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RSA5100A Series

Real-Time Signal Analyzers

ZZZ

Printable Help

*P077104000*

077-1040-00

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Page 1 RSA5100A Series Real-Time Signal Analyzers Printable Help *P077104000* 077-1040-00...
Page 3 RSA5100A Series Real-Time Signal Analyzers Printable Help www.tektronix.com 077-1040-00...
Page 4 Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material.
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents Table of Contents Welcome Welcome ......................About the Tektronix Signal Analyzer Product software ....................Accessories Standard accessories................... Options Options......................Documentation and support Documentation ....................Video tutorials....................Orientation Front panel connectors ..................... Front-Panel Controls ....................Touch Screen .......................
Page 6 General Signal Viewing Shared Measurement Settings ..........Analog Modulation Overview ......................AM Display ....................AM Settings ....................FM Display ....................FM Settings....................PM Display ....................PM Settings....................RF Measurements Overview ......................MCPR MCPR (Multiple Carrier Power Ratio) Display ............MCPR Settings....................RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 7 WLAN Phase Error Display ................WLAN Phase Error Settings................WLAN Power vs Time WLAN Power vs Time Display ................WLAN Power vs Time Settings................WLAN Spectral Flatness WLAN Spectral Flatness Display................. WLAN Spectral Flatness Settings ................ RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 8 OFDM Power Settings ..................OFDM Summary OFDM Summary Display.................. OFDM Summary Settings ................. OFDM Symb Table OFDM Symbol Table Display................OFDM Symbol Table Settings ................Common Controls for OFDM Analysis Displays OFDM Analysis Shared Measurement Settings ............RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 9 Pulse Statistics Pulse Statistics Display..................Pulse Statistics Settings ..................Common Controls for Pulsed RF Displays Pulsed RF Shared Measurement Settings ..............APCO P25 Analysis APCO P25 Analysis..................... Overview ....................P25 Standards Presets ..................P25 Displays ....................RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 10 Audio Analysis Measurement Settings ..............GP Digital Modulation Overview ......................Constellation Constellation Display..................Constellation Settings ..................Demod I & Q vs Time Demod I & Q vs Time Display ................Demod I & Q vs Time Settings ................RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 11 User Filter File Format ..................Marker Measurements Using Markers Using Markers....................Controlling Markers with the Touchscreen Actions Menu ..........Measuring Frequency and Power in the Spectrum Display ..........Common Marker Actions Marker Action Controls ................Peak...................... Next Peak ....................RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 12 Select Records from History................Replay Toolbar ....................Amplitude Corrections Amplitude Settings ....................External Gain/Loss Correction Tab................External Gain Value ..................External Loss Tables ..................Managing Data, Settings, and Pictures Saving and Recalling Data, Settings, and Pictures............viii RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 13 Help Menu Help Menu ....................Troubleshooting Error and Information Messages ................Displaying the Windows Event Viewer ..............Upgrading the Product Software How to Find Out if Software Upgrades are Available ..........Changing Settings Settings....................... Glossary Index RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 14 Table of Contents RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 15: Welcome
This help provides in-depth information on how to use the RSA5100A Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers. For a shorter introduction to the Signal Analyzer, refer to the RSA5100A Series Real Time Signal Analyzer Quick Start User Manual. To see tutorial examples of how to use your analyzer to take measurements in different application areas, refer to the RSA5100A and RSA6100B Series Real Time Signal Analyzer Application Examples Reference.
Page 16 Welcome Welcome RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 17: Product Software
Windows 7. As with standard Windows 7 installations, you can install other compatible applications, but the installation and use of non-Tektronix software is not supported by Tektronix. If you need to reinstall the operating system, follow the operating system restore procedure provided in...
Page 18: Options
Options To view a listing of the software options installed on your instrument, select Help > About Your Tektronix Real-Time Analyzer. There is a label on the rear-panel of the instrument that lists installed hardware options. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 19: Documentation
Video tutorials You can browse the Tektronix YouTube channel (www.youtube.com/user/tektronix) to ﬁnd video tutorials about various topics related to your product. You can also subscribe to the Tektronix YouTube channel to keep up with new postings. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 20 1. Click on the search icon located just above the video you see when the page ﬁrst loads. NOTE. This icon allows you to search the Tektronix YouTube channel speciﬁcally. The search icon located at the top of the page allows you to search all of YouTube .
Page 21: Orientation
Trigger output connector. 50 Ω, BNC, High > 2.0 V, Low < 0.4 V, (output current 1 mA). Trig In External Trigger input connector, –2.5 V to +2.5 V (user settable). USB 2.0 USB 2.0 connector. USB 2.0 USB 2.0 connector. RF Input RF input connector 50 Ω. Front-Panel Controls RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 22 General Signal Viewing displays. Amplitude Opens/closes the Amplitude control Setup > Amplitude panel. Press to adjust the bandwidth or BW (Spectrum) press and hold to display the BW control panel for the General Signal Viewing displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 23 Increments or decrements the selected value ment keys Deletes the selected marker Delete, (Markers section) Add, (Markers Add a marker to the selected trace section) Replay Replays the current acquisition record Single Sets the Run mode to Single Sequence RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 24 Sets the instrument to the selected Presets > DPX DPX Preset values. User Sets the instrument to the selected Presets > User User Preset values. Preset Returns the instrument to the default Preset or preset values. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 25: Touch Screen
To use the Touch-screen Actions menu, touch the display in a graph area and hold for one second, then remove your ﬁnger. You can also use a mouse to display the Touch-screen Action menu by clicking the right mouse button. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 26 Use to visually deﬁne trigger parameters in the DPX display (present only in the DPX Spectrum display). Touch-Screen Menu for Spurious Display The Touch-screen actions menu in the Spurious display has some minor changes compared to the standard version used in other displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 27: Elements Of The Display
Multi on the Settings > Parameters tab. Marker -> Sel Spur Moves the selected marker to the selected spur. Elements of the Display The main areas of the application window are shown in the following ﬁgure. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 28 Orientation Elements of the Display Speciﬁc elements of the display are shown in the following ﬁgure. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 29 Orientation Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 30 When Best for multiple windows is selected in the Amplitude control panel's RF & IF Optimization control, none of the measurement displays shows a checkmark, as there is not a single optimized measurement. Show Shows / hides the selected trace. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 31: Rear-Panel Connectors
Because the instrument is based on Windows, you conﬁgure network connections for the instrument the same way you would for any PC based on Windows. See Help and Support in the Windows Start menu to access the Windows Help System for information on setting up network connections. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 32 Orientation Setting Up Network Connections RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 33: Operating Your Instrument
NOTE. There are a few critical adjustments that must run occasionally even if Automatically align is not enabled. Alignment Status When the signal analyzer needs to run an alignment, it displays a message on screen. If no message is displayed, you can assume that the signal analyzer is properly aligned. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 34: Presets
Alignments are adjustment procedures run by the instrument using internal reference signals and measurements. Calibrations can only be performed at a Tektronix service center and require the use of traceable test equipment (signal sources and measuring equipment) to verify the performance of the instrument.
Page 35 25) for general purpose spectrum analysis. The Modulation Analysis setup application preset provides you with the most common Modulation Analysis (see page 23) displays used during modulation analysis. Only present when Option 21 is installed. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 36 Adjust the span to show the necessary detail. Recalling a Preset To recall a preset, select Presets and then the desired preset type. NOTE. You can set which presets to recall from the Presets > Preset Options (see page 22) control panel. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 37 NOTE. More information is available about WLAN standards here (see page 153). You can also watch a video tutorial about WLAN Presets at www.youtube.com/user/tektronix. Click here (see page 5) information about searching the Tektronix YouTube channel for videos. P25: The Project 25 (P25) TIA-102 standards specify the design of interoperable digital two-way wireless communications products.
Page 38 Pulse Analysis application preset also sets most other instrument controls to default values. Analysis Period: This is set to 2 ms to ensure a good probability of catching several pulses for typical signals. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 39 In the Spectrogram display, move a marker up or down to see the spectrum trace at various points in time. The analysis period is set to 5 ms. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 40: Setting Options
(see page 215). Setting Options Menu Bar: Tools > Options There are several settings you can change that are not related to measurement functions. The Option settings control panel is used to change these settings. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 41 ﬁle. Acquisition data ﬁles. This setting speciﬁes whether saved data ﬁles include the entire acquisition record or only the data for the analysis length (a subset of the acquisition record). You can choose from the following: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 42 When selected, this setting causes makers to automatically jump to the next peak (see page 365) when you drag them. When this setting is deselected, you can drag a marker to any point on the trace. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 43: Operating System Restore
4. In the Conﬁrmation dialog box, click Yes to restore the instrument operating system, or No to exit the restore process. The restore process takes approximately 30 minutes; the actual time depends on the instrument conﬁguration. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 44 Operating Your Instrument Operating System Restore RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 45: Using The Measurement Displays
The check mark indicator in the upper, left-hand corner of the display indicates the display for which the application is optimized. Depending on application settings, some displays might stop displaying results if they are not the selected display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 46 Using the Measurement Displays Selecting Displays RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 47: Taking Measurements
The RMS phase difference between the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Displays RMS and Peak values with location of Peak value. Power shows the data symbols' individual subcarrier Power values versus symbol interval (time) and subcarrier (frequency). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 48 OFDM (non-802.11b) signals, results are presented with subcarrier (frequency) indices in the horizontal dimension and symbol (time) intervals in the vertical dimension. For 802.11b signals, the Preamble, Header, and Data (PSDU) symbol values are presented sequentially, with symbol indices in the left column. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 49 The normalized correlated power of the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 50 The normalized correlated power of the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 51 Total AM value, which is equal to the peak-peak AM value divided by 2. Measurements for FM modulation Measurement Description Positive peak frequency deviation. –Pk Negative peak frequency deviation. RMS value of the frequency deviation. Pk-Pk/2 Peak-to-peak frequency deviation divided by 2. Pk-Pk Peak-to-peak frequency deviation. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 52 Shows several measurements of P25 signal quality. Symbol Table Shows decoded data values for each data symbol in the analyzed signal packet. Results are presented with subcarrier (frequency) indices in the horizontal dimension and symbol (time) intervals in the vertical dimension. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 53 The RMS Frequency Error measurement is the RMS average of the Freq Error vs. Time trace, computed over the Measurement Time. Max Freq Error The maximum frequency error is the difference between the measured carrier frequency of the signal and the user-selected center frequency of the analyzer. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 54 Impulse Response Time The difference in time between the main lobe and highest side lobe. Time This is the time in seconds relative to the time reference point in the ﬁrst acquisition record in the data set. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 55: General Signal Viewing
Spectrum display is also used for measurement displays; however, they do not have to be tied together. They are by default speciﬁed separately and used to analyze different parts of the acquisition record. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 56 Analysis Length and Offset The blue line indicates the Analysis Length and Offset. The longer the time, Indicator (blue line, top of the longer the bar. Adjusting the offset shifts the bar left or right. graph below red line) RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 57: Time Overview Settings
Adjusts the vertical and horizontal scale and offset of the display. Trace (see page 45) Allows you to select the types of trace to display and its function. Prefs (see page 72) Speciﬁes whether or not certain display elements are shown. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 58: Navigator View
