1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. DTK Manuals
  4. Desktop
  5. Apex 386/33
  6. User manual

DTK Apex 386/33 User Manual

33mhz 386 system
Hide thumbs
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

Download this manual
K E E N - 3 3 0 4
3 3 M H z 3 8 6 ™ S Y S T E M
U
ser's
Manual

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading

Related Manuals for DTK Apex 386/33

Summary of Contents for DTK Apex 386/33

  • Page 1 K E E N - 3 3 0 4 3 3 M H z 3 8 6 ™ S Y S T E M ser’s Manual...
  • Page 2 The following does not apply to any country where such provisions are inconsistent with local law: We make no warranties with respect to this documentation either express or implied and provide it ‘as is”. This includes but is not limited to any implied warranties, of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
  • Page 3 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
  • Page 4 Reconfiguring To keep the computer from being damaged, NEVER recon- figure the board while the power is ON. If you wish to reconfigure the computer at any time, ensure that the power is turned OFF before changing any hardware set- tings, such as DIP switches or jumpers.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Chapter 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW ........1 ......2 1-1 Introduction Operating System 1-2 Quick Start .
  • Page 6 Chapter 2 SETTING UP YOUR SYSTEM ......2-1 PEM-3301 Motherboard ..... . 2 Restrictions .
  • Page 7 Chapter 3 Operating Your System ....... . 1 3-1 An Introduction to DOS Loading DOS .
  • Page 8 Chapter 5 TROUBLESHOOTING..... . . 1 5-1 Command Problems......2 5-2 Electrical Problems System Error Messages .
  • Page 9 Chapter 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW Figure 1-1: Quick Start ......3 Figure 1-2: System Configuration Figure 1-3: System Unit Case ..... 7 Figure 1-4: Front Panel Figure 1-5: Keylock and Two Security-Lock Keys .
  • Page 10 Figure 2-11: 5MB Total Onboard System Memory ... 14 Figure 2-12: 8MB Total Onboard System Memory ... 14 Figure 2-13: Location of Processor Figure 2-14: Location of Coprocessor .
  • Page 11 Chapter 4 KEYBOARD Figure 4-1: Keyboard Layout Figure 4-2: Function Keys ..... . . 3 Figure 4-3: Numeric Keypad ..... . 3 Figure 4-4: Indicator Lights Figure 4-5: Special Keys .
  • Page 12 Chapter 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW Table 1-1 : Power Cord Specifications ....15 Table 1-2: Floppy Disk Specifications ....18 Chapter 2 SETTING UP YOUR SYSTEM Table 2-1: Total 32-Bit Memory...
  • Page 13 Chapter 6 APPENDIX Table 6-1: Jumpers W1-W3 Settings ....12 Table 6-2: DRAM Chip Speed .....13 Table 6-3: PEM-3301 Total System Memory Configurations - A .

  • Page 14: About This Manual

    What’s Inside Here’s what you’ll find in this manual: Chapter 1 — “System Overview”, gets you acquainted with the basic concepts of your system. Chapter 2 — “Setting Up upgrade your system. Chapter 3 — “Operating BIOS program and the MS-DOS functions. Chapter 4 —...
  • Page 15 How to Use this Manual For the advanced user If you are an experienced PC user and do not want to upgrade your system now and you want to start using your personal computer as quickly as possible, refer to the Quick Start section at the beginning of chapter one.

  • Page 17: System Overview

    This chapter covers: the basics of your system the system’s features and specifications control panel features and connectors outside of the case how to maintain your computer If you are an experienced user who wants to get to work as soon as possible, the Quick Start section at the beginning of this chapter provides you all the information you need to set up the hardware.

  • Page 18: Introduction

    1-1 Introduction This manual will guide you through the setup of your computer and provide the information necessary to tailor the system to fit your needs. If you are a novice, you will be able to have your computer up and running with a minimum of fuss.

  • Page 19: Quick Start

    1-2 Quick Start If you are an experienced user anxious to start using your computer, observe the figure below to set up your personal computer. You will still want to use this manual later as a reference book. Note: Save all packing materials in case you need to ship or resell your computer in the future.

  • Page 20: Features

    1-3 Features A brief description of your system is given below: Compatibility with PC/AT Intel Optional 80387 - 33 or Weitek Dual speed, 33MHz cache support in ultra-high speed and emulation without cache in low speed, both switchable by either software or hardware switches Discrete components to complete cache functions l/2/4/5/8 MB 32-Bit DRAM onboard 64/256 KB direct-mapped high-speed SRAM cache memory...

  • Page 21: Specifications

    1-4 Specifications CPU — Intel 386™ microprocessor, 33MHz RAM — Maximum - 16MB with PEI-306 RAM Card Cycle Time - 80ns Data Bus Bandwidth - 32 bits ROM — 32KB legal BIOS Expansion slots — one 32-bit, six 16-bit, one 8-bit Disk Drive(s) —...

  • Page 22: Example Of A System Configuration

    1-5 Example of a System Configuration The basic system is pictured below. You may choose peripherals and upgrades for the system as your needs require. Even if your system is different from the one pictured, it should operate in the same basic manner.

  • Page 23: System Unit

    1-6 System Unit The system unit may house a motherboard, disk drives, a power supply and optional expansion cards. Figure 1-3: System Unit Case Chapter 1: System Overview...

  • Page 24: Control Panel

    1-7 Control Panel The control panel provides several useful functions which are ex- plained below. You are likely to use the front panel frequently, so let’s start there. F igure 1-4: Front Panel Reset Button The reset button allows you to restart the system without turning the power off.

