METREL PowerQ4MI 2592 Instruction Manual
  1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. METREL Manuals
  4. Measuring Instruments
  5. PowerQ4MI 2592
  6. Instruction manual

METREL PowerQ4MI 2592 Instruction Manual

Hide thumbs
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

Download this manual
PowerQ4
MI 2592
Instruction manual
Version 1.2, Code No. 20 751 551

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading
Need help?

Need help?

Do you have a question about the PowerQ4MI 2592 and is the answer not in the manual?

Questions and answers

Related Manuals for METREL PowerQ4MI 2592

Summary of Contents for METREL PowerQ4MI 2592

  • Page 1 PowerQ4 MI 2592 Instruction manual Version 1.2, Code No. 20 751 551...
  • Page 2 Mark on your equipment certifies that this equipment meets the requirements of the EU (European Union) concerning safety and interference causing equipment regulations © 2009 METREL No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without permission in writing from METREL.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents: Introduction......................6 Main Features ....................6 Safety considerations ..................7 Applicable standards ..................8 Abbreviations.....................8 Description......................11 Front panel ......................11 Connector panel ....................12 Bottom view.....................13 Accessories .....................13 2.4.1 Standard accessories................13 2.4.2 Optional accessories ................14 Operating the instrument..................15 Instrument Main Menu..................16 U, I, f menu......................17 3.2.1 Meter ......................17 3.2.2...
  • Page 4 3.12.3 Alarm setup ....................57 3.12.4 Communication ..................59 3.12.5 Time & Date .....................59 3.12.6 Language ....................60 3.12.7 Instrument info ..................60 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection.....61 Measurement campaign ..................61 Connection setup ....................64 4.2.1 Connection to the LV Power Systems ............64 4.2.2 Connection to the MV or HV Power System..........67 4.2.3 Current clamp selection and transformation ratio setting ......68...
  • Page 5 6.2.8 Power factor (Pf) ..................97 6.2.9 Displacement factor (Cos φ)..............97 6.2.10 Energy......................97 6.2.11 Voltage harmonics and THD ..............98 6.2.12 Current harmonics and THD ..............98 6.2.13 Unbalance ....................98 6.2.14 Time and duration uncertainty..............98 Standards compliance ..................99 6.3.1 Compliance to the IEC 61557-12 .............99 6.3.2 Compliance to the to the IEC 61000-4-30 ..........100 Maintenance....................101...

  • Page 6: Introduction

    • Simple to use and powerful recorder with 8MB of memory and possibility to record 509 different power quality signatures. • Voltage events and user defined alarms capture • 15 hour of autonomous (battery) supply. only with Metrel »Smart clamps«...

  • Page 7: Safety Considerations

    1 Introduction • PowerView is a companion PC Software which provides easiest way to download, view and analyze measured data or print. o PowerView analyzer exposes a simple but powerful interface for downloading instrument data and getting quick, intuitive and descriptive analysis.

  • Page 8: Applicable Standards

    1 Introduction measurement errors and false event triggering due to noise coupling. Applicable standards The PowerQ4 series of instruments are designed and tested in accordance with the following standards: Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) EN 61326-2-2: 2007 Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use.
  • Page 9 1 Introduction Minus sign indicates generated energy and plus sign, indicate consumed energy. See 5.1.7 for definition. , eQ Reactive energy including eQ (phase p energy) and eP (total energy). , eQ Minus sign indicates generated energy and plus sign, indicate consumed energy.
  • Page 10 1 Introduction Long term flicker (2 hours) including P (phase p to phase g long term ltpg voltage flicker) and P (phase p to neutral long term voltage flicker). See 5.1.9 for definition. Short term flicker (10 minutes) including P (phase p to phase g short stpg term voltage flicker) and P...

  • Page 11: Description

    2 Description identified Peak voltage, including U (phase p to phase g voltage) and U (phase pgPk p to neutral voltage) RMS voltage refreshed each half-cycle, including U (phase p to Rms(1/2) pgRms(1/2) phase g half-cycle voltage) and U (phase p to neutral half-cycle pRms (1/2) voltage) See 5.1.11 for definition.

