazards

    Serious hazards exist in the operation of microwave tubes. Proper use and safe operating practices with respect to microwave tubes require careful attention to the hazards associated with such tubes. Brainlab provides information on microwave tube hazards to assist users in maintaining safe and efficient operations.
  • Page 35 Emergencies and Safety High Voltage Microwave tubes in the Novalis Dose Delivery System operate at voltages high enough to Hazard kill through electrical shock. Always break the primary circuits of the power supply and discharge high-voltage circuits when direct access to the tube is required. Observe safe clearances.
  • Page 36 Microwave Tube Operating Hazards Corrosive and When a leak in the dielectric system is detected or the waveguide is disassembled for poisonous service, ventilate the area, avoid breathing any fumes or touching any liquids that develop. Compounds Take precautions appropriate for highly toxic and corrosive substances before permitting Hazard personnel to perform any work on or near the tube.

  • Page 37: Controls And Indicators

    Controls and Indicators Controls and Indicators Do not use the descriptive material in this chapter to operate the Novalis Dose Delivery System . For operating procedures, refer to the Clinical User Guide and the Technical User Guide for the Novalis Dose Delivery System .
  • Page 38 Console Dedicated Keyboard MOTION ENABLE Press the MOTION ENABLE bar and a motion control key at the same time to cause the selected motion to occur. To stop the motion, release the MOTION ENABLE bar and/or the motion control key. Figure 9: Console Dedicated Keyboard Left Arrow Right Arrow...
  • Page 39 Controls and Indicators Function Keys Use the F1 through F6 keys to perform certain functions during operation of the Novalis Dose Delivery System . The definition of each function keys (what it does) varies depending on the operating mode (for example, morning checkout mode or physics mode). The bottom line of the console screen shows the current function, if any, assigned to each function key (for example, F1 EXIT or F1 END).

  • Page 40: Console Video Monitor And Printer

    Console Video Monitor and Printer Console Video Monitor and Printer Overview The console monitor is a high-resolution, color video monitor. For complete operating instructions, refer to the manual supplied by the monitor manufacturer. Console Printer Operators use the console printer to print the daily morning checkout log and maintenance personnel use it to print service-related reports.

  • Page 41: Console Electronics Cabinet

    Controls and Indicators Area Description DOSE RATE Upper During beam-on, displays and continuously updates the actual dose rate. readout Lower Displays the dose rate (fixed treatments) or dose rate ceiling (dynamic treatments) set by you for treatment. readout SYMMETRY During beam-on, displays and continuously updates the percentage by which the actual transverse (TRN) and radial (RDL) beam symmetry deviates from the symmetry set up for the Novalis Dose Delivery System.
  • Page 42 Console Electronics Cabinet Electronics Chassis The console electronics chassis contains the following electronics required to control the Novalis Dose Delivery System through the console dedicated keyboard: • Controller microprocessor • Communications microprocessor • Interface boards 18/20X 4-6X 6 MEV 9 MEV 12 MEV 15/16MEV 18/20MEV...

  • Page 43: Modulator System

    Controls and Indicators Modulator System The modulator system provides primary and auxiliary power distribution (Figure 11). Overview Accessing the To access these panels, open the right door of the stand. Controls and indicators in other Control Panels parts of the cabinet are for service personnel only. Auxiliary Power This panel protects the system circuits through the CONTROL POWER breaker.
  • Page 44 Modulator System 0000 Layer 1 0000 Figure 12: Power Distribution Panel Primary Power Power to the Novalis Dose Delivery System (except for the separate circuit for the console Distribution Panel computer, monitor, and printer) enters the system through the primary power distribution compartment.

  • Page 45: Gantry

    Controls and Indicators Gantry The gantry has no operating controls. You control movement of the gantry and collimator Overview assembly remotely. For Information about Motion This device ... Controls ... See page ... Controls Collimator movement Dedicated keyboard page 37 Gantry movement Collimator movement Hand pendant...
  • Page 46 Gantry Gantry and The gantry and collimator position display in the throat of the gantry (Figure 14) contains Collimator Position the following readouts: Displays • If a collimator is beyond centerline, the readout is negative. • If the upper (Y) collimators or lower (X) collimators are in symmetric mode, the corresponding readouts are blank.