  • Page 25: Keylock

    Keylock The keylock enables or disables the keyboard. In the unlock mode the keyboard is activated. In the lock mode the keyboard is disabled to deny unauthorized users access to the computer. Figure 1-5: Keylock and Two Security-Lock Keys System Power Switch The system power switch is located on the control panel.

  • Page 26: Rear Panel

    1-8 Rear Panel The rear panel has all the connections that lead from the system unit to external peripherals and the power source. Turn off all power switches before connecting or disconnecting cables/wires! En- sure that cables/wires are attached to the external device first and connected to the outlet unit later.

  • Page 27: Keyboard Connector

    Keyboard Connector The keyboard supplied with your system can be plugged into sockets in front of the case. Plug the keyboard cable into the socket shown below. Figure 1-7: Connecting the Keyboard Cable Chapter 7: System Overview...

  • Page 28: Power Cord Connector

    Power Cord Connector The power supply has two receptacles: one supplies power to a monitor; the other connects to the main power source. Figure 1-8: System Power Cord Chapter System Overview...

  • Page 29: Display Port

    Display Port You will also need to connect your monitor to the system unit at a female display port in one of the expansion slots as shown on the previous page. To attach the monitor cable to the video port, plug the cable into the port and screw the cable connector down securely.

  • Page 30: Power Voltage Setting

    Power Voltage Setting The system unit can run on either 115V or 230V as indicated in Figure 1-10. The voltage setting switch is located above the monitor power outlet. Refer to the Table 1-1 for power cord specifications. Figure 1-10: Voltage Switch Chapter 1: System Overview...
  • Page 31 Table 1-7: Power Cord Specifications Chapter 1: System Overview...

  • Page 32: Other Peripherals

    1-9 Other Peripherals To connect other peripherals (printers, modems, etc.) determine which ports are to be used by referring to your expansion card manuals or peripheral manuals. You may consult your dealer for more about the expansion cards available for your system. Typical peripherals are shown in Figure 1-11 below.

  • Page 33: Disk Drives

    1-10 Disk Drives You can install up to six disks drives in the system unit of either with 5.25” or 3.5” sizes. More information about how to install disk drives may be found in the chpater 6. Figure 1-12: Installing Floppy and Hard Disk Drives Chapter 1: System Overview...

  • Page 34: Floppy Disk Drive

    Floppy Disk Drive With a floppy disk drive you can format and use single, double-sided or high-density floppy disks. One double-sided 5.25” floppy disk can store up to 360KB of data. One double-sided high density 5.25” floppy disk can store up to 1.2MB of data.

  • Page 35: Copy-Protection

    Copy Protection You can copy protect a disk to prevent accidental storage of informa- tion or viral infection onto that disk by covering the notch on the side of a 5.25” disk with a write-protect tab or by sliding the small tab on a 3.5” disk to cover the hole.

  • Page 36: Hard Disks

    Hard Disks Your system is very powerful and versatile. To make full use of all its capabilities, it is best to use a hard disk. A hard disk can raise your efficiency because the hard disk keeps programs and data available at your fingertips.

  • Page 37: Keyboard

    1-11 Keyboard Your keyboard has a set of function keys, cursor keys and a numeric keypad. The figure below shows a typical keyboard. Refer to Chapter 4 for a more detailed description of the keyboard. Figure 1-15: Keyboard Chapter 1: System Overview...

  • Page 38: Maintaining Your Equipment

    1-12 Maintaining Your Equipment Read and follow carefully all the instructions and warnings in this manual and on these products! Only use a damp cloth to clean your system unit and monitor case. Do not use detergents! Position your system unit, monitor and cables/wires away from direct sunlight, moisture, dust, oil, and thoroughfares.

  • Page 39: Setting Up Your System

    Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System...
  • Page 40 Setting Up Your System In this chapter you will learn about: how to assemble a knocked-down system how to upgrade your system Setting up a system is easy and takes only a short time. If your dealer has set up your system for you, you can skip this chapter. With the system set up you are now ready to load your application software and begin work.

  • Page 41: Pem-3301 Motherboard

    2-1 PEM-3301 Motherboard If your motherboard is the PEM-3301, the layout of your board will be as pictured on the next page. The PEM-3301 motherboard uses a cache memory subsystem provid- ing a small amount of fast memory (SRAM) and a large amount of slow memory (DRAM).

  • Page 42: Figure 2-1: Pem-3301 Motherboard Layout

    Figure 2-1: PEM-3301 Motherboard Layout Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...

  • Page 43: Onboard System Memory Size

    Onboard System Memory Size The PEM-3301 mainboard has two kinds of dual sockets for Cache RAM and one kind of SIMM socket for DRAM. Chip Insertion Remember that when inserting chips/RAM modules, you must make sure the notched or dotted end of the chip/RAM module is lined up with the notched end of the socket.

  • Page 44: Switch Settings

    Switch Settings The location of the six-switch DIP SW1 can be seen below. Each switch has an ON and OFF position (usually the ON position is labeled, the OFF position is not). SW1 should be set appropriately, based on the following description. Figure 2-4: The Six-Switch DIP SW1 Table 2-1: Total 32-Bit Memory Note: Total 32-bit memory means onboard 32-bit memory plus that on...

