Page 1 Implementation of Physical layer of a network via practical analysis Capstone Project MINT 709 Parul Khara...
Page 2 Abstract Telecommunications is world’s largest industry, bringing people together. Its establishment took a long time and it is in continuous improvement till date. The telecommunication state of art infrastructure in present day is the combined result of hard work that the network engineers and field technicians put in over the past century.
Page 3 Acknowledgement This project is incomplete without expressing my gratitude to the people whose supervision and guidance made it possible. First and foremost I would like to thank Mr. Mike Agouros(CEO, Dialtone MD Inc) my mentor in personal as well as professional life. He has greatly influenced me and his constant feedback &...
Page 4: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents 1. Install and Repair of Telecom Lines ......................... 7 1.1 Transmission Lines ............................. 9 1.1.1 Powering the Telephone System ...................... 10 1.2 Cable Characteristics ..........................12 1.2.1 Type of Cables ........................... 14 1.2.2 Color Codes ............................14 1.3 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)...................
Page 5 3.1.1 Optik TV STB ............................81 3.1.2 Optik TV Features ..........................81 3.2 Wireless settings ............................82 3.3 Configuring the Actiontec Wireless Network Extender ................83 3.3.1 Connecting the WCB3000N ....................... 83 3.3.2 Telus Actiontec V1000H/V2000H/T1200/T2200 GUI: ..............85 3.3.3 Logging into the WCB3000N ......................85 3.3.4 Changing the default Username and Password ................
Page 6 5.1 Field Link ..............................114 5.2 Fits and E.Fulfillment ..........................120 5.3 DSL Expresse ............................124 5.4 Inssider Office ............................128 Page 6 of 130...
Page 7: Install And Repair Of Telecom Lines
1. Install and Repair of Telecom Lines Telecommunication is the most developing juncture from past 200 years, from drum & smoke signals to satellite & internet networks. This boom of technology has gone through many phases such as electrical telegraph, telephone, radio & television, video telephony to mobile (cellular) and computer networks. In this section, we will cover install and repair for putting up a telephone connection from Central office to a residential or business place.
Page 8  The unit of measure for a cycle is 1 Hertz (Hz), and is measured relative to 1 second. A signal that oscillates 10 times per second would have a frequency of 10 Hz. A signal that oscillates 60 times per second would have a frequency of 60 Hz.
Page 9: Transmission Lines
Figure 2: DTMF dialing 1.1 Transmission Lines The signal between your telephone, the Central Office, and the person you are calling, flows along a transmission line of some kind. A transmission line is any medium over which the signal can flow. This could be copper wiring, such as twisted Pair (TP) or Coaxial cable (COAX).
Page 10: Powering The Telephone System
Figure 3: Switches in CO, Nortel DMS 100 (Left) & Lucent 5ESS (Right) Lucent 5ESS 5ESS (Class five Electronic Switching System).  First appeared in 1982 and was developed by Western Electric and now sold by Western Electric's descendant, Alcatel-Lucent. ...
Page 11 Figure 4: AC vs DC Circuit  You will be most familiar with AC circuits as those that deliver 120 or perhaps 240 volts, AC, to power the appliances, lights and electrical outlets in your home.  The direction of electron flow in Direct Current (DC) circuits is constant at all times. DC voltages are always trying to find a path to ground.
Page 12: Cable Characteristics
1.2 Cable Characteristics All cable has certain characteristics which will determine its operational parameters. In this section, you will learn of the most important characteristics of copper cable. Balance  A balanced cable is one in which both conductors are of the same type and have equal impedance to ground or other circuits.
Page 13 Figure 6: Single Line with POTS and DSL connection Resistance  The degree to which a conductor or an electrical circuit opposes an electrical current flowing through it. It is somewhat analogous to the idea of friction, which in mechanical systems opposes the movement of equipment.
Page 14: Type Of Cables
Inductance  The generation of a magnetic field, in a conductor, due to the fact that an electrical current is flowing along it. Inductance raises the resistance of a conductor, thus increasing attenuation.  A given length of cable will have a certain amount of inductance, and this fact is taken into account when circuits are created.
Page 15 Ring Colors Each color is used for rings of 5 different twisted pairs in a 25-pair binder group. These are the ring colors for pairs 1 through 5. The sequence repeats for every 5 pairs. Tip Colors Each color is used for tips of 5 twisted pairs in a 25-pair binder group. The color changes for each new set of 5 pairs.
Page 16: Pstn (Public Switched Telephone Network)
1.3 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)  PSTN is known as the “world’s most complex machine”. It is the world’s public telephone network and is consist of copper wires, fiber optic cables, microwave transmission links, communications satellite, cellular networks and telephone sets. ...
Page 17: Connections At Co
Switch Signaling In order for you to make a phone call, you would need to signal the CO switch and the CO to signal back to your telephone and vice versa. This communication back and forth is known as Signaling.There are several types of signaling the telephone system can handle but the most common one is known as Supervisory Signals which occur before and after a conversation has been established.
