Page 1 User’s Guide Publication Number 54622-97014 August 2000 For Safety Information, Warranties, and Regulatory information, see the pages behind the Index. © Copyright Agilent Technologies 2000 All Rights Reserved Agilent 54621A/22A/24A Oscilloscopes and Agilent 54621D/22D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscopes...
Page 2 The Oscilloscopes at a Glance Display shows current input signals Run control keys begin and end data acquisition • All analog and digital (54621D/22D) channels displayed in main and • Run/Stop starts and stops continuous delayed mode acquisitions • Indicators for channel, time base, •...
Page 3 In This Book This manual will guide you in using the oscilloscopes. This manual is organized in the following chapters: Chapter 1 Getting Started—inspecting, cleaning, and setting up your oscilloscope, using Quick Help. Chapter 2 Front-panel Overview—A quick start guide to get you familiarize you with the front-panel operation.
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Contents 1 Getting Started Setting up the Oscilloscope 1-4 To inspect package contents 1-5 To inspect options and accessories 1-7 To clean the oscilloscope 1-10 To adjust the handle 1-11 To power-on the oscilloscope 1-12 To adjust the display intensity 1-13 To connect the oscilloscope probes 1-14 To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) 1-15 To connect a printer 1-19...
Page 6 Contents To set analog channel probe attenuation factor 2-17 To display and rearrange the digital channels 2-18 To operate the time base controls 2-19 To start and stop an acquisition 2-20 To make a single acquisition 2-20 To use delayed sweep 2-21 To make cursor measurements 2-22 To make automatic measurements 2-23 To modify the display grid 2-24...
Page 7 Contents 4 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation MegaZoom Concepts 4-3 Deep Memory 4-4 Oscilloscope Responsiveness 4-5 Display Update Rate 4-6 To setup the Analog channels 4-7 To setup the Horizontal time base 4-10 Acquisition Modes 4-16 Display modes 4-20 Pan and Zoom 4-22 To pan and zoom a waveform 4-23 Run/Stop/Single/Infinite Persistence Operation 4-24 Acquiring Data 4-25...
Page 8 Contents Using Labels on the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope 4-41 To turn the label display on or off 4-42 To assign a predefined label to a channel 4-43 To define a new label 4-44 To reset the label library to the factory default 4-46 Saving and Recalling Traces and Setups 4-47 To Autosave traces and setups 4-48 To save traces and setups to internal memory or to overwrite an existing...
Page 9 Contents Cursor Measurements 5-29 To make cursor measurements 5-30 Automatic Measurements 5-35 Making automatic measurements 5-36 Making time measurements automatically 5-37 Making Delay and Phase Measurements 5-40 Making voltage measurements automatically 5-41 Making overshoot and preshoot measurements 5-44 6 Utilities To configure Quick Help languages 6-3 To configure a printer 6-5 To use the floppy disk 6-7...
Page 10 Contents-6...
Page 11: Getting Started
Getting Started...
Page 12 Getting Started When you use the oscilloscopes to help test and troubleshoot your systems, you may do the following: • Prepare the oscilloscope by connecting it to power and setting up the handle and screen intensity as desired. • Define the measurement problem by understanding the parameters of the system you wish to test, and the expected system behavior.
Page 13 Getting Started The oscilloscope’s high-speed display can be used to isolate infrequently changing signals. You can then use the characteristics of these signals to help refine the trigger specification. For more information on triggering, data acquisition, data examination and measurement, and configuration, see the later chapters.
Page 14: Setting Up The Oscilloscope
Setting up the Oscilloscope To prepare your oscilloscope for use, you need to do the following tasks. After you have completed them, you will be ready to use the oscilloscope. In the following topics you will: • inspect package contents •...
Page 15: To Inspect Package Contents
(2) for 54621A, 21D, 22A, or 22D oscilloscopes (4) for 54624A oscilloscope • 54620-68701 digital probe kit (for 54621D or 22D) • Accessory pouch and front-panel cover (standard for 54622A, 22D, and 24A) (optional on 54621A and 21D; order N2726A) • Power cord (see table 1-3) •...
Page 16 5959-9334 2” Ground Ä lead (qty 5) Accessories pouch and front-panel cover** 5090-4356 Clip (qty 20) BenchlinkXL 54600 software 10074C Probes Power cord and serial cable** * 54621D /22D only ** 54622A/22D/24A only Package contents for 54620-Series Oscilloscopes 1- 6...
Page 17: To Inspect Options And Accessories
Getting Started To inspect options and accessories To inspect options and accessories Verify that you received the options and accessories you ordered and that none were damaged. If anything is missing, contact your nearest Agilent Sales Office. If the shipment was damaged, or the cushioning materials show signs of stress, notify the carrier and your Agilent Sales Office.
Page 18 Getting Started To inspect options and accessories Table 1-2 Accessories available Model Description 1146A Current probe, ac/dc 1183A Testmobile scope cart 1185A Carrying Case 1186A Rackmount Kit 10070C 1:1 Passive Probe with ID 10072A Fine-pitch probe kit 10073B 10:1 500 MHz probe with ID 10075A 0.5 mm IC clip kit 10076A...
Page 19 Getting Started To inspect options and accessories Table 1-3 Power Cords Plug Type Cable Part No. Plug Description Length in/cm Color Opt 903 (U.S.A.) 8120-1378 Straight (NEMA5-15P*) 90/228 Jade Gray 124V ** Opt 900 (U.K.) 8120-1351 Straight (BS136A*) 90/228 Gray 250V Opt 901 (Australia) 8120-1369...
Page 20: To Clean The Oscilloscope
Getting Started To clean the oscilloscope To clean the oscilloscope 1 Disconnect power from the instrument. C A U T I O N Do not use too much liquid in cleaning the oscilloscope. Water can enter the front-panel keyboard, control knobs, or floppy disk damaging sensitive electronic components.
Page 21: To Adjust The Handle
Getting Started To adjust the handle To adjust the handle 1 Grasp the handle pivot points on each side of the instrument and pull the pivot out until it stops. 54622D Agilent MIXED SIGNAL OSCILLOSCOPE CHANN EL Time/Div Select 5 ns INPUTS 2 Without releasing the pivots, swivel the handle to the desired position.
Page 22: To Power-On The Oscilloscope
Getting Started To power-on the oscilloscope To power-on the oscilloscope 1 Connect the power cord to the rear of the oscilloscope, then to a suitable ac voltage source. The oscilloscope power supply automatically adjusts for input line voltages in the range 100 to 240 VAC. Therefore, you do not need to adjust the input line voltage setting.
Page 23: To Adjust The Display Intensity
Getting Started To adjust the display intensity To adjust the display intensity The Intensity control is at the lower left corner of the front panel. • To decrease display intensity, rotate the Intensity control counter- clockwise. • To increase display intensity, rotate the Intensity control clockwise. Figure 1-1 Bright Intensity control...
Page 24: To Connect The Oscilloscope Probes
Getting Started To connect the oscilloscope probes To connect the oscilloscope probes 1 Connect the 10074C 1.5-meter, 10:1 oscilloscope probe to the analog channel 1 or 2 BNC connector input on the oscilloscope, or channel 1 through channel 4 on the 54624A. Maximum input voltage for analog inputs: CAT I 300 Vrms, 400 Vpk CAT II 100 Vrms, 400 Vpk...
Page 25: To Use The Digital Probes (Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope Only)
Getting Started To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) 1 If you feel it’s necessary, turn off the power supply to the circuit under test. Turning off power to the circuit under test would only prevent damage that might occur if you accidentally short two lines together while connecting probes.
Page 26 Getting Started To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) 3 Connect a clip to one of the probe leads. Be sure to connect the ground lead. (Other probe leads are omitted from the figure for clarity.) Clip 4 Connect the clip to a node in the circuit you want to test. 1- 16...
Page 27 Getting Started To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) 5 For high-speed signals, connect a ground lead to the probe lead, connect a clip to the ground lead, and attach the clip to ground in the circuit under test. Signal Lead Ground Lead Clip...
Page 28 Getting Started To use the digital probes (mixed-signal oscilloscope only) 7 Repeat steps 3 through 6 until you have connected all points of interest. Signals Ground 8 If you need to remove a probe lead from the cable, insert a paper clip or other small pointed object into the side of the cable assembly, and push to release the latch while pulling out the probe lead.
Page 29: To Connect A Printer
The oscilloscope can be connected to a controller or a pc through the RS-232 connector on the rear of the oscilloscope. An RS-232 cable is shipped with each 54622A/22D/24A oscilloscope and may be purchased for the 54621A/21D oscilloscopes. 1 Attach the 9-pin “D” connector on the RS-232 cable to the RS-232 connector on the rear of the oscilloscope.
Page 30: To Verify Basic Oscilloscope Operation
Getting Started To verify basic oscilloscope operation To verify basic oscilloscope operation 1 Connect an oscilloscope probe to channel 1. 2 Attach the probe to the Probe Comp output on the lower-right side of the front panel of the oscilloscope. Use a probe retractable hook tip so you do not need to hold the probe.
Page 31: Getting Started Using The Oscilloscope Interface