  • Page 47: Drive Stand

    Controls and Indicators Figure 15: Example of Extended Gantry Rotation Values Drive Stand Overview Controls and indicators in the drive stand include the following: • Gauges for the gas and water systems • EMERGENCY OFF buttons • An emergency pendant Accessing Drive To access drive stand controls and indicators, open one of the drive stand doors.
  • Page 48 Drive Stand Figure 16: Left Side of Stand About the The emergency pendant enable switch is inside of the stand. Emergency The emergency pendant (Figure 17) has controls that unlock longitudinal motion of the Pendant couch top and lower the treatment couch in case of a power failure. The emergency pendant is battery powered and remains functional after you press an EMERGENCY OFF button or turn off the main facility circuit breaker to cut off power in response to an emergency situation.
  • Page 49 Controls and Indicators NORM/DOWN/OUT The NORM/OUT/DOWN rotary switch on the emergency pendant has three positions. Switch Position Description When in this position Used during normal operation, when the The NORM indicator light is lit and Novalis Dose Delivery System is NORM the other indicator lights are not lit.

  • Page 50: Hand Pendant

    Hand Pendant Hand Pendant Overview Controls and indicators on the pendants are grouped on the paddle and handle (Figure 18). The keys on the paddle control lights, lasers, and various programming functions (page 51). The keys on the handle control gantry, collimator, and couch motions (page 52). Motions are engaged with spring-loaded, center-off controls that provide variable speed action (that is, the farther the controls are moved from center, the faster the machine parts move).

  • Page 51: Pendant Paddle

    Controls and Indicators Pendant Paddle In a typical installation the five lights and lasers (Room, Laser, Bkptr, Field, and SSD keys) at times function together and/or are independent. Pendant Paddle Table 3 describes each of the controls and indicators on the hand pendant paddle. Controls and Indicators Control/Indicator...

  • Page 52: Pendant Handle

    Pendant Handle Pendant Handle Motion Enable Bars The motion enable bars are spring-loaded switches that run along the sides of the pendant handle. You must hold in both enable bars to initiate and maintain a motorized function. Both enable bars must be pressed within two seconds of moving a thumbwheel or a pendant error occurs.
  • Page 53 After you press Clear to restart the power-up diagnostics and no errors are detected, "Brainlab" displays for 5-10 seconds. Then the display blanks and the pendant is ready for normal operation. Refer to the following table which shows the tests and what happens if it failed.
  • Page 54 "E: - - - - - - " or "E: - - - - R -". Pressing both enable bars should display "E: - - L - R -". Exit pendant self tests without initiating "Brainlab" appears in the display for 5- Enter + Laser power up diagnostic 10 seconds. tests...

  • Page 55: Treatment Couch Control Panels

    Controls and Indicators 5.10 Treatment Couch Control Panels Controls and indicators on the treatment couch are on the hand pendants connected to the Overview end of the couch and on the control panels on both sides of the couch. The treatment couch control panels control couch motorized and certain manual motions, lights, lasers and diagnostic tests.
  • Page 56 Treatment Couch Control Panels Figure 19: Side Panels on Treatment Couch Lights and Lasers You use the light control keys to turn on and off room lights, field light, and wall lasers. In a typical installation, the following five lights and lasers at times function together and at other times, function independently.
  • Page 57 Controls and Indicators Figure 20: Treatment Couch Side Panel Each side panel has the following built-in functions for testing itself: Diagnostic Tests • Power up tests (Table 7) • Run time tests (Table 8) • Self test (Table 9) The system automatically performs a series of power-up diagnostic tests each time power is Power up Diagnostic Tests applied to the couch, such as after beaming off.
  • Page 58 Treatment Couch Control Panels If you press PANEL TEST to start the power-up diagnostics, and no error is detected, the PANEL OFF indicator lights. Diagnostic controls and indictors are include on the panel to start a diagnostic test and to show error conditions.
  • Page 59 Controls and Indicators Run Time While you use the side panel, the system performs the run-time test in the background. Refer Diagnostic Tests to the following table which shows the tests and what happens if the tests fail. Test Cause of Failure If Tests Fails All motion commands to the Novalis Dose Delivery System stop.
  • Page 60 Treatment Couch Control Panels Initializing because Following a TW, KEY or MEB error during side-panel diagnostic test, press and hold the of an Error reading following keys: • BKPTR • ROOM • LASER Release the keys. Within a moment, the PANEL OFF indicator Flashes. Proceed to Table 9 and run the panel self-test.

  • Page 61: System Logs

    System Logs System Logs Overview This chapter describes the morning checkout and event logs that provide a record of machine performance. In this Chapter Topic Page About viewing logs page 61 Morning checkout log page 63 About viewing event logs page 68 Event log - machine parameters page page 68...
  • Page 62 About Viewing Logs MORNING CHECKOUT LOGS Total Entries Available: 23 +--------------------------+ ¦ Fri May 19 10:46:52 1995 ¦ ¦ Tue Apr 25 17:48:04 1995 ¦ ¦ Tue Apr 25 17:45:26 1995 ¦ ¦ Mon Mar 06 14:45:26 1995 ¦ ¦ Sun Feb 19 15:52:36 1995 ¦ ¦...