Navigator View moves the trace and markers in all of the other displays. Show Navigator View To show the Navigator View, select View > Navigator View. To remove the Navigator View, deselect Navigator View in the View menu. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 59: Spectrum
+Peak, -Peak, Avg (VRMS) and Sample values are all equal. Changing the Spectrum Length causes the available detection methods to differ in value because they have a larger set of samples for the various detection methods to process. The available detection methods (depending on the display) are: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 60 2. Navigate to the desired folder or use the default. 3. Type a name for the saved trace and click Save. Recalling Traces You can recall a previously saved trace for analysis or comparison to a live trace. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 61: Spectrum Display
3. Double-click the Spectrum icon in the Available displays box. This adds the Spectrum icon to the Selected displays box (and removes it from the Available displays box). Alternatively, you can click the Spectrum icon and then click the Add button to select Spectrum for display. 4. Click the OK button. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 62 Trace Selects a trace. Touching here pops up a context menu listing the available traces, whether they are enabled or not. If user selects a trace that is not currently enabled, it will be made enabled. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 63: Spectrum Settings
Sets the traces used to create the Math trace. Scale Tab (see page 50) Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters. Prefs Tab (see page 72) Speciﬁes whether or not certain display elements are shown. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 64: Spectrogram Display
The maximum number of lines that can be displayed in a spectrogram is 125,000. The spectrogram can also be displayed in a 3-D waterfall format. In the 3-D waterfall format, the spectrogram displays the time axis along a simulated Z-axis. NOTE. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 65 3. Double-click the Spectrogram icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Spectrogram icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the spectrogram view. 5. To display a 3-D version of the spectrogram, select the 3-D checkbox. Elements of the Spectrogram Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 66 Marker indicators These icons indicate the position of markers in the spectrogram. You can move markers by dragging the desired marker indicator. Detection setting Displays the selected Detection method (see Settings > Trace (see page 54) tab). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 67: Spectrogram Settings
Time & Freq Scale (see Sets the vertical and horizontal scale parameters for the spectrogram trace. The page 55) Spectrum Monitor controls are also on this tab. Prefs (see page 72) Speciﬁes whether or not certain display elements are shown. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 68 Displays the time at the Selected Line. If Markers are enabled, the selected line is positioned by the selected marker. If no markers are enabled, the selected line is the ﬁrst line in the current analysis period. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 69 Time & Freq Scale Tab The Time and Freq Scale tab allows you to change the vertical and horizontal scale settings, enable the 3-D Waterfall display, and set the color scheme used for the spectrogram trace. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 70 125,000 lines. With standard memory installed in the instrument, the maximum number of lines you can capture is 31,250. During each line's collection period, spectrum transforms are computed for each acquisition taken by the instrument. As each transform completes, it is incorporated into the current spectrogram line. How each RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 71: Amplitude Vs Time Display
3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Amplitude vs. Time icon or select the icon and click Add. The Amplitude vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK. Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 72: Amplitude Vs Time Settings
The Freq & BW (Bandwidth) tab allows you to specify the bandwidth parameters used for setting measurement bandwidth. This determines what Acq BW the measurement will request. Settings Description Frequency Vs Time Display The Frequency vs. Time Display shows how the signal frequency varies with time. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 73 3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Frequency vs. Time icon or select the icon and click Add. The Frequency vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to display the Freq vs. Time display. Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 74: Frequency Vs Time Settings
(except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export. You can set the Max trace points on the Settings > Prefs tab. To display Phase vs. Time: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 75 Horizontal Scale Sets the time spanned by the graph. Clear button Restarts multi-trace functions (Avg, Hold). Trace function Shows the trace function as set on the Settings > Trace tab. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 76: Phase Vs Time Settings
2. From the Measurements box, select General Signal Viewing. 3. Double-click the RF I&Q vs. Time icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the RF I & Q vs. Time icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 77: Rf I & Q Vs Time Settings
Changing the RF I & Q vs Time Display Settings (see page 63) RF I & Q vs Time Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The Setup settings for RF I&Q vs. Time are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 78: Common Controls For General Signal Viewing Displays
Freq & BW Tab — Freq vsTime, Phase vs Time, RF I & Q vs Time Display The Freq & BW tab provides access to settings that control frequency settings for the Freq vs Time, Phase vs Time, RF I & Q vs Time display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 79 Start and Stop frequencies will be adjusted to maintain the minimum Span setting. Setting Changed Manually Settings Changed Automatically As Setting Not Automatically Changed a Result Start Center, Span Stop Stop Center, Span Start Center Start, Stop Span Span Start, Stop Center RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 80 (detect) the appropriate value to use. The results array from an analysis can be detected (or “decimated”) in a variety of ways. The number of results points produced for each trace point varies with both analysis length and trace length. For RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 81 CISPR Peak – The trace value is calculated by the methods described for peak detectors in the CISPR documents. Trace Processing Traces can be processed to display in different ways. The Function setting controls trace processing. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 82 1. Select the trace into which the recalled trace will be loaded, from the Trace drop-down list. 2. Check the Show check box. 3. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. 4. Navigate to the desired ﬁle and click Open. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 83 BW Tab The BW (bandwidth) tab allows you to change Resolution Bandwidth and Video Bandwidth settings, and set the windowing method used by the transform process by selecting a ﬁlter shape (not present for all displays). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 84 Best frequency resolution, poor side-lobe level and amplitude accuracy. Flat-Top Best amplitude accuracy, best representation of brief events captured near the beginning or end of the time-domain data frame, poor frequency resolution. Hanning Good frequency resolution, high side-lobe roll-off rate. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 85 Zoom Start Sets the starting frequency for ... Zoom Stop Sets the stop frequency for ... Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. Reset Scale Resets all settings to their default values. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 86 However, the Show Power Trigger level check box only appears on the Amplitude vs Time Prefs tab. The following image shows the Prefs tab for the Time Overview display. The following table explains the controls that can appear on the Prefs tab. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 87 The line is not displayed if Trigger is set to Free Run. Marker Noise mode Select to enable or disable the Marker Noise mode. Use this mode to measure noise on the trace. See Using Noise Markers in the Spectrum Display (see page 367). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 88 General Signal Viewing Prefs Tab RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 89: Analog Modulation
2. From the Measurements box, select Analog Modulation. 3. Double-click the AM icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the AM icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the AM display. Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 90: Am Settings
Displays the Settings > Trace > Detection setting. Changing the AM Settings (see page 76) AM Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The AM Settings control panel provides access to settings that control parameters of the AM Display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 91 A, in the above equation, represents the carrier amplitude, a(t) represents the time-varying modulation and ω represents the carrier frequency. The signal modulation envelope is given by: There are several ways to express the AM modulation depth, expressed as a percentage. Peak method Trough Method Max-Min Method RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 92 Selects the trace processing method. The only available setting is Normal. Freeze Halts updates to the trace. Save Trace As Saves the trace to a ﬁle for later recall and analysis. Show recalled trace Displays a saved trace instead of a live trace. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 93 2. Navigate to the desired folder or use the default. 3. Type a name for the saved trace and click Save. Recalling Traces You can recall a previously saved trace for analysis or comparison to a live trace. To select a trace for recall: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 94 Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph. Position Adjusts the position of the acquisition record shown at the left edge of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to provide the optimum display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 95: Fm Display
2. From the Measurements box, select Analog Modulation. 3. Double-click the FM icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the FM icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the FM display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 96 Analog Modulation FM Display Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 97: Fm Settings
Carrier frequency detection setting is manual. Changing the FM Settings (see page 83) FM Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The FM Settings control panel provides access to settings that control parameters of the FM Display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 98 Scale (see page 88) Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters. Prefs (see page 89) Speciﬁes whether or not certain display elements are shown. Speciﬁes the maximum number of points shown in the display graph. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 99 Auto check box is deselected, the carrier frequency is speciﬁed by adding/subtracting the speciﬁed Frequency offset from the center frequency. Pressing the Load from Marker button loads the marker frequency into the Frequency offset box. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 100 Watts) or Log (dB, dBm), the correct RMS value results. When the averaging function is applied to a trace, the averaging is performed on the linear (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 101 1. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. 2. Navigate to the desired ﬁle and click Open. 3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 4. Verify that the Show check box is selected. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 102 Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph. Position Adjusts the position of the acquisition record shown at the left edge of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to provide the optimum display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 103: Pm Display
When taking measurements, only the ﬁrst burst in the Analysis period is analyzed. No trace points are shown for data outside the ﬁrst detected burst, nor are measurements made on data outside the ﬁrst detected burst. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 104 Analog Modulation PM Display Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 105: Pm Settings
Carrier frequency detection setting is manual. Changing the PM Settings (see page 91) PM Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The PM Settings control panel provides access to settings that control parameters of the PM Display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 106 Speciﬁes whether or not certain display elements are shown. Speciﬁes the maximum number of points shown in the display graph. Parameters Tab The Parameters tab enables you to specify parameters that control the carrier frequency and phase detection. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 107 Phase offset is set to 10°, the waveform shifts upward by 10° on screen. Selecting Load from marker sets the phase offset to the value of the selected marker. Range: –180 to +180°. Trace Tab The Traces Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed traces. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 108 Watts) or Log (dB, dBm), the correct RMS value results. When the averaging function is applied to a trace, the averaging is performed on the linear (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values. Trace Processing Traces can be processed to display in different ways. The Function setting controls trace processing. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 109 1. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. 2. Navigate to the desired ﬁle and click Open. 3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 4. Verify that the Show check box is selected. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 110 Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph. Position Adjusts the phase shown at the left edge of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to show the entire trace within the graph. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 111 Max trace points setting (except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 112 Analog Modulation Prefs Tab RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 113: Rf Measurements
Select Meas. Freq to set the measurement frequency. Use the front panel knob to adjust the frequency. 5. Press the Settings button. This displays the control panel for MCPR (the tab displayed will be the tab displayed the last time the Settings panel was opened). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 114 Measurement Frequency. All channels (Main or Adjacent) are speciﬁed by their offset from the Measurement Frequency. 12. To enable and deﬁne power limits, check the Enable Power Limits box and enter the desired Upper and Lower limits. You can read more about power limits here (see page 102). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 115 Individual Main channel power measurements appear in the graph under their channel identiﬁers. Individual adjacent channel power ratios also appear in the graph under the adjacent channel identiﬁer. The following table details the entries in the results table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 116 MCPR table will be red and the failure segments of the trace display will be red. The words Fail in red will also appear in the top left corner of the display (even if one adjacent band fails). See the following image for an example. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 117: Mcpr Settings
