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a nd cig a r cases
manufacture of matches
in the manufacture of gunpowder
tanning
urope
up to the
Indigenous in
Y
feet in
orkshire
a re a s in
extensive
dem anding
G rows almost anywhere
a nd
s
m oist lo amy sand
a lly very accommodati
gener
It develops a tall stem
height
about
It is of quick growth and short lived
an age of more t
G reat by seed
arely pure
with other species
G enerally cut out in thinnings
to
years
spen i s gene
by layers
from s eed in Open spaces
h e young trees are nibbled by dee r
T
much inj ury by insects
T
N O
rough cooperage
dyeing ( for the latter purpose also the le
G reat B ritain and Ireland
to
orth
H
ardy against fro st and drought
likes moist air
feet
h an
R
send s out numero us root suckers
U
a lly appe a rs in high fo r est in mixture
su
al so occasionally as standard s in
r eaten s to inj ure
or th
F
r ally propagated by root suck
cuttings strike less well
ITI
BR
H F OR
and
paper
D
of latitude
feet in the Tyrol
a s t
urope
L
Y
subj
ct to b e thrown by sto
rich in humus
g
D
ith a t
more only und er ve
years
P
as it beco
D
and in young woods
equires no special tending
T T R
inner work of carriages
charco
The bark is used in
orth
frica
scend s to
except on very poor dry
suits it best
h in crown
r y favoura
rarely re
V
es ripe in about
ore valuable species
T
rs
It springs up readily
ot
al so peeled
l is used
a ves
orth
sia
ound over
H
h t
ighly lig
r ms
It is
reaching a
le con
a ching
o
pice
sometimes
h er species
ubj ect to
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