Page 18  Vertical Distribution Frame is the cable going out to the SAC/JWI or directly to the Demarcation point. A component at the VDF is the protection unit: fuses or other devices that protect the switch from lightning, shorts with electric power lines, or other foreign voltages coming from the Outside Plant (OSP).
Page 19 Figure 11: MDF – Wire wrap Blocks Figure 12: Protector (Left0 & MPC Mainframe Connector (QCM486) 100-Pair Connector (Right) Page 19 of 130...
Page 20: Co Tools
Jumper Wires Jumper wire is a short wire which is used at both CO and SAC boxes to complete an electric circuit or bypass a break in a circuit. Figure 13: Jumper Wires Color code for jumper wire used are as follows: ...
Page 21: Connector Terminations
2. Wire Wrap Tools – Figure 14: Wire Wrap gun & Wire Stripper tool  Strip the wire to the correct length 3.8 cm (1.5 inches).  Pull back gently on the gun during the wrap.  Turns must be tight. ...
Page 22 BIX blocks BIX blocks are used to interface between inside and outside cables in multi-tenant or commercial buildings. They are also common in large homes with many inside wire runs to a “star connection” point. In these environments, they represent the demarcation point. They are designed to be installed in a business entrance terminal (BET), metal inside terminal (MIT) box, an indoor closet or equipment room.
Page 23: Bix Installation
Figure 17: R66 Block (Left) and 110 tool used to terminate R66 (Right) 1.3.3 BIX Installation Figure 18: BIX installations  BIX blocks are normally associated with inside wire cable, they also are used to interface between inside and outside cables, as well as occasionally in pedestal terminals. ...
Page 24 Figure 19: BIX Impact Tool is used to terminate BIX blocks. Figure 20: Cut over Buried to BIX & ADSL/POTS Splitter used today in all high rises Figure 21: Jumper wires running to closets and suites from the P1 level enter phone Feeder Cable A feeder cable is a large cable that runs from the CO and carries individual cable counts of different sizes of up to 3900 copper pairs.
Page 25: Serving Area Concept Box/Jwi/Xconn
Figure 22: Feeder Cable running Distribution cable The distribution cable is a smaller version of a feeder cable. It contains a smaller number of twisted pair wires. The wrapping or sheath that covers a cable varies based on where it is located for example, buried versus aerial.
Page 26  Serving Area Concept Box and Jumper Wire Interface Box is referring to the same service box.  A cabinet that houses the feeder cable pairs (IN pair) and distribution cable pairs (OUT pair). The Green Cover Modules (usually in the center) is the cable from the Feeder. The Blue Cover Modules (usually on each side) is the cable to the Terminals, which will cover more in detail in the next few sides.
Page 27 Figure 25: ADSL Connection Block on top of Feeder/Distribution Test Clip at the SAC  MS2 4047A Pair Test Plug Assembly (with tool dish).  Every SAC should have a test plug for you to use to monitor or test the individual pairs.
Page 28 Figure 27: Impact Tools Running Jumpers in the SAC/JWI  Insert the jumper from top of MS2 modular block and run it straight down.  Ensure tip color is at the left of marking and ring color is at the right of marking. ...
Page 29: Sac To House Components
1.4.1 SAC to House components Figure 28: Basic Flow from SAC to house components  After you have done your work in the Central Office, and Serving Area Concept box, you would head to the Ready Access Terminal (RAT).  The RAT is terminal that is located close to the customer premise where the Drop cable is ran into the customer home.
Page 30: Binding Post Blocks
The binding post block used in the RA is the 145B. The binding posts can be random access (technician chooses a free binding post) or in some cases, dedicated. When dedicated, the technician is told by assignment which binding post to use. The binding posts are connected to the cable pairs with fuse links, shown here.
Page 31 Figure 31: Binding Post Blocks The binding posts can be random access, where the technician chooses a free binding post and attaches it to the assigned cable pair. Or in most urban centers/districts, they are dedicated, which means that a splicer has attached the binding posts to the cable pairs in advance and the Assignment Group assigns the binding post on the order.
Page 32 Figure 32: Pedestals Underground drops are run to pedestals either in conduit or as direct buried cable. Pedestals may or may not have identification numbers visible from the road. Rural Alberta numbers translate as follows: Example 90902  9 means rural ...
Page 33 Shared Pedestal Figure 33: Shared Pedestal with EPCOR Other Access Points (AP)  A splice, pull or service box are tubs made of concrete or plastic.  Used as access points, they serve as protection for smaller cables that are run in conduit, primarily in subdivisions.
Page 34: Tools Used
1.4.3 Tools Used Figure 34: NIB/NID Security Driver (Left) & Scotlock Clippers (Right) Figure 35: Can Wrench (Left) and SAV Impact Tool (Right) Figure 36: Screw Drivers Page 34 of 130...