Getting started using the oscilloscope interface When the oscilloscope is first turned on, it performs a self-test, then momentarily shows a startup screen as shown below. This menu is only accessible when the oscilloscope first starts up. 1- 21...
Page 32 Getting Started To verify basic oscilloscope operation • Press the softkey to view the symbols used in the Getting Started oscilloscope softkey menus. Use the Entry knob labeled to adjust the parameter. Press the softkey to display a pop up with a list of choices. Repeatedly press the softkey until your choice is selected.
Page 33: Using Quick Help
Using Quick Help The oscilloscope has a Quick Help system that provides user help for each front-panel key and softkey on the oscilloscope. To view Quick Help information: 1 Press and hold down the key for which you would like to view help. 2 Release the key after reading the message.
Page 34: Selecting A Language For Quick Help After You Have Been Operating The Oscilloscope
Getting Started Selecting a language for Quick Help after you have been operating the oscilloscope Selecting a language for Quick Help after you have been operating the oscilloscope 1 Press the key, then press the softkey to display the Utility Language Language menu.
Page 35: Loading A Language From Floppy Disk
Getting Started Loading a language from floppy disk Loading a language from floppy disk Language files can be downloaded from www.agilent.com/find/5462xsw or call an Agilent center and request a language disk for your instrument. 1 Insert the floppy disk with a language file into the floppy disk drive on the oscilloscope.
Page 36 1- 26...
Page 37: Front-Panel Overview
Front-Panel Overview...
Page 38 Front-Panel Overview Before you make measurements using the Agilent 54620-series Oscilloscopes, you must first set up the instrument using front-panel controls. Then, make the measurement and read the display results. These oscilloscopes operate much like an analog scope, but it can do much more.
Page 39: Important Oscilloscope Considerations
Front-Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Important Oscilloscope Considerations Using Single versus Run/Stop The oscilloscopes have a Single key and a Run/Stop key. When you press Run (key is illuminated in green), the trigger processing and screen update rate are optimized over the memory depth. Single acquisitions always use the maximum memory available—at least twice as much memory as acquisitions captured in Run mode—and the scope stores at least twice as many samples.
Page 40 Front-Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Peak Detect acquire mode In Peak Detect acquisition mode, any noise, peak, or signal wider than 5 ns will be displayed, regardless of sweep speed. In Normal acquisition mode, at sweep speeds faster than 2 µs/div, you would see a 5-ns peak, so peak detect has no effect at sweep speeds faster than 2 µs/div.
Page 41 Front-Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Auto-Single mode In Normal trigger mode, the oscilloscope will not trigger or display a waveform unless a trigger signal is present and trigger conditions are met. In this trigger mode, each time Single is pressed, the oscilloscope will wait for a valid trigger. In Auto or Auto Lvl trigger mode, the oscilloscope will generate a trigger for you if one is not found in the predetermined time from when the trigger system is armed.
Page 42 Front-Panel Overview Important Oscilloscope Considerations Post Acquisition Processing In addition to changing display parameters after the acquisition, you can do all of the measurements and math functions after the acquisition. Measurements and math functions will be recalculated as you pan and zoom and turn channels on and off.
Page 43: 54620-Series Oscilloscope Front Panels
Figure 2-1 Horizontal Measure Waveform Display controls controls keys keys Entry Trigger knob controls Autoscale Softkeys Utility Probe comp output Floppy Power Vertical Intensity File External disk switch inputs/ control keys Trigger controls input 54621A and 54622A 2-Channel Oscilloscopes Front Panel...
Page 44 Front-Panel Overview 54620-series Oscilloscope Front Panels Figure 2-2 Horizontal Measure Waveform controls Display controls keys keys Entry Trigger knob controls Autoscale Softkeys Utility Probe comp output Floppy Power Vertical Intensity File disk switch inputs/ control keys controls 54624A 4-Channel Oscilloscope Front Panel 2- 8...
Page 45 Front-Panel Overview 54620-series Oscilloscope Front Panels Figure 2-3 Horizontal Measure Waveform controls Display controls keys keys Entry Trigger knob controls Autoscale Softkeys Utility Probe Comp output Floppy Power Analog Channel File Intensity Digital Channel control disk switch inputs/ controls keys inputs/ controls 54621D and 54622D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscopes Front Panel...
Page 46: Front-Panel Operation
Front-Panel Operation This chapter provides a brief overview of interpreting information on the display and an introduction to operating the front-panel controls. Detailed oscilloscope operating instructions are provided in later chapters. 54621D and 54622D digital channels Because all of the oscilloscopes in the 54620-series have analog channels, the analog channel topics in this chapter apply to all instruments.
Page 47: Interpreting The Display
Front-Panel Overview Interpreting the display Interpreting the display The oscilloscope display contains channel acquisitions, setup information, measurement results, and softkeys for setting up parameters. Digital Trigger point, Delay Sweep Trigger Trigger Trigger Analog channel time reference time speed mode type source channels activity...
Page 48: To Use Analog Channels To View A Signal
Front-Panel Overview To use analog channels to view a signal To use analog channels to view a signal • To configure the oscilloscope quickly, press the Autoscale key to display the connect signal. • To undo the effects of Autoscale, press the softkey before Undo Autoscale pressing any other key.
Page 49: To Use Digital Channels To View A Signal
Front-Panel Overview To use digital channels to view a signal To use digital channels to view a signal • To configure the instrument quickly, press the Autoscale key. • To undo the effects of Autoscale, press the softkey before Undo Autoscale pressing any other key.
Page 50: To Display Signals Automatically Using Autoscale
Front-Panel Overview To display signals automatically using Autoscale To display signals automatically using Autoscale • To configure the instrument quickly, press the Autoscale key. Autoscale displays all connected signals that have activity. To undo the effects of Autoscale, press the Undo Autoscale softkey before pressing any other key.
Page 51: To Apply The Default Factory Configuration
Front-Panel Overview To apply the default factory configuration To apply the default factory configuration • To set the instrument to the factory-default configuration, press the Save/Recall key, then press the Default Setup softkey. The default configuration returns the oscilloscope to its default settings. This places the oscilloscope in a known operating condition.
Page 52: To Adjust Analog Channel Vertical Scaling And Position
Front-Panel Overview To adjust analog channel vertical scaling and position To adjust analog channel vertical scaling and position This exercise guides you through the vertical keys, knobs, and status line. 1 Center the signal on the display using the position knob. The position knob ( ) moves the signal vertically;...
Page 53: To Set The Vertical Expand Reference For The Analog Signal
Front-Panel Overview To set the vertical expand reference for the analog signal To set the vertical expand reference for the analog signal When changing the volts/division for analog channels, you can have the signal expand (or compress) about the signal ground point or about the center graticule on the display.
Page 54: To Display And Rearrange The Digital Channels
Front-Panel Overview To display and rearrange the digital channels To display and rearrange the digital channels 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key to turn the display of the digital channels on or off. The digital channels are displayed when these keys are illuminated. 2 Turn the Digital Channel Select knob to select a single digital channel.
Page 55: To Operate The Time Base Controls
Front-Panel Overview To operate the time base controls To operate the time base controls The following exercise guides you through the time base keys, knobs, and status line. • Turn the Horizontal sweep speed (time/division) knob and notice the change it makes to the status line. The sweep speed knob changes the sweep speed from 5 ns/div to 50 s/div in a 1-2-5 step sequence, and the value of the sweep speed is displayed in the status line at the top of the display.
Page 56: To Start And Stop An Acquisition
Front-Panel Overview To start and stop an acquisition To start and stop an acquisition • When the Run/Stop key is illuminated in green, the oscilloscope is in continuous running mode. You are viewing multiple acquisitions of the same signal similar to the way an analog oscilloscope displays waveforms.
Page 57: To Use Delayed Sweep
Front-Panel Overview To use delayed sweep To use delayed sweep Delayed sweep is an expanded version of main sweep. When Delayed mode is selected, the display divides in half and the delayed sweep icon displays in the middle of the line at the top of the display. The top half displays the main sweep and the bottom half displays the delayed sweep.
Page 58: To Make Cursor Measurements
Front-Panel Overview To make cursor measurements To make cursor measurements You can use the cursors to make custom voltage or time measurements on scope signals, and timing measurements on digital channels. 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. 2 Press the key.
