Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Measurement Manual
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Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Measurement Manual

Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Measurement Manual

Edge (with gsm) transmitter tester
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EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Guide
Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series
Transmitter Tester
Manufacturing Part Number: E4406-90151
Printed in USA
July 2000
© Copyright 1999 - 2000 Agilent Technologies, Inc.

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  • Page 1 EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Guide Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Manufacturing Part Number: E4406-90151 Printed in USA July 2000 © Copyright 1999 - 2000 Agilent Technologies, Inc.
  • Page 2 The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    What are Timeslots? ............11 What Does the Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Do? ..12 Other Sources of Measurement Information .
  • Page 4 Contents Measurement Method ............59 Making the Measurement .
  • Page 5 Contents Measurement Method ............99 Making the Measurement .
  • Page 6 Contents...

  • Page 7: Understanding Edge (With Gsm)

    Understanding EDGE (with GSM)

  • Page 8: What Is Edge (With Gsm)

    Understanding EDGE (with GSM) What Is EDGE (with GSM)? What Is EDGE (with GSM)? The Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) digital communications standard defines a voice and data over-air interface between a mobile radio and the system infrastructure. This standard was designed as the basis for a radio communications system.
  • Page 9 Understanding EDGE (with GSM) What Is EDGE (with GSM)? Table 1-1 EDGE (with GSM) Band Data P-GSM E-GSM R-GSM DCS 1800 PCS 1900 GSM 450 GSM 480 GSM 850 (GSM 900) (GSM 900) (GSM 900) (GSM 1800) (GSM 1900) Uplink 890 to 915 880 to 915 876 to 915...

  • Page 10: Mobile Stations And Base Transceiver Stations

    Understanding EDGE (with GSM) What Is EDGE (with GSM)? The GSM framing structure is based on a hierarchical system consisting of timeslots, TDMA frames, multiframes, superframes, and hyperframes. One timeslot is 156.25 (157) bit periods including tail, training sequence, encryption, guard time, and data bits. Eight of these timeslots make up one TDMA frame.

  • Page 11: What Is An Arfcn

    Understanding EDGE (with GSM) What Is EDGE (with GSM)? What Is an ARFCN? An ARFCN is the Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number used in the EDGE (with GSM) system. Each RF channel is shared by up to eight mobile stations using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). The ARFCN is an integer (in a range dependent on the chosen standard, refer to Table 1-1) which designates the carrier frequency.

  • Page 12: What Does The Agilent Technologies E4406A Vsa Series Transmitter Tester Do

    Understanding EDGE (with GSM) What Does the Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Do? What Does the Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Do? The E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester makes measurements that conform to the GSM 5.04, 5.05, 11.10, 11.21, and ANSI J-STD-007 specifications.

  • Page 13: Other Sources Of Measurement Information

    Other Sources of Measurement Information Other Sources of Measurement Information Additional measurement application information is available through your local Agilent Technologies sales and service office. The following application notes treat digital communications measurements in much greater detail than discussed in this measurement guide.
  • Page 14 Understanding EDGE (with GSM) Other Sources of Measurement Information Chapter 1...

  • Page 15: Setting Up The Edge (With Gsm) Mode

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode...

  • Page 16: Accessing The Mode

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Accessing the Mode Accessing the Mode At initial power up, the transmitter tester will come up in the Basic mode, with the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) measurement selected and the Measure menu displayed. To access the EDGE (with GSM) measurement personality, press the key and select the EDGE w/GSM key.

  • Page 17: How To Make A Measurement

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode How to Make a Measurement How to Make a Measurement Follow the three-step process shown in the table below: Step Primary Key Setup Keys Related Keys 1. Select & Mode Mode Setup Input System setup a mode Frequency Channel...

  • Page 18: Changing The Mode Setup

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Changing the Mode Setup Changing the Mode Setup Numerous settings can be changed at the mode level by pressing the key. This will access a menu with the selections listed below. Mode Setup These settings affect all the measurements in the GSM mode.