Page 35: Terminal Types
Figure 37: Spudder Probe (Left) & Butt Set (Right) 1.5 Terminal Types Terminals fall into 3 main categories: Aerial Aerial terminals include Ready Access (AC) and SLIC terminals. The Ready Access terminal is a legacy terminal that is increasingly being replaced with the 3M SLIC terminal. The RA contains binding post blocks that allow the terminal to be expanded from the standard 6 customer’s to a maximum of 24 in multiples of 6.
Page 36: Binding Post Counting
Figure 42: Buried Terminals In Alberta the drop is normally direct buried from the pedestal to the house. The technician runs the drop up the side of the house in a conduit and attaches a NIB. Encapsulated splices are splices where typically 2 pairs are dedicated from the SAC to the house.
Page 37: Clear Capping
If binding posts are labelled, they just need to be counted. If they are not labelled, then you need to use what you learned about color coding. You need to correlate the pair count to where the color codes would be. On typical 145B aerial terminals, use odd –...
Page 38: Protectors, Bonding And Grounding
1.5.4 Protectors, Bonding and Grounding Protectors The station protector is the last connection point for drop wire when you install a single line service. Station protection provides a path to ground in case of excess voltage. It is important to install a protector properly in order to protect the safety of telephone users and employees, as well as to prevent damage to property.
Page 39: Terminal Wiring
 Open contact actuator by simply pulling back on caps with thumb or finger. Do not over open.  Insert wire into color coded ports.  Visually inspect for full wire insertion through the transparent body.  Close firmly.  Make sure that all contact actuators are left in the “down”...
Page 40: Nid (Network Interface Device)
1.6 NID (Network Interface Device) Network interface devices (NIDs) have been developed to deal with interconnect. The interface device provides the following:  Electrical protection for the subscriber loop.  Test point for Field Technician.  Test and access point for the customer.
Page 41  What is a Surge?  A “surge” is a short-term increase in voltage or current. Both lightning and the AC power distribution system cause surges, but of very different magnitudes and durations.  These events can either be via direct contact or by ﬁeld or resistive coupling from events close to the telephone system, resulting in a wide variety of threats.
Page 42: Nid Install And Upgrade
Figure 46: Bonding 1.6.1 NID Install and Upgrade Step 1. Attaching the NID to the house Figure 47: Attaching the NIB to the house  Make sure to fasten NIB with correct screws.  Be sure to add sealant to any areas where the NIB does not make a tight seal. ...
Page 43 Step 2. Dressing your cables and connecting your ground Figure 48: Dressing your cables and connecting your ground Step 3. Butting and unsheathing, buried drop Page 43 of 130...
Page 44 Figure 49: Butting and unsheathing, buried drop Step 4. Bonding Figure 50: Bonding Step 5. Dressing Cables  Butting should be added prior to alligator.  Alligator clip must be fastened tightly.  All ground connections must be tightened. Page 44 of 130...
Page 45  #6 ground should have slack. Figure 51: Dressing Cables Step 6. Protection Figure 52: Protection Step 7. Securing NID upon Completion Page 45 of 130...
Page 46: Drops
Figure 53: NID Completion 1.7 Drops A drop (also known as a network service wire or NSW) can be either aerial or buried. Aerial drops: There are 2 main styles of aerial drop used:  The black 2 & 6 pair drop, used primarily in Alberta. These are rectangular. ...
Page 47 The underground drop is now usually either spliced directly into the cable or is connected at pedestal terminals. Occasionally it is run up a pole, and in the past in BC, it has been connected in pull boxes to stubs using Klick-it, Zebra or preformed closures.
Page 48 Loading coils are still used in long cables. A common application of loading coils is to improve the voice-frequency amplitude response characteristics of the twisted balanced pairs in a telephone cable. Loading coils inserted periodically in series with a pair of wires reduce the attenuation at the higher voice frequencies up to the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter formed by the inductance of the coils.
Page 49: Attaching Drops
Figure 41: Vaults Vaults can be anywhere from the size of a small box to a large room. Vaults have been designed for the housing and easy access to telephone and cable-TV splices. Vaults can be very dangerous because of lack of oxygen and their tendency to accumulate carbon monoxide, natural gas and other hazardous gases.
Page 50 Note that the rough side of the spacer tab goes on the drop side of the assembly. Color Code for 2 & 6 Black pair 4 Pair Grey Drops Figure 55: 4 Pair Grey Drop The grey 4 pair drop is used primarily in BC. The color code is based on the PIC code (e.g. 1 ring & tip colors, second ring and tip colors).
Page 51 Splicing drop wire While the legacy 18.5 AWG drop wire was designed to be spliced, modern multi pair drop wire is not. In circumstances where an existing modern multi pair drop has to be extended and replacing the entire drop is not an option (e.g.