The ratio of the signal power in an adjacent channel to the power in one or more main channels. MCPR Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings The Setup control panel tabs for MCPR (Multiple Carrier Power Ratio) are: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 118 The VBW algorithm in the analyzer emulates the VBW ﬁlters of traditional swept analyzers. The maximum VBW value is the current RBW setting. The minimum VBW value is 1/10,000 of the RBW setting. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 119 Present only when the Channel Filter is set to Root-raised Cosine. Channels Tab for MCPR Path: Setup > Settings > Channels Application Toolbar / Front Panel: Settings The Channels tab is where you specify the parameters for the channels measured in the MCPR display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 120 You can set the upper and lower limits by clicking on the Add button. The following ﬁgure illustrates the settings controlled from the Channels tab. Editing Channel Parameters To edit the offset or bandwidth of a Main channel: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 121 To delete an adjacent channel: 1. Select the channel to be deleted in the channel deﬁnition table. 2. Select Delete. This removes the selected channel from the channel table. 3. Click the Close button when you have ﬁnished making changes. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 122: Occupied Bw & X Db Bw Display
3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Occupied Bandwidth icon or select the icon and click Add. The Occupied Bandwidth icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to display the Occupied Bandwidth. Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 123 OBW Level right The signal level at the right edge of the occupied bandwidth. OBW Ref Power The total power measured within the measurement bandwidth. x dB BW Ref Power The peak power measured within the measurement bandwidth. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 124: Occupied Bw & X Db Bw Settings
Max Hold function. Scale (see page 151) Allows you to set the vertical and horizontal scale parameters. Prefs (see page 152) The Prefs tab enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 125 Max Hold displays the maximum value in the acquisition record for each display point. Each new trace display point is compared to the previous maximum value and the greater value is retained for display and subsequent comparisons. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 126: Ccdf Display
2. From the Measurements box, select RF Measurements. 3. Double-click the CCDF icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the CCDF icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. Elements of the CCDF Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 127: Ccdf Settings
Traces (see page 148) Select the trace to be measured and select reference trace for display. Prefs (see page 152) Speciﬁes whether on not certain display elements are shown. Restore defaults. Sets the CCDF parameters to their default values. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 128: Settling Time Measurements
20 samples, the CCDF display will clear the trace and report "Not enough samples". Settling Time Measurement Overview Measurement Deﬁnitions Settling time. The time measured from a reference point to when the signal of interest settles to within user-deﬁned tolerance. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 129 See Mask Test Limits Settings (see page 369) for details on conﬁguring Mask Test. Frequency Settling Time Theory of Operation The following paragraphs describe how a frequency and phase settling measurement is made. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 130 RF Measurements Settling Time Measurement Overview Frequency settling time ﬂow diagram RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 131 RF Measurements Settling Time Measurement Overview Phase settling time ﬂow diagram Acquisition hardware collects I and Q samples at the measurement frequency. Sample Rate is based on the measurement bandwidth setting. The instantaneous phase is computed as: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 132 The point at the end of the previous frequency hop where the frequency ﬁrst leaves the tolerance band. This result can only be computed when the instrument can ﬁnd a previous settled state within the measurement period. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 133: Settling Time Displays
To lock the reference to an external source, go to Setup > Conﬁgure In/Out > Frequency Reference and choose External. Values from 1 MHz to 25 MHz in 1 MHz steps can be used as an external reference. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 134 3. Double-click the Freq Settling icon or the Phase Settling icon in the Available displays box. This adds the selected display to the Selected displays box (and removes it from the Available displays box). 4. Click the OK button. Frequency settling time display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 135 RF Measurements Settling Time Displays Phase settling time display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 136 AND the settling time is valid OR the settling time from trigger is valid If any of the conditions listed are not met, the measurement results text is red. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 137 However, the settling time from trigger is typically available. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 138 5. Double-click the Time Overview icon in the Available displays box. Click OK to complete your selection. 6. Press the front-panel Freq button and use the front-panel keypad or knob to adjust the frequency to that of the signal you want to measure. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 139 Tolerance (see page 129) as required for your measurement. If your signal must be settled for a period of time before it is considered settled, you can specify a minimum settled duration for the settling time measurement. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 140 Note the difference in the settling time in the two illustrations that follow. In both examples, the Target reference is set to Auto. The only difference is the measurement length, as shown by the magenta line. Frequency settling time display before setting the measurement length RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 141: Settling Time Settings
RF Measurement displays. With few exceptions, each display shares values for each of the controls on these tabs. For example, Vertical Scale values are independent for each of the displays (degrees for Phase Settling Time and Hertz for Frequency Settling Time). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 142 256 samples at the end of the measurement period. When set to Meas freq, the Target Reference is set to the Measurement Frequency of the instrument. You can enter a manual offset from the target frequency to ﬁne-tune the Target Reference when Meas freq is selected. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 143 If Target Reference is set to MeasFreq, then the Target value = Meas Frequency + Offset. Offset Offset is used for ﬁne-tuning the Target Reference when Meas freq is selected. The value for Offset is entered manually. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 144 The minimum settled duration is the amount of time the signal must remain within the tolerance band to be considered settled. Some user speciﬁcations require that the signal be settled for a minimum period. If this is not required in your application, set this value to the default of 0 seconds. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 145 Trace Tab for Settling Time Displays The Traces Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed traces. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 146 This sets the number of acquisitions to be averaged together to produce the result. Averaging reduces random variations but maintains the correct waveshape for repeating signal aberrations. To use averaging, the signal must be repetitive. For example, the tuning direction must always be same for each measurement RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 147 5. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 6. Verify that the trace's Show check box is selected (either on this tab or next to the drop-down list located at the top-left corner of the graph). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 148 Resets the Scale and Position to center the trace in the graph. Horizontal Scale Sets the range of time shown in the graph. Position Allows you to pan the graph left and right. Autoscale Resets Scale and Position to the automatically determined settings. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 149: Sem Display
3. In the Available displays box, double-click the SEM icon or select the icon and click Add. The SEM icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to show the Spectrum Emission Mask display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 150 RF Measurements SEM Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 151 & Limits table). This results in a total of six offsets multiplied by two sides per offset, which results in 12 offsets. Mask violations can occur in any of these offsets. The failure percentage is calculated as follows: Fail percentage = Number of offsets with mask violations x 100 / Total number of enabled offsets RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 152 You can sort the results in the Results table by clicking the column heading containing the values you want to sort on. You can sort results for the following columns: Row, Offset, Start Frequency, Stop Frequency, Peak Abs, and Peak Rel. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 153: Spectrum Emission Mask Settings
Speciﬁes characteristics of offsets and mask limits. page 142) Scale Tab (see page 145) Speciﬁes the vertical and horizontal scale settings. Prefs Tab (see page 146) Speciﬁes the appearance features of the graph area and the maximum trace points. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 154 Gaussian This ﬁlter shape provides optimal localization in the frequency domain. Rectangular This ﬁlter shape provides the best frequency, worst magnitude resolution. This is essentially the same as no window. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 155 Avg (VRMS) For each sweep, each point on the trace is the result of determining the RMS Voltage value for all of the collected traces' values for the same point. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 156 Speciﬁes the chip rate used for the Root-raised Cosine ﬁlter. Present only when Channel Filter is set to Root-raised Cosine. Offsets & Limits Table Tab - SEM The Offsets & Limits Table tab is used to specify parameters that deﬁne Offsets and masks. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 157 RF Measurements Offsets & Limits Table Tab - SEM Expanded display of Offsets & Limits Table RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 158 Speciﬁes whether the inner and outer edges of the offset must be the same value. When enabled, the Rel Stop cell is grayed-out and its value is set to the value of the Rel Start cell. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 159 Speciﬁes the frequency range displayed in the graph Position Speciﬁes the frequency shown at the center of the graph. Autoscale Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to optimize the display of the trace. Reset Scale Resets all settings to their default values. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 160: Rf Measurements Shared Measurement Settings
The control panel tabs in this section are shared by multiple displays in the RF Measurement folder (Setup > Displays). With few exceptions, each display maintains separate values for each of the controls on these tabs. For example, Scale values are independent for each of the displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 161 The VBW algorithm in the analyzer emulates the VBW ﬁlters of traditional swept analyzers. The maximum VBW value is the current RBW setting. The minimum VBW value is 1/10,000 of the RBW setting. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 162 Avg (VRMS) [Average V ] – Each point on the trace is the result of determining the RMS Voltage value for all of the IQ samples available to the trace point. When displayed in either linear (Volts, RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 163 To select a trace for recall: 1. Select the trace into which the recalled trace will be loaded, from the Trace drop-down list. 2. Check the Show check box. 3. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 164 The Gaussian trace is a reference trace that you can compare your trace against. Because the Gaussian trace is for reference, there are no settings for the trace other than whether or not it is shown. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 165 Freq / div, is less than the acquisition bandwidth. Autoscale Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. Log (Spurious only) Resets the display to show the frequency axis in a logarithmic scale. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 166 Speciﬁes the number of decimal places shown in the results readout below the graph. (Frequency and Phase Settling This setting does not affect the precision of internal calculations. Time displays only) Displays or hides the trace legend. Show trace legend (Phase Noise display only) RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 167: Wlan Overview
Standards Presets (see page 20). The following table shows the center frequency and displays that are automatically loaded for each of the listed standards and bandwidths. SEM masks are also loaded and are explained here (see page 257). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 168 WLAN Channel Response (see page 155) WLAN Constellation (see page 158) WLAN EVM (see page 160) WLAN Magnitude Error (see page 162) WLAN Phase Error (see page 164) WLAN Power versus Time (see page 166) WLAN Spectral Flatness (see page 169) RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 169: Wlan Channel Response Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval, Subcarrier Spacing, and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 170 WLAN Measurements WLAN Channel Response Display Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 171: Wlan Channel Response Settings
Analysis Time Tab (see Speciﬁes parameters that deﬁne the portion of the acquisition record that is used for page 183) analysis. Also allows you to specify the time units (Symbols or Seconds) for WLAN Analysis displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 172: Wlan Constellation
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval, Channel Bandwidth, and Subcarrier Spacing controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 173: Wlan Constellation Settings
Located to the left of the constellation plot or below it, depending on the size of the window. Marker controls Deﬁne and position markers. WLAN Constellation Settings Application Toolbar: The WLAN Constellation Settings control panel provides access to settings that control parameters of the Constellation Display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 174: Wlan Evm