  • Page 12: Connector Panel

    2 Description Turns on/off the instrument. 7. ON-OFF key Connector panel Warning! I3 C • Use safety test leads only! • Max. permissible voltage between voltage input terminals and ground is 1000 V Figure 2.2: Top connector panel Top connector panel layout: 1 Clamp-on current transformers (I ) input terminals.

  • Page 13: Bottom View

    2 Description Bottom view Figure 2.4: Bottom view Bottom view layout: 1. Screws (unscrew to open the instrument). 2. Battery compartment. 3. Battery compartment screw (unscrew to replace the batteries). Accessories 2.4.1 Standard accessories Table 2.1: PowerQ4 standard accessories Description Peaces 3000/300/30A Flexible current clamps A1227 Test tips –...

  • Page 14: Optional Accessories

    2 Description USB cable RS-232 cable 12V/1.2A Power supply adapter Rechargeable batteries, 6 pcs. Soft carrying bag PowerQ4 Instruction manual Compact disk contest • PC software PowerView with instruction manual • PowerQ4 Instruction manual • Handbook ”Modern Power Quality Measurement Techniques” 2.4.2 Optional accessories Table 2.2: PowerQ4 optional accessories Ord.

  • Page 15: Operating The Instrument

    3 Operating the instrument 3 Operating the instrument This section describes how to operate the instrument. The instrument front panel consists of a graphic LCD display and keypad. Measured data and instrument status are shown on the display. Basic display symbols and keys description is shown on figure bellow.

  • Page 16: Instrument Main Menu

    3 Operating the instrument Figure 3.2: Common display symbols and labels during measurement campaign Instrument Main Menu After powering on the instrument the “MAIN MENU” is displayed. From this menu all instrument functions can be selected. Figure 3.3: “MAIN MENU” Table 3.1: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Battery status •...

  • Page 17: U, I, F Menu

    3 Operating the instrument U, I, f menu All important voltage, current and frequency parameters can be observed in the “U, I, f” menu. Measurements results can be viewed in a tabular (METER) or a graphical form (SCOPE, TREND). TREND view is active only in RECORDING mode. See section 3.10 for details.

  • Page 18: Scope

    3 Operating the instrument Table 3.4: Keys function Waveform snapshoot: Hold measurement on display Save held measurement into memory Reset MAX ½ and MIN ½ values (U and I Rms(1/2) ½Rms Show frequency trend (available only during recording) Show measurements for phase L1 Show measurements for phase L2 Show measurements for phase L3 Show measurements for phase LN...
  • Page 19 3 Operating the instrument Figure 3.7: Voltage and current Figure 3.8: Voltage and current waveform (single mode) waveform (dual mode) Table 3.5: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory) RECORDER is not active Current instrument time True effective value of phase voltage:...

  • Page 20: Trend

    3 Operating the instrument Show waveforms for phase L2 Show waveforms for phase L3 Show waveforms for phase LN Summary of all phases waveforms Switch to METER view. Switch to SCOPE view Switch to TREND view (available only during recording) Select which waveform to zoom (only in U/I or U+I) Set vertical zoom Set horizontal zoom...
  • Page 21 3 Operating the instrument Figure 3.11: Voltage and Figure 3.12: Trends of all current trend (dual mode) current Figure 3.13: Different combinations of voltage and current trends. Table 3.7: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory).
  • Page 22 3 Operating the instrument Show trend for phase L3 Show trend for phase LN Summary of all phases trends Switch to METER view. Switch to SCOPE view Switch to TREND view Select which waveform to zoom (only in U/I or U+I) Return to “MAIN MENU”...

  • Page 23: Power Menu

    3 Operating the instrument Table 3.10: Keys function Zoom in Zoom out Return to METER view. Set vertical zoom. Set horizontal zoom. Return to “MAIN MENU” screen. Power menu In POWER menu instrument show measured power parameters. Results can be seen in a tabular (METER) or a graphical form (TREND).

  • Page 24: Trend

    3 Operating the instrument RECORDER is not active Current instrument time P, Q, S Instantaneous active (P), reactive(Q) and apparent (S) power PF, DPF Instantaneous power factor (PF) and displacement power factor (cos φ) True effective value U True effective value I True effective value U and I Total harmonic distortion THD...
  • Page 25 3 Operating the instrument Table 3.13: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory) RECORDER is not active Show selected power mode: Consumed power data(+) are shown Generated power data (-) are shown Current instrument time Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of consumed (P Pp±, Pt±...