Page 52: Aerial Drop Routing
The network service wire is secured to the messenger at the pole by a span clamp. The span clamp is attached a minimum of 10 cm (4") from the span side of the aerial terminal and 38 cm (15") from the pole on the opposite side of the pole.
Page 53 Five things need to be considered when routing aerial drops:  Ground clearance  Power separation  Pole to pole spans  Terminal to premises spans  Stringing sag Ground clearance Aerial trespass over private property must be avoided. In order to avoid aerial trespass, route the wire to the mid-span and put on span clamps.
Page 54: Attaching Underground Drops
This particular application is easier to apply since an existing service like the electrical utility can be followed in many instances. This particular application is easier to apply since an existing service like the electrical utility can be followed in many instances. Attachment to wood-sided buildings is done with either a “P”...
Page 55 Underground Drop Installation You will need to connect 3 wires to the NIB and protector: drop, ground and Cat 5. They run from an STB or LB connector to the customer’s power panel. (STB and LB connectors are access fittings that protect wire and allow it to be routed at a 90-degree angle.) If there is no ground wire, either the technician will need to install it.
Page 56: Repair A Buried Drop
1.7.4 Repair a Buried Drop There are many scenarios where cable is cut, in these circumstances buried drop repair is required. In this section we’ll simulate the buried drop repair experience. Splice kits are used for physical damage, in particular they can be used to extend temporary buried drops (above ground ) or repair cut and damaged drops.
Page 57: Pots Splitter
Figure 60: Series of process for Buried drop Figure 61: 2 Buried wires spliced for further connectivity 1.8 POTS Splitter POTS splitters are one of the components used in a basic single-line installation. Although they are only used when a customer has HSIA or TTV service, you may encounter them at POTS-only customer’s premises, if the previous tenant did have those services.
Page 58: Alarm Jacks
Primarily used where the Star Configuration Point is in the NIB. It is also used in trailer park installations where the NIB is placed on a 4 x 4 post, and the Star Configuration point is at the post. Figure 63: Tii 80-410V-11 1.
Page 59 The 8-position RJ45 has shorting bars to complete the circuit even if there is no cord plugged into the jack. This assures that if there is an alarm condition, the alarm panel can have exclusive access to the phone line by cutting off the remaining inside jacks.
Page 60 Figure 66: MDU 25 Tii ISB The Tii Intercom System Bypass (ISB) module, or ISB, is a solution for interrupt style Enterphone systems, where the customer premises is serviced by a single riser pair, and they subscribe to services such as TELUS TV or xDSL.
Page 61 Figure 67: RJ11 Jack RJ11 mounts The RJ11 came in flush mount (also referred to as a wall jack) with the profile of an electrical plug plate, and in surface mount (also called base board jacks). The flush mount was installed in a wall box, “caddy fastener”, or a “mud” ring. Normally these jacks were installed at the level of the electrical plugs, with the top of the plate about 35 cm (or 14 inches) from the floor.
Page 62: Reviewing Different Types Of Order
Wire is relatively cheap. Opening walls is expensive. As a result, it is often best to pull more wire than will immediately be required. This provides the capacity and flexibility for the future needs of the ho Figure 69: Wiring Standards 1.10 Reviewing Different types of Order Now that we’ve covered the components required for installing residential service, we’ll move along to the types of orders you’ll be working with.
Page 63 There are three types of LNP: 1. Servicer Provider Portability allows the customer to move from one service provider to another and retain the same phone number. 2. Location Portability allows a customer to keep their phone numbers, when they move outside the exchange area covered by their current central office.
Page 64 For example, if the following conditions are in place, it is a non-fielded order:  Only the CO software needs to be updated to provide service  Only the CO software needs to be updated along with CO jumper work A Non-fielded order will become fielded as a trouble if for some reason the circuit doesn’t work.
Page 65: Adsl
2. ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a standard for digital communications between client and remote network host. It is asymmetric because the transmission rates for downstream and upstream are different with the downstream rate higher than the upstream rate. The downstream direction is from the service provider to the customer, and the upstream direction is from the customer to the service provider ADSL generally offers downstream rates of about 512Kbps to 6Mbps.
Page 66 the receiving channel can climb to 6 Mbit/s, but actual performance depends on the condition of the line being used. There was a DSL Forum formed towards the end of 1994, and this was set up to help telephone companies and their suppliers realize the great market potential of ADSL.
Page 67 Loop Class Description Rate Class I 6000ft, 26 gauge 6.176 Mbps Class II 8000ft, 26 gauge 4.632 Mbps Class III 12000 ft, 24 gauge 3.088 Mbps Class IV 18000 ft, 26 gauge 1.544 Mbps Key Points  A technology that converts existing twisted pair phone line into a high-speed transmission path for data communications ...