  • Page 19: Input

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Changing the Mode Setup Input key accesses a menu to select the following. (You can also Input access this menu from the front-panel key Input • - Choose between , and Input Port I Only 50 MHz Ref IF Align...
  • Page 20 Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Changing the Mode Setup • - This key has effect only when is set to IF Align Signal Input Port . When is activated, the RF path is switched to bring in Align IF Align the same alignment signal that is automatically switched in to perform many alignments.

  • Page 21: Trigger

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Changing the Mode Setup Trigger key accesses the mode setup menu for the following trigger Trigger source menus: • Free Run (Immediate) • RF Burst • Video (IF Envlp) • Ext Front • Ext Rear •...
  • Page 22 Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Changing the Mode Setup • - In measurements that detect the GSM “T0”, RF Sync Delay adjusts the “T0” point. This adjustment does not apply RF Sync Delay if the key is set to , or if it is set to in the Burst Sync...

  • Page 23: Demod

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Changing the Mode Setup Trigger Default Settings RF Burst Delay 0.000 s −20.00 dB Peak Level Slope Video Delay 0.000 s −6.00 dBm Level Slope Ext Front Delay 0.000 s Level 2.00 V Slope Ext Rear Delay...

  • Page 24: Changing The Frequency Channel

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Changing the Frequency Channel Changing the Frequency Channel After selecting the desired mode setup, you will need to select the desired ARFCN, center frequency, BMT frequency, burst type, and TSC (Training Sequence Code). The selections made here will apply to all measurements in the mode.
  • Page 25 Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Changing the Frequency Channel Allows you to select the timeslot to be measured. Timeslot Timeslot numbers in the range of 0 to 7 can be selected. Selection of the Timeslot is based on the position on the screen−that is Timeslot 0 is defined to be at the start of the data, and the data is divided into 8 timeslots (0 to 7).

  • Page 26: Edge (With Gsm) Measurement Key Flow

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow The key flow diagrams, shown in a hierarchical manner on the following pages, will help the user to grasp the overall functional relationships for the front-panel keys and the softkeys displayed at the extreme right side of the screen.
  • Page 27 Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow • When entering a numeric value of , for example, use the Slot (Std) numeric keypad and terminate with the front-panel key. Enter • Instead of using the numeric keypad to enter a value, it may be easier to use the RPG knob or keys.

  • Page 28: Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-1 Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow Mode GSM or EDGE w/GSM Mode Setup Radio Band P-GSM, E-GSM, R-GSM, DCS 1800, PCS 1900, GSM 450, GSM 480, GSM 850 Device BTS | MS BTS Type Normal, Micro, Pico Freq Hopping...

  • Page 29: Transmit Power Measurement Key Flow

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-2 Transmit Power Measurement Key Flow Measure Transmit Pwr Meas Setup Averages 50 On | Off Avg Mode Exp | Repeat Avg Type Pwr Avg (RMS) Log-Pwr Avg (Video) Maximum Minimum...

  • Page 30: Power Vs. Time Measurement Key Flow

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-3 Power vs. Time Measurement Key Flow Measure Pwr vs Time Meas Setup Avg Bursts 10On | Off Avg Mode Exp | Repeat Avg Type Pwr Avg (RMS) Log-Pwr Avg (Video) Maximum Minimum...

  • Page 31: Phase And Frequency Error Measurement Key Flow

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-4 Phase and Frequency Error Measurement Key Flow Measure Phase & Freq Meas Setup Avg Bursts 10 On | Off Avg Mode Exp | Repeat Avg Type Mean Maximum Trig Source...

  • Page 32: Output Rf Spectrum Measurement Key Flow

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-5 Output RF Spectrum Measurement Key Flow Measure Output RF Spectrum Meas Setup Avg Bursts 20 On | Off Avg Mode Exp | Repeat Meas Method Multi-Offset Single Offset (Examine) Meas Type...