Page 59: To Make Automatic Measurements
Front-Panel Overview To make automatic measurements To make automatic measurements You can use automatic measurements on any channel source or any running math function. Cursors are turned on to focus on the most recently selected measurement (right-most on the measurement line above the softkeys on the display).
Page 60: To Modify The Display Grid
Front-Panel Overview To modify the display grid To modify the display grid 1 Press the Display key. 2 Turn the Entry knob to change the intensity of the displayed grid. The intensity level is shown in the softkey and is adjustable from 0 to Grid 100%.
Page 61: Triggering The Oscilloscope
Triggering the Oscilloscope...
Page 62 Triggering the Oscilloscope The Agilent 54620-series Oscilloscopes provide a full set of features to help automate your measurement tasks, including MegaZoom technology to help you capture and examine the stored waveforms of interest, even untriggered waveforms. With these oscilloscopes you can: •...
Page 63: Selecting Trigger Modes And Conditions
Selecting Trigger Modes and Conditions The trigger mode affects the way in which the oscilloscope searches for the trigger. The figure below shows the conceptual representation of acquisition memory. Think of the trigger event as dividing acquisition memory into a pre-trigger and post-trigger buffer. The position of the trigger event in acquisition memory is defined by the time reference point and the delay setting.
Page 64: To Select A Trigger Mode: Auto Level, Auto, Normal
Triggering the Oscilloscope To select a trigger mode: Auto Level, Auto, Normal To select a trigger mode: Auto Level, Auto, Normal 1 Press the Mode/Coupling key. 2 Press the softkey, then select , or trigger. Mode Auto Level Auto Normal •...
Page 65 Triggering the Oscilloscope To select a trigger mode: Auto Level, Auto, Normal Normal mode Use Normal trigger mode for low repetitive-rate signals. In this mode, the oscilloscope has the same behavior whether the acquisition was initiated by pressing Run/Stop or Single. When the trigger event is found, the oscilloscope will fill the post-trigger buffer and display the acquisition memory.
Page 66: To Select Trigger Coupling
Triggering the Oscilloscope To select trigger Coupling To select trigger Coupling 1 Press the Mode/Coupling key. 2 Press the softkey, then select coupling. Coupling DC, AC, LF Reject • DC coupling allows dc and ac signals into the trigger path. •...
Page 67: To Set Holdoff
Triggering the Oscilloscope To set holdoff To set holdoff 1 Press the Mode/Coupling key. 2 Turn the Entry knob to increase or decrease the trigger holdoff time shown in the softkey. Holdoff Holdoff sets the amount of time that the oscilloscope waits before re-arming the trigger circuitry.
Page 68 Triggering the Oscilloscope To set holdoff Holdoff Operating Hints Holdoff keeps a trigger from occurring until after a certain amount of time has passed since the last trigger. This feature is valuable when a waveform crosses the trigger level multiple times during one period of the waveform. Without holdoff, the scope could trigger on each of the crossings, producing a confusing waveform.
Page 69: Trigger Types
Trigger Types The oscilloscope allows you to synchronize the display to the actions of the circuit under test by defining a trigger condition. The triggering modes include Auto Level, Auto, and Normal. Triggering types include edge, pulse width, pattern, duration, sequence, I C, and TV trigger.
Page 70: To Use Edge Triggering
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use edge triggering To use edge triggering The Edge trigger type identifies a trigger by looking for a specified slope and voltage level on a waveform. You can define the trigger source and rising or falling edge in this menu. The trigger type, source, and level is displayed in the upper-right corner of the display.
Page 71 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use edge triggering Analog source Press the analog channel source softkey to select an analog source. Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the Trigger Level knob. The position of the trigger level for the analog channel is indicated by the trigger level icon (if the analog channel is on) at the far left side of the display when DC coupling is selected.
Page 72: To Use Pulse Width Triggering
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use pulse width triggering To use pulse width triggering Pulse Width triggering sets the oscilloscope to trigger on a positive pulse or a negative pulse of a specified width. If you want to trigger on a specific timeout value, use Duration trigger in the trigger More menu.
Page 73 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use pulse width triggering 3 Press the pulse polarity softkey to select positive ( )or negative ( polarity for the pulse width you want to capture. The selected pulse polarity is displayed in the upper-right corner of the display. A positive pulse is higher than the current trigger level or threshold and a negative pulse is lower than the current trigger level or threshold.
Page 74 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use pulse width triggering 5 Select the qualifier time set softkey ( ), then rotate the Entry knob < > to set the pulse width qualifier time. The qualifiers can be set from 10 ns to 10 s. <...
Page 75: To Use Pattern Triggering
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use pattern triggering To use pattern triggering The Pattern trigger identifies a trigger condition by looking for a specified pattern. This pattern is a logical AND combination of the channels. Each channel can have a value of high (H), low (L), don’t care (X), or a rising or falling edge.
Page 76 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use pattern triggering 3 For each channel you select, press one of the condition softkeys to set the condition for that channel in the pattern. • H sets the pattern to high on the selected channel. A high is a voltage level that is greater than the channel's trigger level or threshold level.
Page 77: To Use Duration Triggering
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use duration triggering To use duration triggering Duration trigger lets you define a pattern, then trigger on a specified time duration of this logical AND combination of the channels. 1 Press the More key in the Trigger section of the front panel, press the Duration softkey, then press the Settings...
Page 78 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use duration triggering 3 For each channel you select, press the logic level softkey to set the condition for that channel in the pattern. • H sets the pattern to high on the selected channel. A high is a voltage level that is greater than the channel's trigger level or threshold level.
Page 79 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use duration triggering 5 Select a qualifier time set softkey ( ), then rotate the Entry knob to < > set the duration qualifier time. < qualifier time set softkey • When the less than (<) qualifier is selected, the Entry knob sets the oscilloscope to trigger on a pattern duration less than the time value displayed on the softkey.
Page 80: To Use I2C Triggering
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use I2C triggering To use I C triggering An I C (Inter-IC bus) trigger setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to the serial data (SDA) line and the serial clock (SCL) line, then triggering on a stop/start condition or triggering on a read/write frame with a specific device address and data value.
Page 81 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use I2C triggering 3 Connect an oscilloscope channel to the serial data (SDA) line in the circuit under test, then set the channel softkey to that channel. Data As you press the Data softkey (or rotate the Entry knob on mixed-signal oscilloscopes), the channel you select is shown in the upper-right corner of the display next to "I C".
Page 82 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use I2C triggering 5 If you have set the oscilloscope to trigger on a read or write frame condition, press the softkey and turn the Entry knob to select Address the 7-bit device address. You can select from an address range of 0x00 to 0x7F (hexadecimal). When triggering on a read/write frame, the oscilloscope will trigger after the start, address, read/write, acknowledge, and data events occur.
Page 83: To Use Sequence Triggering
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use sequence triggering To use sequence triggering Sequence trigger allows you to trigger the oscilloscope after finding a sequence of events. Defining a sequence trigger requires three steps: a Define an event to find before you trigger on the next event. The “find”...
Page 84 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use sequence triggering Sequence Selected Trigger level trigger channel or threshold Sequence stage definitions Term definitions Select Define Find, Trigger on, Return to Stage Channel term term previous menu or Reset condition select select As you set stage, term, and channel definitions for the sequence trigger, these settings will be shown in the waveform area of the display.
Page 85 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use sequence triggering Define the Find: stage 1 Press the softkey and select Stage Find: Find: is the first stage in the trigger sequence. When you select the Stage Find softkey, the next softkey to the right will display Find: and give you a list of the terms you can define for the Find stage.
