1.3 Supported Products Chapter 1: Overview This manual covers the following Altum AC models: A600‐EXT‐US (External Connectors) 1.1 Introduction A600‐19‐US (Internal 19 dBi Antenna) A600‐25‐US (Internal 25 dBi Antenna) This user manual covers the operation of the Altum AC wireless radio user interface. The radio can be 1.4 System Requirements operated as a point‐to‐point (PtP) system, a point to multipoint (PmP) system, or a point to point with 2.4 Operating System: Microsoft Windows XP, Windows GHz Wifi hotspot. The radio settings and mode of Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Linux, or Mac OS X. operation are controlled with a web based user Web Browser: Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Apple interface that is run from any standard web browser. Safari, or Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 or above. This manual is organized the same way as presented on the radio web interface. After the Login and 1.5 Getting Started Language sections, the following sections correspond to the top‐level tabs: Status, System, Services, and Before establishing a link several parameters must be Network. The last section contains the Final Notes configured using the web interface. To access the web which include troubleshooting information. interface, perform the following steps: The Figure below shows the access panel of the unit 1. Connect the local area network (LAN) port of with the various user interfaces annotated for the radio to the PoE port of the PoE Injector reference. using a Cat5e Ethernet cable. Plug the PoE into ...
1.7 Buttons and Changes The buttons are described below. Reset: Undo the changes. Save: Saves the changes. Currently please do not use this button. Save & Apply: Saves and applies the changes. Please use this button instead of the 'Save' button so that the changes would be applied immediately. It is Figure 2: The login page is presented upon recommended to click this button before moving to a requesting the radio's IP address. different page. The default credentials are: Logout: Logs out of the radio's web page. Username: admin Password: trango Note: At the top right corner of the radio's 1.6 Operating Modes configuration web page, there may be either of the following texts displayed. The radio can operate in the following modes: Changes: 0: Means that all changes on the 1. Access Point / Master. configuration web page have been applied to the 2. Station / Client. radio. 3. Access Point WDS. Unsaved Changes: Shows the number of changes that 4. Station WDS. have not yet been implemented in FLASH via the Save & Apply button. A wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a broad area. The world's most popular WAN is the Internet. ...
2.1.1 Wireless Radio Mode Chapter 2: Status Tab The wireless radio frequency band, supported modes, and current mode are shown in the box on the left After login, when you click on the Status top‐level tab, e.g. “5 GHz 802.11ac/an Radio”. The mode can be AP you can see the second‐level tabs of Overview, or CPE and is set based on the Wifi Configuration. For Routes, System Log, Realtime Graphs, and Hotspot all models the 5 GHz radio refers to SMA RP Users. This is shown in Figure 2. connectors. The “2.4 GHz 802.11bgn Radio” refers to the N connectors on the unit. Figure 4: Wireless Radio Mode The word AP in the small callout box means that the radio is operating in the Access Point (AP) mode. If the callout is CPE, it means that the radio is operating as customer‐premises equipment (CPE) i.e. a station. The Letter X is shown if the radio is disabled. 2.1.2 Wireless (for AP Mode) Figure 3: The Status → Overview page. The Wireless section in the Status → Overview page shows a summary of the wireless parameters. The Notice in the figure that the radio is using the latest following describes the parameters when the device and fastest 11ac wireless standard that supports a is in the AP mode. data rate of up to 866.7 Mbit/s over the air, which translates to over 600 Mbps Layer 2 Ethernet capacity. 2.1 Overview Figure 5: A summary in the Wireless section for a The Status → Overview page is divided into the device operating as an 802.11ac access point. sections Wireless, Associated Stations, System, ...
Mode: This is 'Master' if the device is in AP mode or BSSID: This is the MAC address of the AP's radio. AP WDS mode. Encryption: Displays the wireless encryption used. Channel: Shows the channel number and frequency ACK Timeout: Shows the maximum acknowledgment that this AP is using. time in microseconds. Bitrate: This is the maximum bitrate supported by the DFS Status: If DFS is enabled, the AP automatically radio in the current configuration. switches channel if radar is detected on the current BSSID: This is the MAC address of the AP's radio. This channel. MAC should be used for PTP modes on the peer radio. TX‐CCQ: Displays the transmission quality in %. A Encryption: Displays the wireless encryption used. higher percentage means a better wireless connection quality. ACK Timeout: Shows the maximum acknowledgment time in microseconds. RX Rate: Shows the receive bit rate of this station. DFS Status: If DFS is enabled, the AP automatically TX Rate: Shows the transmit bit rate of this station. switches channel if radar is detected on the current channel. 2.1.4 Associated Stations (for AP Mode) 2.1.3 Wireless (for Station Mode) This section shows the connected devices, if the radio is in the AP mode. The following describes the parameters for a device operating in Station mode. Figure 7: List of Associated Stations. If there are no associated stations, the text “No information available” is displayed. The parameters Figure 6: A summary in the Wireless section for a ...
dBm. The value of 33 dBm is taken to mean “no antenna” if the radio has only 2 antennas. Noise: Displays the received noise power at the AP. TX Rate: Shows the transmit bit rate from the AP towards this station. RX Rate: Shows the receive bit rate at the AP from this station. TX‐CCQ: Indicates the wireless connection quality. Figure 10: Network summary. Status: Shows summaries of the interfaces for the 2.1.5 System LAN and WAN zones. This may include uptime, MAC address, protocol, bytes and packets received by the This section shows the (Radio Unit) Name, Model, device, bytes and packets transmitted by the device, Firmware Version, Kernel Version, and Local Time. and its IPv4 address. 2.1.8 DHCP Leases This section shows a table of MAC and IP addresses of connected computers with static DHCP leases. They Figure 8: System parameters. are specified in the Network → Interfaces → LAN → Static Leases section of the device's configuration web page. More explanation is given in the Network 2.1.6 Memory section of this user manual on page 26. Here, the Total Available and Free memory are shown. Figure 11: Currently active static DHCP leases. Figure 9: Total Available and Free Memory. 2.1.9 Link Status (for Station Mode) 2.1.7 Network This section only applies if the device operates as an ...