  • Page 33: Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 Of 3)

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-6 Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 3) Measure Spectrum (Freq Domain) Meas Setup Span 1.00000 MHz Res BW 20.0000 kHz Auto| Man Average Avg Number 25 On | Off Avg Mode Exp | Repeat Avg Type...
  • Page 34 Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-7 Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (2 of 3) ADC Range Auto Auto Peak AutoPeakLock Manual -6 dB 0 dB +6 dB +12 dB +18 dB +24 dB Data Packing Auto, Short, Medium, Long...
  • Page 35 Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-8 Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (3 of 3) Measure Spectrum (Freq Domain) Marker Select 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 Normal Delta Function Band Power Noise Trace...

  • Page 36: Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 Of 2)

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-9 Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2) Measure Waveform (Time Domain) Meas Setup Sweep Time Res BW Average Avg Number 10 On | Off Avg Mode Exp | Repeat Avg Type Pwr Avg (RMS)
  • Page 37 Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-10 Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (2 of 2) Measure Waveform (Time Domain) View/Trace RF Envelope Span X Scale Scale/Div Ref Value Ref Position Left | Ctr | Right Scale Coupling On | Off Amplitude Y Scale Scale/Div...

  • Page 38: Tx Band Spur Measurement Key Flow

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-11 Tx Band Spur Measurement Key Flow Measure Tx Band Spur Meas Setup Avg Number 30 On | Off Avg Mode Exp | Repeat Avg Type Pwr Avg (RMS) Log-Pwr Avg (Video) Maximum...

  • Page 39: Edge Evm Measurement Key Flow

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-12 EDGE EVM Measurement Key Flow Measure EDGE EVM Meas Setup Avg Bursts 10On | Off Avg Mode Exp | Repeat Trig Source Free Run (Immediate) Video (IF Envlp) RF Burst (Wideband) Ext Front...

  • Page 40: Edge Pvt Measurement Key Flow

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-13 EDGE PvT Measurement Key Flow Measure EDGE PvT Meas Setup Avg Bursts 10 On | Off Avg Mode Exp | Repeat Avg Type Pwr Avg (RMS) Log-Pwr Avg (Video) Voltage Avg Maximum...

  • Page 41: Edge Orfs Measurement Key Flow (1 Of 2)

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-14 EDGE ORFS Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2) Measure EDGE ORFS Meas Setup Avg Bursts 20 On | Off Avg Mode Exp | Repeat Meas Method Multi-Offset Single Offset (Examine) Meas Type...
  • Page 42 Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode EDGE (with GSM) Measurement Key Flow Figure 2-15 EDGE ORFS Measurement Key Flow (2 of 2) Measure EDGE ORFS Marker Select 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 Normal Delta Function Band Power Noise Trace RF Envelope Modulation...

  • Page 43: Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Installing Optional Measurement Personalities Installing Optional Measurement Personalities When you Install a measurement personality, you follow a two step process. 1. Install the measurement personality firmware into the instrument. (See the supplied installation instructions.) 2.

  • Page 44: Available Personality Options

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Installing Optional Measurement Personalities Available Personality Options The option designation consists of three characters, as shown in the Option column of the table below. Option Available Personality Options GSM measurement personality EDGE (with GSM) measurement personality cdmaOne measurement personality NADC, PDC measurement personalities iDEN measurement personality...

  • Page 45: Installing A License Key Number

    Please enter your license key numbers below for future reference. If you should lose your license key number, call your nearest Agilent Technologies service or sales office for assistance. License Key Numbers for Instrument with Serial # ________ For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________...

  • Page 46: Using The Uninstall Key

    Setting Up the EDGE (with GSM) Mode Installing Optional Measurement Personalities 3. Press the key after you have entered the personality Install Now option number and the license key number. On some instruments, a message may appear in the function area of the display which reads, “Insert disk and power cycle the instrument”.

  • Page 47: Making Edge (With Gsm) Measurements

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements...