6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard as appropriate. Set the Standard, Guard Interval, Channel Bandwidth, and Subcarrier Spacing controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 175: Wlan Evm Settings
Adjusts the horizontal range of the graph. By decreasing the scale, the graph essentially becomes a window that you can move over the analysis results by adjusting the position. WLAN EVM Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the WLAN EVM display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 176: Wlan Magnitude Error Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 177: Wlan Magnitude Error Settings
WLAN Magnitude Error Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the WLAN Mag Error display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 178: Wlan Phase Error
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 179: Wlan Phase Error Settings
WLAN Phase Error Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the WLAN Phase Error display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 180: Wlan Power Vs Time
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 181 WLAN Measurements WLAN Power vs Time Display Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 182: Wlan Power Vs Time Settings
90% to 10% of maximum packet power, in seconds. This value is not available is the analysis record does not include the packet power-down portion. WLAN Power vs Time Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the WLAN Power vs Time display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 183: Wlan Spectral Flatness Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval, Subcarrier Spacing, and Channel Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 184: Wlan Spectral Flatness Settings
WLAN Spectral Flatness Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the WLAN Spectral Flatness display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 185: Wlan Summary
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 186 WLAN Measurements WLAN Summary Display WLAN Summary Display for 802.11a/g/j/p/n/ac Signals RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 187 VHT-SIGNAL symbols' ﬁelds. The Pass/Fail result in each heading line indicates whether L-SIG Data the calculated Parity or CRC value matches the received Parity or CRC value of the HT-SIG Data corresponding SIGNAL symbol grouping. VHT-SIG Data RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 188 WLAN Measurements WLAN Summary Display WLAN Summary Display for 802.11b Signals RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 189: Wlan Summary Settings
CRC ﬁelds. The CRC Pass/Fail result indicates if the received CRC value is equal to the CRC value computed from the received Signal, Service and Length values. WLAN Summary Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the WLAN Summary display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 190: Wlan Symbol Table Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 191 WLAN Symbol Table Display WLAN Symbol Table for OFDM signals Item Description Subcarrier identiﬁers (OFDM only). Yellow column indicates Pilot subcarrier locations. Symbol identiﬁers. Subcarrier data values. Marker readout when markers are enabled. WLAN Symbol Table for 802.11b signals RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 192: Wlan Symbol Table Settings
The control panel tabs in this section are shared between the displays in the WLAN Analysis folder (Setup > Displays). Some tabs are shared by all the displays, some tabs are shared by only a subset of displays. The settings available on some tabs change depending on the selected display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 193 Speciﬁes the units of the display and whether elements of the graphs are displayed. Modulation Params Tab - WLAN The Modulation Params tab speciﬁes the type of modulation used by the input signal and other parameters that deﬁne the signal format. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 194 Indicates the FFT sample rate, based on the bandwidth or subcarrier setting. FFT Length Indicates the ﬁxed FFT length. Analysis Params Tab - WLAN The Analysis Params tab contains parameters that control the analysis of the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 195 When the box is unchecked, the rotation is not removed, which provides a direct view of the physical modulation on the channel. When the box is checked, the rotation is removed, allowing easier decoding of the underlying data content. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 196 Speciﬁes the ending value of the range to be displayed. Max symbols to analyze Speciﬁes how many symbols are analyzed. You can use this setting to speed analysis by limiting the number of symbols being analyzed. Data Range tab for 802.11b standards. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 197 – Resolution: 1 symbol Auto When enabled, causes the instrument to set the Analysis Length value based on the requirements of the selected display. Units Speciﬁes the units of the Analysis Length in either Symbols or Seconds. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 198 The Traces tab allows you to set the trace display characteristics of the WLAN Channel Reponse display. Settings Description Trace Selects the Magnitude or Phase trace for saving or recalling. Save Trace As . . . Select to save a trace. Recall Trace . . . Select to recall a trace. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 199 Power vs Time display, and one for the EVM, Magnitude Error, Phase Error, and Channel Response displays. Scale tab for the WLAN Power vs Time display Scale tab for WLAN EVM, Magnitude Error, Phase Error, and Channel Response displays Scale tab for WLAN Constellation display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 200 Vertical Position Sets the vertical location of the Constellation display within the graph. Range is -3.7 to +3.7. Horizontal Position Sets the horizontal location of the Constellation display within the graph. Range is -3.7 to +3.7. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 201 EVM units Speciﬁes whether the displayed EVM units are dB or percent. Max Bursts to Avg Speciﬁes the maximum number of bursts to average when Count is selected. Count Enables the Max Bursts to Avg function. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 202 Magnitude, Phase, or Both. Disabled (no masks), Shaded Region, or Line Only. These selections are only available for OFDM signals. Show graticule Speciﬁes to show the graticule on the display when checked. Show marker readout Speciﬁes to show the marker readout when checked. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 203: Ofdm Analysis
Add. The OFDM Chan Response icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to show the OFDM Chan Response display. 5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 204 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 205: Ofdm Channel Response Settings
209) analysis. Also allows you to specify the time units (Symbols or Seconds) for OFDM Analysis displays. Prefs Tab (see page 213) Speciﬁes the units of the display and whether elements of the graphs are displayed. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 206: Ofdm Constellation
6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 207: Ofdm Constellation Settings
The OFDM EVM icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to show the OFDM EVM display. 5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 208: Ofdm Evm Settings
Adjusts the horizontal range of the graph. By decreasing the scale, the graph essentially becomes a window that you can move over the analysis results by adjusting the position. OFDM EVM Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the OFDM EVM display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 209: Ofdm Spectral Flatness Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval, Subcarrier Spacing and Channel Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 210: Ofdm Spectral Flatness Settings
OFDM Spectral Flatness Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the OFDM Spectral Flatness display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 211: Ofdm Magnitude Error Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 212: Ofdm Magnitude Error Settings
OFDM Magnitude Error Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the OFDM Mag Error display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 213: Ofdm Phase Error
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 214: Ofdm Phase Error Settings
OFDM Phase Error Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the OFDM Phase Error display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 215: Ofdm Power
7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. 8. If you are analyzing a stored data ﬁle, press the Replay button to take measurements on the recalled acquisition data ﬁle. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 216: Ofdm Power Settings
Adjusts the horizontal range of the graph. By decreasing the scale, the graph essentially becomes a window that you can move over the analysis results by adjusting the position. OFDM Power Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the OFDM Power display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 217: Ofdm Summary
6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. Elements of the Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 218: Ofdm Summary Settings
Speciﬁes parameters that deﬁne the portion of the acquisition record that is used for analysis. Also allows you to specify the Units (Symbols or Seconds) for OFDM Analysis displays. Prefs (see page 213) Speciﬁes the units of the display and whether elements of the graphs are displayed. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 219: Ofdm Symbol Table Display
6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. Item Description Subcarrier identiﬁers. Symbol identiﬁers. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 220: Ofdm Symbol Table Settings
The control panel tabs in this section are shared between the displays in the OFDM Analysis folder (Setup > Displays). Some tabs are shared by all the displays, some tabs are shared by only a couple of displays. The settings available on some tabs change depending on the selected display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 221 Speciﬁes the spacing between subcarriers and the nominal channel bandwidth. Only one of these settings can be set at a time, the other setting is automatically calculated. Sample Rate Indicates the FFT sample rate, based on the bandwidth or subcarrier setting. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 222 The choices available are Phase, Amplitude, and Timing. The default setting is Phase. Swap I & Q Select the checkbox to swap the I and Q components of a signal. This compensates the input signal for spectral inversion. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 223 Speciﬁes how many symbols are analyzed. You can use this setting to speed analysis by limiting the number of symbols being analyzed. Analysis Time Tab - OFDM The Analysis Time tab contains parameters that deﬁne how the signal is analyzed in the OFDM Analysis displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 224 Analysis Length, in Symbol or Seconds units, is shown below the control in the "Actual" readout. This setting is not available when Auto is checked. Range: minimum value depends on modulation type. Resolution: 1 symbol. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 225 Measurement Frequency. There are two versions of the Scale tab for OFDM displays. One version is used only for the Constellation display and the other version is used for the OFDM EVM, OFDM Magnitude Error, OFDM Phase Error, and OFDM Power displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 226 Vertical Position Sets the vertical location of the Constellation display within the graph. Range is -3.7 to +3.7. Horizontal Position Sets the horizontal location of the Constellation display within the graph. Range is -3.7 to +3.7. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 227 Displays both the Subcarrier and Symbol graphs. Displays only the subcarrier graph. Subcarriers Symbols Displays only the symbol graph. Show graticule Displays or hides the graticule in the graphs. Show marker readout Displays or hides the marker readouts in the graphs. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 228 OFDM Analysis Prefs Tab - OFDM RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 229: Noise Figure And Gain Measurements
Gain (see page 217) Noise Figure (see page 219) Noise Table (see page 216) Uncertainty Calculator (see page 224) Y Factor (see page 222) These measurements allow you to measure the noise contributions of circuit elements to a signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 230: Noise Table Display
If you are using a local oscillator and need to set the local oscillator frequency, do the following: 1. With the Noise Table selected, press the Settings button. 2. Select Up or Down Convertor as the Measurement Type in the Overview tab. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 231: Noise Table Settings
Calibrates the equipment setup prior to measurement. Gain Display The Gain display shows gain versus frequency of the signal. The gain measurement is the ratio of output power to input power in an ampliﬁer or circuit element. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 232: Gain Settings
Shows the minimum level of the trace. Mean Shows the mean value of the trace. Gain Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The Setup settings for the Gain display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 233: Noise Figure
DUT. Lower noise ﬁgure is found in better performing DUTs. Noise factor is deﬁned as the ratio of the input signal to noise ratio to the output signal to noise ratio (Input SNR/Output SNR). Elements of the Noise Figure Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 234: Noise Figure Settings
Speciﬁes the scale settings that control how the trace appears on the display but does not change control settings. Prefs (see page 235) Speciﬁes preferences such as graticule on/off, number of displayed points and measurement units. Calibrate. Calibrates the equipment setup prior to measurement. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 235: Noise Temperature
Vertical scale Sets the vertical scale value. Noise Temperature Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the Noise Temperature Display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 236: Y Factor Display
Y-Factor measurements require an initial calibration where the noise source is measured in the on and off state with the DUT bypassed. This allows removal of the RSA noise ﬁgure using the two-stage NF correction, and allows for accurate gain measurement. Elements of the Y Factor Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 237: Y Factor Settings
Speciﬁes the scale settings that control how the trace appears on the display but does not change control settings. Prefs (see page 235) Speciﬁes preferences such as graticule on/off, number of displayed points and measurement units. Calibrate. Calibrates the equipment setup prior to measurement. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 238: Uncertainty Calculator Display
(maximum). So, if the noise ﬁgure is reported as 2 dB ±0.25 dB at 95% conﬁdence, this means that the “true” value of noise ﬁgure is thought to lie between 1.75 dB to 2.25 dB with 95% conﬁdence. Elements of the Uncertainty Calculator Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 239: Uncertainty Calculator Settings