  • Page 45: Table 2-2: Onboard 32-Bit Memory

    Memory Size (Bank 0, Bank 1) Table 2-2: Onboard 32-Bit Memory Note: The switch setting of the onboard 32-bit memory must cor- respond to the physical memory installed onboard. The switch setting of the PEI-306 must correspond to the physical memory installed on the card. If you don’t have a 16-bit memory extension card, the switch setting for total 32-bit memory must be for an amount larger than or equal to total installed memory (including onboard...

  • Page 46: Video Selection

    This is caused by different methods of testing memory among BIOSes. The solution is to set the switches for the total 32-bit memory in accordance with the physical DRAM installed. Most of the BlOSes do not have this problem. If you want to add a 16-bit extension memory card to the PEM-3301 mainboard, total 32-bit memory must match with the switch setting for total onboard 32-bit memory plus that on the PEI-306 32-bit extension memory card.

  • Page 47: Jumper Options And Connectors Of Pem-3301 Mainboard

    Jumper Options and Connectors of PEM-3301 Mainboard After the switches are set correctly, other attachments and jumper option adjustments on the mainboard have to be made. See the illustration below for the location of each of the jumpers and connec- tors.
  • Page 48 Jumper A jumper is a kind of switch which uses a plastic cap with a metal interior to connect (short) two pins. If a jumper needs to be left open, you should save the cap for future use by covering one pin only of the jumper.

  • Page 49: Quick Reference Of Jumper Settings For Pem-3301 Mainboard

    Quick Reference of Jumper Settings for PEM-3301 Mainboard J1 — Keyboard Lock-/Power LED J2 — Turbo LED J3 — Reset connector J4 — Speaker Connector J5 — Power Supply Connector J7 — Keyboard Connector W1 — Coprocessor installation short — not installed open —...

  • Page 50: Jumpers For Cache And Main Memory Configuration

    Jumpers for Cache and Main Memory Configuration The tables on below indicate the jumper settings required for different SRAM cache configurations. The cache configurations are listed below: 64KB: 64KB cache (with eight 16Kbit X 4 cache SRAM chips and two 16Kbit X 4 tag SRAM chips) 256KB: 256KB cache (with eight 64Kbit X 4 cache SRAM chips and two 64Kbit X 4 tag SRAM chips)

  • Page 51: Figure 2-7: Cache Configurations

    Figure 2-7: Cache Configurations Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...
  • Page 53 Figure 2-8: 1MB Total Onboard Memory Figure 2-9: 2MB Total Onboard Memory Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...
  • Page 54 Figure 2-10: 4MB Total Onboard Memory Figure 2-11: 5MB Total Onboard Memory Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...
  • Page 55 Figure 2-12: 8MB Total Onboard memory Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...

  • Page 56: Figure 2-13: Location Of Processor

    Installing Processor on Mainboard The PEM-3301 mainboard supports the Intel 80386-33 processor. The processor chip should be inserted into the processor socket (U12), with the notch as shown below. Figure 2-13: Location of Processor Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...

  • Page 57: Installing Numeric Coprocessor

    Installing Numeric Coprocessor If you process numeric data, a math coprocessor will make your work more efficient. The PEM-3301 mainboard supports the Intel 80387 and Weitek 3167 numeric coprocessors. The coprocessor chip should be inserted into the coprocessor socket (U11), with the notch on the package oriented in the same direction as the corresponding notch on the socket.

  • Page 58: Shadow Ram

    Shadow RAM For higher performance, the PEM-3301 has two shadow RAM func- tions. Shadow RAM is one of the features of the PEM-3301. Your BIOS or diskette will support the following: A 64KB DRAM space allocated for system BIOS shadow A 64KB DRAM space allocated for video BIOS shadow RAM BIOS and video addresses are allocated for shadow RAM.
  • Page 59 If you use DTK or Phoenix 1.1002 BIOS, you can enable or disable these two shadow RAM functions through your BIOS setup. If your BIOS does not support shadow RAM, you may use the program on the diskette included with this mainboard to set up the shadow RAM driver.

  • Page 60: Rom Installation

    ROM Installation To install the ROM chips, refer to the illustration below for the location of the DIP sockets and ROM selection jumper W7 on the mainboard. Figure 2-16: ROM Installation of PEM-3301 Mainboard ROM access time is 15Ons. Table 2-7: ROM BIOS Jumper Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...

  • Page 61: Pem-3300 Motherboard

    2-2 PEM-3300 Motherboard If your motherboard is the PEM-3300, the layout of your board be as pictured on the next page. The PEM-3300 motherboard uses a cache memory subsystem provid- ing a small amount of fast memory (SRAM) and a large amount of slow memory (DRAM).

  • Page 62: Figure 2-17: Pem-3300 Motherboard Layout

    Figure 2-17: PEM-3300 Motherboard Layout Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...

  • Page 63: Onboard System Memory Size

    Onboard System Memory Size The PEM-3300 mainboard has two kinds of dual sockets — one for Cache RAM and a SIP socket for DRAM. Chip Insertion Remember that when inserting chips/RAM modules, you must make sure the notched or dotted end of the chip/RAM module is lined up with the notched end of the socket.

  • Page 64: Switch Settings

    Switch Settings The location of the six-switch DIP SW1 can be seen below. Each switch has an ON and OFF position (usually the ON position is labeled, the OFF position is not). SW1 should be set appropriately, based on the following description. Side View Figure 2-20: The Six-Switch DIP SW1 Table 2-8: Total 32-Bit Memory...