  • Page 48: Edge (With Gsm)Measurements

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements EDGE (with GSM)Measurements EDGE (with GSM)Measurements Once in the EDGE w/GSM mode, the following measurements for the GSM 450, GSM 480, GSM 850, GSM 900, DCS 1800, and PCS 1900 bands are available by pressing the key.

  • Page 49: Preparing For Measurements

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Preparing for Measurements Preparing for Measurements If you want to set the EDGE w/GSM mode to a known, factory default state, press . This will preset the mode setup and all of the Preset measurements to the factory default parameters. Pressing the key does not switch instrument modes.

  • Page 50: Measurement Control

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Preparing for Measurements Measurement Control front panel menu key controls processes that affect Meas Control the running of the current measurement. • softkey. Press (not to be confused with Measure Meas Control Measure the front panel key which has a different function) to toggle Measure between Single and Cont (for continuous) measurement states.

  • Page 51: Measurement Setup

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Preparing for Measurements Measurement Setup key accesses features that enable you to adjust Meas Setup parameters of the current measurement, such as resolution bandwidth. You will also use the menu to access the Meas Setup Average, Trig Source measure setup feature menus.

  • Page 52: Trig Source

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Preparing for Measurements • - Select the averaging type from the following selections: Avg Type (Not all of the selections are available for all measurements) - The true power averaging, and is equivalent to Pwr Avg (RMS) taking the RMS of the voltage.

  • Page 53: Burst Sync

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Preparing for Measurements Burst Sync Pressing the key allows you to choose the source used to Burst Sync synchronize the measurement to the “T0” point of the GSM burst. The “T0” point is defined as the time point of the transition from bit 13 to bit 14 of the midamble training sequence for a given time slot.

  • Page 54: Making The Transmit Power Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Transmit Power Measurement Making the Transmit Power Measurement Purpose Transmit Power is the measure of in-channel power for EDGE (with GSM) systems. Mobile stations and base transceiver stations must transmit enough power, with sufficient modulation accuracy, to maintain a call of acceptable quality without leaking into frequency channels or timeslots allocated for others.

  • Page 55: Making The Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Transmit Power Measurement Making the Measurement The factory default settings provide a EDGE (with GSM) compliant NOTE measurement. For special requirements, you may need to change some of the settings. Press Meas Setup More (1 of 2) Restore Meas Defaults any time to return all parameters for the current measurement to their...

  • Page 56: Results

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Transmit Power Measurement Results Figure 3-1 Transmit Power Result - Single Burst Figure 3-2 Transmit Power Result - Multiple Bursts Chapter 3...

  • Page 57: Changing The Measurement Setup

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Transmit Power Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup Table 3-1 Transmit Power Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Averages 50 On Avg Mode Avg Type Pwr Avg (RMS) −6.00 dB Rel (to peak) Threshold Lvl Trig Source RF Burst (Wideband)

  • Page 58: Troubleshooting Hints

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Transmit Power Measurement • - accesses a menu to change the following parameters: Advanced - this key toggles to select a Flat Top or a Gaussian (the RBW Filter default filter) resolution bandwidth filter. A Gaussian filter provides more even time domain response, particularly for bursts.

  • Page 59: Making The Power Vs. Time Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Power vs. Time Measurement Making the Power vs. Time Measurement Purpose Power vs. Time measures the mean transmit power during the “useful part” of GSM bursts and verifies that the power ramp fits the within the defined mask.

  • Page 60: Making The Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Power vs. Time Measurement Making the Measurement The factory default settings provide a EDGE (with GSM) compliant NOTE measurement. For special requirements, you may need to change some of the settings. Press Meas Setup More (1 of 2) Restore Meas Defaults any time to return all parameters for the current measurement to their...

  • Page 61: Results

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Power vs. Time Measurement Results Figure 3-3 Power vs. Time Measurement Result - Burst View Chapter 3...

  • Page 62: Changing The Measurement Setup

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Power vs. Time Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup Table 3-2 Power vs. Time Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Avg Bursts 10 Off Avg Mode Avg Type Pwr Avg (RMS) Meas Time 1 Slot Trig Source RF Burst (Wideband)

  • Page 63: Changing The View

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Power vs. Time Measurement Changing the View key will access a menu which allows you to select the View/Trace desired view of the measurement from the following selections: • - views the entire sweep as specified by the meas time. Burst •...