In the Link Status section on the Status → Overview web page, the value in the top left box denotes the current received signal strength e.g. ‐40 dBm. The box directly below it shows the current TX‐CCQ (transmission client connection quality) e.g. 100 %. The bottom left box shows a realtime graph of the received signal strength over the last 60 seconds. The box directly to its right shows a realtime graph of the TX‐CCQ over the past 60 seconds. On the right of this section, there are 2 vertical bars. Figure 14: The Status → System Log page. Each bar shows the current received signal strength of each antenna e.g. ‐44 dBm, and ‐41 dBm. These 2.4 Realtime Graphs represent the H and V antenna polarizations for streams 1 and 2. Under the tab for Realtime Graphs, there are four tabs titled Load, Traffic, Wireless, and Connection. 2.2 Routes 2.4.1 Load When you click on the Status → Routes tab, you will see the page that shows the routing rules that are currently active on the device. Figure 13: The Status → Routes page. Figure 15: The graph for Realtime Load. ARP: This address resolution protocol (ARP) table shows the IP address and corresponding MAC address of each device on the network. Active IPv4‐Routes: This table shows the IPv4 gateway and network ID (Target) for each subnet. 2.3 System Log When you click on this tab, you can see the log of system messages. Altum AC 600 User Manual ...
2.4.2 Traffic 2.4.4 Connections Figure 18: The graph for Realtime Connections. Figure 16: The graph for Realtime Traffic. Note: that Right Port is the LAN port, and the Left Port is the WAN Port. 2.4.3 Wireless Figure 17: The graph for Realtime Wireless. 12 LT‐9064 Rev A A ltum AC 600 User Manual ...
Logging Chapter 3: System Tab This section is about the System top‐level tab. Under this tab, there is a row of tabs for Administration, Services, SNMP, LED Configuration, Backup/Flash Firmware, and Reboot. This can be seen in Figure 19. Figure 20: Changing the system properties for Logging. Logging: Specifies parameters used for the system log, such as System log buffer size, External system log server, External system log server port, Log output level, and Cron Log Level. Language Figure 21: Modifying the Language Figure 19: The System top‐level tab. Language and Style: Lets you choose the language of the radio's web pages. Within the System page, you can configure the device parameters such as the hostname and timezone. 3.1.2 Time Synchronization 3.1.1 System Properties Enable NTP client: Obtains the date and time from specified Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers. Within the section on System Properties, there are tabs corresponding to General Settings, Logging, and NTP server candidates: These are the sources of the Language and Style. time information. At least three are recommended for accurate time synchronization. General Settings Local Time: Displays the local time according to the Timezone. Hostname: Configures the name of the device. Figure 22: Time Synchronization settings. ...
Interface: Lets the radio listen on a given interface or 3.2 Administration all interfaces. Within the System → Administration page, you can Port: Specifies the listening port, the default being 22. configure the radio Password, SSH, Telnet, Web, and FTP settings. Password authentication: Allows SSH password authentication. 3.2.1 Password Allow root logins with password: This is enabled by default. Gateway ports: Allow remote hosts to connect to local SSH forwarded ports. 3.2.3 Telnet Figure 23: Setting the radio password. Password: Allows changing the password, the default being trango. Figure 25: Telnet settings in the System → Administration page. Confirmation: Requires you to re‐enter the password. Telnet: Provides administrator tools for controlling 3.2.2 SSH the device or network debugging, over an unencrypted connection. It is recommended to use the web interface for normal setup and monitoring operations, and use Telnet only for debugging if needed. Port: Specifies the listening port, the default being 23. 3.2.4 Web Figure 24: SSH settings in the System → Administration page. ...
Port: Specifies the listening port, the default being 80 Auto Reboot: Allows the radio to reboot itself for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS. automatically, disabled by default. Mode: Chooses the Auto Reboot mode By Time or By 3.3 Services Number of Hours. In the System → Services page, you can configure the Time: Sets the time of day to reboot if the Mode is By Ping Watchdog and the Auto Reboot. Time. Number of Hours: Sets the delay as an integer 3.3.1 Ping Watchdog number of hours after each reboot, if the Mode is By Number of Hours. 3.4 SNMP The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet‐standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks. It consists of a set of standards for Figure 27: Ping Watchdog settings in the System → network management, including an application layer Services page. protocol, a database schema, and a set of data objects. SNMP exposes management data in the form Ping Watchdog: Configures the device to ping to a of variables on the managed systems, which describe remote IP address and reboot if the connection is lost. the system configuration. These variables can then be It is disabled by default. queried (and sometimes set) by managing applications. IP Address to Ping: Sets the remote IP address to ping e.g. 192.168.1.10 or 8.8.8.8. In the System → SNMP Page, you can configure SNMP V2c and SNMP V3. Ping Interval: Specifies the time between successive pings, the default being 5 seconds. ...
3.4.2 SNMP Configuration Trap General Settings Figure 30: SNMP trap configuration. Enable SNMP Trap: Allows the SNMP agent to notify the SNMP manager of events. SNMP Trap IP Address: Sets the IP address of the SNMP manager which receives the trap messages. Figure 29: General settings for SNMP. SNMP Trap Port: Sets the port number. Enable SNMP: Enables SNMP. 3.5 LED Configuration SNMP V2c Read Password: Sets the community string The System → LED Configuration page customizes the for read‐only access (to the variables on the SNMP behaviour of the LEDs. agent) by the network management system (NMS). The NMS is the software which runs on the SNMP Signal strength indicator interface: Chooses the manager. (default: public) Wireless radio to use based on the wireless network name. SNMP V2c Write Password: Sets the community string for read‐write access by the SNMP manager. Signal strength indicator LEDs: Sets the received (default: private) signal strength thresholds (in dBm) above which LEDs #1 to #4 would light up. A community string identifies a group of SNMP agents. It is sent in clear text. It should be changed from the default string “public” or “private”. The variables on the SNMP agent can be classified into read‐only or read‐write variables. SNMP V3 Username: Sets the username for authentication. (default: admin) Figure 31: Signal strength indicator LEDs and their SNMP V3 Auth Algorithm: Shows the authentication ...