Page 86 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use sequence triggering 5 If you select an edge term, one channel must be set to a rising edge or a falling edge. All other channels will be set to don’t care (X). a Press the Channel softkey (or rotate the Entry knob on mixed-signal oscilloscopes) to select the channel.
Page 87 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use sequence triggering 5 If you select an edge term, one channel must be set to a rising edge or a falling edge. All other channels will be set to don’t care (X). a Press the Channel softkey (or rotate the Entry knob on mixed-signal oscilloscopes) to select the channel.
Page 88 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use sequence triggering 2 Press the softkey and select a term to reset on. Reset: 3 Press the Term softkey and select the pattern, edge, or timeout term displayed in the Reset: softkey. 4 If you select , no reset stage will be defined.
Page 89: To Use Tv Triggering
Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To use TV triggering TV triggering is used to capture the complicated waveforms of television (TV) equipment. The trigger circuitry detects the vertical and horizontal interval of the waveform and produces triggers based on the TV trigger settings you have selected.
Page 90 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering Provide Correct Matching Many TV signals are produced from 75 Ω sources. To provide correct matching to these sources, a 75 Ω terminator (such as an Agilent 11094B) should be connected to the oscilloscope input. 3 Press the sync polarity softkey to set the TV trigger to either positive ) or negative ( ) sync polarity.
Page 91 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering 6 If you select a line mode when using standards NTSC, PAL, PAL-M, or SECAM, press the softkey, then rotate the Entry knob to select Line # the line number on which you want to trigger. 7 If you select a line mode when using the Generic standard, press the softkey, then rotate the Entry knob to select the desired count Count #...
Page 92 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering Example exercises The following are exercises to familiarize you with TV triggering. To trigger on a specific line of video TV triggering requires greater than 1/2 division of sync amplitude with any analog channel as the trigger source. Turning the trigger Level knob in TV trigger does not change the trigger level because the trigger level is automatically set to the sync pulse tips.
Page 93 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering Triggering on Line 71 Line Numbers per Field for Each TV Standard TV Standard Field 1 Field 2 Alt Fld NTSC 1 to 263 1 to 262 1 to 262 1 to 313 314 to 625 1 to 313 PAL-M...
Page 94 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on all TV line sync pulses To quickly find maximum video levels, you could trigger on all TV line sync pulses. When All Lines is selected as the TV trigger mode, the oscilloscope will trigger on the first line that it finds when the acquisition starts.
Page 95 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on a specific field of the video signal To examine the components of a video signal, trigger on either Field 1 or Field 2. When a specific field is selected, the oscilloscope triggers on the rising edge of the first serration pulse in the vertical sync interval in the specified field (1 or 2).
Page 96 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on all fields of the video signal To quickly and easily view transitions between fields, or to find the amplitude differences between the fields, use the All Fields trigger mode. The oscilloscope will trigger on the first field it finds at the start of acquisition.
Page 97 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering To trigger on odd or even fields To check the envelope of your video signals, or to measure worst case distortion, trigger on the odd or even fields. When Field 1 is selected, the oscilloscope triggers on color fields 1 or 3.
Page 98 Triggering the Oscilloscope To use TV triggering If a more detailed analysis is required, then only one color field should be selected to be the trigger. You can do this by using the trigger Holdoff softkey in the trigger Mode/Coupling menu. Using the holdoff settings shown in the following table, the oscilloscope will now trigger on color field 1 OR color field 3 when Field 1 is selected.
Page 99: The Trig Out Connector
The Trig Out connector The oscilloscope sends a pulse to the Trigger Out BNC connector on the rear panel of the oscilloscope when a trigger event occurs. This pulse is typically used to trigger other test equipment. The Trig Out is a 0 to 5 V Ω...
Page 100 3- 40...
Page 101: Megazoom Concepts And Oscilloscope Operation
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation...
Page 102 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation This chapter gives an overview of some oscilloscope concepts that will help you make better measurements. It discusses the relationship between the time base setting and other time-dependent oscilloscope functions, explains how to achieve the most accurate signal fidelity through good probing practices, and describes how glitch detection works.
Page 103: Megazoom Concepts
MegaZoom Concepts MegaZoom technology combines the advantages of conventional deep-memory digital oscilloscopes with the responsiveness and update rate of traditional analog oscilloscopes. Conventional deep-memory digital oscilloscopes are known for their ability to capture long time intervals while still maintaining high sample rates. MegaZoom technology keeps the deep-memory advantages, without the usual deep-memory disadvantages of an unresponsive user interface (while panning and zooming through the data) and poor signal update rate.
Page 104: Deep Memory
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Deep Memory Deep Memory The primary advantage of a deep-memory oscilloscope is sustained sample rate, allowing you to capture at the maximum sample rate and still capture a long time window. For example, you may want to capture a fast digital event, such as an interrupt line being asserted, while being able to look far out in time to see when the line was de-asserted.
Page 105: Oscilloscope Responsiveness
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Oscilloscope Responsiveness Oscilloscope Responsiveness An important element of an oscilloscope is how responsive it is to control changes. After a control is changed, such as the time/division, if you must wait for the test instrument to respond, the feedback loop between the instrument and the user can become difficult.
Page 106: Display Update Rate
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Display Update Rate Display Update Rate In analog oscilloscopes, the oscilloscope is blind while the electron beam is reset to the left side of the screen. Thus, the update rate of an analog oscilloscope seems high because the blind or dead time of the analog scope is low. Infrequent or random events that happen while the oscilloscope is blind are missed, and thus not displayed.
Page 107: To Setup The Analog Channels
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels To setup the Analog channels 1 Press the key in the Vertical section (Analog section on mixed-signal oscilloscopes) of the front panel to display the channel 1 menu. Channel, Trigger Trigger level Volts/div source...
Page 108 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels Vertical sensitivity Turn the large knob above the channel key to set the sensitivity (volts/division) for the channel. Vertical expansion The default mode for expanding the signal when you turn the volts/division knob is vertical expansion about the ground level.
Page 109 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Analog channels 4 Press the softkey to turn on vernier for the selected channel. Vernier When Vernier is selected, you can change the channel sensitivity in smaller increments with the volts/division knob. The channel sensitivity remains fully calibrated when Vernier is on.
Page 110: To Setup The Horizontal Time Base
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base To setup the Horizontal time base 1 Press the Main/Delayed key in the Horizontal section of the front panel. Trigger Time Sweep Trigger Trigger level Delay source or threshold point reference time...
Page 111 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base 4 Press the softkey to turn on the time base vernier. Vernier The Vernier softkey allows you to change the sweep speed in smaller increments with the time/division knob. The sweep speed remains fully calibrated when Vernier is on.
Page 112 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base 6 Turn the delay knob ( ) and notice that its value is displayed in the status line. Changing the delay time moves the sweep horizontally and indicates how far the trigger point ( ) is from the time reference point (∇).
Page 113 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base Delayed mode Delayed sweep is an expanded version of main sweep. When Delayed mode is selected, the display divides in half and the delayed sweep icon displays in the middle of the line at the top of the display. The top half of the display has the main sweep and the bottom half has the delayed sweep.
Page 114 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base To change the sweep speed for the delayed sweep window, turn the sweep speed knob. As you turn the knob, the sweep speed is highlighted in the status line above the waveform display area.
Page 115 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To setup the Horizontal time base Roll mode Roll mode causes the waveform to move slowly across the screen from right to left. It only operates on time base settings of 500 ms/div and slower. If the current time base setting is faster than the 500 ms/div limit, it will be set to 500 ms/div when Roll mode is entered.