  • Page 64: Making The Phase And Frequency Error Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Phase and Frequency Error Measurement Making the Phase and Frequency Error Measurement Purpose Phase and frequency error are the measures of modulation quality for GSM systems. Since GSM systems use relative phase to transmit information, the phase and frequency accuracy of the GSM transmitter are critical to the systems performance and ultimately affect range.

  • Page 65: Making The Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Phase and Frequency Error Measurement Making the Measurement The factory default settings provide a GSM compliant measurement. NOTE For special requirements, you may need to change some of the settings. Press at any time to Meas Setup More (1 of 2) Restore Meas Defaults...

  • Page 66: Results

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Phase and Frequency Error Measurement Results Figure 3-4 Phase and Frequency Error Result - Quad View Chapter 3...
  • Page 67 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Phase and Frequency Error Measurement Figure 3-5 Phase and Frequency Error Result - Phase Error View Figure 3-6 Phase and Frequency Error Result - RF Envelope View Chapter 3...
  • Page 68 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Phase and Frequency Error Measurement Figure 3-7 Phase and Frequency Error Result - Polar View Figure 3-8 Phase and Frequency Error Result - Data Bits Chapter 3...

  • Page 69: Changing The Measurement Setup

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Phase and Frequency Error Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup Table 3-3 Phase and Frequency Error Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Avg Bursts 10 Off Avg Mode Repeat Avg Type Maximum Trig Source RF Burst (Wideband) Burst Sync Training Sequence...

  • Page 70: Changing The Display

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Phase and Frequency Error Measurement The menus under the keys are Span X Scale Amplitude Y Scale context dependent upon the selected window (graph type). The Span X parameters will be in units of time or bits, dependent on the view Scale selected.

  • Page 71: Making The Output Rf Spectrum Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement Purpose The Output RF Spectrum measurement is the EDGE (with GSM) version of adjacent channel power (ACP). Either a single offset is measured with corresponding traces or up to 15 offsets are measured and a table is displayed.

  • Page 72: Measurement Method

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement Measurement Method In this measurement, the transmitter (source) is set to transmit a GSM frame at a given channel (frequency). The instrument acquires a time record at a particular offset from the channel being transmitted. The method of acquiring the time record is either a FFT/Inverse-FFT method, or a direct time domain (DTD) method, depending on the offset.
  • Page 73 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement The FFT method acquires a wideband signal (1.55 MHz) in a flattop filter. An FFT is performed to get the spectrum of the GSM signal. The resolution bandwidth filter can now be applied mathematically to the spectrum at multiple offsets, with an inverse-FFT performed on the data which passes the filter.
  • Page 74 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement The GSM standard specifies the tests are run on specified offsets from the carrier. The instrument identifies this as single offset or multiple offset modes. The measurement made in these two modes is the same, except that the multiple offset mode automatically makes the measurement at all the specified offsets frequencies and lists the results in a table at the end of the measurement.

  • Page 75: Making The Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement Making the Measurement The factory default settings provide a GSM compliant measurement. NOTE For special requirements, you may need to change some of the settings. Press at any time to Meas Setup More (1 of 2) Restore Meas Defaults...

  • Page 76: Results

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement Results Figure 3-10 Output RF Spectrum Result Example (Short List) Modulation View Figure 3-11 Output RF Spectrum Result Example (Short List) Switching View Chapter 3...