Page 68: Dmt (Discrete Multi-Tone Modulation)
How ADSL Achieve its High Speed  Efficient Bit Encoding schemes that match the transmission medium and the available bandwidth of the medium is what ultimately determines the speed of a delivery system.  If you have ONE MILLION CYCLES PER SECOND of bandwidth available and you can vary each one in some manner, you can transfer information on each cycle.
Page 69: Vdsl2
More bins  3479 bins in total  Each bin is 8 kHz wide  VDSL2 max rate is 100 Mbps Figure 75: VDSL2 VDSL2 modems are Alcatel Lucent Cellpipe – Modem & Actiontec V1000H – Gateway. Page 69 of 130...
Page 70: Inside Of An Rdac (Remote Data Acquisition And Control)
Bandwidth Comparison Ports • DMT2 port uses Bay and Unit. – Example – Bay 2345 and Unit 5678. – If you look in E-fulfillment, then you can find where it is located in the In-Frame/Out-Frame. – DMT2 port can be located in the SAC box and these are referred to as Stingers. They would be read as AP3011, unit 12345 (AP stands for access point and 3011 would be your SAC number) •...
Page 71: Inside Of Sac
• There are “In” ports and “Out” ports in the DSL block. • You must connect Dial Tone to the “In” port. • Then connect “Out” port to FX/customer. • The “In” port on the DSL takes the dial tone then injects the DSL (Frequency) on the “Out” port to your customer.
Page 72: Factors Affecting Adsl
2.4 Factors affecting ADSL Crosstalk Whenever a current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is set up around the conductor in a direction given by the right-hand corkscrew rule. Figure 79: Crosstalk If we now bring another pair of conductors close to the first, the re-enforcing field created by the currents flowing in the first line cuts through the plane of the new line, and this has the effect of inducing current into the new line.
Page 73 Figure 81: Poor SNR Power Influence • The measurement of the electromagnetic field from AC power induced into a cable pair • PI < 90 dBrnc = OK Longitudinal Balance For efficient transmission, the impedance (Z) to earth of each conductor must be as near to equal as possible. This is called the longitudinal balance of the line.
Page 74: Installation
Error Packets • FEC – Forward Error Correction allows the receiver to detect and correct errors without asking for more data – FEC < 500 (after 2 minutes) = OK • CRC – Cyclic Redundancy Check detects accidental changes to raw data –...
Page 75: Loop Bonding
Connected via two copper pairs to the customer's residence. • VDSL2 signals combined into a modem with a bonding capacity of two telephone signals. • Actiontec Gateway V2000H. • Bandwidth management is controlled by the modem • Both loops must meet minimum requirements.
Page 76 by the DSLAM at the group, not at either port. So if the “master” port goes down, the group is still up via the slave port, and thus service continues to work, albeit at a reduced rate. Figure 84: DSLAM Connection Benefits of Loop Bonding •...
Page 77: Premise Equipment
During the customer installation, a secondary Comtest POTS splitter is required as a best practice. Correctly label both telephone numbers at the POTS splitter. Note: The Actiontec V1000H is not compatible with bonded lines as it does not have the input for a second phone line.
Page 78: Testing A Bonded Connection
When stocking your truck, make a notation on the outside of each box to help track your stock. • Always ensure that you are using the correct model, V2000H for Bonding and V1000H for single line installations and troubleshooting. •...
Page 79 Figure 87: NCI – 465 tool Testing the Modem Our V2000H modem provides B/G/N in mixed mode, but the customer’s PC/MAC wireless card may understand only one of these modes, and thus the speed subscribed to will not be attained.
Page 80: Telus Optik Tv
3. TELUS OPTIK TV What is IPTV? IPTV is the transmission of TV signals through packet data networks that use IP addressing. It also comprises of TV and Multimedia Content in Digital Format, IP Distribution Networks and IP Viewing Devices. Services provided by them are: ...
Page 81: Optik Tv Stb
Figure 89: HD STB CIS 330(Left) and HD PVR CIS 430(Right) The Cisco CIS430 HD / PVR Set Top Box has both SD and HD as well as PVR capabilities: The Cisco CIS430 HD / PVR Set Top Box offers customers the convenience to record their favourite shows to watch on their time and at their convenience.
Page 82: Wireless Settings
 Discretionary Content: Customers have the choice of TV channels that appeal to them. TELUS offers packages (pre-selected groups of channels) that allow customization based on customers desires. 3.2 Wireless settings Coverage Conditions Use the following coverage considerations to ensure all customers receive excellent wireless coverage in their homes.
Page 83: Configuring The Actiontec Wireless Network Extender
1. Before plugging the power into the Extender, use an Ethernet/Cat5 cable to connect one of the LAN ports on the back of the Extender to a LAN port on the back of the Actiontec gateway. 2. Plug one end of the power supply in the power port of the Extender, and the other into an available electrical outlet.