  • Page 63: Morning Checkout Log

    System Logs Moving around the Use the up and down arrow keys to move the highlight one line at a time. The highlight List of Logs moves in the direction of the arrow key you press. When the highlight reaches the top or bottom of the displayed portion of the list, the list scrolls one line at a time each time you press the arrow.
  • Page 64 Morning Checkout Log Press the right arrow twice to shift the columns of data horizontally when necessary to display the information for the eighth checkout on a page. Press the left arrow twice to return to the original alignment. To exit from an event log and return to the list of logs, press Esc from any page. The log you just exited is highlighted at the top of the list.

  • Page 65: Dynamic Treatment Logs

    System Logs MORNING CHECKOUT VIEWER (page 2) • Use arrow keys to view • ESC to return • PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN for other pages NOVALIS - SN 1 MORNING CHECKOUT LOG 5/19/95 10:46 DYNAMIC TREATMENT SUMMARY DATA TREATMENT SCREEN INDEX: 1 TREATMENT PARAMETER SETTINGS: TYPE ENERGYMUORIG MUTIMEDOSERATESTARTANGLESTOPANGLE 100-...
  • Page 66 Dynamic Treatment Logs Dynamic Beam The dynamic beam statistics part of the log lists total dose delivered, standard, and position Statistics deviation as well as the number of samples. Additionally, it list the STT (Segmented treatment table) used in the treatment or gantry start and stop angles, depending on the treatment type.
  • Page 67 System Logs DYNALOG VIEWER • Use arrow keys to view • ESC to return • PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN for other pages NOVALIS - SN 1 Dynamic Beam Delivery Log File 12/06/1994 09:51:12 INSTANCE# DOSE (MU)COLL Y1 (cm)COLL Y2 (cm) 0.00 7.00 2.00 106.697.00...

  • Page 68: About Viewing Event Logs

    About Viewing Event Logs About Viewing Event Logs Overview Event logs are records of the status of the Novalis Dose Delivery System when an event (usually an interlock) occurs. The recorded data can help service personnel determine the cause of the problem. Time Differential There is a time differential between when the event occurs and when the console computer captures the status for the event log.
  • Page 69 System Logs NOVALIS - SN 1 V5.0.07 CLINICAL (page 1) Minor Beam-On Interlock 05/22/1995 11:00:48 Event StatusSettings PRO-SPRO MU113 Beam OFFMode ARC T Gantry 160.9187.2 13 Cal/Chk OFFEnergy XRAYLOColl Rt-52.6 Time 0.03NoModTmr OFFMU1 100Coll Y1 13.5 -8.8 0PwrKey OFFMU2 110Coll Y2 13.4-24.8 0Ctrl St STBYTime 0.40Coll Y 26.9-33.5 RSym 0.0Acc MismtchDose Rate400Coll X1-3.7...

  • Page 70: Event Log - Interlock Status Page

    Event Log - Interlock Status Page Event Log - Interlock Status Page Overview The interlock status page (Figure 28) shows the status of the interlocks at the time of the event. Refer to the Interlock appendix that is at the back of this user guide for an alphabetic list and definition of all interlocks.

  • Page 71: Event Log - Meters Page

    System Logs Event Log - Meters Page The meters page (Figure 29) shows the status of the analog machine and PRO meters at the Overview time of the event. Machine Meters The first two columns on the page show scaled meter values for low voltage power supply voltage and for beam symmetry.

  • Page 72: Event Log - Digital Input/Output Page

    Event Log - Digital Input/Output Page Event Log - Digital Input/Output Page Overview The digital input/output page (Figure 30) shows digital input and output (I/O) ports and indicates the bits that were active at the time of the event by highlighting them in black. An asterisk appears after the active bits so you can identify them on a printout.

  • Page 73: Event Log - Accessory Data Page

    System Logs Event Log - Accessory Data Page The accessory info page shows the bit status associated with the four accessory slots and the Overview accessory controller status. This page also shows certain errors associated with the slots and accessory controller. Page Organization The page is organized into two main areas: Accessory Data...
  • Page 74 Event Log - Accessory Data Page NOVALIS - SN 1 V5.0.07 CLINICAL (page 5) Minor Beam-On Interlock 05/22/1995 11:00:48 ACCESSORY INFO Accessory Data ----- IM ---------- AM ---------- EA ---------- CM --------- CTRL ---- 7 Code EA Aval Code7 Code7 CodeEA Aval 6 33H CM Aval FFFHFFDAinsFFFH6 0H CM Aval 5 51...