Firmware: Shows the current version of the firmware 3.6 Physical Hardware Button and allows you to upload a new firmware. There is a physical button on the radio unit which is located to the left of the access port through a tiny 3.8 Reboot hole. Use a paperclip to set the action desired. Depending on how long the button is pressed, you Perform reboot: Reboots the operating system of can reboot the board or reset it to factory default. your device. This is similar to the power‐off and First make sure then power is on. The following table power‐on cycle. The system configuration remains the shows the duration of the button press and the same. Any changes that are not applied are lost. corresponding action. Duration of button press Action 0 ‐ 3 seconds reboot 4 ‐ 30 seconds reset to factory default more than 30 seconds do nothing 3.7 Backup/Flash Firmware The System → Backup/Flash Firmware page lets you perform backup and restore, or flash a new firmware. 3.7.1 Backup/Restore Download backup: Generate archive: Downloads a tar archive of the current configuration files. Note: The backup archive file should be stored in a safe place because it contains the wireless password in clear text. Reset to defaults: Perform reset: Resets the firmware ...
Username: Sets the username registered for the DDNS service. Chapter 4: Services Tab Password: Sets the password registered for the DDNS The Services top‐level tab contains the configuration service. pages for Dynamic DNS, Hotspot, and Discovery. Source of IP Address: Configures the source of the IP address information. The default is URL. 4.1 Dynamic DNS URL: Sets the URL of the source of the IP address The domain name system (DNS) translates a URL like information e.g. http://checkip.dyndns.com/. www.yahoo.com to an IP address like 206.190.36.45. Check for changed IP every: The default is to check Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows the with the public IP the IP address every 1 minute. address to be reached from the internet via a URL even if its IP address is dynamically changing. Force update every: The default is to force update every 72 hours. 4.2 Hotspot The Hotspot service allows you to control the access and usage of the Internet by connected devices. 4.2.1 Setting up the Connections The following subsections contain advice on configuring the 2.4 GHz radio to implement the hotspot. It is recommended to configure the LAN, Wifi, and WAN, then test it before enabling the hotspot setting. LAN Interface: DHCP Server It is recommended to enable the DHCP server, Figure 32: The Services → Dynamic DNS page. because network address translation (NAT) occurs between the WAN zone and the LAN zone. To do this, Enable: Enables the dynamic DNS. ...
If the DHCP server is left disabled, it is still possible for 4.2.2 Setting up the Hotspot devices to connect to the hotspot. Each device would need a unique static IP address on the same subnet as The hotspot can then be set up and enabled either by this hotspot . Set the default gateway and DNS server using the AP itself or by using a Compex Access Point for the device both to be the IP address of this Controller (APc). hotspot . The following sections show the Hotspot settings It is not necessary to set the hotspot radio's default available in the AP's web page. gateway and DNS server in the Network → Interfaces → LAN page. This information is obtained 4.2.3 General Settings automatically from the WAN interface. By clicking on the Services → Hotspot tab, you can see Wifi Settings the general settings. The wireless networks should be set up to allow any user to access the Internet, assuming that the hotspot is not yet enabled. WAN Interface: Physical Settings The hotspot has no effect if there is no WAN interface. To use the hotspot, please set the WAN interface in the Network → Interfaces → WAN (Edit) → Physical Settings. The WAN interface should be the zone where the Internet access is available. It could be one of the Ethernet adapters or one of the wireless networks. All interfaces other than the WAN interface are considered as in the LAN zone. Any user Figure 33: The Services → Hotspot page. in the LAN zone would see the hotspot login page after the hotspot is set up. Enable Hotspot: Turns on the hotspot service. You may wish to enable the hotspot after all the settings Test Internet Connection ...
• Agreement (Radius Required) Walled Garden (Domain): Shows a comma separated list of resources the client can access without first • Password (Radius Required) authenticating. Each entry in the list is a domain name. Do not put www in the domain name. For • Agreement (Radius not Required) example, “google.com” is a good domain name, “www.google.com” is not acceptable. The default is • Password (Radius not Required) “coova.org”. Login Page Title: Sets the title shown on the Login Walled Garden (IP Address): Shows a comma Page e.g. “Trango HotSpot”. separated list of resources the client can access without first authenticating. Each entry in the list is a Idle Timeout: Configures the default idle timeout IP Address. The AP's web page is always accessible. (max idle time) in seconds unless otherwise set by RADIUS (Set as 0 to mean unlimited time). 4.2.7 User's Configuration 4.2.4 Network Configuration Here you can configure the users' network access and bandwidth limitations. Network Parameters: Auto Config: Automatically configures the network parameters. It is recommended to keep this enabled. 4.2.5 RADIUS Configuration Here you can set the RADIUS parameters. Radius Server 1: Sets the IP address of Radius server 1 e.g. 127.0.0.1. Radius Server 2: Sets the IP address of Radius server 2 e.g. 127.0.0.1. Radius Secret: Sets the Radius shared secret for both ...