Shows standard uncertainties in system. page 226) Uncertainty Tab The Uncertainty tab shows the noise ﬁgure and gain uncertainty values (dB). These values change based on the noise measurement result and the parameters set in the Uncertainty Calculator display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 240 Shows the error between the noise source and the spectrum analyzer. Mismatch Source-DUT Shows the error between the noise source and the device under test (DUT). Mismatch DUT-SA Shows the error between the device under test (DUT) and the spectrum analyzer. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 241: Noise Figure And Gain Measurement Settings
The above image shows the Overview tab with Amp/Direct selected. The above image shows the Overview tab with Up Convertor selected. Setting Description Measurement Type Specify whether the measurement should account for a frequency converter (Up Converter or Down Converter) or not (Amp/Direct). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 242 Specify the number of steps in the measurement range. This value determines how many steps (rows) are in the frequency table. (Only available with Sweep mode.) Table You can edit an existing frequency table, load a previously saved table, or save a table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 243 Specify the model of the noise source. (Only available with Table mode.) Noise Source Serial Number Specify serial number of the noise source. (Only available with Table mode.) Table You can edit an existing Noise Source table, load a previously saved table, or save a table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 244 You can also use the reference temperature for these values by selecting the click-box. The reference temperature is entered in the Params tab. The following image shows the External Loss Table setup window. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 245 Sets the frequency of the local oscillator, which is an oscillator that produces the internal signal that is mixed with an incoming signal to produce the IF signal. Set the Side Band to Upper, Lower, or Double. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 246 Read about these settings here Internal Preamp Switch the preamp on or off. To ensure the best accuracy, turn on the Internal Preamp and allow it to run for 20 minutes to thermally stabilize before taking critical measurements. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 247 Specify up to three traces and whether or not to show the traces of freeze them. Detection Detection is set to Average (VRMS). Function Specify the trace function as Normal, Average (VRMS), Max Hold, or Min Hold. Count Specify the trace count. (Only available for Noise Temperature display) RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 248 Controls the horizontal position and scale of the trace display. Scale Changes the horizontal scale of the graph. Position Adjusts the horizontal reference level of the graph. Autoscale Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 249 The following image shows the Prefs tab for all of the trace displays. The following image shows the Prefs tab for the Noise Table display. The following image shows the Prefs tab for the Noise Figure display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 250 Noise Figure and Gain Measurements Prefs Tab RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 251: Overview
Pulse Table Display The Pulse Table lists selected measurements in a spreadsheet format, showing the pulse numbers and all the results for each measurement on all the detected pulses. Pulses are numbered from one. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 252: Pulse Table Settings
Speciﬁes parameters that control the method and levels used to calculate some pulse values. Freq Estimation (see Speciﬁes the reference used for computing frequency errors. page 251) Restore defaults. Sets the Pulse Table parameters to their default values. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 253: Pulse Trace Display
The Pulse Trace display shows one measurement result and a trace graph illustrating that measurement for a selected pulse number. You can also choose to display arrows and lines in the graph that illustrate where on the pulse the measurement is being taken. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 254 Sets the power level shown at the top of the graph. If the number is greater than the Ref Level, a white line will appear in the graph to indicate the Ref Level. Vertical scale Sets the vertical scale value. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 255: Pulse Trace Settings
Y axis and pulse number on the X axis. Alternatively, the Statistics Display can show an FFT trace for the values of a measurement over all the pulses analyzed. Numeric readouts of Max, Min, and Average in this display summarize results for the selected pulse measurement. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 256 Pulsed RF Pulse Statistics Display Elements of the Pulse Statistics Display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 257: Pulse Statistics Settings
Adjusts the horizontal scale. Changing the Pulse Statistics Display Settings (see page 243) Pulse Statistics Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the Pulse Statistics Display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 258: Common Controls For Pulsed Rf Displays
Speciﬁes the vertical and horizontal scale settings. Prefs (see page 254) Speciﬁes whether or not certain elements of the display are shown. Params Tab The Params tab enables you to adjust several measurement parameters for Pulsed RF displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 259 (by increasing the sample rate) based on the characteristics of the signal. Additionally, when FastFrame is enabled, determining the maximum number of pulses is even more challenging. In FastFrame mode, the signal analyzer samples the signal around events of interest and RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 260 The Deﬁne tab enables you to specify parameters that control where measurements are made on a pulse. The settings available depend on the measurement selected. The following paragraphs describe the settings that appear on the Deﬁne tab according to the Measurement(s) selection. Freq-Domain Linearity RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 261 In the Relative time method, Length speciﬁes the percentage of the top of the pulse that is used for measurements. The instrument automatically determines the pulse top. The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. Impulse Response RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 262 The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. Freq Diff, Phase Diff Description Setting Measure point Speciﬁes the period in time after the 50% rising edge at which frequency and phase difference measurements are made. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 263 Length speciﬁes the percentage of the top of the pulse that is used for measurements. The instrument automatically determines the pulse top. The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. Only the Relative Time method is available for Ripple. Overshoot RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 264 In the Relative time method, Length speciﬁes the percentage of the top of the pulse that is used for measurements. The instrument automatically determines the pulse top. The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 265 Select Voltage to use -6 dB as the 50% point. Select Power to use -3 dB as the 50% level. Freq Estimation Tab Use the Freq Estimation tab to specify parameters used for determining frequency offset. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 266 Other: The signal is not one of the listed types. You must manually enter the Frequency Offset value. The following table maps the appropriate signal type selection with the signal characteristics. Signature Phase offset from one pulse to another Zero Any (unknown) CW Constant Phase CW Changing Phase Linear Chirp RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 267 Autoscale Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. Plot (Pulse Statistics display Speciﬁes the FFT, Trend, Time Trend, or Histogram plot. only) Reset Scale Restores all settings to their default values. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 268 Count or %. Count indicates the number of hits that fell into each bin. % indicates percentage Histogram is the selected of the total count (for the acquisition) that fell into each bin. plot type) Bins Speciﬁes how many "bins" or histogram bars the results are distributed into. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 269: Apco P25 Analysis
P25 Settings (see page 285) P25 Measurements (see page 258) P25 Test Patterns (see page 266) Reference Table of Supported P25 Measurements TIA-102 transmitter Tektronix measurement display(s) (value name if measurement different from TIA-102 measurement name) Phase 1 Phase 2...
Page 270: P25 Standards Presets
APCO P25 Analysis APCO P25 Analysis TIA-102 transmitter Tektronix measurement display(s) (value name if measurement different from TIA-102 measurement name) Phase 1 Phase 2 Frequency deviation P25 Summary (Freq Dev) HCPM Modulation ﬁdelity P25 Summary P25 Constellation Symbol rate accuracy...
Page 271: P25 Displays
NOTE. Changing analysis and display parameters recalculates the measurement results, but does not affect acquisitions. P25 Displays The displays in P25 Analysis (Setup > Displays > Measurements: P25 Analysis) are: MCPR P25 Constellation (see page 269) RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 272: P25 Measurements
Operating Frequency Accuracy (Phase 1 and Phase 2) The Operating Frequency Accuracy is the ability of the transmitter to operate on its assigned frequency. This measurement is presented as a scalar result in the P25 Summary display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 273 By default, only six adjacent channels (on either side) will be shown when 700 MHz band is analyzed in P25 (for visual clarity). However, analysis is done for all the ten channels and results will be available in the table just under the display. You can zoom out to see the remaining bands. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 274 The Limits tab in the P25 Summary Settings control panel allows you to compare the results against limits set for Pass/Fail. This measurement result is not shown in the P25 Summary display when Trigger measurements are selected. NOTE. Read about important information related to HCPM bursty data measurements here (see page 268). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 275 This applies only to inbound signals. This measurement result appears in the P25 Summary display. Common information. The following information applies to all of the measurements in the previous list. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 276 The P25 Power vs Time display shows marking from trigger point to 50% ramp point and also up to the Synchronization word for Transmitter Power and Encoder Attack Time. Frequency Dev vs Time can also be used to check for the synchronization word. The following image shows this measurement. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 277 Select Transmitter Frequency Behavior from the Trig Meas tab of the Settings control panel to get this measurement. This measurement can be done for On to Off and Off to On behaviors. Select which behavior to measure by selecting the desired behavior from the Transient Frequency drop down list that appears RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 278 ISCH pattern is looked for) and then by using the result to calculate tIB_sync using HCPM data (the SACCH pattern is looked for). The ﬁrst step is done by choosing Time Alignment (tOB_sync measurement) in the Trig Meas tab in the Settings control panel. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 279 Analysis Params tab in the Settings control panel. The absolute level of the off slot power is then calculated as P – (P – P ) dBm ONREL OFFREL RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 280: P25 Test Patterns
NOTE. Although this table gives the test patterns for measurements as recommended by the Standard, other measurement results are also be provided as additional information for a given test pattern. For example, Modulation Fidelity results can also be provided for High Deviation and Low Deviation test patterns. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 281 Can be used for measurements such as RF Output Power, Operating Frequency Accuracy, Modulation Fidelity, and ACPR Inbound Standard Tone Ch1 Can be used for measurements such as RF Output Power, Operating Frequency Accuracy, Modulation Fidelity, and ACPR Outbound Standard Tone Operational Frequency Accuracy RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 282 If you try to set the analysis length to less than 94 ms, the following status message will display: P25:HCPM:Minimum Analysis Length should be ≥ 94 ms. Most measurements that are required to be done on on slot regions are done centered at the on slot region of HCPM bursty data. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 283: P25 Constellation
8. Select the Test Patterns tab and select the desired test pattern as appropriate for the input signal. Elements of the Display The following image shows the P25 Constellation display set to IQ for a HDQPSK signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 284 APCO P25 Analysis P25 Constellation Display The following image shows the same signal as the previous image, but with the display set to Frequency Deviation. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 285: P25 Constellation Settings
Trig Meas (see page 294) Enables you to select from several different trigger measurements. P25 Eye Diagram Display The P25 Eye Diagram display shows a digitally modulated signal overlapped on itself to reveal variations in the signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 286 8. Select the Test Patterns tab and choose a test pattern appropriate for the input signal. Elements of the Display The following image shows the P25 Eye display with Trace Type set to IQ. The following image shows the P25 Eye display with Trace Type set to Freq Dev. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 287: P25 Eye Diagram Settings
Freq Error and Freq Offset is made from the Analysis Params tab in the Settings control panel. P25 Eye Diagram Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the P25 Eye Diagram display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 288: P25 Power Vs Time
6. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Modulation Type, and Measurement and Reference ﬁlters as appropriate for the input signal. 7. Select the Test Patterns tab and choose a test pattern appropriate for the input signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 289: P25 Power Vs Time Settings
For bursty signals: Power Info (Offslot Power and Power Envelope results) and Time Info. P25 Power vs Time Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the P25 Power vs Time display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 290: P25 Summary
Reference ﬁlters as appropriate for the input signal. 7. Select the Test Patterns tab and select a test pattern. The available test patterns in the drop down list depend of the standard and modulation type you have selected. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 291 The following image shows an example of the display for a Phase 1 C4FM signal. The following image shows an example of the display for a Phase 1 C4FM High Deviation signal. The following image shows an example of the display for a Phase 2 HCPM (Inbound) signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 292 APCO P25 Analysis P25 Summary Display The following image shows an example of the display for a Phase 2 HDQPSK (Outbound) signal. For more information about speciﬁc measurement results, see the P25 Measurements section here (see page 258). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 293: P25 Summary Settings