  • Page 65: Table 2-9: Onboard 32-Bit Memory

    Table 2-9: Onboard 32-Bit Memory Note: The switch setting for onboard 32-bit memory must match the physical memory installed onboard. The switch setting of the PEI-306 must correspond to the physical memory installed on the card. If you don’t have a 16-bit memory extension card in your sys- tem, the switch setting for total 32-bit memory must be for an amount larger than or equal to total installed memory (in- cluding onboard 32-bit memory and 32-bit memory on the...

  • Page 66: Video Selection

    This is caused by different methods of testing memory among BIOSes. The solution is to set the switches for the total 32-bit memory in accordance with the physical DRAM installed. Most of the BlOSes do not have this problem. If you want to add a 16-bit extension memory card to the PEM-3300 mainboard, you have to fill the total 32-bit memory in accordance with the switch setting for total on- board 32-bit memory plus that on the PEI-306 32-bit exten-...

  • Page 67: Jumper Options And Connectors Of Pem3300 Mainboard

    Jumper Options and Connectors of PEM-3300 Mainboard After the switches are set correctly, other attachments and jumper option adjustments on the mainboard have to be made. See the illustration below for the location of each of the jumpers and connec- tors.
  • Page 68 Jumper A jumper is a kind of switch which uses a plastic cap with a metal interior to connect (short) two pins. If a jumper needs to be left open, you should save the cap for future use by covering one pin only of the jumper.

  • Page 69: Quick Reference Of Jumper Settings For Pem-3300 Mainboard

    Quick Reference of Jumper Settings for PEM-3300 Mainboard J1 — Keyboard Lock/Power LED J2 — Reset Connector J3 — Speaker Connector J4 — Turbo LED Connector J5 — Turbo Connector open — Turbo (hardware) J7 — Keyboard Connector J8 — Power Supply Connector W1 - W6 —...

  • Page 70: Jumpers For Cache And Main Memory Configuration

    Jumpers for Cache and Main Memory Configuration The tables on below indicate the jumper settings required for different SRAM cache configurations. The cache configurations are listed below: 64KB: 64KB cache (with eight 16Kbit X 4 cache SRAM chips and two 16Kbit X 4 tag SRAM chips) 256KB: 256KB cache (with eight 64Kbit X 4 cache SRAM chips and two 64Kbit X 4 tag SRAM chips)

  • Page 71: Figure 2-23: Cache Configurations

    64KB cache 256KB cache Figure 2-23: Cache Configurations Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...

  • Page 72: Table 2-12: Dram Configurations

    Table 2-12: DRAM Configurations Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...
  • Page 73 Figure 2-24: 1MB Total Onboard Memory — Configuration A Figure 2-25: 1MB Total Onboard Memory — Configuration B Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...
  • Page 74 Figure 2-26: 2MB Total Onboard Memory — Configuration A Figure 2-27: 2MB Total Onboard Memory — Configuration B Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...
  • Page 75 Bank 0 = (266Kbit x 9 RAM module) x 4 pieces Figure 2-28: 2MB Total Onboard memory — Configuration C Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...
  • Page 76 Bank 0 = 1Mbit x 36 pieces Figure 2-29: 4MB Total Onboard memory — Configuration A Figure 2-30: 4MB Total Onboard memory — Configuration B Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...
  • Page 77 Figure 2-31: 5MB Total Onboard memory Bank 0 = 1Mbit x 36 pieces Bank 1 = (1Mbit x 9 RAM module) x 4 pieces Figure 2-32: 8MB Total Onboard memory Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...

  • Page 78: Figure 2-33: Location Of Processor

    Installing Processor The PEM-3300 mainboard supports the Intel 80386-33 processor. The processor chip should be inserted into the processor socket (U161), with the notches aligned as shown below. Figure 2-33: Location of Processor Chapter 2: Setting Up Your System...

  • Page 79: Installing Numeric Coprocessor

    Installing Numeric Coprocessor If you process numeric data, a math coprocessor will make your work more efficient. The PEM-3300 mainboard supports the Intel 80387 and Weitek 3167 numeric coprocessors. The coprocessor chip should be inserted into the coprocessor socket (U160), with the notch on the package oriented in the same direction as the corresponding notch on the socket.

  • Page 80: Installation

    2-3 Installation The time may come when you want to upgrade your system. To do so, you may need to remove the cover of the unit. This is easily ac- complished with the following tools: a small flat-blade screwdriver and a small Phillips screwdriver.

  • Page 81: Connection To Power Supply

    2-4 Connection to Power Supply If your power supply has not been attached to your motherboard, you may need to attach the power supply cable to the mainboard at the connector beside the power on the motherboard. In this case, you should connect cables on the power supply to 2 six-pin connectors.

  • Page 82: Table 2-13: Power Supply Pinouts

    The pinouts for the power supply connectors are as follows: Table 2-13: Power Supply Pinouts Once you have completed connecting the cables the RAM Card is installed and ready to go. If you have nothing else left to do, close the case according to the instructions in your system manual.

  • Page 85: Operating Your System

    Operating Your System In this chapter you will learn: the basics of system BIOS a few MS-DOS functions The software that your system will use falls into two categories. First there is the operating system, the language that tells the system what to do.

  • Page 86: An Introduction To Dos

    3-1 An Introduction to DOS DOS stands for Disk Operating System. This is a set of commands used to control the operations of a computer and its peripheral com- ponents. DOS makes it easy for you to use applications and create and manage files on your computer.

  • Page 87: Setup Utility

    3-2 Setup Utility A system setup program is included in your BIOS on the motherboard. The setup program is used to key in the configuration you want for your system. Specifically, you can set the date, time, base memory, expan- sion memory, number of floppy and hard disk drives and display configuration as well as get information on hard disk types.