• User's MAC Address • 1.0.0.1 • Download (DL) Speed (kbits/s) • 8.8.8.8 • Upload (UL) Speed (kbits/s) • bing.com By default, there is an entry: When a user connects his/her mobile/smart phone to the hotspot wireless network, the hotspot login page • User MAC Address should automatically appear. Otherwise, he/she could ◦ All Others open the default Internet browser app or Chrome app on their mobile phone to see the login page. • Download (DL) Speed (kbits/s) ◦ 5000 4.2.9 Possible Hotspot Scenarios • Upload (UL) Speed (kbits/s) The WAN interface could be set as one of the ◦ 5000 Ethernet ports. This means that the wireless networks provided by the hotspot would be in the LAN zone. This means that all hotspot users are subjected to Users can connect within the LAN zone to see the 5000 kbits/s bandwidth limitation. To prevent any hotspot login page. limitation, it may be set to a high value like 5000000 kbits/s. ...
Chapter 5: Network Tab The Network → Interfaces tab shows an overview of the network interfaces. You can view and configure the interfaces of the local area network (LAN) zone as Figure 38: An infotip appears when well as the wide area network (WAN) zone. Network hovering the mouse over an icon. address translation (NAT) occurs between these two network zones. The radio that performs the NAT is called a gateway. A gateway is a network point that In Figure 38, the LAN zone (icon with two Ethernet acts as an entrance to another network. ports) has the bridged interface “br‐lan” which consists of one physical port (icon with one Ethernet port) and two wireless networks (tower icons) on the device. Hovering the mouse over each icon would give the name of the interface it represents. In this example, the infotip shows that there is a (virtual) client on the device with “Altum_AC600” as its network name. 5.1 Interfaces – WAN The Network → Interfaces → WAN page configures the interface for the WAN zone. 5.1.1 Common Configuration General Setup Status: Shows a summary of the interface for the WAN zone. This includes uptime, MAC address, bytes and packets received by the device, bytes and packets transmitted by the device, and its IPv4 address. Figure 37: The Interface Overview on the Network → Interfaces page. Figure 39: Status of the “eth1” interface of the WAN The Network column shows that the WAN zone has zone. ...
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or Static address, where you can specify the device IP VPN Server: Specifies the IP address of the remote address. Other protocols are PPTP, PPPoE, and L2TP. PPTP server for the virtual private network (VPN). PAP/CHAP username: Sets the username for the Protocol – Static address Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) or the Challenge‐Handshake Authentication Protocol IPv4 address: Sets the IP address of the device as seen from the WAN zone. (CHAP). IPv4 netmask: Sets the subnet mask e.g. PAP/CHAP password: Sets the password for the PAP 255.255.255.0. The IP address and netmask together or CHAP. determine the subnet or network ID e.g. Configure PPTP IP settings: Upon clicking the 192.168.3.0/24. Two devices must be in the same “Configure...” button, the PPTP Common subnet in order to establish a (Layer 2) link between Configuration page would be displayed. The protocol them. DHCP client or Static address can be selected. The IPv4 gateway: Specifies the IP address of the remote corresponding options are explained within this server that allows the device's shell to gain internet section (5.1.1 Common Configuration). access. Protocol – PPPoE IPv4 broadcast: Specifies the IPv4 broadcast address, optional. The Point‐to‐Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a network protocol for encapsulating PPP frames inside Use custom DNS servers: Configures the IP address of Ethernet frames. Most DSL providers use PPPoE, the DNS servers e.g. 165.21.100.88 for the SingNet which provides authentication, encryption, and DNS server in Singapore or 8.8.8.8 for the Google DNS compression. server in the USA. The computers in the same subnet as this device can then set this device's IP address as ...
L2TP Server: Specifies the IP address of the remote administrator. If not stated, the MAC address of the L2TP server. client will be sent. Configure L2TP IP settings: Upon clicking the Vendor Class to send when requesting DHCP: “Configure...” button, the L2TP Common Identifies the vendor of a DHCP client for the Configuration page would be displayed. The protocol enhancement of vendor‐specific DHCP functionality. DHCP client or Static address can be selected. The The following three options are specific to the PPTP corresponding options are explained within this and PPPoE protocols: section (5.1.1 Common Configuration). LCP echo failure threshold: Sets the number of link Advanced Settings control protocol (LCP) echo failures before the peer is The following are options in the Advanced Settings presumed to be dead. Use 0 to ignore failures. section tab. Some of these options are shown, LCP echo interval: Specifies the interval in seconds to depending on the protocol being used. send LCP echo requests. This is only effective in Override MAC address: Allows you to specify a conjunction with failure threshold. different MAC address other than the radio's original MAC address. This is useful if the ISP uses the MAC Inactivity timeout: Sets the number of seconds of address of a radio to identify a customer. Suppose inactivity, after which the connection is closed. Use 0 that the radio needs to be replaced. The new radio to persist connection. can take on the MAC address of the previous radio in order to continue having internet access. Physical Settings Override MTU: Sets the maximum transmission unit Interface: Chooses which physical interface to use for (MTU), the default being 1500 bytes. Unless, your ISP the WAN zone. This can be the Ethernet Adapter requires, it is not recommended to change this ...