Page 116: Acquisition Modes
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes Acquisition Modes Remember how when using your analog oscilloscope you had to constantly adjust the brightness? You did this to see the desired level of detail in a signal, or sometimes to see the signal at all! knob works like an analog oscilloscope;...
Page 117 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes Normal Mode For the majority of use models and signals, Normal acquisition mode yields the best oscilloscope picture of the waveform. The analog channels can have up to 2 million samples behind the 1,000-point oscilloscope display.
Page 118 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes Average Mode Averaging lets you average multiple triggers together to reduce noise and increase resolution. Averaging of multiple triggers requires a stable trigger. The number of triggers being averaged is displayed in the # Avgs softkey. •...
Page 119 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquisition Modes If you cannot acquire multiple triggers, you can still reduce noise and increase resolution at slower sweep speeds by setting # Avgs to 1. Sweep speed Bits of resolution (# Avgs=1) <= 2 us/div 5 us/div 20 us/div 100 us/div...
Page 120: Display Modes
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Display modes Display modes • Press the Display key to view the Display menu. Infinite Persistence Persist softkey) updates the display with new Infinite persistence ( acquisitions but does not erase previous acquisitions. New sample points are shown at normal intensity while previous acquisitions are displayed in minimum intensity.
Page 121 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Display modes Vectors On/Off The 54620-series oscilloscopes have been designed from the ground up to operate in Vectors On mode. This mode gives the most realistic waveforms in most every situation. When enabled, Vectors draws a line between consecutive waveform data points. •...
Page 122: Pan And Zoom
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Pan and Zoom Pan and Zoom The ability to pan (move horizontally) and zoom (expand or compress horizontally) an acquired waveform is important because of the additional insight it can reveal about the captured waveform. This additional insight is often gained from seeing the waveform at different levels of abstraction.
Page 123: To Pan And Zoom A Waveform
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To pan and zoom a waveform To pan and zoom a waveform 1 Press the Run/Stop key to stop acquisitions. The Run/Stop key is illuminated red when the oscilloscope is stopped. 2 Turn the sweep speed knob to zoom horizontally and turn the volts/division knob to zoom vertically.
Page 124: Run/Stop/Single/Infinite Persistence Operation
Run/Stop/Single/Infinite Persistence Operation During an acquisition, the oscilloscope examines the input voltage at each input probe. • For analog channels, the input voltage is determined by the vertical volts/division settings. • For digital channels, at each sample the oscilloscope compares the input voltage to the logic threshold.
Page 125: Acquiring Data
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Acquiring Data Acquiring Data The oscilloscope operates like an analog oscilloscope, but it can do much more. Spending a few minutes to learn some of this capability will take you a long way toward more productive troubleshooting. Single versus Run/Stop The oscilloscope has a Single key and a Run/Stop key.
Page 126: Memory Depth/Record Length
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Memory Depth/Record Length Memory Depth/Record Length Run/Stop versus Single When the oscilloscope is running, the trigger processing or update rate is optimized over memory depth. When you press Single, memory depth is maximized. Single For a single acquisition, all available memory is filled with each acquisition, regardless of sweep speed.
Page 127: To Run And Stop An Acquisition
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To run and stop an acquisition To run and stop an acquisition • To begin an acquisition, press Run/Stop (key is illuminated green when running). The instrument begins acquiring data while searching for a trigger condition. If a trigger occurs, the acquired data is shown in the display.
Page 128: To Capture A Single Event
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To capture a single event To capture a single event To capture a single event, you need some previous knowledge of the signal to set up the trigger level and slope. For example, if the event is derived from TTL logic, a trigger level of 2 volts should work on a rising edge.
Page 129: To Use Infinite Persistence
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To use infinite persistence To use infinite persistence With infinite persistence, the oscilloscope updates the display with new acquisitions, but does not erase the results of previous acquisitions. Rather than being erased by subsequent acquisitions, the previous acquisition is displayed in minimum intensity.
Page 130: To Clear The Waveform Display
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To clear the waveform display To clear the waveform display • Press the Display key, then press the Clear Display softkey. Acquisition memory and the current display are immediately erased. If the instrument is running, however, and the oscilloscope finds a trigger condition, the display will be quickly updated after the erasure.
Page 131: Configuring The Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope
Configuring the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope This section describes how to configure the following items for the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope, including changing the logic threshold for input signals. To display digital channels using Autoscale When signals are connected to the digital channels, Autoscale quickly configures and displays the digital channels.
Page 132: Interpreting The Digital Waveform Display
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Interpreting the digital waveform display Interpreting the digital waveform display The following figure shows a typical display with digital channels. Delay Activity Trigger Trigger Sweep time indicator mode or run type and speed/div status source Threshold level Digital channel...
Page 133: To Display And Rearrange The Digital Channels
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To display and rearrange the digital channels To display and rearrange the digital channels 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key to turn the display of the digital channels on or off. Digital channels are displayed when the D15 Thru D8 or D7 Thru D0 key is illuminated.
Page 134: To Turn Individual Channels On And Off
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To turn individual channels on and off To turn individual channels on and off Individual channels within the pod group can be turned on or off. 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key.
Page 135: To Force All Channels On Or All Channels Off
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To force all channels on or all channels off To force all channels on or all channels off 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key. 2 Press the ) softkey. Turn on Turn off Each time you press this softkey, the softkey toggles between Turn on and Turn...
Page 136: To Change The Logic Threshold For Digital Channels
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To change the logic threshold for digital channels To change the logic threshold for digital channels 1 Press the D15 Thru D8 key or D7 Thru D0 key. 2 Press the softkey, then select a logic family preset or select Threshold to define your own threshold.
Page 137: Using Digital Channels To Probe Circuits
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits You may encounter problems when using the mixed-signal oscilloscope that are related to probing. These problems fall into two categories: probe loading and probe grounding.
Page 138 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits 250 Ω 7.5 pF 100 k Ω 150 Ω 1 pF High-Frequency Probe Equivalent Circuit The impedance plots for the two models are shown in these figures. By comparing the two plots, you can see that both the series tip resistor and the cable’s characteristic impedance extend the input impedance significantly.
Page 139 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits Probe Grounding A probe ground is the low-impedance path for current to return to the source from the probe. Increased length in this path will, at high frequencies, create large common mode voltages at the probe input.
Page 140 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Using Digital Channels to Probe Circuits In addition to the common mode voltage, longer ground returns also degrade the pulse fidelity of the probe system. Rise time is increased, and ringing, due to the undamped LC circuit at the input of the probe, is also increased. Because the digital channels display reconstructed waveforms, they do not show ringing and perturbations.
Page 141: Using Labels On The Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope
Using Labels on the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope The Mixed-Signal Oscilloscopes allow you to define and assign labels to each input channel, or you can turn labels off to increase the waveform display area. 4- 41...
Page 142: To Turn The Label Display On Or Off