  • Page 26: Energy Menu

    3 Operating the instrument Select between trending various parameters: Active power Reactive inductive power Reactive capacitive power Apparent power Inductive power factor Capacitive power factor Inductive displacement factor (cos φ) Capacitive displacement factor (cos φ) Select between single phase, all-phases and total trend graph Power parameters for phase L1 Power parameters for phase L2...

  • Page 27: Harmonics Menu

    3 Operating the instrument Table 3.15: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory) RECORDER is not active Current instrument time Consumed phase (eP , eP , eP ) or total (eP ) active energy Generated phase (eP , eP...

  • Page 28: Meter

    3 Operating the instrument harmonic wave and is denoted with amplitude and a phase shift (phase angle) to a fundamental frequency signal. See 5.1.8 for details. 3.5.1 Meter By entering HARMONICS menu from MAIN MENU the HARMONICS – METER tabular screen is shown (see figure below).

  • Page 29: Bar

    3 Operating the instrument Select between single phases, neutral, all-phases and line harmonics view Harmonics components for phase L1 Harmonics components for phase L2 Harmonics components for phase L3 Harmonics components for neutral LN Summary of components on all phases Harmonics components for phase-to-phase voltages Switch to METER view.
  • Page 30 3 Operating the instrument Up, UN True effective phase or line voltage U p:1..3 Ip, IN True effective phase current I P:1..3 ThdU Total voltage harmonic distortion THD and THD ThdI Total Current harmonic distortion THD and THD n-th voltage or current harmonic component Uh or Ih n: 0..50 Table 3.20: Keys function...

  • Page 31: Trend

    3 Operating the instrument 3.5.3 Trend During active RECORDER, TREND view is available (see section 3.10 for instructions how to start RECORDER). Voltage and current harmonics components can be observed by cycling function key F4 (METER-BAR-TREND). Figure 3.21: Harmonics trends screens. Table 3.21: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active...

  • Page 32: Flickermeter

    3 Operating the instrument Select between trending various parameters. By default these are: Total harmonic distortion for selected phase (THDU harmonics for selected phase (U harmonics for selected phase (U harmonics for selected phase (U Select between single phase, neutral, all-phases and line harmonics view Harmonics components for phase L1 (U Harmonics components for phase L2 (U...

  • Page 33: Trend

    3 Operating the instrument Description of symbols and abbreviations used in METER screen is shown in table bellow. Table 3.23: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory) RECORDER is not active Current instrument time Urms True effective value U...
  • Page 34 3 Operating the instrument Table 3.25: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory) RECORDER is not active Current instrument time pstmp Maximal ( ), average ( ) and minimal ( ) value of 1-minute short term flicker P for phase voltages U p: [1..3]...

  • Page 35: Inrushes

    3 Operating the instrument Inrushes 3.7.1 Setup By entering “INRUSHES” menu screen from the “MAIN MENU” screen the “INRUSH LOGGER SETUP” screen is shown (see figure below). Figure 3.24: Inrush logger setup screens. Table 3.27: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Interval Logging interval setup (from 10 ms to 200 ms).

  • Page 36: Capturing Inrush

    3 Operating the instrument If “Interval” is selected, change interval period. If “Signals” dialog is open, scroll through all channels. If “Trigger” dialog is open, scroll through trigger sources / change trigger level / change trigger slope. Open SIGNALS dialog box (if “Signals” is selected). In this dialog box the individual signals can be selected for logging.

  • Page 37: Captured Inrush

    3 Operating the instrument Table 3.30: Keys function Stop the inrush logger. Note: If user forces inrush logging to stop no data is recorded. Logging of data only occurs when trigger is activated. Toggle between voltage and current channel. Show U voltage trend graph Rms(1/2) Show I...

  • Page 38: Events And Alarms

    3 Operating the instrument U1..UN True effective voltage value U at cursor point I1..IN True effective current value U at cursor point Trig Settled trigger value Maximal and minimal current value on graph Real time clock at cursor position Time at cursor position Table 3.32: Keys function Toggle between voltage and current channel.