The P25 Symbol Table display shows decoded data values for each data symbol in the analyzed signal packet. To show the P25 Symbol Table display: 1. Press the Displays button or select Setup > Displays. 2. In the Select Displays dialog, select P25 Analysis in the Measurements box. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 294 (see page 258). The following image shows the P25 Symbol Table for C4FM (non-bursty) signals. For this signal type and for HDQPSK, there is no grouping into bursts and all symbols that are analyzed are shown. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 295: P25 Symbol Table Settings
The value shown here reﬂects the symbol you have selected (highlighted) in the display. Value Displays the value of the selected symbol. P25 Symbol Table Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the P25 Symbol Table display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 296: P25 Frequency Dev Vs Time Display
6. Select the Test Patterns tab and select a test pattern. The available test patterns in the drop down list depend of the standard and modulation type you have selected. Elements of the Display The following image shows the P25 Freq Dev vs Time display for Phase 1 C4FM (non-bursty) High Deviation signals. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 297 APCO P25 Analysis P25 Frequency Dev Vs Time Display The following image shows the P25 Freq Dev vs Time display for Phase 2 HCPM (bursty) signals. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 298: P25 Frequency Dev Vs Time Settings
Changing Frequency vs Time Display Settings (see page 284) P25 Frequency Dev Vs Time Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The Setup settings for P25 Frequency Dev vs. Time are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 299: P25 Analysis Shared Measurement Settings
The control panel tabs in this section are shared between the displays in P25 Analysis (Setup > Displays). Some tabs are shared by all the displays, some tabs are shared by only a subset of displays. The settings available on some tabs change depending on the selected display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 300 Speciﬁes the radix of the marker readout and whether elements of the graphs are displayed. Modulation Params Tab - P25 The Modulation Params tab speciﬁes the type of modulation used by the input signal and other parameters that deﬁne the signal format. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 301 RaisedCosine (Filter parameter 0.2) The measurement ﬁlter is applied before the demodulation bit is detected and the ideal reference is calculated. The reference ﬁlter is applied to the internally generated ideal reference signal before the modulation ﬁdelity is calculated. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 302 ﬁlter parameter. For ﬁlter types with no ﬁlter parameter, there is no ﬁlter parameter control present in the control panel. The recommended Reference ﬁlter for C4FM is Raised Cosine and the corresponding ﬁlter parameter for C4FM is 0.2. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 303 Speciﬁes the RF Output Power as recommended for transmitters. This is only used in the computation of off slot power in HCPM modulated signals. Analysis Time Tab - P25 The Analysis Time tab contains parameters that deﬁne how the signal is analyzed in the P25 Analysis displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 304 Meas tab of the Settings control panel, Time Zero Reference is forced to Trigger. Parameter Description Acquisition Start Time zero starts from the point at which acquisition begins. Trigger Time zero starts from the trigger point. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 305 Description Test Patterns Use this drop-down list to select an appropriate test pattern. The list varies depending on which standard and modulation type is selected. You can read more about test patterns here (see page 266). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 306 The Scale tab allows you to change the scale settings that control how the trace appears on the display but does not change control settings such as Measurement Frequency. There are three versions of the Scale tab for P25 displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 307 Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. Auto When Auto is checked, the scale and position values for the Symbols graph are automatically adjusted to maintain the optimal display. Reset Resets the vertical and horizontal settings. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 308 (see page 261). The following image shows the tab for Phase 1 (C4FM) signals. The following image shows the tab for Phase 1 (HCPM Inbound) signals. Description Settings Trigger Measurements Select the trigger measurement test. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 309 Shows or hides the readout for the selected marker in the graph area. (selected marker) Radix Speciﬁes how symbols are displayed in the Symbol Table display and in the Marker readout in the display. There are three choices for Radix: Binary (00,01,10,11), Quaternary (0,1,2,3), and Modulation Symbols (+1,+3,-1,-3). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 310 Speciﬁes the name of the measurement related to the limit. (Not editable.) Limit Speciﬁes the value of the limit to the related measurement. When the cell is selected, the value is shown along with the units. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 311: Audio Analysis
To display the Audio Spectrum display: 1. Press the Displays button or select Setup > Displays. This shows the Select Displays dialog box. 2. From the Measurements box, select Audio Analysis. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 312: Audio Spectrum Settings
Displays the threshold for detecting non-harmonic components. indicator Analysis results Display of the audio analysis results. Audio Spectrum Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The measurement settings for the Audio Spectrum display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 313: Audio Summary
Peak-Peak/2 Half peak-peak modulation excursion (where the modulation excursion readout depends on the signal type) RMS modulation excursion (where the modulation excursion readout depends on the signal type) SINAD Signal to noise and distortion RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 314: Audio Summary Settings
Hum & Noise measurement. Audio Analysis Measurement Settings The control panel tabs in this section are shared by the displays in the Audio Analysis folder (Setup > Displays). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 315 1/500 of the measurement bandwidth. To manually specify the RBW, uncheck Auto. The minimum RBW value is limited to the larger of 1 Hz or AudioBW/10000. The maximum is limited to AudioBW/100. RBW Filter Speciﬁes the windowing method used for the transform. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 316 40 kHz. So Audio Bandwidth should be set to 40 kHz. Using the equation: AudioBW(FM) = MAX( 8x5kHz, (10+5)kHz ) = MAX( 40 kHz, 15kHz) = 40 kHz The formula for PM is: AudioBW (PM) = MAX (MaxAudioAnalysisFreq, PMFreqDeviation+FundamentalFreq) RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 317 ﬁnal result is available, so each output is fully valid. However, with large Averaging values, acquisition record sizes and measurement times may become large, so care should be taken to select the minimum amount of averaging needed. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 318 4. If you select User from the drop-down list, enter a value in the text entry box that appears. To disable all ﬁltering: 1. Select the Pre-deﬁned Filters option button. 2. Deselect all four ﬁlter check boxes. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 319 5. Click the ... button and navigate to the location of the custom audio ﬁlter ﬁle you wish to use. Select the ﬁle you want to use and click Open. 6. Acquire a new trace or replay a saved ﬁle to see the effect of the custom ﬁlter. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 320 The Scale tab allows you to change the vertical and horizontal scale settings. Changing the scale settings changes how the trace appears on the display but does not change acquisition control settings. In effect, these controls operate like pan and zoom controls. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 321 Changes the frequency shown at the right side of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Left and Right settings to show the entire trace. Sets the graph horizontal axis to a logarithmic scale. Reset Scale Resets the Vertical and Horizontal settings to their default values. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 322 For AM, FM, and PM signal types, the RMS modulation value (related to Modulation Depth, Frequency Deviation or Phase Deviation) is captured and compared. The Diff measurement is: 20 x log (RMS(current)/RMS(Ref)) in dB. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 323 Sets the number of trace points used for marker measurements and for results export. Show Marker readout in graph Shows or hides the readout for the selected marker in the graph area. (selected marker) Show Non-Harm Threshold Shows or hides the non-harmonic threshold line. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 324 Audio Analysis Prefs Tab RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 325: Gp Digital Modulation
I & Q signals, EVM, Phase Error, Magnitude Error, and more. Modulation Measurements NOTE. A maximum of approximately 80,000 samples can be analyzed by the General Purpose Digital Modulation measurements (the actual value varies with modulation type). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 326: Constellation Display
2. From the Measurements box, select GP Digital Modulation. 3. Double-click the Constellation icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Constellation icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the Constellation display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 327: Constellation Settings
EVM Peak (%) and location, RMS (%). Plot Constellation graph. Changing Constellation Settings (see page 313) Constellation Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the Constellation view are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 328: Demod I & Q Vs Time
3. Double-click the Demod I&Q vs Time icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Demod I&Q vs Time icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the Demod I&Q vs Time display. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 329 Settings > Freq & BW (see page 341) tab. If Freq Error is displayed, it also indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is Auto. If Freq Offset is displayed, it indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is manual. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 330: Demod I & Q Vs Time Settings
The EVM vs. Time Display shows the Error Vector Magnitude plotted over Time. NOTE. A maximum of approximately 80,000 samples can be analyzed by the General Purpose Digital Modulation measurements (the actual value varies with modulation type). To show an EVM vs. Time display: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 331: Evm Vs Time Settings
Sets the length of time shown in the graph. Changing the EVM vs Time Display Settings (see page 317) EVM vs Time Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the EVM vs. Time display are shown in the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 332: Eye Diagram
2. From the Measurements box, select GP Digital Modulation. 3. Double-click the Eye Diagram icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Eye Diagram icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the Eye Diagram view. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 333 Displays the difference between the maximum and minimum measured values of the signal frequency during the Measurement Time. The displayed frequency error is followed by either Auto or Manual. This indicates the selected carrier frequency detection method (see Settings > Freq & BW). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 334: Eye Diagram Settings
3. Double-click the Frequency Deviation vs Time icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Frequency Deviation vs Time icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the Frequency Deviation vs Time view. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 335 Displays the difference between the maximum and minimum measured values of the signal frequency during the Measurement Time. The displayed frequency error is followed by either Auto or Manual. This indicates the selected carrier frequency detection method (see Settings > Freq & BW). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 336: Frequency Deviation Vs Time Settings
NOTE. A maximum of approximately 80,000 samples can be analyzed by the General Purpose Digital Modulation measurements (the actual value varies with modulation type). To display Magnitude Error vs. Time: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 337 Freq Error is the difference between the Center Frequency and the measured frequency of the signal being tested. This readout will be Freq Offset if the Freq Offset parameter on the Settings > Advanced Params (see page 344) tab is set to Manual. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 338: Magnitude Error Vs Time Settings
NOTE. A maximum of approximately 80,000 samples can be analyzed by the General Purpose Digital Modulation measurements (the actual value varies with modulation type). To show the Phase Error display: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 339 Peak and RMS readouts Displays the Peak value of the phase error and the time at which it occurred. Also displays the RMS value over the analysis length. Scale Sets the time spanned by the graph. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 340: Phase Error Vs. Time Settings
The Signal Quality display shows several measurements of signal quality. The measurements displayed depend on the modulation type. There is a set of measurements displayed for all modulation types except nFSK and C4FM. There is a second set of measurements displayed for nFSK and C4FM modulation types. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 341 GP Digital Modulation Signal Quality Display Signal Quality display for all modulation types except nFSK, C4FM, OQPSK, and SOQPSK Signal Quality display for OQPSK and SOQPSK modulation types RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 342 GP Digital Modulation Signal Quality Display Signal Quality display for nFSK modulation type Signal Quality display for C4FM modulation type RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 343 The normalized correlated power of the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 344 The normalized correlated power of the measured signal and the ideal reference signal. Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 345: Signal Quality Settings
NOTE. You might be able to save time conﬁguring the Signal Quality display by pressing the Standard Settings button from the Settings control panel. This allows you to select a preset optimized for a standard from the Select Standard dialog box. See Standard Settings Button. (see page 336) RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 346: Symbol Table
2. From the Measurements box, select GP Digital Modulation. 3. Double-click the Symbol Table icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Symbol Table icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the Symbol Table view. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 347: Symbol Table Settings