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bytes and packets, transmitted bytes and packets, and Protocol – DHCP client IPv4 address. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a standardized networking protocol used by servers on an IP network to allocate IP addresses automatically to client devices. Hostname to send when requesting DHCP: Specifies the name of this device as seen by the remote DHCP server. Advanced Settings Figure 40: Status of the “br‐lan” interface of the LAN The following are options in the Advanced Settings zone. section tab. Some of these options are shown, Protocol: Chooses between Static address, where you depending on the protocol being used. can specify the device IP address, or DHCP client, Override MAC address: Allows you to specify a where the device obtains it IP address automatically. different MAC address other than the radio's original Static address is necessary if other devices obtain MAC address. This is useful if the ISP uses the MAC internet connection through this device. Static address of a radio to identify a customer. Suppose address is also recommended if you wish to configure that the radio needs to be replaced. The new radio the device via the web interface. can take on the MAC address of the previous radio in order to continue having internet access. Protocol – Static address Override MTU: Sets the maximum transmission unit IPv4 address: Sets the IP address of the device e.g. (MTU), the default being 1500 bytes. Unless, your ISP 192.168.21.1, where you can access the radio's requires, it is not recommended to change this configuration web page. setting. IPv4 netmask: Sets the subnet mask e.g. Use gateway metric: Allows you to specify a gateway ...
administrator. If not stated, the MAC address of the DHCP‐Options: Defines additional DHCP options, for client will be sent. example "6,192.168.2.1,192.168.2.2" which advertises different DNS servers to clients. Normally, Vendor Class to send when requesting DHCP: connected devices would take this board's IP address Identifies the vendor of a DHCP client for the as the default gateway. To set an alternative default enhancement of vendor‐specific DHCP functionality. gateway, add the DHCP option "3,192.168.2.3" for example. More information can be found in this link: Physical Settings http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/uci/dhcp. Enable STP: Enables the Spanning Tree Protocol on 5.2.3 Static Leases this bridge. It is unchecked by default. In this section, you can specify that a particular DHCP 5.2.2 DHCP Server client obtain an IP address that you define. The MAC address of the client is required. Click the Add button This section allows you to configure the device as a to add a static DHCP lease, then click Save & Apply to DHCP server. apply the changes. General Setup Ignore interface: Disables DHCP for this interface. You should uncheck this to enable DHCP. Figure 41: Adding a static DHCP lease. Note: All the following options in this DHCP Server section depend on DHCP being enabled. The static DHCP lease shows up on the Status → Overview page if the client is active. Start: Specifies the lowest leased address as offset from the network address, the default being 100. Limit: Sets the maximum number of leased addresses, the default being 150. Figure 42: The static DHCP leases on the Status → ...
Figure 44: The Associated Stations are also shown on the Wireless Overview page. The MAC address, network name, received signal strength, noise power, transmit rate, receive rate, and transmission quality for each station are displayed. 5.3.2 Spectrum: Interference Analyzer for AP For a radio in AP mode, clicking the Spectrum button would bring up the Channel Scan Report page. Only the radios that are enabled will be available for scanning, and only the frequency band currently in use will be scanned for each enabled radio (2.4‐2.48, Figure 43: The Wireless Overview page showing two 5.15‐5.25, 5.725‐5.85, etc.) radios. Press the Radio 2 Scan button to look at the spectrum In Figure 43, two tabs are shown at the top, wifi0: for the 5 GHz Radio and Radio 1 Scan for 2.4 GHz. Master “A600‐2” and wifi1: Client “Altum_AC600”. These correspond to the two radios in the window You can click 'Radio 1 Scan' to do the full channel scan below. again and get the latest results. The buttons are explained as follows. Spectrum: Shows the Channel Scan Report and allows you to run the Interference Analyzer. Add: Allows you to add virtual access points (VAPs) to the radio. By default, there is only one VAP on the radio. Each VAP corresponds to one network. Enable: Enables the radio. Disable: Disables the radio. Edit: Brings you to the configuration page of the Figure 45: The Channel Scan Report. network. Clicking this button is equivalent to clicking the corresponding tab above The results show the RF Channel and number of ...
Min RSSI: Shows the minimum received signal 5.4 Wifi – Wireless Network strength indicator due to the neighbouring access points. As mentioned earlier, clicking on the Edit button for a network would bring up the configuration page. This Max RSSI: Shows the maximum received signal page contains the sections Device Configuration and strength indicator due to the neighbouring access Interface Configuration. points. The Device Configuration section covers the physical Noise Floor: Shows the level of the noise on the settings of the radio hardware such as Country Code, channel. Wireles Profile, channel width, operating channel and transmit power. These are shared among all defined Channel Load: Shows how much the channel is wireless networks of the radio. Per network settings utilized. A lower channel load denotes a channel with like encryption or operation mode are grouped in the less interference. Interface Configuration. Return: Brings you back to the Wireless Overview 5.4.1 Device Configuration page. The Device Configuration section consists of the section tabs for General Setup and Advanced Settings. 5.3.3 Radio in Station Mode General Setup A radio can operate as a Station. This can be set in the Status: Shows a summary of the wireless network. Interface Configuration → General Setup → Mode option, after clicking on the Edit button. Figure 46: The Wireless Overview page showing a radio as a Client (station). ...
country where the device is operating in. The transmit other APs. For a station, Auto will automatically select power levels for each channel are tuned accordingly. the same channel as its AP. The frequency channel may also be manually selected. An AP and its station The country codes should match for all radios on the must have the same channel in order to network. communicate. For US, models there are sub categories which are Obey Regulatory Power: Obeys the power explained below: regulations specified by each country. This would satisfy the legally permitted maximum for the US‐PTP‐1 – Point to Point Mode 5.15‐5.25 GHz equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) limits of US‐PTP‐2– Point to Point Mode 5.725‐5.85 GHz the selected country, based on the specified Antenna US‐PMP‐1– Point to Multipoint Mode 5.15‐5.25 GHz Gain (dBi). The result is that the maximum transmit US‐PMP‐2– Point to Multipoint Mode 5.725‐5.85 GHz power may be less than the capability of the radio. Once activated, a refresh of the webpage may be NOTE: When PTP modes are selected, a box will needed to show the settings correctly. appear in the Interface Configuration Section labelled PTP‐MAC which the user should enter the other end Transmit Power: Chooses the transmit power of the of the links MAC address (BSSID for AP). This should radio e.g. 4 dBm, 5 dBm, …, 22 dBm or Max. This is be done on both ends of the link to prevent any other the total power supplied to the antennas of the radio. radios from linking to the PTP link. The Mode must The maximum power also depends on the frequency be set to Access Point (WDS) at one end and Station channel used. (WDS) at the other end for this feature to work. Allowable Antenna Gain Wireless Profile: Chooses the wireless standard used. ...