  • Page 39: Voltage Events

    3 Operating the instrument Table 3.33: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory) RECORDER is not active Current instrument time Events table Submenu for observing captured voltage events Alarms table Submenu for observing captured alarms Enabled Show that alarm or event capture is active...
  • Page 40 3 Operating the instrument By pressing “Enter” on particular events we can examine its details. Event is split on phase event sorted by start time. Colon “T” shows transition from one event state to another (see table bellow for details). Figure 3.29: Voltage events group view screen Table 3.35: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status...
  • Page 41 3 Operating the instrument Table 3.36: Keys function Group view is shown. Press to switch on “PHASE” view. Phase view is shown. Press to switch on “GROUP” view. Show event summary (by types and phases): Back to Group view. Show details about the selected event. Select event.
  • Page 42 3 Operating the instrument You can also see details of each individual voltage event and statistics of all events. Statistics show count registers for each individual event type by phase. Table 3.37: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory) RECORDER is not active...

  • Page 43: Alarms List

    3 Operating the instrument Show all events Show event summary (by types and phases): Back to Group view. Show details about the selected event: Select event. Back to the “EVENTS & ALARMS” menu. 3.8.2 Alarms list This menu shows list of alarms which went off. Alarms are displayed in a table, where each row represents an alarm.
  • Page 44 3 Operating the instrument Table 3.39: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Current recorder status RECORDER is active RECORDER is busy (retrieving data from memory) RECORDER is not active Date Date when selected alarm has occurred Start Alarm start time (when first U ) value cross threshold.

  • Page 45: Phase Diagram

    3 Operating the instrument Select an alarm. Back to the “EVENTS & ALARMS” menu screen. Phase Diagram Phase diagram graphically represent fundamental voltages, currents and phase angles of the network. This view is strongly recommended for checking instrument connection before measurement. Note that most measurement issues arise from wrongly connected instrument (see 4.1 for recommended measuring practice).

  • Page 46: Symmetry Diagram

    3 Operating the instrument Table 3.42: Keys function Waveform snapshoot: Hold measurement on display Save held measurement into memory Toggle voltages for scaling (with cursors) Toggle voltages for scaling (with cursors) Switch to phase diagram Switch to symmetry diagram Show details about the selected event. Scale displayed diagram by amplitude.

  • Page 47: Recorder

    3 Operating the instrument symU- Negative sequence voltage ratio u symI- Negative sequence current ratio i symU+ Zero sequence voltage ratio u symI- Zero sequence current ratio i Indicate current and voltage scaling. Value represents current or voltage value at the top of the graph (top horizontal line). Table 3.44: Keys function Waveform snapshoot: •...
  • Page 48 3 Operating the instrument In following table description of recorder settings is given: Table 3.45: Recorder settings description Load/save one of predefined configuration. Possible options are: • “EN50160” – predefined configuration for EN 50160 survey. • Configuration Configuration 1 - user defined configuration •...
  • Page 49 3 Operating the instrument User can choose o First and last voltage and current harmonic to record o Select even, odd or all harmonics components for recording Duration Select the duration of the record. Note: If the duration time is set longer than memory allows it, it will be automatically shortened.

  • Page 50: Memory List

    3 Operating the instrument 3.11 Memory List Using this menu user can browse through record and view recorded records. By entering this menu, information’s about last record is shown. Figure 3.35: Memory list screen. Table 3.47: Memory list description Record No Selected record number, for which details are shown.

  • Page 51: Record

    3 Operating the instrument 3.11.1 Record This type of record is made by RECORDER. Record front page is similar to the RECORDER menu, as shown on figure bellow. Figure 3.36: Front page of Record in MEMORY LIST menu Table 3.49: Recorder settings description Current instrument time Indicator that record type is made by RECORDER Record type: RECORD...
  • Page 52 3 Operating the instrument Table 3.50: Keys function View selected signal group (Active only in Signals submenu Enter the selected submenu. Select parameter Back to the previous menu. By pressing in CHANNEL SETUP menu TREND screen will appear. Typical screen is shown on figure bellow. Figure 3.37: Viewing recorder U,I,f TREND data Table 3.51: Instrument screen symbols and abbreviations Show record number in MEMORY LIST...

  • Page 53: Waveform Snapshoot

    3 Operating the instrument Table 3.52: Keys function Zoom in Zoom out Select between the following options: Show voltage trend Show current trend Show voltage and current trend in single graph Show voltage and current trend in two separate graph Select between single phase, neutral and all-phase trend graph Show frequency trend...