The Prefs tab enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. Trellis Diagram Display To show an Trellis Diagram display: 1. Press the Displays button or select Setup > Displays. This shows the Select Displays dialog box. 2. From the Measurements box, select GP Digital Modulation. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 348 Displays the difference between the maximum and minimum measured values of the signal frequency during the Measurement Time. The displayed frequency error is followed by either Auto or Manual. This indicates the selected carrier frequency detection method (see Settings > Freq & BW). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 349: Trellis Diagram Settings
Modulation Type for the Constellation Display, it also changes the Modulation type setting for the Signal Quality display. There are some controls that affect only the way an individual display presents its results, such as graph scaling. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 350: Standard Settings Button
GP Digital Modulation displays. All of the presets in the Standard Settings Dialog make the following settings: Analysis Length: Auto Points per Symbol: 4 Data Differential: No Burst Mode: Off Burst Detection Threshold: -10 dBc RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 351 Filter Parameter Enter a value used for deﬁning the Reference Filter. (Not present for some ﬁlter types) Modulation index (Present only for CPM modulation type) Modulation Type The modulation types that can be demodulated and analyzed are: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 352 ﬁlter is not practical for a selected modulation type, it is not presented as an available ﬁlter. To determine which ﬁlters are available, make certain that your desired modulation type is selected. See the following table. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 353 User IS-95TXEQ_MEA IS-95REF HDQPSK HDQPSK-P25 None RaisedCosine Gaussian User Rectangular (freq) SOQPSK None SOQPSK-MIL User SOQPSK-ARTM User None None User User 2FSK None None Gaussian Gaussian 4FSK RootRaisedCosine RaisedCosine 8FSK RaisedCosine User 16FSK Rectangular (freq) User RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 354 The communication channel can also include the hardware path the signal follows after (Tx) or before (Rx) digitizing; this would account for Tx/Rx hardware linear and non-linear distortion. Common examples of how these ﬁlters are used are shown below: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 355 The Freq & BW tab speciﬁes a group of settings that affect how measurements are made. Freq & BW tab with nFSK or C4FM modulation type selected and Frequency Error readout enabled (Auto selected) Freq & BW tab with SOQPSK modulation type selected and Frequency Offset enabled (Auto deselected) RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 356 Selecting the Mode When enabled, the Equalizer is in either Train mode or Hold mode. When the equalizer is in Train mode, it will update internal ﬁlter parameters whenever you adjust the Convergence, Taps/Symbol, Taps, or Length RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 357 NOTE. Changing the Taps/symbol or Taps values resets the equalizer. Using the Equalizer To use the equalizer: 1. Select and conﬁgure a GP Digital Modulation display. 2. Select Setup > Settings. 3. Select the Equalizer tab. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 358 <line3>Demod_Symbol_Rate_Sps 0 <line4>EQ_Samples_per_Symbol 0 <line5>Number_of_EQ_Taps_Following 0 Advanced Params Tab The Advanced Params tab speciﬁes additional parameters that control the demodulation of the signal. Advanced Params tab for modulation type nFSK Advanced Params tab for modulation type C4FM RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 359: Symbol Maps
To create a custom symbol map, you should make a copy of the default symbol map ﬁle, edit the copy to suit your needs, and save it with a new name. Guidance on how to edit the symbol map ﬁle is contained within the default symbol map ﬁle. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 360 ## (Resembles the shape of the constellation) 32QAM 00011 00010 00001 00000 01001 01000 00111 00110 00101 00100 01111 01110 01101 01100 01011 01010 10101 10100 10011 10010 10001 10000 11011 11010 11001 11000 10111 10110 11111 11110 11101 11100 32QAM RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 361 The settings values on this tab are the same as those on the main Analysis control panel for the instrument with the only difference being that Analysis Length can be set in either Seconds or Symbols in this location. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 362 (the actual value varies with modulation type). Time Zero Reference All time values are measured from this point (such as marker position or horizontal position (in Y vs Time displays). Choices are: Acquisition Start or Trigger. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 363 Note that some settings are not present for all modulation types and some settings are not present for all displays. Example trace tab for constellation display set to CPM modulation type Example trace tab for Demod I&Q display RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 364 4. Select Trace 2 from the Trace drop-down list. 5. Click the Show checkbox so that it is checked. 6. Specify the Content as desired. Trace 2 lines appear in blue to aid in distinguishing Trace 2 from Trace 1. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 365 The Units used for the horizontal scale can be either Seconds or Symbols. To set the units for the horizontal scale, display the Analysis Time tab. On the tab, select the appropriate units from the Units drop-down list. Prefs Tab The Prefs tab enables you to change appearance characteristics of the GP Digital Modulation displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 366: Symbol Maps
Adds EVM results in the display when enabled (Offset EVM is always displayed). Present results only in Signal Quality display and with SOQPSK and OQPSK modulation types only Symbol Maps This topic shows the symbol mapping for each digital modulation technique. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 367 π 5π/4 3π/2 7π/4 Pi/2 DBPSK Phase shift Symbol value (radians) (binary) +π/2 –π/2 DQPSK Phase shift Symbol value (radians) (binary) π/2 π 3π/2 Pi/4 DQPSK Phase shift Symbol value (radians) (binary) +π/4 +3π/4 –π/4 -3π/4 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 368 GP Digital Modulation Symbol Maps Phase shift Symbol value direction (binary) – RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 369 GP Digital Modulation Symbol Maps RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 370 GP Digital Modulation Symbol Maps RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 371: Overview: User Deﬁned Measurement And Reference Filters
3. Enter a name for the ﬁlter in one of the Name (editable) boxes. This name will appear in the drop-down list on the Modulation Params tab, prefaced with User. The maximum number of characters for the ﬁlter name is 20. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 372: User Filter File Format
A decimal number can be expressed by ﬁxed point or ﬂoating point. For example, 0.01 and 1.0E-2 are both valid. “0” (zero) and “,0” (comma zero) can be omitted. For example, “1.5,0”, “1.5,”, and “1.5” are equivalent. Lines with only a comma and blank lines are skipped. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 373 0.130455,0 -0.0151973,0 -0.0263419,0 -0.157502,0 -0.0246357,0 -0.0280807,0 -0.0971877,0 -0.0971877,0 -0.0280807,0 -0.0246357,0 -0.157502,0 -0.0263419,0 -0.0151973,0 0.130455,0 -0.181776,0 -0.0209294,0 0.286147,0 -0.174718,0 -0.0136498,0 0.0194761,0 0.455249,0 -0.143898,0 -0.0062255,0 0.0405144,0 0.623332,0 -0.0984502,0 0.0594205,0 0.774975,0 -0.047715,0 0.0720253,0 0.895591,0 0.0743803,0 0.973215,0 0.0383599,0 0.063548,0 0.063548,0 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 374 4.37E-07,0 1.39E-07,0 0.172989,0 0.172989,0 1.39E-07,0 4.37E-07,0 0.25,0 0.114626,0 4.21E-08,0 1.32E-06,0 0.345977,0 0.0727328,0 1.23E-08,0 3.81E-06,0 0.458502,0 0.0441942,0 3.42E-09,0 1.06E-05,0 0.581862,0 0.0257149,0 9.11E-10,0 2.80E-05,0 0.707107,0 0.0143282,0 2.33E-10,0 7.10E-05,0 0.822878,0 0.00764509,0 0.000172633,0 0.917004,0 0.00390625,0 0.000401796,0 0.978572,0 0.00191127,0 0.000895512,0 0.000895512,0 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 375: Using Markers
Delta Marker Readout Power Marker Readout DPX Bitmap Marker Readout The following table shows the appearance of the marker indicators as they appear on the trace. Whichever marker is active will appear as a solid diamond. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 376: Controlling Markers With The Touchscreen Actions Menu
Moves the selected marker to the next peak. Choices are Next left, Next right, Next lower (absolute), and Next higher (absolute). Add marker Deﬁnes a new marker located at the horizontal center of the graph. Delete marker Removes the last added marker. All markers off Removes all markers. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 377: Measuring Frequency And Power In The Spectrum Display
8. Read the frequency and power level of the marker position on the display. 9. Read the signal density, frequency, and power level of the marker position on the display. 10. If Power markers are selected, read the point power density and the integrated power density. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 378: Marker Action Controls
When Readouts is set to Delta, each delta marker (M1-M4) readout displays both the marker's position on the trace and the difference between its position and the position of the Reference Marker (MR). When Readouts RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 379 6. Click the close button to remove the Deﬁne Markers control panel. Deﬁning Peaks You can specify two amplitude values that deﬁne peaks. For the DPX display, you can also deﬁne peaks based on signal density characteristics. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 380: Using The Markers Toolbar
Select Marker Toolbar to display or hide the Marker Toolbar in the application window. The Marker Toolbar enables you to operate existing markers or deﬁne new markers. Enabling a marker or adjusting the position of a marker automatically opens the Markers toolbar. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 381: Measuring Noise Using Delta Markers In The Spectrum Display
However, the delta marker values are converted to dBm/Hz, and then a difference value, in dBc/Hz, is calculated between each delta measurement and the reference. Measuring Noise To measure noise on a Spectrum trace: RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 382 (M1, M2, M3 or M4) by clicking on it or pressing the front-panel Select button until it is selected. The following image shows the Spectrum display with a Delta Marker. The following image shows the Spectrum display with Power Markers. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 383: Mask Testing
The following image shows the Deﬁne tab with is great than selected. After you select that test, you will enter the desired signal level. The procedure is the same if you select is less than. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 384 Use the text entry box to specify the signal level you wish to test for. While not as ﬂexible as mask testing, this type of test is quicker to set up. The following ﬁgure shows the results of an is greater than test. The vertical red bar highlights results that match the test deﬁnition. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 385 When you select is outside mask or is inside mask, an Edit limits button is displayed. Click the Edit limits button to display the Mask Test Editor window. To set up and save mask test limits for a test. Perform the following procedure to set up a test using the mask limits. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 386 Click in the desired location on the plot to add the point. To use the auto draw feature to automatically place points on the chosen mask, enable the desired mask from the drop-down menu and then click the Auto draw button. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 387 The following ﬁgure shows the results of a Spectrum is outside mask test with Upper Mask enabled. The vertical red bar highlights results that have exceeded the test limits. The shaded region shows the mask area. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 388 The following ﬁgure shows the results of a failing Noise Figure is outside mask test with Lower Mask and Upper Mask enabled. The red area highlights the area of failure, which occurs at the lower mask. Markers are also in use. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 389: Actions Tab
When one of the AutoSave actions is enabled, the name of the saved ﬁle is automatically incremented even if the Automatically generate ﬁlenames option (Tools > Options > Save and Export) is not enabled. When the ﬁle is saved, it will be saved to C:\<instrument name>Files\. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 390 Mask Testing Actions Tab RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 391: Analyzing Data
Speciﬁes the measurement frequency (center frequency). Units (see page 382) Speciﬁes the Power units for all displays. Analysis Time Tab The Analysis Time tab contains parameters that deﬁne the portion of the acquisition record that is used for analysis. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 392 The analysis offset is measured from this point. Choices are: Acquisition Start or Trigger Point. Parameter Description Acquisition Start Offset is measured from the point at which acquisition begins. Trigger Point Offset is measured from the trigger point. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 393: Spectrum Time Tab
The Frequency tab speciﬁes two frequency values: the Measurement Frequency and the Spectrum Center Frequency. The Measurement Frequency is the frequency at which most displays take measurements. The Spectrum Center Frequency is the center frequency used by the Spectrum, DPX Spectrum, Spectrogram and Time Overview displays. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 394 When the Spectrum Center Frequency is unlocked from the Measurement Frequency, you can adjust the Measurement Frequency so that measurements can be taken at different frequencies without resetting the center frequency. The following screen capture shows the magenta-colored measurement frequency indicator still located at the center frequency. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 395 Measurement Frequency indicator. The width of the box indicates the widest measurement bandwidth in use among the open displays. You can see how the width of this box changes with the measurement bandwidth by, in this example, adjusting the Measurement BW setting for the Constellation RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 396: Units Tab
Units Tab The Units tab speciﬁes the global Amplitude units for all the views in the analysis window. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 397: Replay Overview
Note that what constitutes a data record can vary. If FastFrame is not enabled, a data record consists of a single acquisition. If FastFrame is enabled, each acquisition can contain multiple frames, and a data record consists of a single frame. Without FastFrame enabled With FastFrame enabled RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 398: Replay Menu
Replays the sequence of records speciﬁed by Start and Stop on the Select data records tab continuously. Replay current record Replays the currently selected acquisition (or frame). Replay from selected Displays a submenu that you use to specify which records are to be replayed. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 399: Acq Data
