What Nat Does; How Nat Works; Nat Mapping Types; Figure 76 How Nat Works - ZyXEL Communications ZyWall P1 User Manual

ZyWALL P1 User's Guide

11.1.2 What NAT Does

In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a
subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding
the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination
address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the
original inside host. Note that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never
changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the
ISP. In addition, you can designate servers (for example a web server and a telnet server) on
your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any
servers, NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your
ZyWALL filters out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your
network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network
Address Translator (NAT).

11.1.3 How NAT Works

Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing
packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside
Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the
destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT
maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with
hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source
port numbers for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet
and then forwards it to the Internet. The ZyWALL keeps track of the original addresses and
port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following
figure illustrates this.

Figure 76 How NAT Works

11.1.4 NAT Mapping Types

NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:
178 Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)