  • Page 77: Changing The Measurement Setup

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup Table 3-4 Output RF Spectrum Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Avg Bursts 20 On Avg Mode Repeat Meas Method Multi-Offset Meas Type Modulation Ofs Freq List Short Offset Freq...
  • Page 78 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement Parameters that are under the key seldom need to be NOTE Advanced changed. Any changes from the default values may result in invalid measurement data. Make sure the EDGE ORFS measurement is selected under the menu.
  • Page 79 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement • - accesses a menu to choose the offset frequency list. Ofs Freq List Select a , or list as shown in the table below. Standard Short Custom List Modulation Offsets Switching (kHz)
  • Page 80 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement Therefore, the trigger must be synchronous with respect to a rising edge of a burst. The RF Burst trigger will do this if the offset is within about 7 MHz of the carrier. Remember that since the RF Burst trigger is wideband, the carrier will still cause the signal to trigger.
  • Page 81 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement • - Fast averaging is a technique developed by HP/Agilent. Fast Avg The GSM standard specifies 50% to 90% portion of the burst, excluding the midamble, be measured. Since most offsets are measured in a 30 kHz filter, there is a lot of variation from burst to burst, hence the averaging.

  • Page 82: Changing The View

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Output RF Spectrum Measurement - Selects the transition frequency (the first Direct Time Break Freq offset frequency) where the Direct Time Domain method is used instead of the FFT method.The Direct Time Domain offers a high dynamic range and is faster for measuring at a few offset frequencies.

  • Page 83: Making The Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement This Spectrum measurement section is used in the following NOTE personalities: Basic, cdmaOne, GSM, NADC, PDC, iDEN, cdma2000, W-CDMA (3GPP), W-CDMA (Trial & Arib). Purpose The spectrum measurement provides spectrum analysis capability for the instrument.

  • Page 84: Results

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Results A display with both a spectrum window and an I/Q Waveform window will appear when you activate a spectrum measurement. Use the Next key to select a window, and the key to enlarge a window.

  • Page 85: Changing The Measurement Setup

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup Table 1 Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Res BW Averaging: Avg Number 25 On Avg Mode Avg Type Log-Pwr Avg (Video) Trigger Source Measurement Time 1.0 ms (Auto)
  • Page 86 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Parameters under the key seldom need to be changed. Any NOTE Advanced changes from the default advanced values may result in invalid measurement data. Make sure the measurement is selected under Spectrum (Freq Domain) menu.
  • Page 87 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement FFT Window - Allows you to access the following selection menu. Unless you are familiar with FFT windows, use the flat top filter (the default filter). • Flat Top - Selects a filter for best amplitude accuracy, by reducing scalloping error.
  • Page 88 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement ADC Range - Allows you to access the following selection menu to define one of the following ADC ranging functions: • Auto - Select this to set the ADC range automatically. For most FFT spectrum measurements, the auto feature should not be selected.

  • Page 89: Changing The View

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement - Allows you to toggle the decimation function between Decimation , and to set the decimation value. is the Auto Auto preferred setting, and the only setting that guarantees alias-free FFT spectrum measurements.

  • Page 90: Using The Markers

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Using the Markers front-panel key accesses the menu to configure the markers. Marker If you want to use the marker function in the I/Q window, press View/Trace I/Q Waveform Marker Trace IQ Waveform...

  • Page 91: Band Power

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Band Power A band power measurement using the markers calculates the average power between two adjustable markers. To make a band power measurement: Press the key. Marker Press to activate a marker on the instantaneous Trace Spectrum spectrum signal.

  • Page 92: Making The Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement This Waveform measurement section is used in the following NOTE personalities: Basic, cdmaOne, GSM, NADC, PDC, iDEN, cdma2000, W-CDMA (3GPP), W-CDMA (Trial & Arib). Purpose The waveform measurement is a generic measurement for viewing waveforms in the time domain.

  • Page 93: Results

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Results Figure 3-13 Waveform Measurement Results- RF Envelope Window Chapter 3...

  • Page 94: Changing The Measurement Setup

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup Table 2 Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition View/Trace RF Envelope Sweep Time Res BW Averaging: Avg Number 10 Off Avg Mode Avg Type Pwr Avg (RMS) Trigger Source...
  • Page 95 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Make sure the measurement is selected under Waveform (Time Domain) menu. Press the key to access a menu which Measure Meas Setup allows you to modify the averaging, and trigger source for this measurement (as described in the “Measurement Setup”...
  • Page 96 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement - Allows you to access the following selection menu to Data Packing define one of the following data packing methods: • - Data is automatically packed. This is the default setting Auto and most recommended.