  • Page 88: Figure 3-1: Initial Screen

    If you reconfigure your system, you will need to enter the setup program. When you restart the system, press the <ESC> key quickly just after the RAM test. If you miss the chance to do so, press the hardware reset switch, or just press the software reset switch <Alt>...

  • Page 89: Figure 3-2: Setup Program Screen

    FoIlowing are examples of the setup program screen and prompt windows you will see in using the program. If you choose item 1 from The screen on the previous page to configure your system, the following will appear. You should correctly respond to prompts about your computer.
  • Page 90 Once you have entered all appropriate information and exited by choosing item 9, you will be asked to confirm that the configuration data are correct. F igure 3-3: Before Restarting If at a later date you alter the configuration of your system, you will need to go through the program again and make the appropriate changes.

  • Page 91: Calculator

    Calculator The calculator can be used if you press <Ctrl>, <Alt>, <5> (on the key pad). Pressing <Esc> will exit this utility. Note that these two utilities can be used in the 80-column text display mode only. Refer to the figure below for the Calculator. Figure 3-4: Calculator Chapter 3: Operating Your System...

  • Page 92: Dos Operations

    3-3 DOS Operations Following is a brief explanation of a few DOS functions. If you want a detailed explanation of all the DOS commands, refer to your DOS user manual. Starting MS-DOS If you are using a hard disk with DOS already installed, the computer will “boot”...

  • Page 93: Formatting Disks

    Formatting Disk You must format a floppy disk before it can be used. Formatting high-density disk: To format a high-density disk, type the following at the drive prompt: C>Format A: After your disk has been formatted, you will see the following prompt: Format another diskette (Y/N)? Press <N>...

  • Page 94: Backing Up Your Diskettes And Files

    Backing up your Diskettes and Files In order not to lose your files through disk damage or accidental deletion it is important to back up all your files and diskettes regularly. Backing up a diskette on a two-floppy disk drive system: At the A>...

  • Page 95: Deleting Your Diskettes And Files

    Deleting your Diskettes and Files You may want to erase diskettes or unnecessary files to make room for other data. Erasing a diskette: To erase a whole directory of files, type the following at the drive prompt: A>del *,* All the files in the open directory are now erased. Deleting a file: To delete a single file, type the following at the drive prompt: A>del filename.ext...
  • Page 96 Listing Disk Files If you want to find out what files are on a disk, you can list its directory by using the the disk in drive A, you would use the following command: After you hit the enter key, all the file information will be displayed on the screen.

  • Page 97: Hard Disk Drive Format

    3-4 Hard Disk Drive Format A hard disk must be formatted before it can be read from or written to. If your hard disk requires this, you should carry out the following steps: Step 1 — Preformat The preformat utility is supplied by the system BIOS. You can press key quickly just after the RAM test to enter the SETUP program.

  • Page 98: Format

    Step 3 — Format The DOS command “Format” verifies the media and moves the system file onto the hard disk drive. The command should be keyed in as: A> FORMAT C:/S If you want to make two partitions, you have to format the new partition as follows: A>...

  • Page 99: Helpful Hints

    3-5 Helpful Hints This chapter ends with a few hints -they may save you some time or help you as you use your computer. Make copies of your diskettes regularly. To make sure that a command works, you should: - Check your typing (make sure you don’t confuse \ with /). - Have the correct diskette in the drive.

  • Page 100: Keyboard

    Chapter 4 Keyboard...
  • Page 101 In this chapter you will learn: the basics of your keyboard and its functions how to adjust your keyboard angle A computer keyboard sends messages from you to the computer. It has: QWERTY keys Function keys Cursor control keys A numeric keypad Special keys Keyboard indicator lights Keyboard...

  • Page 102: Keyboard Layout

    4-1 Keyboard Layout Currently several keyboard styles are available for PC/AT/XT com- patible computers. The most popular are the PC keyboard, the PC/AT keyboard, and the enhanced keyboard. Figure 4-1 below illustrates the basic layout of a typical enhanced keyboard. Function Keys QWERTY Key Area Figure 4-1: Keyboard Layout...

  • Page 103: Getting Acquainted With Your Keyboard

    4-2 Getting Acquainted with Your Keyboard Before you begin using your computer, you should become familiar with some keyboard functions. Your keyboard is divided into six sec- tions. Refer to the previous page for the layout. The following gives an explanation of these keys.
  • Page 104 F u n c t i o n Keys Turns on and off the numeric mode on the numeric keypad Used for division operations. Used for multiplication operations. Used for subtraction operations. Activating Num Lock makes 7 operative. Home returns cursor to the beginning of the line it is on. Activating Num Lock makes 8 operative.

  • Page 105: Mode Indicator Lights

    Mode Indicator Lights In addition to the character, number and control keys, every keyboard has three lights that indicate the typing mode. These lights and their functions are explained as follows: Figure 4-4: Indicator Lights Caps Lock When this light is on, characters are in uppercase mode. Num Lock When this light is off, the cursor-control function of the numeric keypad is disabled and the numeric mode is activated.

  • Page 106: Special Keys

    Special Keys Below are some special keys on your keyboard. Figure 4-5: Special Keys Check out the above key functions in the table below and in Table 4-1. Keys Table 4-2: Functions of Special Keys Chapter 4: Keyboard Function Pressing this key together with the shift key will print all data on the screen.