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To turn the label display on or off To turn the label display on or off 1 Press the Label key in the Digital section of the front panel. This turns on display labels for the analog and digital channels. When the Label key is illuminated, the labels for displaye channels are displayed on the left side of the displayed traces.
Page 143: To Assign A Predefined Label To A Channel
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To assign a predefined label to a channel To assign a predefined label to a channel 1 Press the Label key. 2 Press the softkey, then turn the Entry knob or successively press Channel the softkey to select a channel for label assignment. The figure above shows the list of channels and their default labels.
Page 144: To Define A New Label
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To define a new label To define a new label 1 Press the Label key. 2 Press the softkey, then turn the Entry knob or successively press Channel the softkey to select a channel for label assignment. The channel does not have to be turned on to have a label assigned to it.
Page 145 MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To define a new label Label List Management When you press the Library softkey, you will see a list of the last 75 labels used. The list does not save duplicate labels. Labels can end in any number of trailing digits. As long as the base string is the same as an existing label in the library, the new label will not be put in the library.
Page 146: To Reset The Label Library To The Factory Default
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To reset the label library to the factory default To reset the label library to the factory default 1 Press the Utility key, then press the Options softkey. C A U T I O N Pressing the Default Library softkey will remove all user-defined labels from the library and set the labels back to the factory default.
Page 147: Saving And Recalling Traces And Setups
Saving and Recalling Traces and Setups You can save your current setup and waveform trace to the floppy disk or to internal memory, then recall the setup, waveform trace, or both later. When you save a setup, all settings including measurements, cursors, math functions, and horizontal, vertical, and trigger settings are saved to the file you have selected.
Page 148: To Autosave Traces And Setups
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To Autosave traces and setups To Autosave traces and setups 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. 2 Insert a disk in the oscilloscope floppy disk drive. 3 Press the softkey.
Page 149: To Save Traces And Setups To Internal Memory Or To Overwrite An Existing Floppy Disk File
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To save traces and setups to internal memory or to overwrite an existing floppy disk file To save traces and setups to internal memory or to overwrite an existing floppy disk file 1 Press the softkey to display the Save menu.
Page 150: To Save Traces And Setups To A New File On The Floppy Disk
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To save traces and setups to a new file on the floppy disk To save traces and setups to a new file on the floppy disk 1 To create a new file name, press the New File softkey.
Page 151: To Recall Traces And Setups
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To recall traces and setups To recall traces and setups 1 Press the Save/Recall key to display the Save/Recall menu. 2 Press the softkey to display the Recall menu. Recall 3 Press the softkey and select the type of information to recall. Recall You can recall a waveform Trace, an oscilloscope Setup, or Trace and Setup.
Page 152: Saving (Printing) Screen Images To Floppy Disk
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Saving (printing) screen images to floppy disk Saving (printing) screen images to floppy disk 1 Press the Save/Recall key to display the Save/Recall menu. 2 Press the softkey to display the Formats menu. Formats The Formats menu allows you to quickly configure the Quick Print menu to save images to the floppy disk.
Page 153: Recalling The Factory Default Setup
MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation Recalling the factory default setup Recalling the factory default setup 1 Press the Save/Recall key to display the Save/Recall menu. 2 Press softkey. Default Setup This returns the oscilloscope to its factory default settings and places the oscilloscope in a known operating condition.
Page 154 4- 54...
Page 155: Making Measurements
Making Measurements...
Page 156 Making Measurements By now you are familiar with the Vertical/Analog, Horizontal, and Trigger groups of the front-panel keys. You should also know how to determine the setup of the oscilloscope by looking at the status line at the top of the display.
Page 157: Capturing Data
Capturing Data In the oscilloscope, an 8-bit A/D converter converts the input waveform into an evenly-spaced series of voltage readings. These readings are made once for each channel, and are stored into memory as an array of voltages with implicit times. Main and Delayed Sweep The delayed sweep display function magnifies the contents of sample memory—data used by the main and delayed sweep windows is acquired...
Page 158: To Use Delayed Sweep
Making Measurements To use delayed sweep To use delayed sweep You can use the delayed sweep window to locate and horizontally expand part of the main sweep for a more detailed (high-resolution) analysis of signals. 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. 2 Press the key.
Page 159 Making Measurements To use delayed sweep Delayed sweep is an expanded version of main sweep. When Delayed mode is selected, the display divides in half and the delayed sweep icon displays in the middle of the line at the top of the display. The top half displays the main sweep and the bottom half displays the delayed sweep.
Page 160: To Reduce The Random Noise On A Signal
Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal To reduce the random noise on a signal If the signal you are applying to the oscilloscope is noisy, you can set up the oscilloscope to reduce the noise on the displayed waveform. First, you stabilize the displayed waveform by removing the noise from the trigger path.
Page 161 Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal Low-frequency reject (LF reject) adds a high-pass filter with the 3-dB point at 50 kHz. Use LF reject to remove low-frequency signals, such as power line noise, from the trigger path. 0 dB 3 dB down point Pass...
Page 162 Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal 3 Use averaging to reduce noise on the displayed waveform. • Press the Acquire key, then press the Averaging softkey. Averaging lets you average multiple triggers together to reduce noise and increase resolution.
Page 163 Making Measurements To reduce the random noise on a signal Smoothing (# Avgs=1) The term smoothing is an oversampling technique used when the digitizer sampling rate (200MSa/s) is faster than the rate at that samples are being stored into acquisition memory. For example, if the scope is sampling at 200 MSa/s, yet storing the samples at 1 MSa/s, it needs to store only 1 out of every 200 samples.
Page 164: To Capture Glitches Or Narrow Pulses With Peak Detect And Infinite Persistence
Making Measurements To capture glitches or narrow pulses with peak detect and infinite persistence To capture glitches or narrow pulses with peak detect and infinite persistence A glitch is a rapid change in the waveform that is usually narrow as compared to the waveform.
Page 165: To Use The Roll Horizontal Mode
Making Measurements To use the Roll horizontal mode 4 Characterize the glitch with delayed sweep. To characterize the glitch with delayed sweep, follow these steps: • Press the Main/Delayed key, then press the Delayed softkey. • To obtain a better resolution of the glitch, expand the time base. Use the horizontal delay time knob ( )to pan through the waveform to set the expanded portion of the main sweep around the glitch.
Page 166: To Use The Xy Horizontal Mode
Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode To use the XY horizontal mode The XY horizontal mode converts the oscilloscope from a volts-versus-time display to a volts-versus-volts display using two input channels. Channel 1 is the X-axis input, channel 2 is the Y-axis input. You can use various transducers so the display could show strain versus displacement, flow versus pressure, volts versus current, or voltage versus frequency.
Page 167 Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode Signal centered on the display 4 Press the key. Cursors 5 Set the Y2 cursor to the top of the signal, and set Y1 to the bottom of the signal. Note the ∆Y value at the bottom of the display. In this example, we are using the Y cursors, but you could have used the X cursors instead.
Page 168 Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode 6 Move the Y1 and Y2 cursors to the intersection of the signal and the Y axis. Again, note the ∆Y value. Cursors set to center of signal 7 Calculate the phase difference using the formula below. second ∆Y 0.648 θ...
Page 169 Making Measurements To use the XY horizontal mode Signals are 90 out of phase Signals are in phase 5- 15...
Page 170: Math Functions
Math Functions The Math menu allows you to display math functions on analog channels. You can: • subtract (–) or multiply (*) the signals acquired on analog channels 1 and 2, then display the result. • integrate, differentiate, or perform an FFT on the signal acquired on any analog channel or on math functions 1 * 2, 1 –...
Page 171: Multiply