  • Page 97: Changing The View

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Changing the View menu keys are used to activate a view of a measurement View/Trace with preset X and Y scale parameters; this view is called a “window.” Using the X and Y scale keys, you can then modify these parameters. You can also activate traces, using the menu key.

  • Page 98: Band Power

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement In the Waveform measurement, the Mean Pwr (Entire Trace) value NOTE plus the Pk-to-Mean value will sum to equal the current Max Pt. value as shown in the data window below the RF Envelope display. If you do a marker peak search ( ) with averaging turned off, the marker will Search...

  • Page 99: Making The Tx Band Spur Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Tx Band Spur Measurement Making the Tx Band Spur Measurement Purpose The Tx Band Spur measurement checks that the transmitter does not transmit undesirable energy into the transmit band. This energy may cause interference for other users of the GSM system. Measurement Method This is a base station only measurement.

  • Page 100: Making The Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Tx Band Spur Measurement The mean transmit power is measured first using the “power-above-threshold” method (see the Transmit Power measurement for detail), and then used as a reference for the measurement limit lines if limits are used. The spectrums, which are below or above the carrier frequency and within the transmit band, are measured.

  • Page 101: Results

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Tx Band Spur Measurement Results Figure 3-14 Tx Band Spur - Lower Segment Changing the Measurement Setup Table 3-5 Tx Band Spur Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Avg Number 30 On Avg Mode Repeat Avg Type...

  • Page 102: Changing The View

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the Tx Band Spur Measurement Make sure the Tx Band Spur measurement is selected under the menu. The key will access a menu which allows you Measure Meas Setup to modify the averaging for this measurement. The following Tx Band Spur measurement parameters can be modified: •...

  • Page 103: Making The Edge Evm Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE EVM Measurement Making the EDGE EVM Measurement Purpose Phase and frequency errors are the measures of modulation quality for the EDGE (with GSM) system. Since the EDGE (with GSM) system uses the 3π/8 8PSK modulation technique, the phase and frequency accuracies of the EDGE (with GSM) transmitter are critical to the communications system performance and ultimately affect range.

  • Page 104: Making The Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE EVM Measurement Making the Measurement The factory default settings provide an EDGE compliant measurement. NOTE For special requirements, you may need to change some of the settings. Press at any time to Meas Setup More (1 of 2) Restore Meas Defaults...

  • Page 105: Changing The Measurement Setup

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE EVM Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup The next table shows the factory default settings for error vector magnitude measurements. Table 3-6 Error Vector Magnitude Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Avg Number 10, On Avg Mode Exponential...

  • Page 106: Changing The View

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE EVM Measurement Changing the View key accesses the menu which allows you to select the View/Trace desired measurement view from the following selections: • - The measured summary data is shown in I/Q Measured Polar Vector the left window and the dynamic vector trajectory of I/Q demodulated signal is shown as a polar vector display in the right...

  • Page 107: Changing The Display

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE EVM Measurement • - Four display windows show EVM, Mag Error I/Q Error (Quad-View) and Phase Error graphs, and the EVM summary data text. Figure 3-17 Error Vector Magnitude Measurement - Quad View Changing the Display key accesses the menu to allow the following selections for Display...
  • Page 108 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE EVM Measurement • - Allows you to toggle the scale coupling function Scale Coupling between . The default setting is . This function automatically determines the scale per division and reference value by the magnitude of the measurement results.

  • Page 109: Troubleshooting Hints

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE EVM Measurement Troubleshooting Hints Use the spectrum (frequency domain) measurement to verify that the signal is present and approximately centered on the display. Poor phase error indicates a problem at the I/Q baseband generator, filters, and/or modulator in the transmitter circuitry.The output amplifier in the transmitter can also create distortion that causes unacceptably high phase error.