2005/513/EC regulation, only this frequency band is the wireless network. For the multiple VAP case, the allowed for outdoor use. beacons are transmitted evenly within this interval. Thus, if four VAPs are created and the beacon interval is 200 ms, a beacon will be transmitted from the radio Advanced Settings portion every 50 ms, from each VAP in a round‐robin fashion. The default value of the interval is 100 ms. Adaptive noise immunity: Controls radio sensitivity in the face of noise sources. Adaptive noise immunity allows the AP to reject spurs and non‐WLAN noise. An advantage is that the AP would have to spend less time decoding the signal, resulting in lower packet loss rate. Dynamic channel selection: Automatically switches channel to avoid interference. Dynamic channel selection is feature to detect and avoid continuous Figure 48: Advanced Settings for the Wifi Device wave (CW) interference. CW interference or spurs Configuration. cause the noise floor to be high. This stops transmissions as well as causes a high dropped packet Distance Optimization (Auto‐ACK Timeout): rate. The noise floor is monitored by the calibration Determines the distance of the connected station logic. When the noise floor is above a threshold, the from the AP and automatically adjusts the ACK AP is performs an automatic channel selection. It timeout. This is disabled(unchecked) by default. If the would disconnect from the stations (it would already stations are positioned over a wide area at different have due to the interference) and move to a new distances from the AP (typically in PmP), it is channel. The stations are expected to re‐associate recommended to disable this option to prevent the with the AP on their own. ACK timeout from fluctuating widely. 5.4.2 Interface Configuration For Point to Point (PtP) links it is recommended to ...
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Mode: Selects whether the device is operating as an WDS Access Point (AP) or a Station. Other options are A Wireless Distribution System (WDS) is a system Access Point WDS and Station WDS. enabling the wireless interconnection of access points in an IEEE 802.11 network. It allows a wireless Note: Setting more than 1 station on a board is network to be expanded using multiple access points not supported because there can only be one default without the traditional requirement for a wired gateway. Both 2.4 and 5 GHz radios cannot be in backbone to link them. The notable advantage of Station mode at the same time. WDS over other solutions is it preserves the MAC addresses of client frames across links between access ESSID: Specifies the name or extended service set points. identifier (ESSID) of the wireless network as it is provided in the beacon message. The network name WDS may also be considered a repeater mode can be up to 32 characters in length and can contain because it appears to bridge and accept wireless spaces. When running in AP mode, it is the name of clients at the same time (unlike traditional bridging). the network as advertised in the beacon message. In However, with this method, throughput is halved for Station mode, it is the network name that the station all clients connected wirelessly. associates with. Setup for the WDS Modes BSSID: Sets the MAC address of the AP. This option is available for a device operating as a station. This is The wireless distribution system (WDS) allows the useful because there can be multiple APs with the Station WDS to bridge wireless traffic transparently, same ESSID. Setting the MAC address would prevent providing the functionality of a repeater. The Station the station from roaming to other APs. WDS is a transparent client and would need to associate with an AP WDS. The WDS protocol is not ...
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PSK/WPA2‐PSK Mixed Mode, WPA‐EAP, and WPA2‐ EAP. WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is the oldest and least secure encryption algorithm. Stronger encryption using WPA or WPA2 should be used where possible. Figure 51: The second Radio is set to the Station For the WEP Open System and WEP Shared Key WDS mode. encryptions, you can specify up to 4 keys and only 1 would be used at a time. We have the following Multiple stations or Stations WDS can connect to an options: AP WDS (unless the PTP Country code is used and the PTP‐MAC of the peer radio is entered) In Figure 52, Used Key Slot: Chooses between Key #1 to Key #4. the Add button creates a virtual access point (VAP) on the second . You should choose AP WDS mode for the Key #1: Specifies a string of characters to be used as VAP's wireless network e.g. “M8” so that devices in the password. It may consist of 5 ASCII characters or Station WDS mode can connect to this network. The 10 HEX characters, implying a 64‐bit WEP key length. pair of Station WDS and AP WDS on the same board Otherwise, it may consist of 13 ASCII or 26 HEX extends the wireless coverage. If the board has two characters, implying a 128‐bit key length. radios, one onboard and one card radio, one radio can be the Station WDS and the other radio can be the AP Key #2, #3, and #4: Similar to Key #1. WDS. Therefore the Station WDS with AP WDS on the same board functions as a repeater. Note: Valid HEX characters are numbers 0‐9 and In the non‐WDS mode, the Station translates all the letters A‐F, case insensitive. Valid ASCII characters are packets that pass through it to its own MAC address, numbers and the letters of the English alphabet, case thus resulting in a lack of transparency. A sensitive. Based on the number of characters, the key ...
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based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Radius‐Authentication‐Secret: Configures the and is the most secure protocol. password for the authentication transaction. Key: The pre‐shared key (PSK) is the password for the Radius‐Accounting‐Server: Specifies the IP address of wireless network. This may consist of 8 to 63 ASCII the RADIUS accounting server. characters. Radius‐Accounting‐Port: Sets the port number for the RADIUS accounting server. Normally, the port number WPA or WPA2 with EAP is 1813. The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is Radius‐Accounting‐Secret: Configures the password encapsulated by the IEEE 802.1X authentication for the accounting transaction. method. IEEE 802.1X is equivalent to EAP over LAN or WLAN. Enterprise networks commonly use this NAS ID: Specifies the identity of the network access authentication method. server (NAS). WPA or WPA2 with EAP (AP Mode) WPA or WPA2 with EAP (Station Mode) Figure 54: Encryption options for WPA‐EAP or Figure 53: Encryption options for WPA‐EAP or WPA2‐EAP in Station mode. WPA2‐EAP in AP mode. Cipher: Can be set to Auto, CCMP (AES), or TKIP and Cipher: Can be set to Auto, CCMP (AES), or TKIP and CCMP (AES). CCMP (AES). EAP‐Method: The authentication protocol can be set Radius‐Authentication‐Server: Specifies the IP to Transport Layer Security (TLS), Tunneled TLS (TTLS), address of the RADIUS authentication server. or Protected EAP (PEAP). Path to CA‐Certificate: Selects the file for the CA Note: Remote Authentication Dial In User ...