  • Page 107: Qwerty Keys

    Keys QWERTY These are the same keys which are used on a typewriter. Figure 4-6: QWERTY Keys Keys Performs a tab function similar to that of a typewriter. Changes lowercase letters to capitals. Moves cursor back one space and erases characters. Pressing this key activates uppercase letters;...

  • Page 108: Cursor Keys

    Cursor Keys These keys move the cursor in the indicated direction. Figure 4-7: Cursor Keys Key Combinations The keys shown below have special functions when pressed simul- taneously. Table 4-4: Special Functions Chapter 4: Keyboard...

  • Page 109: Keyboard Tilt Adjustment

    4-3 Keyboard Tilt Adjustment Under the rear of the keyboard are two small legs that can be pulled out or pushed in to change the keyboard angle to suit you. Figure 4-8: Adjustment of Keyboard Angles Chapter 4: Keyboard...

  • Page 110: Troubleshooting

    Troubleshooting...
  • Page 111 In this chapter you will learn about: the basics of how to solve software/hardware problems when to get technical help for your computer Your computer has been designed to last for years of optimum perfor- mance. But if some problems do occur, more likely than not you will be able to solve them by referring to this chapter.

  • Page 112: Command Problems

    5-1 Command Problems Often what appears to be a big problem is in fact just a matter of a small oversight. Before taking your computer in to the shop for major surgery, check the following items: Chapter 5: Troubleshooting Make sure that all devices (computer and peripherals) have power and are turned on.
  • Page 113 Are you using a startup disk? Is your disk formatted? Is the system configuration correct? Are all the external and internal connectors are con- nected well? Make sure that you are running software compatible with your display port, because some software can only run in the MGA display mode.

  • Page 114: Electrical Problems

    5-2 Electrical Problems Most electrical problems (except blackouts) can be avoided if you run your system on a dedicated electrical line. That is, ensure that your computer and peripheral electric cords are not shared by other applian- ces such as a refrigerator or air conditioner. Also, it is highly advisable to purchase a surge suppressor.
  • Page 115 Hardware error messages: These messages are related to the computer’s internal components, your monitor, mouse, or printer. Hardware problems are usually ones that the user cannot solve alone. Professional services are therefore required. Error messages generated by MS-DOS, BASIC or other high-level applications: These messages relate to problems due to incorrect use or malfunc- tion of a high-level application under which you might run your...

  • Page 116: Examples Of System Error Messages

    Examples of System Error Messages System crash The cursor cannot be moved and does not respond to the keyboard. This could indicate a software crash. Mark where you are in your document. Reboot your system and reload your software. Scroll the cursor to where you last saved your data.

  • Page 117: System Bios Error Message

    5-3 System BIOS Error Message Error 8254 - Indicates a 8254 timer controller failure. 8237 Error - Indicates a 8237 DMA controller failure. 74612 Error - Indicates a 74612 page register failure. 8259 Error - Indicates a 8259 interrupt controller failure. 8742 Error - indicates a 8742 controller failure.
  • Page 118 Parity Error but Segment isn’t Found, Press any Key to Continue - Indicates that the NMI circuit has detected a RAM parity System Memory Mismatch, Run Setup - Indicates a mismatch of memory size in the real-time Display Card Mismatch, Run Setup - Indicates a mismatch of a record typed in the real-time Chapter 5: Troubleshooting error.

  • Page 120: Appendix

    This chapter provides: technical information jumper settings in your system information on moving your computer This manual is not a technical reference manual. This chapter provides some technical information about your system, but if you need more, check out a technical library or bookstore. You will find technical reference books in most bookstores.

  • Page 121: Disk Drives

    6-1 Disk Drives Up to seven floppy/hard disk drives may be installed in the system unit. installation of a hard disk is essentially the same as that for a floppy disk. You may at sometime want to add to or exchange your floppy or hard disk drives.
  • Page 122 Slide the disk drive, back end first, into the disk drive bay. Figure 6-2: Installing the Floppy Disk Drives Next, connect the floppy/hard disk controller cable and one of the four cables from the power supply. The power cable is simple to connect: simply plug it in to the correct adapter.

  • Page 123: Figure 6-3: Connecting A Floppy Disk Drive

    Figure 6-3: Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive Figure 6-4: Connecting a Floppy Disk Drive to an FDC Card Chapter 6: Appendix...

  • Page 124: Figure 6-5: Cables For Disk Drives

    One edge of the ribbon cable is marked with a color line. This specific line side of the connector should be at pin 1 when attached to the card. Pin 1 is clearly marked on the card. See the figure below: Figure 6-5: Cables for Disk Drives Follow the same procedure for any additional drives you want to install.

  • Page 125: Hard Disk

    Hard Disk The installation of a hard disk drive is similar to that for a floppy disk drive. First fasten the bracket on the drive. Figure 6-6: Fasten the Brackets on a Hard Disk Drive Chapter 6: Appendix...

  • Page 126: Figure 6-7: Installing A Hard Disk Drive

    Next, place the disk drive inside the bay and fasten the brackets to the chassis. Refer to the figure below: Figure 6-7: Installing a Hard Disk Drive Chapter 6: Appendix...
  • Page 127 Figure 6-6: Connecting a Hard Disk Drive Figure 6-9: Connecting a Hard Disk to a HDC Card Chapter 6: Appendix...
  • Page 128 Connect the power cable and the hard disk controller cables. Note that there is only one possible way to connect the power cable and hard disk cables owing to the shape of the connectors, so it is impossible to make a mistake. The two hard disk controller cables are of different sizes: the red wires on the cables should be connected so that they are toward the central portion of the case.