Select Replay from selected to replay records as selected from the submenu. The records replayed can be from the acquisition memory (history) or from a saved acquisition data ﬁle that has already been recalled as the current acquisition data. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 400: Pause
Replay Toolbar Displays or hides the Replay toolbar that appears below the main tool bar. Replay toolbar Item Description Replay Replays the ﬁrst record in the selected set. Replays the previous record in the selected set. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 401 All data records in the acquisition history were acquired with identical parameters. When any of these parameters are changed, all records in history are deleted as soon as the ﬁrst record acquired under the new parameter values is received. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 402 Analyzing Data Replay Toolbar RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 403: Amplitude Corrections
Creating an External Loss Table You can create an external loss table with the analyzer application. No external application is required. To create an external loss table: 1. Click Edit. to display the Table Editor. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 404 External loss tables are saved in CSV (Comma Separated Value) format. Loading an External Loss Table To load an external loss table ﬁle: 1. Click Edit to display the Table Editor. 2. Click Load to display the Open dialog box. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 405 Amplitude Corrections External Gain/Loss Correction Tab 3. Navigate to the location of the desired ﬁle, select it and click Open. 4. Click OK. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 406 Amplitude Corrections External Gain/Loss Correction Tab RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 407: Managing Data, Settings, And Pictures
1. Select Recall from the File menu to open the Open dialog box. 2. Navigate to the folder containing the ﬁle you want to recall. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 408: Data, Settings, And Picture File Formats
Saving Acquisition Data Export in CSV Format Save for examining results in other programs, such as MATLAB or Excel. Data, Settings, and Picture File Formats You can save different types of data for later recall and analysis. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 409 ﬁle. Groups of settings or results are headed with [text], as described below. At the top of the ﬁle is the measurement name and the date and time data was acquired. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 410 The acquisition data ﬁles have two sections. At the top of the ﬁle is the following information: SamplingFrequency - The sampling frequency in Hertz. NumberSamples - The number of IQ samples in the ﬁle. DateTime - When the data was acquired. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 411 Matlab will warn the user. To check how much acquisition memory is ﬁlled, select Setup > Acquire > Sampling Parameters. When the instrument is stopped, or you are analyzing a recalled data ﬁle, you can ﬁnd the acquisition length under File > Acquisition Data Info. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 412: Printing Screen Shots
1. Select File > Print. 2. Select File > Print Preview if you wish to review the screen shot before sending it to the printer. 3. Select File > Print to print the ﬁle to a printer. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 413: Online Help
Prints the selected display. Print Preview (see page 402) Displays a preview of the print output. Recall Menu Bar: File > Recall Application Toolbar: Use the Recall command to load previously saved acquisition data, setups or trace data. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 414 Save acquisition data records in a ﬁle format that can be used by other programs. Acquisition data can be saved in either comma-separated-variable format or MATLAB format. Data, Settings, and Picture File Formats (see page 394). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 415 Menu Bar: File > Print Print displays the Windows Print dialog box for printing a screen capture of the display. To save ink when printing, use the Colors tab to set the color scheme. See Options Settings (see page 26). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 416: View Menu
The Status Bar displays information on speciﬁc instrument settings. It contains only status information; it does not display any error information. The Status bar has no controls. It can be hidden. Elements of the Status Bar Run Status Indicators Indicator Description RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 417: Replay Menu
The Presets menu provides you access to instrument presets and preset options. Command Description Preset Options Displays a control panel where you can conﬁgure options for Presets. Tools Menu Provides access to several utilities for controlling instrument functions. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 418: Window Menu
Acq BW too small for current setup The display needs a wider acquisition bandwidth than what the current data record contains. This can be due to any of the following reasons: The sampling parameters are being manually controlled. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 419 The Average Transmitted Power measurement is not deﬁned for Volts. Can't get acquisition data record No acquisition record currently exists in memory (run an acquisition or recall a ﬁle), or an error has occurred. Repeat the acquisition. Can't replay data from swept acq RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 420 Select the display showing this message to give it control of acquisitions parameters. Sometimes, only one display can work and the others will be blank and show errors. This happens when different displays have conﬂicting demands on the acquisition data record. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 421 If you are using two recalled traces to generate the Math trace. You must recreate at least one of the traces. No burst detected Burst Detection Mode (see page 347) is On, but no burst was detected in the signal. Check that the Threshold setting is properly set. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 422 The measurement is not running because the actual RBW used by the measurement is too large for the current acquisition span. Typically, the analysis length is too short as well. Either increase the span or increase the Analysis Length. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 423 An error occurred while saving a Setup or Data ﬁle. Save the ﬁle again. Saving acquisition data This is a status message displayed while data is being saved to a ﬁle. Selected VBW does not use full Spectrum Length RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 424: Displaying The Windows Event Viewer
Length to Auto or manually increase it (see Setup > Analysis > Analysis Time tab). Displaying the Windows Event Viewer When the analyzer generates an error message, information about the error is logged to the Windows Event Viewer. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 425: How To Find Out If Software Upgrades Are Available
How to Find Out if Software Upgrades are Available Software upgrades might be available can be downloaded from the Tektronix Web site. To see if a software upgrade is available for your product, use your browser to go to www.tektronix.com/software.
Page 426: Settings
Reference Settings To add additional software options or features, you will need an option key from Tektronix. In some instances, you may need to upgrade the product software before adding the new option key. Follow the installation instructions provided with your software option.
Page 427 Settling Time Settings (see page 127) Signal Quality Settings (see page 331) Spectrogram Settings (see page 53) Spectrum Settings (see page 49) Symbol Table Settings (see page 333) Time Overview Settings (see page 43) Trellis Diagram Settings (see page 335) RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 428 Reference Settings RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 429 A series of time-contiguous frames. This is also called a Block. Analysis Length The length of time in the Analysis Time. Analysis Time The portion of the acquisition record over which one or more measurements are calculated. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 430 The electrical signal, typically a sine wave, upon which modulation is impressed. Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N) The ratio of carrier signal power to average noise power in a given bandwidth surrounding the carrier; usually expressed in decibels. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 431 When Best for multiple windows is selected in the Amplitude control panel's RF & IF Optimization control, none of the measurement displays shows a checkmark, as there is not a single optimized measurement. CISPR International special committee on radio interference. (Comité international spécial des perturbations radioélectriques) Acronym for Continuous Wave. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 432 A unit to express voltage levels in decibels referenced to 1 millivolt. dBuV A unit to express voltage levels in decibels referenced to 1 microvolt. Decibel Ten times the logarithm of the ratio of one electrical power to another. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 433 Save data to a ﬁle in a format other than application-native. FastFrame FastFrame segments the acquisition record into a series of frames and then captures acquisitions as single frames. You can then view and measure each frame individually. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 434 The continuous range of frequencies extending between two limiting frequencies, expressed in hertz. Frequency Domain View The representation of the power of the spectral components of a signal as a function frequency; the spectrum of the signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 435 Acronym for General Purpose Interface Bus, the common name for the communications interface system deﬁned in IEEE Std. 488. Graticule The calibrated grid overlaying the display screen of analyzers, oscilloscopes, and other test instruments. Grayed Out An on-screen control is “Grayed Out” if it is not adjustable. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 436 LISN Acronym for Line Impedance Stabilization Network. Local Oscillator (LO) An oscillator which produces the internal signal that is mixed with an incoming signal to produce the IF signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 437 Modulate To regulate or vary a characteristic of a signal, typically in order to transmit information. Modulating Signal The signal which modulates a carrier. The signal which varies or regulates some characteristic of another signal. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 438 Bring data into the application from a ﬁle of application-native format. OQPSK Acronym for Offset QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying). Phase Settling Time The time measured from a reference point to when the signal of interest settles to within user-deﬁned tolerance. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 439 Real-Time Bandwidth The frequency span over which real-time seamless capture can be performed, which is a function of the digitizer and the IF bandwidth of a Real-Time Signal Analyzer. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 440: Glossary
Setup > Analysis > Units tab determine whether the measurement is presented in Watts or Volts. Volts are shown for linear units (for example, volts or amps); Watts are shown for non-linear units (for example, watts or dBm). RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 441 DelNeg = Delta Negative in Volts (this is a positive value) RefNeg = Reference Negative in Volts The Ripple measurement, in Volts, is calculated as follows: Where: RatioPosV = DelPos/RefPos RatioNegV = DelNeg/RefNeg Secondary Marker The “second” marker displayed only in the Delta Marker mode. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 442 Frequency difference represented by each major horizontal division of the graticule. Spectrogram Frequency vs. time vs. amplitude display where the frequency is represented on the x-axis and time on the y-axis. The power level is indicated by variations in color. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 443 A response to a analyzer wherein the displayed frequency is not related to the input frequency. Time Measurement This is the time in seconds relative to the time reference point in the ﬁrst acquisition record in the data set. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 444 A violation is a spur that exceeds either an Absolute or Relative limit (depending on the selected mask) speciﬁed on the Settings > Limits tab. A spur is a signal peak that exceeds a user-deﬁnable threshold (See Spurious > Settings > Ranges) and excursion setting. RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 445 Auto button (Alignments Audio Summary display, 299 AM display, 75 dialog), 19 carrier signal, 416 AM measurements, 37 automatically generate carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N), 416 Amplitude control panel, 389 ﬁlenames, 26 CCDF, 33 Amplitude vs. Time display, 57 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 446 Equalizer tab, 342 interactions between, 31 dBfs, 418 Equalizer tab OFDM Channel dBm, 418 GP Digital Modulation Response, 189 dBmV, 418 displays, 342 OFDM Constellation, 192 dBuV, 418 error message OFDM EVM, 193 Windows Event Viewer, 410 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 447 421 FM, 420 import, 422 measuring, 124 FM display, 81 Impulse Response Amplitude, 40 Frequency Settling Time FM measurements, 37 Impulse Response setting, 247 display, 119 frame, 420 Impulse Response Time, 40 Information messages, 404 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 448 Max Phase Error, 40 OFDM Analysis Frequency tab, 380 Max trace points, 62 displays, 207 Settling Time displays, 135 P25 Analysis displays, 286 Audio Spectrum display, 307 MCPR WLAN Analysis Log (Horizontal) P25, 38 displays, 179 Spectrum display, 50 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 449 110 Peak Excursion, 364 Overshoot settings, 249 Occupied BW display, 108 Peak FSK err, 37 Overview tab, 227 OFDM Channel Response Peak Mag Err, 37 display, 189 Peak Power, 39 settings, 191 Peak Threshold, 364 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 450 Pulse-Pulse Phase Difference, 39 Equalizer tab, 342 AM display, 81 pulses residual FM (incidental FM), 426 FM display, 89 how many can be residual response, 426 General Signal Viewing analyzed, 245 results Displays, 72 saving, 393 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 451 OFDM Channel Settled Frequency P25 Analysis displays, 292 Response, 189 deﬁnition, 114 Phase Noise display, 96 OFDM Constellation, 193 Settled Phase Pulsed RF displays, 253 OFDM EVM, 194 deﬁnition, 115 RF Measurements OFDM Flatness, 196 displays, 151 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 452 Spectrogram display settings, 53 displays, 184 Frequency Settling Time, 128 spectrum, 429 Traces tab, 233 Test For, 370 spectrum analysis, 429 General Signal Viewing Test Patterns tab spectrum analyzer, 429 displays, 66 P25 Analysis displays, 291 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...
Page 453 155 Spectrum display BW tab, 69 settings, 155 Y Factor display, 222 Units tab, 382 WLAN Constellation Y Factor display settings, 223 User Filters display, 158 YouTube ﬁle format, 358 settings, 159 Tektronix channel, 5 RSA5100A Series Printable Help...