  • Page 110: Making The Edge Pvt Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE PvT Measurement Making the EDGE PvT Measurement Purpose EDGE PvT measures the mean transmit power during the “useful part” of GSM bursts and verifies that the power ramp fits the within the defined mask.

  • Page 111: Making The Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE PvT Measurement Making the Measurement The factory default settings provide a GSMEDGE (with GSM) NOTE compliant measurement. For special requirements, you may need to change some of the settings. Press Meas Setup More (1 of 2) Restore at any time to return all parameters for the current...

  • Page 112: Results

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE PvT Measurement Results Figure 3-18 Power vs. Time Measurement Result - Burst View Figure 3-19 Power vs. Time Measurement Result - Rise & Fall View Chapter 3...

  • Page 113: Changing The Measurement Setup

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE PvT Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup Table 3-7 Power vs. Time Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Avg Bursts 10 Off Avg Mode Avg Type Pwr Avg (RMS) Meas Time 1 Slot Trig Source RF Burst (Wideband) Burst Sync...

  • Page 114: Changing The View

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE PvT Measurement Changing the View key will access a menu which allows you to select the View/Trace desired view of the measurement from the following selections: • - views the entire sweep as specified by the meas time. Burst •...

  • Page 115: Making The Edge Orfs Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement Purpose The EDGE ORFS measurement is the GSM EDGE (with GSM) version of adjacent channel power (ACP). Either a single offset is measured with corresponding traces or up to 15 offsets are measured and a table is displayed.
  • Page 116 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement The general steps in making the measurement are as follows: • Acquire time record (using either FFT or DTD methods, described below) • Synchronize for gating on the carrier - finds 50% and 90% portion of burst for Spectrum Due to Modulation portion of the test •...
  • Page 117 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement The primary disadvantage to the FFT method is that the acquisition must include the carrier. The high energy of the carrier causes the ADC to range down, thus lowering the dynamic range. At large offsets, the dynamic range requirement is very challenging so the direct time domain (DTD) method is used.
  • Page 118 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement Figure 3-20 GSM Frame in Single-Offset (Examine) The RF envelope trace is displayed. If averaging is turned on, the trace is then averaged with previous traces. For the modulation measurement, the user may select the type of trace averaging, either log-power averaged (Video) or power averaged (RMS).

  • Page 119: Making The Measurement

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement Making the Measurement The factory default settings provide a GSM compliant measurement. NOTE For special requirements, you may need to change some of the settings. Press to return all Meas Setup More (1 of 2) Restore Meas Defaults parameters for the current measurement to their default settings.

  • Page 120: Changing The Measurement Setup

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup Table 3-8 Output RF Spectrum Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Avg Bursts 20 On Avg Mode Repeat Meas Method Multi-Offset Meas Type Modulation Ofs Freq List Short Offset Freq 250.000 kHz...
  • Page 121 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement Parameters that are under the key seldom need to be NOTE Advanced changed. Any changes from the default values may result in invalid measurement data. Make sure the Output RF SpectrumEDGE ORFS measurement is selected under the menu.
  • Page 122 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement - Only available when is set to Offset Freq Measure Single Offset hardkeys (⇑ or ⇓) will step through the offset list . The (Examine) Step as selected by the key.
  • Page 123 Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement - Fast averaging is a technique developed by HP/Agilent. Fast Avg The GSM standard specifies 50% to 90% portion of the burst, excluding the midamble, be measured in 50 averages. Since most offsets are measured in a 30 kHz filter, there is a lot of variation from burst to burst, hence the averaging.

  • Page 124: Changing The View

    Making EDGE (with GSM) Measurements Making the EDGE ORFS Measurement • - Selects the transition frequency (the first Direct Time Break Freq offset frequency) where the Direct Time Domain method is used instead of the FFT method.The Direct Time Domain offers a high dynamic range and is faster for measuring at a few offset frequencies.

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