  • Page 54: Setup Menu

    3 Operating the instrument 3.12 Setup menu From the “SETUP” menu general instrument parameters can be reviewed, configured and saved. Figure 3.39: SETUP menu Table 3.53: Description of setup options Measuring setup Setup measurement parameters. Event setup Setup event parameters. Alarm setup Setup alarm parameters.
  • Page 55 3 Operating the instrument Table 3.55: Description of measuring setup Nominal voltage range. Select voltage range according to the nominal network voltage. 1W and 4W 50 ÷ 110V (L-N) 86÷190 V (L-L) Voltage range 110 ÷ 240V (L-N) 190÷415 V (L-L) 240 ÷...

  • Page 56: Event Setup

    3 Operating the instrument Synchronization channel. This channel is used for instrument synchronization to the network frequency. Also a frequency measurement is performed on that channel. Depending on Connection user can select: Synchronization • 1W : U1 or I1. • 3W: U12, or I1.

  • Page 57: Alarm Setup

    3 Operating the instrument Table 3.57: Description of measuring setup Nominal voltage Set nominal voltage Swell Set swell threshold value. Set dip threshold value Interrupt Set interrupt threshold value Capture Events Enable or disable event capturing. Note: Enable events only if you want to capture it without recording.
  • Page 58 3 Operating the instrument Table 3.59: Description of measuring setup column Select alarm from measurement group then measurement itself (f, P+ on figure above) column Select phases for alarms capturing • 1 – alarms on phase L (Tot on figure above) •...

  • Page 59: Communication

    3 Operating the instrument 3.12.4 Communication Communication port (RS232 or USB) and communication speed can be set in this menu. Figure 3.43: Communication setup screen. Table 3.61: Keys function Change communication speed from 2400 baud to 115200 baud for RS232 and from 2400 baud to 921600 baud for USB. Switch between source and baud rate.

  • Page 60: Language

    3 Operating the instrument Table 3.62: Keys function Select between the following parameters: hour, minute, second, day, month or year. Change value of the selected item. Return to the “SETUP” menu screen. 3.12.6 Language Different languages can be selected in this menu. Figure 3.45: Language setup screen.

  • Page 61: Recommended Recording Practice And Instrument Connection

    4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection Table 3.64: Description of instrument info Company Instrument manufacturer User data Custom user data Serial No. Instrument serial number FW ver. Firmware version HW ver. Hardware version Memory size Size of Storage memory (Flash). Free memory Free storage memory in kilobytes.
  • Page 62 4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection Start Prepare instrument for new measurement, before going to measuring site. Check: ÷ Is it time and date correct? Step 1: ÷ Are batteries in good condition? Instrument Setup ÷ Is it Memory List empty? If it is not, ÷...
  • Page 63 4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection Step 2: Measurement setup Measurement setup adjustment is performed on measured site, after we find out details regarding nominal voltage, currents, type of wiring etc. Step 2.1: Synchronization and wiring • Connect current clamps and voltage tips to the “Device under measurement” (See section 4.2 for details).

  • Page 64: Connection Setup

    4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection • Using PHASE DIAGRAM menu check if voltage and current phase sequence is right regarding to the system. Additionally check if current has right direction. • Using U, I, f menu check if voltage and current value has proper value. •...
  • Page 65 4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection The actual connection scheme has to be defined in MEASURING SETUP menu (see Figure below). Figure 4.1: Measuring configuration menu When connecting the instrument it is essential that both current and voltage connections are correct.
  • Page 66 4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection LN L3 C Figure 4.3: 3-phase 4-wire system 3-phase 4-wire system In order to select this connection scheme, choose following connection on the instrument: Figure 4.4: Choosing 3-phase 3-wire system on instrument Instrument should be connected to the network according to figure bellow. LN L3 C Figure 4.5: 3-phase 3-wire system 1-phase 3-wire system...

  • Page 67: Connection To The Mv Or Hv Power System

    4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection Figure 4.6: Choosing 1-phase 3-wire system on instrument Instrument should be connected to the network according to figure bellow. LN L3 C Figure 4.7: 1-phase 3-wire system Note: In case of events capturing, it is recommended to connect unused voltage inputs to N voltage input.

