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Appendix D. Glossary
baud rate
A measure of transmission speed over an analog phone line. Baud rate measures
the shortest signaling elements per second in the analog signal that a modem
sends over an analog phone line. Does not necessarily equal the bit rate.
BERT
bit error rate test. A test that uses any of a number of stress patterns to test T3,
T1, FT1, and DDS circuits.
bipolar
A signal containing both positive and negative amplitude components.
bipolar violation
See BPV.
bit
A binary digit representing a signal, wave, or state as either a one or a zero. A bit
is the smallest unit of information a computer can process.
bit error
The receipt of an encoded bit that differs from what was sent by the transmitter.
bit rate
The speed at which bits are transmitted, usually expressed in bits per second
(bps).
blue alarm (AIS)
An alarm used in T1/T3 transmission. In a T3 circuit, blue alarms occur when
there is a transmission fault located either at or upstream from the transmitting
terminal. A blue alarm is when consecutive 1010s are received in the information
bits.
bps
bits per second. The number of bits passing a specific point per second. Exam-
ples of common rates are kbps (one thousand bits per second) and Mbps (one
million bits per second). T3 operates at 44.736 Mbps.
D-2
T3SU 300 User Manual
61200217L1-1
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