Page 84 4. Within 2 minutes of performing step 3, press the WPS button the front of the gateway for two seconds. It will start flashing. Note - Actiontec V1000H WPS button flashes green and red; V2000H flashes green only 5. Wait for the process to complete. If the pairing is successful, the WPS button on the Extender will be illuminated with a green ring.
Page 85: Telus Actiontec V1000H/V2000H/T1200/T2200 Gui
1. Plug in the Extender’s power cable and power up the device. 2. Connect the Extender to the gateway via an Ethernet cable. 3.3.2 Telus Actiontec V1000H/V2000H/T1200/T2200 GUI: Navigate to the Gateway’s Home screen by entering “192.168.1.254” in the address box of a web browser. In the Home screen, the Extender’s IP address will appear under “Home Network.”...
Page 86: Configuring The Wcb3000N
After logging in to the Extender with its unique 8-character password for the first time, the GUI username and password can be changed. 1. From the Extender’s Home screen, click Advanced Setup. 2. The Advanced Setup screen appears. Select “Change Password” from the menu on the left. 3.
Page 87: Wireless Stb Setup
3. The wireless security screen will appear Figure 93: Wireless security screen 4. Enter the SSID name of the gateway’s wireless network name in the “Wireless Network Name “text box. It is important that you use the same wireless network name and passphrase on both the extender and gateway to ensure seamless roaming between the two 2.4GHz wireless access points.
Page 88: Coax And Iptv
2. Connect access point to power and wait for the solid light. Then connect access point to gateway. Acceptable Gateways: Actiontec V1000 / T1200 / V2000 / T2200 3. Ensure Toggle behind Access Point is set to AP not CL.
Page 89  Never remove aluminum braid or foil from the coax when installing connector.  Replace all non-compression “F” connectors. They are the leading cause of issues.  Ensure the right type of connector is used – RG59 or RG6.  Connectors with significant ‘air-gaps’...
Page 90: Blast Test (Broadband Loop And Service Testing)
 Ensure no extreme bends or crushing of coax.  When toning out a coax line, ensure there is no continuity on the line and when using a toner ensure “tone” is loud &clear.  Make necessary repairs and retest to check for improvement. ...
Page 91 Figure 96: logging into Synopsis Figure 97: Inventory Screen Page 91 of 130...
Page 92: Example Of Blast Test Done
Figure 98: Blast test done in Synopsis Example of Blast Test done Telus 3577C DSL Expert System - Revision 1.122 Test Start Time: 03/01/16 15:50:12 SyNOPsis has indicated Customer's DSL Type is VDSL2. Setting up test connection Step 1 of 4 Accessing XDSL-1-1-4-16 SWPKABU0042DS02 Testset_version = RA03.41.01 Testing from DSLAM towards Network...
Page 93 Actual Delay (ms) = 7 8 Line Attenuation (dB) = 13.7 15.3 Loop Estimate Equivalent Gauge = Generic26AWG Equivalent Loop Length (meters) = 395 Number of Bridged Taps = 0 Bridged Tap 1 (meters) = N/A Bridged Tap 2 (meters) = N/A Tap Search Range (meters) = 5.0 - 261.0 Confidence level (%) = 100 Data Rate Reduction (Downstream Actuals)
Page 94 Benefits of Blast Test  Testing can be completed remotely  Consistent testing approach  Automated testing using test sequenced dialogs  Part of service testing roadmap (Reactive > Proactive > Preemptive)  Results are stored for future reference/ Proactive analysis ...
Page 95: Technician Responsibilities
 Site IP Pings & Trace-route  Network Video Channel Change ZAP Time Test  Network Video Quality MDI Test; Media Loss Rate & Delay Factor IPMax Facility Broadband & Narrowband Tests:  Emulates DSLAM Port and supports ADSL, ADSL2+, and VDSL2 ...
Page 96  Use TELUS provided power bar only - directly to duplex receptacle  Label ADSL / TV jacks  Have customer accept “User Agreement”  Run Speed Test Phase 2  Preview the Customer’s Existing TV Quality, If customer has a Home Theatre system you will want to check the sound quality as well ...
Page 97 Figure 101: Insight Screen   Session Progress Page 97 of 130...
Page 98 Figure 102: Insight session with all details Page 98 of 130...
Page 99: Gigabit Passive Optical Network
4. Gigabit Passive Optical Network  Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) is the common name for the ITU-T G.984 standard for bridging the access gap from a customer’s home to the CO with fibre.  GPON is a Point to Multi-Point (P2MP) type of architecture. A single fibre leaves the CO and is passively split in the Outside Plant to feed 32 homes or small businesses.
Page 100: Co - Olt (Optical Line Termination)
Figure 104: Architecture 4.1 CO – OLT (Optical Line Termination) Figure 105: Optical Line Termination Local Convergence Point (Splitter Cabinet) Page 100 of 130...