  • Page 68: Current Clamp Selection And Transformation Ratio Setting

    Direct current measurement can be performed by any clamp-on current transformer. We particularly recommend: flex clamps A 1227 and iron clamps A 1281. Also older Metrel models A 1033 (1000A), A1069 (100A), A1120 (3000A), A1099 (3000A), etc.. can be used.
  • Page 69 4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection Figure 4.10: Parallel feeding of large load Example: 2700 A current load is feed by 3 equal parallel cables. In order to measure current we can embrace only one cable with clamps, and select: Measuring on wires: 3 in clamp menu.
  • Page 70 4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection Figure 4.11: Current clamps selection for indirect current measurement Over-dimensioned current transformer Installed current transformers on the field are usually over-dimensioned for “possibility to add new loads in future”. In that case current in primary transformer can be less than 10% of rated transformer current.
  • Page 71 4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection Automatic current clamps recognition Metrel developed Smart current clams product family in order to simplify current clamps selection and settings. Smart clams are multi-range switch-less current clamps automatically recognized by instrument. In order to activate smart clamp recognition, following procedure should be followed for the first time: 1.

  • Page 72: Number Of Measurements And Connection Type Relationship

    4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection Number of measurements and connection type relationship PowerQ4 displaying and measurement, mainly depends on network type, defined in MEASUREMENT SETUP menu, Connection type. In example if user choose single phase connection system, only measurement relate to single phase system will be present.
  • Page 73 4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection In the same manner recording quantities are related to connection type too. When user selects Signals in RECORDER menu, channels selected for recording are chosen according to the Connection type, according to the next table.
  • Page 74 4 Recommended Recording Practice and Instrument Connection Table 4.2: Quantities recorder by instrument 1-phase Value Voltage 1Rms NRms 12Rms 23Rms 32Rms 1Rms 2Rms 3Rms NRms 12Rms 23Rms 32Rms Current 1rms Nrms 1rms 2rms 3rms 1rms 2rms 3rms Nrms NCrms Frequency freqU | freqI freqU...

  • Page 75: Theory And Internal Operation

    5 Theory and internal operation 5 Theory and internal operation This section contains basics theory of measuring functions and technical information of the internal operation of the PowerQ4 instrument, including descriptions of measuring methods and logging principles. Measurement methods 5.1.1 Measurement aggregation over time intervals Standard compliance: IEC 61000-4-30 Class S (Section 4.4) The basic measurement time interval for: •...

  • Page 76: Current Measurement (Magnitude Of Supply Current)

    5 Theory and internal operation 1024 ∑ − Line voltage: [V], pg: 12,23,31 1024 Phase voltage crest factor: , p: 1,2,3,N Line voltage crest factor: pgPk , pg: 12, 23, 31 The instrument has internally 3 voltage measurement ranges. Middle voltage (MV) and high voltage (HV) systems can be measured on lowest voltage range with assistance of voltage transformers.

  • Page 77: Phase Power Measurements

    5 Theory and internal operation For RECORDING with aggregation time Interval: <10 sec and on-line measurements, frequency reading is obtained from 10 cycles, in order to decrease instrument response time. The frequency is ratio of 10 cycle’s, divided by the duration of the integer cycles. Frequency measurement is performed on chosen “Synchronization channel”, in “Measuring setup”...

  • Page 78: Energy

    5 Theory and internal operation (16) PFtot = Total power factor (vector): Figure 5.2: Vector representation of total power calculus 5.1.7 Energy Standard compliance: IEC 61557-12 (Annex A) Energy counters are linked to RECORDER functionality. Energy counters measure energy only when RECORDER is active. After power off/on procedure and before start of recording, all counters are cleared.

  • Page 79: Harmonics

    5 Theory and internal operation 5.1.8 Harmonics Standard compliance: IEC 61000-4-30 Class A and S (Section 5.7) IEC 61000-4-7 Class I Calculation called fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is used to translate AD converted input signal to sinusoidal components. The following equation describes relation between input signal and its frequency presentation.