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Path to Client‐Certificate: Selects the file for the Advanced Settings client certificate. Options for TLS as the EAP method Path to Private Key: Selects the file for the private key. Password of Private Key: Configures the password for the private key. Options for TTLS or PEAP as the EAP method Authentication: Selects the authentication method Figure 56: Advanced Settings for the Wifi Interface. used by the AP, e.g. PAP, CHAP, MSCHAP, or RTS Threshold: Sets the threshold for the packet size MSCHAPV2. above which the request to send (RTS) mechanism is Identity: Sets the identity used by the supplicant for used. The default is 2346 octets. There is a trade‐off EAP authentication. to consider when setting this parameter. On the one hand, using a small value causes RTS packets to be Password: Sets the password used by the supplicant sent more often, consuming more of the available for EAP authentication. bandwidth, and therefore reducing the throughput of the network packet. On the other hand, when more MAC‐Filter RTS packets are sent, the system recovers faster from interference or collisions. This is useful in a heavily This section tab is only available for a device loaded network, or a wireless network with high operating as an AP. electromagnetic interference. Note: The following options for Station Isolation, Maximum Stations, Minimum Stations RSSI, and 802.11n Only are available only for a device operating as an AP. Figure 55: Configuring the MAC‐Filter for a Wifi AP. Station Isolation: Prevents station‐to‐station communication, unchecked by default. When Station ...
802.11n Only: Forces the device to use only the VLAN ID: Specifies the identifier for the VLAN. It is an IEEE802.11n standard, unchecked by default. integer from 2 to 4094. Let VID be this number. The “eth0” port is tagged with VID to give “eth0.VID”. This WMM: Provides Quality of Service (QoS) features, port can have multiple tags corresponding to different checked by default. Wireless multimedia enables the VLANs. An “eth0.VID” port would only accept frames classification of the network traffic into 4 main types, that have been tagged with the VLAN ID VID. voice, video, best effort, and background, in decreasing order of priority. Higher priority traffic has Priority: Chooses the priority for transmitting packets. a higher transmission opportunity and would have to This is a number from 0 to 7. The number 7 wait less time to transmit. As a result, an existing represents the highest priority. video stream would not be interrupted by additional IP address: Sets the IP address of the radio as seen by background processes. other devices on this VLAN. 5.5 VLANs Netmask: States the netmask of the subnet defined by this VLAN. A local area network (LAN) can be divided into Bridge WIFI: Selects the wireless network for which multiple distinct virtual LANs (VLANs) with the use of its interface would be bridged to the “eth0.VID” port. VLAN switches. This improves the management and The choice All Others would select all other wireless security of the network. The broadcast domain of a networks that are currently not selected. device on a VLAN is confined to all devices on the same VLAN. Wifi Tagging: Should be set to Enabled. This tags the Ethernet frames sent over Wifi. This does not add a The Network → VLAN page contains the sections for second tag (QinQ). The wireless interface “ath0” of VLAN Management and VLAN Ethernet Trunk. ...
Priority: Chooses the priority for transmitting packets. 5.8.1 General Settings This is a number from 0 to 7. The number 7 represents the highest priority. The firewall creates zones over the network interfaces to control network traffic flow. Bridge WIFI: Selects the wireless network that would act as a trunk link. The Network → Firewall → General Settings page contains the zone settings. 5.6 Hostnames Zone Settings In the Network → Hostnames page, you can specify custom hostnames (URLs) with their respective IP addresses. This is an additional local DNS. Figure 61: General Settings for the Firewall Zones. Enable SYN‐flood protection: Checked by default. Figure 59: Custom hostname entries. Drop invalid packets: Unchecked by default. Note: The computers in the same subnet need Input: To accept by default. to set the IP address of this device as their preferred Output: To accept by default. DNS server in order to interpret these custom hostnames. Forward: To reject by default. 5.7 Static Routes Zones The Network → Static Routes page shows the static IPv4 routes. Figure 62: The Zones section showing the default settings for the firewall zones. 5.8.2 Port Forwards Figure 60: Static IPv4 Routes. ...
Figure 63: Adding a port forwarding rule. 5.8.3 Traffic Rules Figure 65: You can choose to open ports on the or add new forwarding rules. The Network → Firewall → Traffic Rules page Source NAT configures the traffic rules and source NAT. Source NAT is a specific form of masquerading which Traffic Rules allows fine grained control over the source IP used for outgoing traffic, for example to map multiple WAN Traffic rules define policies for packets travelling addresses to internal subnets. between different zones, for example to reject traffic between certain hosts or to open WAN ports on the . Figure 66: Source NAT. 5.9 Diagnostics 5.9.1 Network Utilities Figure 67: Network Utilities consist of Ping, Traceroute, and Nslookup. Figure 68: Result of Ping. Figure 64: Firewall Traffic Rules with the default settings. Altum AC 600 User Manual LT‐9064 Rev A 37 ...
Figure 69: Result of Traceroute. Figure 70: Result of Nslookup. 5.10 Quality of Service The Network → QoS page configures the quality of service (QoS). With QoS, you can shape network traffic selected by addresses, ports, or services. You can limit the download and upload speeds. Network QoS is disabled by default. Figure 71: Network QoS settings. 38 LT‐9064 Rev A Altum AC 600 User Manual ...