Page 101 Figure 106: Local Convergence Point Strands distribution Figure 107: Strands Distribution FlexNap  FlexNAP = Flexible Network Access Point  A Terminal Distribution System (often referred to as “Pre-Term” or “FITS” in its copper life) is a fiber optic distribution cable with network access point’s pre-connectorized at customer-specified locations along the length of the cable.
Page 102: Drop Cables
 FlexNAP is compatible with both aerial and below-grade distribution applications. Distribution – Opti Tap on Splice Closures  Distribution cable fibers are terminated to factory installed pigtails.  Pigtails are routed to environmentally sealed OptiFit adapters  OptiFit drop cables are pre-terminated to connect to sealed adapter ...
Page 103: Alu Ont
Figure 109: Optical Network terminator 4.1.3 ALU ONT The ALU GPON fibre to the home deployment will enable higher BW HSIA plans and will support multiple SD and HD STB’s, as well as Derived Voice, at the customer premise. The ALU I-220A indoor ONT is installed in the customer premise with a single fibre SC connector running back to the passive splitter cabinet in the field.
Page 104 Figure111: Loop of stack at pedestal and orange tag Proper amounts of slack allow the conduit to shift in the ground (as the ground settles) without putting excess stress on any bend points within the NAP. The same rationale is applied to leaving slack in the NID and/or conduit at the premise.
Page 105 Figure 113: Fiber drop in NIB • All aerial drops must have a transition or NIB box installed outside the house. • All LBs must be secured with screws on all Falcon Drops. • In Mass Market areas (Calgary/Edmonton, etc.) an outside Transition Box or NIB is not required when using a Clear Curve fibre drop but all drops must be stripped and have 1m+ of slack fibre coiled up inside the LB.
Page 106 Figure 114: All buried drops should be stripped before entering premises and NIB with Fiber Drop • The enclosed NAP is only accessible by Cable Repair and the blue strand is spliced through. • The other strands (orange/green/brown) can be used for additional services to the premise but must be prepared by Cable Repair.
Page 107 Figure 115: Enclosed NAP and TRANSITION BOX INSTALLED ABOVE AN EXISTING NIB • Due to co-existing copper services, a transition can be added above the NIB • If the composite fiber becomes too short to be terminated at the LB (and the LB is high enough off the ground) the conduit can be cut into and a transition box or second NIB installed below the LB (Cable Repair will not extend the composite drop if there is enough space to install a box below the Figure 116: NIB Installation below the LB...
Page 108 Figure 117: Cut the white tube at the middle of the NIB, cutting the tube at the corners will put stress on the fiber strands (Left) & as composite fiber is much smaller, a sleeve must be used (Right) Fujikura fiber drop aka AFL, it is exclusive to AFL built aerial overlay in Calgary Hillhurst and major part of Crescent Heights communities.
Page 109: Static Ip Over Gpon
Figure 118: Fujikura Fiber Drop 4.3 Static IP over GPON Now we will discuss the configurations and order flow process for setting up Internet and Internet + TV for small businesses upgrading from copper to fiber, and includes procedures for SMB customers that have also requested a static ip.
Page 110 III) STATIC IP: HS IV) STATIC IP: HS + TV PROCESS STEP 1: Once your ONT is installed and registered and you have an acceptable light level on your fiber path (maximum loss -26db) initiate an order flow (go/rof) on the copper circuit. Then initiate the order flow on your GPON circuit.
Page 111: Coax Clarifier
Note 1: The customer’s existing static ip on copper cannot be migrated over to gpon. This is because the static ip for copper and gpon are from two different and separated ip pools. Note 2: If the customer’s equipment is already registered with a static ip on our copper network, then their equipment has to be de-registered (i.e.
Page 112 Copper Gate  Tests packet loss between boxes  Netinf test: sends packets between all HPNA devices in a network and looks for lost/corrupt packets  Netinf is a snapshot test and may not detect an existing fault  Netper test: Monitors traffic between HPNA devices and looks for lost/corrupt packets ...
Page 113 Length Test The Length Test is used to measure the length of a coax run. 1. Connect Coax Clarifier to coax run to be tested. Ensure cable is open on far end. 2. Press the Length Button. 3. Use the Up and Down buttons to select the cable type (RG6 or RG59).
Page 114: Telus Metaframe
5. Telus Metaframe Telus has developed many applications so that it can be a help for the field technicians and dispatch to track all the services from Central offices to House and Business premises. Figure 119: Telus Metaframe We will discuss major applications which help a technician to assign jobs, see their work orders, know the cable pairs and in prior perform some tests before reaching the premises.
Page 115 A pinned status indicates a job is locked to your board and cannot be moved by the system. In some cases, jobs must be pinned because of glitches in Click, but might still be moved by a dispatcher. WIPs are pinned to your day and will not be moved. Never work on a tentative job, even if it is pinned, unless you are asked to do so by a dispatcher.