  • Page 80: Flicker

    5 Theory and internal operation (19) ∑ n-th current harmonic: p: 1,2,3 ⋅ − Total harmonic distortion is calculated as ratio of the RMS value of the harmonic subgroups to the RMS value of the subgroup associated with the fundamental: (20) ⎛...
  • Page 81 5 Theory and internal operation voltage(V) -100 -200 -300 -400 time (s) Figure 5.6: Voltage fluctuation Flickers are measured in accordance with standard IEC 61000-4-15 “Flicker meter- functional and design specifications”. It defines the transform function based on a 230V/60W lamp-eye-brain chain response. That function is a base for flicker meter implementation and is presented on figure bellow.

  • Page 82: Voltage And Current Unbalance

    5 Theory and internal operation (22) ∑ p: 1,2,3 5.1.10 Voltage and current unbalance Standard compliance: IEC 61000-4-30 Class A (Section 5.7.1) The supply voltage unbalance is evaluated using the method of symmetrical components. In addition to the positive sequence component U , under unbalanced conditions there also exists negative sequence component U and zero sequence...
  • Page 83 5 Theory and internal operation • On single-phase systems, a voltage dip begins when the U voltage falls Rms(1/2) below the dip threshold, and ends when the U voltage is equal to or above Rms(1/2) the dip threshold plus the 2% of hysteresis voltage (see Figure 5.8) •...
  • Page 84 5 Theory and internal operation The swell threshold is a percentage of nominal voltage defined in Voltage events setup menu. The swell threshold can be set by the user according to the use. Instrument permits swell evaluation: • on single-phase systems, a voltage swell begins when the U voltage rises Rms(1/2) above the swell threshold, and ends when the U...

  • Page 85: Alarms

    5 Theory and internal operation • U – minimum interrupt magnitude voltage is the lowers U value measured Rms(1/2) on any channel during the interrupt. • The start time of a interrupt is time stamped with the time of the start of the of the channel that initiated the event, and the end time of the interrupt is Rms(1/2) time stamped with the time of the end of the U...
  • Page 86 5 Theory and internal operation A new recording interval commence after previous interval run out, at the beginning of the next 10 cycle time interval. The data for the IP time interval are aggregated from 10- cycle time intervals, according to the figure bellow. The aggregated interval is tagged with the absolute time.
  • Page 87 5 Theory and internal operation Arithmetic Frequency Arithmetic Power Arithmetic Arithmetic Arithmetic Arithmetic DPF (cos φ) Arithmetic Symmetry Harmonics 1÷50 1÷50 Parameter which will be recorded during recording session depends on Connection and synchronization channel, as shown in Table 4.2. For each parameter: •...

  • Page 88: Power And Energy Recording

    5 Theory and internal operation Frequency and unbalance measurement are always considered as active values for recording. Table bellows show number of signal for each parameter group in RECORDER. Table 5.4: Total number of recorded quantities 13 quantities 20 quantities 35 quantities U,I,f 52 values per interval...

  • Page 89: Waveform Snapshoot

    5 Theory and internal operation Figure 1: Motor/generator and inductive/capacitive phase/polarity diagram 5.1.15 Waveform snapshoot During measurement campaign PowerQ4 has ability to take waveform snapshot. This is particularly useful for memorizing characteristic or extreme network behavior. Instruments internally store 10 cycles of samples which can be later observed with MEMORY LIST menu (see 3.11) or with PowerView.
  • Page 90 5 Theory and internal operation Figure 5.10: Inrush (waveform and RMS) Inrush logging starts when the trigger even occurs. Storage buffer is divided into pre- buffer (measured values before trigger point) and post-buffer (measured values after trigger point). Triggering Input: I - trigger channels Level: predefined TRMS value Slope: rise / fall...

  • Page 91: En 50160 Standard Overview

    5 Theory and internal operation EN 50160 Standard Overview EN 50160 standard define, describes and specifies the main characteristics of the voltage at a network user’s supply terminals in public low voltage and medium voltage distribution networks under normal operating conditions. This standard describes the limits or values within which the voltage characteristics can be expected to remain over the whole of the public distribution network and do not describe the average situation usually experienced by an individual network user.

  • Page 92: Short Interruptions Of The Supply Voltage

    5 Theory and internal operation a retained voltage between 85 % and 90 % of U can occur very frequently as a result of the switching of loads in network users’ installations. 5.2.4 Short interruptions of the supply voltage Under normal operating conditions the annual occurrence of short interruptions of the supply voltage ranges from up to a few tens to up to several hundreds.