  • Page 75: Event Log - Error Summary Page

    System Logs 6.10 Event Log - Error Summary Page The error summary page (Figure 32) gives more information about the status of the CTRL, Overview HWFA, or MOTN interlocks that cause an event. NOVALIS - SN 1 V5.0.07 CLINICAL (page 6) Minor Beam-On Interlock 05/22/1995 11:00:48 Error Summary Screen There were no errors in the creation of this event log.

  • Page 76: Interlocks

    Interlocks 6.12 Interlocks The following is a list of interlocks that the Novalis Dose Delivery System uses to alert you to system conditions and errors. (1) Collimator accessory selected at the console does not match the mounted collimator accessory or (2) a mounted accessory is improperly positioned. (Minor) CDOS External customer-defined dosimetry interlock has tripped (not asserted during the check cycle).
  • Page 77 System Logs FLOW (1) Flow of cooling water is below limits, (2) pulse transformer oil level is below limits, or (3) low current from the bias supply. (Major) Waveguide dielectric gas pressure is less than 30 psig. (Minor) HVCB (1) High-voltage circuit breaker (HVPS) is open, (2) modulator crowbar is in the de- energized position, (3) modulator doors are open, or (4) screen switches are open.
  • Page 78 Interlocks TDLY A time delay up to 12 minutes for component warm-up is active. The delay starts when the POWER key is turned from STANDBY to the ON position. The length of the delay varies with how long the machine is off. (Minor) TIME Displayed beam-on time is greater than or equal to the value set for TIME.

  • Page 79: Glossary

    Glossary Glossary Accelerator See linear accelerator. Backup A duplicate or secondary copy of the information on the console hard disk to keep in case the main system fails. Varian Scale A position readout (PRO) scale that displays 180 degrees when the gantry is at the 12 o’clock position (0 degrees at the 6 o’clock position).
  • Page 80 Field Size The size of an area irradiated by a given beam, usually measured by one of the following conventions: geometric field size, which measures the geometric projection on a plane perpendicular to the central axis, or physical field size, which measures the area included within the 50 percent maximum dose isodose curve at the depth of maximum dose.
  • Page 81 Glossary Minor Interlock Identifies a machine malfunction that prevents beam-on. Minor interlocks are self-clearing before beam-on when the condition has been corrected. Monitor Unit (MU) A unit of radiation exposure. A table for the conversion of monitor units into units of absorbed dose (gray or rad) can be generated by a dose calibration of the machine by a qualified physicist.
  • Page 82 Target Axis (TAD) The distance measured along the central axis from the center of the front surface of Distance the target to the isocenter. Target Skin (TSD) The distance measured along the central axis from the center of the front surface of Distance the target to the surface of the irradiated object.

  • Page 83: Index

    Index Index ......... control panels, couch controls ........accelerator, description ........... drive stand accessories ........... electronic chassis ........... safety precautions ..........hand pendants ..........accessory data ..........treatment couch ......accidental radiation overexposure couch diagnostics ........ANSI recommendations ............controls ........
  • Page 84 Index ..........DS12 interlock ..........DSFA interlock ..........fire extinguishers dynamic beam summary ............fumes ........... description ..........function keys ............format ..........moving around ........dynamic treatment logs ......dynamic wedge orientation labels ............gantry ............collision ........... description ..........
  • Page 85 Index ........... number of pages ..........types of pages ................implosion, safety precautions moving around indicators ........... drive stand ........... electronics chassis ..........hand pendants machine ...................... treatment couch meters ................integrated dose, calibrating parameters page ....................
  • Page 86 (rf) energy ....................power recording observations ......................side rail Reset buttons ..........signs, posting responsibilities ....................software integrity Brainlab starting hospital ..................motion accidental radiation overdose ..........stopping emergency plan ....................motion operations planning ..........
  • Page 87 Index ..........temperature gauge terminating ............beam testing ........emergency-off circuits ..........thyratron tube ..........thyratron tubes ..........TIME interlock ............training treatment ............ couch ..........control panels ..........couch panels ..........description ..........hand pendant ............rails ........... safety precautions ......
  • Page 88 Index Reference Guide Rev. 1.0, Novalis Dose Delivery System Ver. 1.0...
  • Page 90 Art-No: 60911-37EN www.brainlab.com...

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