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prevented by covering the space between
plants actually lifted must be promptly put b
ground
C onsiderable dang
up
the subsoil o wing to a change in the l
r
wat
uch danger must
r eventing the water f r om b
by p
same time
r s after a woo d has b
occu
cov
rs the stools
plantations
Insects and fungi do little damage
may be inj ur
The bark
are bored by the
fungi
P
and
a uses witches
c
genus are found on the leaves and
along the banks
r oduces numerous suckers
tree p
to cover spoil
r eboisement works
a t of the common alder
than th
The timber is fairly heavy
wood
durability
good firewood
for the manufacture of gunpowder
j oiners
wheelw
extensiv
ly used for bobbins
T
N O
r may threaten alder from t
inundation may do muc
or if sheets
d by
and
young alders i s attacked by a weevil
w
ich breeds in their stems
broom
the white o r g
rivers and in localities liable to inundation
h eaps
Its timber is
BI R
H
r ately hard
mode
r ights
and for coarse carvings
ITI
R
H F OR
as far as practicable
ing d
h damage
en coppiced
larv
or by the plant
both uncommon in
and one or two
may cause c
red ro t in the stem
and several o ther speci
owers
r ey alder
It is al so employ
on the whole
specific gravity
does no t split w
i s al so converted into charcoal
also for
T T R
plants
a ck into the
vel of the ground
be avoided
r ained away
especi
and if the water
ice form over yo ung
The foliage of alder
a nkero us formations
is sometimes planted
a s been used
hence
it h
d
ll
The timber is used by
h er r ing barrels
any
h e drying
the
a lly if it
beetles
ngland
r ees
lder t
s o f this
rance in
less value
air
dried
small
Br itain
in
The
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