Making Measurements Multiply Multiply When you select 1 * 2, channel 1 and channel 2 voltage values are multiplied point by point, and the result is displayed. 1 * 2 is useful for seeing power relationships when one of the channels is proportional to the current. •...
Page 172: Subtract
Making Measurements Subtract Subtract When you select 1 – 2, channel 2 voltage values are subtracted from channel 1 voltage values point by point, and the result is displayed. You can use 1 – 2 to make a differential measurement or to compare two waveforms.
Page 173: Differentiate
Making Measurements Differentiate Differentiate dV/dt (differentiate) calculates the discrete time derivative of the selected source. You can use differentiate to measure the instantaneous slope of a waveform. For example, the slew rate of an operational amplifier may be measured using the differentiate function. Since differentiation is very sensitive to noise, it is helpful to set acquisition mode to Averaging in the Acquire menu.
Page 174 Making Measurements Differentiate The figure below shows an example of differentiate. Channel 1 dV/dt waveform Source dV/dt dV/dt Return to select Offset Scale previous menu Differentiate 5- 20...
Page 175: Integrate
Making Measurements Integrate Integrate ∫ Vdt (integrate) calculates the integral of the selected source. You can use integrate to measure the area under a waveform. ∫ Vdt plots the integral of the source using the "Trapezoidal Rule". Equation is as follows: ∑...
Page 176 Making Measurements Integrate The figure below shows an example of integrate. Channel 1 ∫ Vdt waveform ∫ ∫ Source Return to select Offset Scale previous menu Integrate 5- 22...
Page 177: Fft Measurement
Making Measurements FFT Measurement FFT Measurement FFT is used to compute the fast Fourier transform using analog inputs or the math functions 1 + 2, 1 – 2, or 1 * 2. FFT takes the digitized time record of the specified source and transforms it to the frequency domain.
Page 178 Making Measurements FFT Measurement The following figure illustrates aliasing. This is the spectrum of a 1 kHz square wave, which has many harmonics. The sample rate is set to 200 kSa/s, and the oscilloscope displays the spectrum. The displayed waveform shows the components of the input signal above the Nyquist frequency to be mirrored (aliased) on the display and reflected off the right edge.
Page 179 Making Measurements FFT Measurement FFT Operation 1 Press the key, press the softkey, then press the softkey Math Settings to display the FFT menu. Center Preset Span Additional Return to Source Frequency frequency and Center previous menu select Span FFT controls frequencies Source selects the source for the FFT.
Page 180 Making Measurements FFT Measurement 2 Press the More FFT softkey to display additional FFT settings. Window Return to FFT Scale FFT Offset previous menu Scale allows you to set your own vertical scale factors for FFT expressed in dB/div (decibels/division). Press the Scale softkey, then turn the Entry knob to rescale your math function.
Page 181 Making Measurements FFT Measurement 4 To make other measurements, press the key and set the Quick Meas softkey to Source Math You can make peak-to-peak, maximum, minimum, and average dB measurements on the FFT waveform. You can also find the frequency value at the first occurrence of the waveform maximum by using the X at Max measurement.
Page 182 Making Measurements FFT Measurement FFT Measurement Hints - Continued While the FFT spectrum is displayed, use the Math and Cursors keys to switch between measurement functions and frequency domain controls in FFT menu. Decreasing the effective sampling rate by selecting a slower sweep speed will increase the low frequency resolution of the FFT display and also increase the chance that an alias will be displayed.
Page 183: Cursor Measurements
Cursor Measurements You can measure waveform data using cursors. Cursors are horizontal and vertical markers that indicate X-axis values (usually time) and Y- axis values (usually voltage) on a selected waveform source. The position of the cursors can be moved turning the Entry knob. When you press the Cursors key, it will illuminate and the cursors will turn on.
Page 184: To Make Cursor Measurements
Making Measurements To make cursor measurements To make cursor measurements The following steps guide you through the front-panel Cursors key. You can use the cursors to make custom voltage or time measurements on the signal. 1 Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. 2 Press the key, then press the softkey.
Page 185 Making Measurements To make cursor measurements X1 and X2 The X1 cursor (short-dashed vertical line) and X2 cursor (long- dashed-vertical line) adjust horizontally and indicate time relative to the trigger point for all sources except math FFT (frequency is indicated). In XY horizontal mode, the X cursors display channel 1 voltages.
Page 186 Making Measurements To make cursor measurements Cursor Examples Cursors measure pulse widths other than 50% points Cursors measure frequency of pulse ringing 5- 32...
Page 187 Making Measurements To make cursor measurements Expand the display with delayed sweep, then characterize the event of interest with the cursors. Cursors track delayed sweep 5- 33...
Page 188 Making Measurements To make cursor measurements Put the X1 cursor on one side of a pulse and the X2 cursor on the other side of the pulse. Measuring pulse width with cursors Press the X1 X2 softkey and move the cursors together to check for pulse width variations in a pulse train.
Page 189: Automatic Measurements
Automatic Measurements The following automatic measurement can be made in the Quick Meas menu. • Frequency • Period • Peak-to-Peak* • Maximum* • Minimum* • Rise Time* • Fall Time* • Duty Cycle • RMS* • + Width • – Width •...
Page 190: Making Automatic Measurements
Making Measurements Making automatic measurements Making automatic measurements Quick Meas makes automatic measurements on any channel source or any running math function. The results of the last three measurements selected are displayed on the dedicated line above the softkeys, or in the display area when some menus are selected.
Page 191: Making Time Measurements Automatically
Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically Making time measurements automatically FFT measurements When you make an X at Max measurement on a math FFT function, the resultant units will be in Hertz. No other time related automatic measurement can be made on the FFT math function.
Page 192 Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically Frequency Frequency is defined as 1/Period. Period is defined as the time between the 50% threshold crossings of two consecutive, like-polarity edges. A 50% crossing must also travel through the 10% and 90% levels which eliminates runt pulses. The X cursors show what portion of the waveform is being measured.
Page 193 Making Measurements Making time measurements automatically X at Max X at Max is the X axis value (usually time) at the first displayed occurrence of the waveform Maximum, starting from the left-side of the display. For periodic signals, the position of the maximum may vary throughout the waveform. The X cursor shows where the current X at Max value is being measured.
Page 194: Making Delay And Phase Measurements
Making Measurements Making Delay and Phase Measurements Making Delay and Phase Measurements Digital channel measurements Automatic measurements Phase 1 2, and Delay 1 2 are not valid for digital channels on the mixed-signal oscilloscope. Both analog channel 1 and channel 2 must be turned on for these phase and delay measurements.
Page 195: Making Voltage Measurements Automatically
Making Measurements Making voltage measurements automatically Making voltage measurements automatically Math measurements Only Peak-Peak, Maximum, Minimum, Average, and X at Max automatic measurements may be made on a math FFT function. See “Making time measurements automatically” for the FFT X at Max measurement. Use the cursors to make other measurements on FFT.
Page 196 Making Measurements Making voltage measurements automatically Measurement definitions Amplitude The Amplitude of a waveform is the difference between its Top and Base values. The Y cursors show the values being measured. Average Average is the sum of the waveform samples divided by the number of samples over one or more full periods.
Page 197 Making Measurements Making voltage measurements automatically The Top of a waveform is the mode (most common value) of the upper part of the waveform, or if the mode is not well defined, the top is the same as Maximum. The Y cursor shows the value being measured. Using delayed sweep to isolate a pulse for Top measurement The following figure shows how to use delayed sweep to isolate a pulse for a Top measurement.
Page 198: Making Overshoot And Preshoot Measurements
Making Measurements Making overshoot and preshoot measurements Making overshoot and preshoot measurements Digital channel time measurements Automatic measurements Preshoot and Overshoot are not valid measurements for the math FFT function or for digital channels on the mixed-signal oscilloscope. Measurement definitions Preshoot Preshoot is distortion that precedes a major edge transition expressed as a percentage of Amplitude.
Page 199 Making Measurements Making overshoot and preshoot measurements Overshoot Overshoot is distortion that follows a major edge transition expressed as a percentage of Amplitude. The X cursors show which edge is being measured (edge closest to the trigger point). local Maximum – Top Rising edge overshoot = ----------------------------------------------------- X 100 Amplitude...
Page 200 5- 46...
Page 201: Utilities
Utilities...
