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HARA
a ndards
as st
a ll species
of any or
It must be a leading principle to let the light demanding
species prevail in
bearing species in th e coppice o
time
some individu
in the overwood
r ements of natu r al regeneration
requi
The overwood should con sist of healt
po ssible
have be
cases should Vigorous coppice shoots be allowed to grow into
standards
In some cases
the sev
ral age gradations are a
h e coppic
t
chance of making their way up
r otected again st the coppice shoots
are p
each standa
r ee of usefulness
highest deg
r ch
bi
and also ash will fall under the
maple
or sycamo
r mer do not appea r in the oldest age classes
fo
r incipal sp
The p
sycamore
lime
aspen
alder
B eech is more slowly growing than the light demanding
species
and
r esh and fe r tile soil s
very f
r e liable to su
and oak a
birc
haz el
MI X TU
indicated above
xc
pti
al cas
h e admixtur
as t
T
R
a t a n opportunity is given fo r the production
so th
standard s or
a ls of the latter speci
r the purpose of producing seed to meet the
fo
n raised from seed
a ll ages are mixed by single trees
hoots at once grow
r d mu st be cut when it h a s re a ched the
r e have r eached a usef
cies are b eec
oak
sweet ch estn ut
etc
r equi r e s some protection against them
and willo
such mixtures are j ustified only in
s
n
h ad
of a s
ITI ON O F
OMPO
r
r ranged in small groups
ra pidly
unless they are strong
it follows that larch
h
hornbeam
r om too large a propo r tion of
er f
L I
HT D
M
G
AN
r ally
h
t
y
r ing speci
b
a
O OD
and the
s may be rep
y trees which
nly in exceptional
se
dlings have no
a xe before t h e oak
l siz e
elm
h
birc
hazel
r way maple
o
DI NG
I
obj
ctio
abl
s is practicable
hade
the sam e
r
sented
if
in others
and
cotch pine
elm
hence
a sh
maple
willo w
xcept on
sycamor
as long
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