• ping 192.168.3.77 (if your computer's IP address is 192.168.3.77 for example.) Chapter 6: Final Notes They should be able to give the ping responses. Logout: Logs out of the radio's web page. An IP address conflict would cause unstable pings. Switch to another address and ping the conflicting address to check. If using a Windows computer, you should run the command arp -d * if the network configuration has changed. This is to delete the address resolution protocol (ARP) table in Windows as it may not update fast enough. This also applies if multiple radio units with the factory default IP address are being set up all Figure 72: The Logout button is circled. at the same time. After configuring each radio, run the arp –d command from your PC. 6.1 Troubleshooting steps If the ping still cannot get responses, try disabling the firewall on your Windows computer. The Windows 6.1.1 PC cannot connect to the radio Firewall on your computer may prevent it from sending back a ping response. Disabling the firewall The configuration web page for the radio will not be may be a security risk, so you should take the able to show up if the radio and your computer are precaution of disconnecting the Internet first. not connected. 6.1.2 PC Ethernet and Wifi adapters If the PC and the radio are joined to the network by LAN cables, they will not be able to connect if any of If your PC has both Ethernet and Wifi adapters, they ...
Solution: Turn off the radio for 10 seconds and then 6.1.4 Mobile phone connects but cannot turn it on again. access Internet A mobile phone or any connected Wifi user would 6.2 Resetting to factory default not be able to access the Internet if the default gateway is not set correctly on the radio. To reset the radio to the factory default settings, while the power is on, hold down the reset button for The option for the default gateway is found in 8 seconds and then release. Network → Interfaces → LAN → Common Configuration → General Setup → IPv4 gateway. Another method is to enter the following command into the radio's Linux terminal: If this radio has enabled a DHCP server but the gateway is at a different IP address please add a DHCP • mtd -r erase rootfs_data option according to Section 5.2.2 . After a while, the flash would be erased and the radio The DNS server should also be set. This option is would reboot into its factory default state. The found in Network → Interfaces → LAN → Common firmware version remains the same as the latest Configuration → General Setup → Use custom DNS firmware loaded onto the board. servers. 6.1.5 Unresponsive web page Symptom: The 'XML Parsing Error' may occur if a certain option was changed and the web page did not update in time. Figure 73: XML Parsing Error. ...
Term Definition Glossary private network. EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power. Term Definition Each country sets the legally permitted Access A device that provides network access maximum for the EIRP limits on each Point to associated stations (connected channel. (AP) wireless devices). Altum AC can function ESSID Extended Service Set Identifier. This is as an AP. the name of the wireless network. It is ACK Acknowledgment. This is a response to a case‐sensitive and up to 32 transmission to indicate that the data alphanumeric characters in length. The packet was received correctly. ESSID differentiates one wireless network from another. All access points ARP Address Resolution Protocol. This is a and devices trying to connect to a broadcast protocol for mapping IP specific wireless network should use the addresses to MAC addresses. same ESSID (and password) to enable effective roaming. CHAP Challenge‐Handshake Authentication ...
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Term Definition Term Definition Layer 2 Data link layer of the Open Systems network of hosts to an ISP without the Interconnection (OSI) model. This ISP having to manage the allocation of IP corresponds to the Link layer of the addresses. Internet protocol suite. PPTP Point‐to‐Point Tunneling Protocol. This is MAC Media Access Control Address. This is a a protocol for the creation of VPNs for Address globally unique identifier attached to a the secure transfer of data from remote network adapter. It also identifies the clients to private servers over the hardware manufacturer. Internet. Mbps Megabits per second. Also Mbit/s. This QoS Quality of Service. This is the is a measure of the data rate. prioritization of network traffic. Voice traffic gets the highest priority, followed MiniPCIe Mini Peripheral Component by video, best effort, and background Interconnect Express. A miniPCIe radio is traffic, in this order. a radio card that can be inserted into a unit's circuit board. RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service. This is a networking protocol ...
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Term Definition Term Definition Subnet A portion of a network that shares a link them. common address component. On TCP/IP WLAN Wireless Local Area Network. networks, subnets are defined as all devices whose IP addresses have the same prefix. For example, all devices with IP addresses that start with 192.168.7 belong to the same subnet. TCP Transmission Control Protocol. This is a protocol for transmitting data over the Internet with guaranteed reliability and in‐order delivery. UDP User Datagram Protocol. This is a protocol for transmitting data over the Internet quickly but with no guarantee of reliability or in‐order delivery. VAP Virtual Access Point. A VAP simulates a physical access point. A VAP is configured on a per‐radio basis. By default, only one VAP is enabled. Up to 16 VAPs can be created for each radio, each with its own SSID. VPN Virtual Private Network. This is a network that enables IP traffic to travel securely over a public TCP/IP network by encrypting all traffic from one network to another. The VPN uses tunneling to encrypt all information at the IP level. WAN ...
WARNING: FCC Information Intentional or unintentional changes or modifications must not be made unless under the express consent FCC ID: NCY‐A600 of the party responsible for compliance. Any such modifications could void the user’s authority to The Altum AC600 System can be used for point‐to‐ operate the equipment and will void the point or Point to Multipoint operation. manufacturer’s warranty. To comply with RF exposure requirements, the following antenna installation and NOTE: All Altum AC600 models require device operating configurations must be satisfied. The professional installation due to FCC limits on antenna for this unit must be fixed and mounted on output power settings when operating in the outdoor permanent structures with a separation UNII bands. distance of at least two meters from all persons. Furthermore, it must not be co‐ located or operating This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Rules and Regulations. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this Warranty Information device must accept any interference received, Radios from Trango Systems are warranted for one including interference that may cause undesired year from date of purchase. Please see operation. www.trangosys.com for a complete description of ...
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