Page 202 Utilities The Utility menu allows you to: • select other languages for viewing Quick Help • set up the oscilloscope printer interface • load and delete floppy disk files • set up the oscilloscope I/O ports for controller operation • set up the real-time clock •...
Page 203: To Configure Quick Help Languages
Utilities To configure Quick Help languages To configure Quick Help languages You can choose to display Quick Help in any of nine languages. 1 Press the Utility key, then press the Language softkey to display the Language menu. Load Delete Version Return to Current...
Page 204 Utilities To configure Quick Help languages 4 To delete a language from the oscilloscope: Reloading a deleted language file If you delete a language from the oscilloscope, then want to reload the language, you will have to download the language file from the web from or call an Agilent center and request a language disk for your instrument.
Page 205: To Configure A Printer
Utilities To configure a printer To configure a printer Use the printer configuration menu to set up your printer interface and printer format type. You can also turn scale factors, gray scale, and form feed on and off. Factors Gray Scale Form Feed Return to Print to:...
Page 206 Utilities To configure a printer CSV length The Length softkey sets the number of XY waveform pair values that will be output to the CSV (comma-separate variable) file. Length can be set to 100, 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 waveform pairs by turning the Entry knob. The larger the length, the longer the file will take to write to the floppy disk.
Page 207: To Use The Floppy Disk
Utilities To use the floppy disk To use the floppy disk The Floppy menu allows you to load or delete files from the floppy disk. Delete selected Return to Floppy disk Load selected file previous menu file file 1 Press the softkey or turn the Entry knob to select a file on the floppy File: disk.
Page 208: To Set Up The I/O Port To Use A Controller
Utilities To set up the I/O port to use a controller To set up the I/O port to use a controller Use the I/O menu to make settings if you have a controller connected to the oscilloscope. Controller RS-232 Handshake GPIB Return to type...
Page 209 Utilities To set up the I/O port to use a controller RS-232 Connections The signals for the 9-pin RS-232 port on the oscilloscope is listed below. Pin Number Signal Data Carrier Detect Receive Data Transmit Data Data Terminal Ready Signal Ground Data Set Ready Request to Send Clear to Send...
Page 210: To Set The Clock
Utilities To set the clock To set the clock The Clock menu allows you to set the current date and time of day (24-hour format). This time/date stamp will appear on hardcopy prints and directory information on the floppy disk. To set the date and time, or to view the current date and time: 1 Press the key, press the...
Page 211: To Set Up The Screen Saver
Utilities To set up the screen saver To set up the screen saver The oscilloscope can be configured to turn on a display screen saver when the oscilloscope has been idle for a specified length of time. 1 Press the Utility key, press the Options...
Page 212: To Perform Service Functions
Utilities To perform service functions To perform service functions The Service menu allows you to: • perform User Cal on the oscilloscope • view User Cal status • perform instrument Self Test • view information about your oscilloscope model number, code revision information, modules attached, and User Cal status.
Page 213 Utilities To perform service functions User Cal Status Pressing the User Cal Status softkey displays the following summary results of the previous User Cal. Results: User Cal date: ∆T since last User Cal: Failure: Comments: Self test Pressing the Self Test softkey performs a series of internal procedures to verify that the oscilloscope and any attached module are operating properly.
Page 214: To Set Other Options
Utilities To set other options To set other options The options menu contains two additional softkeys to help configure the oscilloscope. Expand softkey When you change a channel’s volts/division setting, the waveform display can be set to expand about ground or set to expand about the center of the display. Expand About Ground the displayed waveform will expand about the position of the channel’s ground.
Page 215: Performance Characteristics
Performance Characteristics...
Page 216 Performance Characteristics This chapter lists the performance characteristics for the Agilent 54620-series Oscilloscopes. 7- 2...
Page 217 Performance Characteristics Acquisition: Analog Channels Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 °C from firmware calibration temperature. Acquisition: Analog Channels Sample rate 200 MSa/s maximum per scope channel Memory Depth 2 M/channel 4 M max with single scope channel on (Single)
Page 218 * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 °C from firmware calibration temperature. Vertical System: Analog Channels 54621A/D, 54622A/D Ch1 and 2 simultaneous acquisition 54624A Ch 1, 2, 3 and 4 simultaneous acquisition...
Page 219 Performance Characteristics Vertical System: Analog Channels (continued) * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 °C from firmware calibration temperature. Vertical System: Analog Channels (continued) ESD Tolerance ±2 kV Noise Peak-to-Peak <2% full scale or 1 mV, whichever is greater Common Mode Rejection Ratio 20 dB @ 50 MHz...
Page 220 Performance Characteristics Horizontal * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 °C from firmware calibration temperature. Horizontal Range 5 ns/div to 50 s/div Resolution 40 ps Vernier 1-2-5 increments when off, 25 minor increments between major settings when on Reference Positions Left, Center, Right Delay Range...
Page 221 Performance Characteristics Trigger System * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 °C from firmware calibration temperature. Trigger System Sources: 54621A/622A Ch 1, 2, line, ext 54621D/622D Ch 1, 2, line, ext, D15 - D0 54624A Ch 1, 2, 3, 4, line, ext Modes...
Page 222 Performance Characteristics Analog Channel Triggering * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 °C from firmware calibration temperature. Analog Channel Triggering Range (Internal) ±6 div Sensitivity* Greater of 0.35 div or 2.5 mV Coupling ac (~3.5 Hz), dc, noise reject, HF reject and LF reject (~ 50 kHz) Logic (D15 - D0) Channel Triggering (54621D and 54622D)
Page 223 255 vertical by 1000 horizontal points (waveform area) 32 levels of gray scale High-performance custom graphics display processor 400 MB/sec graphics BW / channel 2 MB SGRAM (54621A/D and 54622A/D) 4 MB SGRAM (54624A) Controls Waveform intensity on front panel Vectors on/off; infinite persistence on/off...
Page 224 Performance Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 °C from firmware calibration temperature. Points Fixed at 2048 points Source of FFT Scope channels 1 or 2, 1+2, 1-2, 1*2 Window Rectangular, Flattop, Hanning Noise Floor...
Page 225 Performance Characteristics General Characteristics * Denotes Warranted Specifications, all others are typical. Specifications are valid after a 30-minute warm-up period and ±10 °C from firmware calibration temperature. General Characteristics Physical: Size 32.26 cm wide x 17.27 cm high x 31.75 cm deep (without handle) Weight ~ 6.35 kgs (14 lbs) Calibrator Output...
Page 226 7- 12...
Page 227 Index Symbols bits of resolution 4-19 logic threshold 4-36 BMP file 4-52, 6-5 on/off 4-34 (-)Width measurement 5-38 position 4-33 (+)Width measurement 5-38 probing 4-37 size 4-35 Numerics calibrator output 7-11 digital display, interpreting 4-32 capturing data 5-3 1*2 math function 5-17 digital probe kit 1-5 Center, FFT 5-25 1-2 math function 5-18...
Page 228 Index loading language 1-25 pouch 1-5 logic threshold 4-36 power cords 1-9 getting started 1-22 power requirements 7-11 GPIB 6-8 power switch 1-12 address 6-8 power-on 1-12 graticule 2-24 main horizontal mode 4-10 predefined labels 4-43 graticule intensity 4-20 markers, delay 4-13 Preset, FFT 5-25 gray scale printing 6-6 math functions 5-16...
Page 229 Index Trig Out connector 3-39, 7-11 trigger save traces and setups 4-47 waveform intensity 4-20 HF Reject 3-6 Save/Recall 4-47 weight 7-11 holdoff 3-7 saver, screen 6-11 Width - measurement 5-38 noise reject 3-6 scale factors, print 6-6 Width + measurement 5-38 trigger coupling 3-6 scaling 2-16 Window, FFT 5-26...
Page 230 Index-4...
Page 231 (including 93/68/EEC) and carries the CE-marking accordingly (European Union). The product was tested in a typical configuration with Agilent Technologies test systems. Date: 01/27/2000 Name Ken Wyatt / Product Regulations Manager For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office, agent or distributor.
Page 233 Handling or replacing the CRT adhered to, could result in used. Do not use repaired shall be done only by qualified Agilent Technologies shall not damage to or destruction of fuses or short-circuited maintenance personnel. be liable for errors contained part or all of the product.
Page 234: Publication Number
Product maintenance Agilent Technologies and require manual changes; and, agreements and other Agilent Technologies shall pay conversely, manual customer assistance shipping charges to return the corrections may be done agreements are available for product to the Buyer.

This manual is also suitable for:

54621a 54621d 54624a 54622d

Agilent Technologies 54622A User Manual

1 Getting Started

2 Front-Panel Overview

3 Triggering the Oscilloscope

4 Megazoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation

5 Making Measurements

6 Utilities

7 Performance Characteristics

Quick Links

Related Manuals for Agilent Technologies 54622A

Summary of Contents for Agilent Technologies 54622A

This manual is also suitable for:

Table of Contents