  • Page 93: Powerq4 Recorder Setting For En 50160 Survey

    6 Technical specifications 5.2.9 PowerQ4 recorder setting for EN 50160 survey PowerQ4 is able to perform EN 50160 surveys on all values described in previous sections. In order to simplify procedure, PowerQ4 has predefined recorder configuration (EN510160) for it. By default all current parameters (RMS, THD, etc.) are also included in survey, which can provide additional survey information’s.

  • Page 94: Measurements

    6 Technical specifications 8 pin PS/2 – type RS-232 2400 baud ÷ 115200 baud * The charging time and the operating hours are given for batteries with a nominal capacity of 2500mAh Measurements Note: In order to get resolution and accuracy specified in this section, measuring data should be observed by PowerView (Waveform Snapshoot or On-Line View).

  • Page 95: Line Voltages

    6 Technical specifications Range 2: 50 V ÷ 360 V 1.5 min Range 3: 200 V ÷ 1500 V , p: [1, 2, 3, 4, N], AC+DC Measuring range Resolution Accuracy 1 ÷ 2.5 0.01 5% Cf : p: [1, 2, 3, 4, N], AC+DC Measuring range Resolution Accuracy...

  • Page 96: Frequency

    6 Technical specifications Peak value I , p: [1, 2, 3, 4, N], AC+DC pPk, Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Range 1: 50 mV ÷ 280 mV 100 μ V Range 2: 50 mV ÷ 3 Vpk , p: [1, 2, 3, 4, N], AC+DC p½...

  • Page 97: Power Factor (Pf)

    6 Technical specifications With A 1227 ± 1.5 % 0.000 k ÷ 999.9k Flex clamps With A 1033 ± 1.3 % 000.0 k ÷ 999.9 k 1000 A Excluding clamps 0.000 k ÷ 999.9 M ± 0.5 % With A 1227 4 digits ±...

  • Page 98: Voltage Harmonics And Thd

    6 Technical specifications 6.2.11 Voltage harmonics and THD Measuring range Resolution Accuracy < 3 % U 10 mV 0.15 % U 3 % U < Uh < 20 % U 10 mV 5 % Uh : nominal voltage (RMS) : measured harmonic current harmonic component 1 ÷...

  • Page 99: Standards Compliance

    6 Technical specifications Standards compliance 6.3.1 Compliance to the IEC 61557-12 General and essential characteristic Power quality assessment function Indirect current direct voltage measurement Classification according to 4.3 Indirect current indirect voltage measurement Temperature Humidity + altitude Standard Measurement characteristic Function symbols Class according Measuring range Measuring method...

  • Page 100: Compliance To The To The Iec 61000-4-30

    6 Technical specifications 6.3.2 Compliance to the to the IEC 61000-4-30 Measurement IEC 61000-4-30 Section and PowerQ4 Method - Uncertainty Measuring Influence Aggregation Class Parameter Parameter IEC 61000-4- range Quantity range Method 30 Section 5.1 Frequency freq 5.1.1 ±10 mHz 10 Hz ~ 70 Hz 40 Hz ÷...

  • Page 101: Maintenance

    6 Technical specifications Maintenance 6.4.1 Inserting batteries into the instrument Make sure that the power supply adapter/charger and measurement leads are disconnected and the instrument is off. Insert batteries as shown in figure bellow (insert batteries correctly, otherwise the instrument will not operate and the batteries could be discharged or damaged).

  • Page 102: Batteries

    6 Technical specifications • Rechargeable NiMh batteries (size AA) are recommended. The charging time and the operating hours are given for batteries with a nominal capacity of 2500 mAh. • Do not use standard batteries while power supply adapter/charger is connected, otherwise they may explode! •...

  • Page 103: Power Supply Considerations

    6 Technical specifications The effects described above should not be mixed with normal battery capacity decrease over time. All charging batteries lose some of their capacity when repeatedly charged/discharged. The actual decrease of capacity versus number of charging cycles depends on battery type and is provided in the technical specification of batteries provided by battery manufacturer.
  • Page 104 6 Technical specifications Manufacturer address: METREL d.d. Ljubljanska 77, SI-1354 Horjul, Slovenia Tel: +(386) 1 75 58 200 Fax: +(386) 1 75 49 095 Email: metrel@metrel.si http://www.metrel.si...

Table of Contents