  • Page 129: Card Layout

    6-2 Expanding Your Memory with a PEI-306 RAM Card The PEI-306 ‘386 RAM Card is a flexible memory solution for your system’s motherboard. The PEI-306 ‘386 RAM Card can be installed in a 32-bit expansion slot designed for this purpose. The ‘386 RAM Card makes use of a combination of 256KB and 1 MB SIMM modules which allow for up to 12MB of memory for maximum expandability.

  • Page 130: Card Setup

    Card Setup Memory Banks The ‘386 RAM Card memory is divided into three banks. At the very least, bank 0 must be full for the card to function. By setting DIP switch SW1 and jumpers W1 - W3 the PEI-306 ‘386 RAM Card can be set up with a minimum of 1 MB and a maximum of 12MB memory.
  • Page 131 Jumper Settings Jumpers W1 - W3 allow you to set the DRAM type of banks 0 - 2 for either 411000 RAM or 41256 RAM. Jumper W1 selects bank 0, W2 selects bank 1 and W3 selects bank 2. Refer to the table below for more information. Table 6 - 1: Jumpers W1 - W3 Settings Chapter 6: Appendix...

  • Page 132: Total System Memory Size

    DRAM Chip Speed The PEM-3300/PEM-3301 mainboard has a clock speed which re- quires the use of 80ns DRAM on the ‘386 RAM Board. For other mainboards, refer to your mainboard manual or contact your dealer. Both types of DRAM (256KB and 1MB) are available in both speeds so you can take full advantage of the ‘386 RAM Board’s various configurations.

  • Page 139: Installing Your Pei-306 Ram Card

    Installing Your PEI-306 RAM Card Having ensured that the power to the system is switched OFF, refer to Figure 2-35 for your computer to open it up. You will see expansion slot CON5 on your mainboard as below: Figure 6-12: 32-Bit Expansion Slot for PEI-306 RAM Card Chapter 6: Appendix...
  • Page 140 Expansion Slots and Slot Covers Before you install the PEI-306 RAM Card in your computer, make sure the computer is unplugged, and remove any static electric charge from your body by placing one hand on the power supply box inside your computer.

  • Page 141: Moving Your Computer And Peripherals

    6-3 Moving Your Computer and Peripherals Your personal computer and its peripheral components are highly sensitive machines that can be damaged easily through bad shipping and handling. We recommend that you take the following steps before moving the equipment to another location. Short Move An example of this is moving from one location to another in the same building.

  • Page 142: Technical Information

    6-4 Technical Information The Intel 80386 Microprocessor Your mainboard uses an Intel 80386-33 microprocessor running at 33MHz. The Intel 80386 is a high-performance 32-bit microprocessor designed for multitasking operating systems. The processor can address up to 4 gigabytes of physical memory and 64 terabytes of virtual memory. It incorporates integrated memory management and protection in its architecture in the form of address-translation registers, advanced multitasking hardware, and a protect mechanism to support operating...
  • Page 143 Cache Organization — Direct-Mapped Cache The direct-mapped cache memory is an alternative to associative- cache memory, which uses a single address comparator for the memory system and standard RAM cells for the address and data cells. The direct-mapped cache is based on an idea borrowed from software called hash coding.

  • Page 144: Figure 6-14: Direct-Mapped Cache Organization

    Figure 6-14: Direct-Mapped Cache Organization Chapter 6: Appendix...
  • Page 145 The direct-mapped cache organization diagram above shows how data contained in cache are accessed. For example, if the 80386 requests data at the address FFFFF9h in the main memory, the procedure is as follows: The cache-controlled logic determines the cache location from the 14 least significant bits of the index field (FFF8h).
  • Page 146 Cache Coherency — Hardware Transparency Write-Back eliminates stale data in the main memory caused by a cache-write operation. However, if a cache is used in a system in which more than one device has access to the main memory (a multi- processing system or a DMA system, for example), another stale data problem is introduced.

  • Page 147: Figure 6-15: Cache Architecture

    Figure 6-15: Cache Architecture Chapter 6: Appendix...

  • Page 148: Bus Width

    Bus Width The 80386 microprocessor supports two types of accesses: Memory, and Input/Output. Each type of access can be 32, 24, 16, or 8 bits wide. Memory and I/O devices can have paths 32, 16, or 8 bits wide. Your mainboard allows any type of access to a device of any width.

  • Page 149: System Memory Map

    System Memory Map The AT-compatible system memory map is as follows: Figure 6-16: System Memory Map Chapter 6: Appendix...

  • Page 150: System Timers

    System Timers There are three programmable timer/counters in the 8254 portion of the VLSI 82C100 chip. The three independent 18-bit counters and six software-programmable counter modes connect to system software They appear as an array of four external I/O ports. Three ports are used as counters, and the fourth is a control registerfor mode program- ming.

  • Page 151: Interrupts Controllers

    Interrupt Controllers Table 6-9: Interrupt Controllers Chapter 6: Appendix...

  • Page 152: Dma Channel

    DMA Channels Your mainboard supports up to seven DMA channels. Two 8237 DMA controllers are in the VLSI 82C100 chip. Each 8237 has four DMA channels. DMA controller 1 has channel 0 through channel 3 and DMA controller 2 contains channel 4 through channel 7. Channel 4 of controller 2 is used to cascade the four channels of the controller 1, namely, channel 0 through channel 3, to the microprocessor.
  • Page 153 The following illustration shows the pin assignments of the I/O channel connectors. Figure 6-17: Sixty-Two Pin I/O Channels Chapter 6: Appendix Refresh of system memory by the system microprocessor There are six 16-bit adapter (one 62-pin and one 36-pin con- nector) slots, two 8-bit adapter (one 62-pin connector) slots, and one 32-bit memory board (80-pin connector) slot.