Page 116 Figure123: Enroute and onsite display How to use En Route and On Site? If you use the ‘En Route’ or ‘On Site’ buttons, you will NOT be able to adjust ‘Job Started’ and ‘On Site’ times when you write off the ticket. When you select ‘On Site’, the scheduled time changes to the current time. This could open up more space for work in your day.
Page 117 Figure126: Triple Stacking If you do not want to cause triple or double-play jobs to stack, only update ‘En Route’ and ‘On Site’ using the buttons for the first scheduled piece. Any time you go ‘On Site’ to a job that is scheduled in the future, you may be opening up your day for more work.
Page 118 Figure 128: Job Tabs The orange ‘Accept’ button will be lit up if there are any jobs you have not yet accepted. (For example, jobs in dispatched status.) Whether you accept them or not, dispatched jobs will stay on your board. The ‘Future’ tab can be used to view tentative work, and completed or incompleted jobs will show up on the ‘Cleared’...
Page 119 • Incorrect Customer Information (This is only if the issue cannot be resolved like when an order is in the wrong province.) • No Access (Legitimate No Access with ANT confirmation.) • Safety Customer Fault To Incomplete a Job... 1. Select ‘Incomplete’. 2.
Page 120: Fits And E.fulfillment
• Route to AWAS - Reroute • Customer Work in Progress - WIP • TELUS World in Progress - WIP Note: You can seem more examples in the drop-down menu after selecting ‘Incomplete’ on any active job. Signing off a WIP The following example will walk you through signing off a WIP.
Page 121 In one week Assignment gets:  Over 2000 calls to provide basic order/ticket information  Over 1000 calls to change a cable  Over 600 calls to release a switch hold code. In order to reduce Assignment wait times for CSD we need to substantially reduce calls for: ...
Page 122  Terminal information can be looked up using the COID & the Access Point number  This query will provide the Terminal address along with the counts.  This query also shows binding post information for each range. Figure 133: AP inquiry Cable Pair Inquiry –...
Page 123 Figure 136: Line Equipment Information Cable Change Cable Changes can be done in FITS or e.Fulfillment  It will depend on why you are changing the cable as to what tool you choose  Trouble Cuts – start with FITS ...
Page 124: Dsl Expresse
Figure 138: Cable Change in e.Fullfilment Releasing Switch hold Codes  Use FITS to release the switch-work hold codes for an order  FITS can be used to release single Line switch work held orders  Standard Process applies to co-ordinated, held orders. Please ensure that all comments on the order are reviewed prior to removing a hold to ensure that it is not a co-ordinated for some reason.
Page 125 Figure 139: DSL Expresse Using DSLe will reduce repeats by identifying problems relating to Outside Plant that may not be captured by other testing tools (i.e.: KIT/BLAST) Using DSLe properly will allow us to provide excellent service on the first visit with no repeats. When to use it? ...
Page 126  If you are dealing with a chronic synch loss issue where the actual train rate and maximum attainable rate (head room) is less than 5 to 10 Mbps, you should call T1 to disable the profile optimization function of DSL Expresse for that port. A “standard profile” of 31.5 Mbps downstream is sufficient to support 3HD/15HS service Figure 141: Important areas to look at within DSL Expresse ...
Page 127 Figure 142: Example of DSL Expresse diagnostic test Our Example circuit shows a pretty clean line. The inserted picture includes an example of a circuit with a 62m Bridge Tap detected. Bonded Circuits: Both ports will be selectable under the “port” column (see top of picture) to compare the health and status of both lines.
Page 128: Inssider Office
Highlighted sections are color-coded areas that indicate problem areas with a circuit. Red denotes an issue with that section, and the comments section provides information as to what could be the cause (i.e.: AM or AM-like noise will likely have “possible cable grounding fault” in the comments) 5.4 Inssider Office InSSIDer is an Wi-Fi analyzer provides information on all networks in the proximity of the client modem, including signal strength in dBm (some tools refer to this as RSSI), channel, security, MAC address of each...
Page 129 automatically select the channel for you upon initial setup but, depending on your wireless environment, it could lead to slow Wi-Fi speeds and interference. Non-Overlapping Channels Each channel on the 2.4 GHz spectrum is 20 MHz wide. The channel centers are separated by 5 MHz, and the entire spectrum is only 100 MHz wide total.
Page 130 Figure 145: InSSider details Signal strength is indicated in –dBm and the closer to 0 the better. The dotted line in InSSIDer is set standard at -75dBm and for TELUS installations can be deemed as an unreliable signal strength. TELUS aims for -50dBm in all areas of the customer’s home. Using the recommended channel from InSSIDer, move the modem broadcast channel accordingly and re-test the download speeds (i.e.: www.speedtest.net).

ActionTec V2000H Manual

1 Install and Repair of Telecom Lines

2 Adsl

3 Telus Optik Tv

4 Gigabit Passive Optical Network

5 Telus Metaframe

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