  • Page 154: I/O Channel Signal Description

    Figure 6-18: Thirty-Slx Pin I/O Channels I/O Channel Signal Description The following is a description of the system board’s I/O channel signals. All signal lines are TTL-compatible. I/O adapters should be designed with a maximum of two low-power Shottky(LS) loads per line. SA0 Though SA19 (I/O) Address bits 0 though 19 are used to address memory and I/O devices within the system.
  • Page 155 LA17 Through LA23 (I/O) These signals (unlatched) are used to address memory and I/O devices within the system. They give the system up to 16 MB of addressability. These signals are valid when “BALE” is high. LA17 through LA23 are not latched during microprocessor cycles and there- fore do not stay valid for the whole cycle.
  • Page 156 -I/O CH CK (I) I/O channel check provides the system board with parity (error) information about memory or devices on the I/O channel. When this signal is active, it indicates an uncorrectable system error. I/O CH RDY (I) “I/O channel ready” is pulled low (not ready) by a memory or I/O device to lengthen I/O or memory cycles.
  • Page 157 -SMEMR (O) -MEMR(I/O) These signals instruct the memory devices to drive data onto the data bus. “-SMEMR” is active only when the memory decode is within the low 1Mb of memory space. “-MEMR” is active on all memory read cycles. “-MEMR” may be driven by any microprocessor or DMA control- ler in the system.
  • Page 158 AEN (O) “Address Enable” is used to degate the microprocessor and other devices from the I/O channel to allow DMA transfers to take place. When this line is active, the DMA controller has control of the address bus, the data-bus Read command lines (memory and l/O), and the Write command lines (memory and I/O) -REFRESH (I/O) This signal is used to indicate a refresh cycle and can be driven by a...
  • Page 159 OSC (O) “Oscillator” (OSC) is a high-speed clock with a 70-nanosecond period (14.31818 MHz). This signal is not synchronous with the system clock. It has a 50% duty cycle. OWS (I) The “Zero Wait State” (OWS) signal tells the microprocessor that it can complete the present bus cycle without inserting any additional wait cycles.
  • Page 160 I/O Address The I/O address map of your mainboard is given below. Note that the I/O addresses from hex 000 to hex OFF are reserved for the mainboard, and the addresses from hex 100 to hex 3FF are available bus. Address Range Device 000-01 F...

  • Page 161: Keyboard Controller

    Keyboard Controller The keyboard controller is based on the 8042(U128) single-chip microprocessor and is used to support the PEM-3301 keyboard inter- face. The keyboard controller performs the following functions: Receives serial data from keyboard, checks parity, trans- lates it into a system scan code, if necessary, transfers data to the data buffer and interrupts the processor.

  • Page 162: 32-Bit Memory Expansion Bus

    Output Port Bit Pin 21 - Bit 0 Pin 22 - Bit 1 Pin 23 - Bit 2 Pin 24 - Bit 3 Pin 35 - Bit 4 Pin 36 - Bit 5 Pin 37 - Bit 6 Pin 38 - Bit 7 32-Bit Memory Expansion Bus The 32-bit memory expansion bus optimizes the memory subsystem to take advantage of the 32-bit architecture of the 80386.

  • Page 163: Figure 6-19: Pin Assignments Of The 32-Bit Memory Expansion Bus

    Figure 6-19: Pin Assignments of the 32-bit Memory Expansion Chapter 6: Appendix...

  • Page 165: Glossary

    Some of the terms you will come across frequently in this manual are defined here. add-on card - This card connects through expansion slots to the motherboard. Also known as an adapter, expansion, or interface card, this is used to increase the capabilities of your computer.
  • Page 166 BIOS - This is a binary data digit, either 1 or 0. The digit 1 or 0 boot - This means to turn on the power switch and load the - This is a set of lines that transmit signals/information be- byte - A group of data units forming a single unit of data.
  • Page 167 data - Any kind of information. However, this word is generally used to describe computer-related information. debugging - A method for correcting computer errors. default - This is an existing setting in a computer. - This is an acronym for Dual In-line Package, which is a method for packaging integrated circuits.
  • Page 168 driver - A program that lets a peripheral device and a computer expansion slot - This is a slots in which adapters and/or cards can be file - A file is a collection of related information/data you store filename - Each file on a disk has a name. This name has two parts: fixed or hard disk - This is a non-removable disk used for storage of large format...
  • Page 169 interface - A means for electronic machines to communicate. Inter- face also means to communicate with a computer and its peripheral components. kilobyte (KB) - A single data unit that is composed of 1024 bytes. math coprocessor - A math coprocessor lets you do arithmetic and calcula- tions more efficiently.
  • Page 170 - Nanoseconds. This is a unit of time measurement for operating system - This is software that controls the execution of programs. output - Any information or bits of data that are channeled from partition - A disk drive can be divided into several logical sections or peripheral - Output devices which are driven by the computer.
  • Page 171 - Read Only Memory. This is data stored on an IC in the computer. RS-232 - RS232 is a standardized communications interface be- tween data communication equipment and your com- puter. setup - This section guides you through the preparations you’ll need to make before operating your computer.

This manual is also suitable for:

Keen-3304

Table of Contents