Transmitter Circuits - Icom IC-78 Service Manualvice Man

The amplified signal is applied to the VCA (IC2701), and
then volume controlled AF signal is power-amplified at the
AF power amplifier (IC2901) to drive the speaker. The AF
signal is applied to the speaker.

4-2 TRANSMITTER CIRCUITS

4-2-1 MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT
(MAIN UNIT)
The microphone amplifier circuit amplifies microphone-input
signals and outputs the amplified signal to the balanced
modulator.
Audio signals from the [MIC] connector are applied to the
MIC amplifier IC (IC2201). IC2201 consists of the micro-
phone amplifier, microphone gain controller, speech com-
pressor and VOX circuit. External modulation input from the
[ACC] socket (pin 11) is also applied to IC2201. The micro-
phone bias voltage is supplied from the 8V line via R2225
and R2201.
In AM mode, the ALC circuit (IC2351b, D2381) limits maxi-
mum level of the IC2201 output. The maximum modulation
level is set by R2385.
4-2-2 BALANCED MODULATOR (MAIN UNIT)
The balanced modulator converts the AF signal from the
microphone amplifier into a 455 kHz IF signal with a BFO
signal.
Output signals from the microphone amplifier or the CW
keying signal are applied to the balanced modulator
(IC2301, pin 1). The BFO signal from the PLL unit is applied
to IC2301 (pin 10) as a carrier signal.
C2301 is a doubled balanced mixer IC and outputs a double
side band (DSB) signal with –40 dB carrier suppression.
R2303 adjusts the balanced level of IC2301 for maximum
carrier suppression. In CW mode, the CW keying signal
upsets the balance to create a carrier signal. In AM mode,
Q2302 and R2321 upset the balance to create an AM carri-
er signal.
4-2-3 CW KEYING CIRCUIT (MAIN UNIT)
When the CW key is closed, control signal is output from
CPU (LOGIC unit) and controls break-in operation, the side
tone signal.
The input signal (DOT or DAS) from CW keyer is applied to
the CPU (LOGIC unit; IC1, pins 71, 70) and then CPU out-
puts CW control signal (KDS) from pin 77. The CW control
signal is applied to the balanced modulator (IC2301) via
Q3701, Q3702, D3701 to unbalance the IC2301 input bias
voltage and create a carrier signal. R3703 determines the
transmit delay timing.
4-2-4 IF AMPLIFIER (MAIN UNIT)
The SSB/CW/RTTY 455 kHz IF signal passes through FI611
(FL-65) to suppress unwanted sideband signals, then the
signal is applied to a transmit IF amplifier (Q502). The
optional CW narrow filter is not used in transmitting.
The amplified signal from Q502 is mixed with the 2nd LO
signal and converted to a 64.455 MHz IF signal at D401.
D401 is used in receiving and transmitting. The AM signal
bypasses FI611, and is amplified at Q502 and is then
applied to D401.
The 64.455 MHz IF signal is filtered at FI301, and amplified
at the IF amplifier (Q151) and is then converted into the dis-
played frequency at the balanced mixer (Q101, Q102) with
the 1st LO signal.
The gates of the IF amplifiers (Q151, Q502) are controlled
by ALC bias voltage from the ALC circuit. A thermistor
(R508), connected to the gate of Q502, improves the tem-
perature characteristics of the transmitter gain. R503 adjusts
the total transmitter gain.
4-2-5 RF CIRCUIT (MAIN AND PA UNITS)
The displayed frequency signal converted at the balanced
mixer (MAIN unit; Q101, Q102) is applied to the bandpass
filter (L100–L103, C101–C107) where unwanted LO signal
emission is reduced. The filtered signal is attenuated at
R5–R7 and amplified at IC1, and is then applied to the PA
unit via the attenuator (R1–R3).
The signals from the MAIN unit are amplified at the predrive
amplifier (Q1), drive amplifier (Q2, Q3) and power amplifier
(Q4, Q5) in the PA unit to obtain a stable 100 W of RF out-
put power.
The predrive amplifier is a class-A amplifier with a VCC of
13.8 V. The drive amplifier is a class-AB push-pull amplifier
with a VCC of 13.8 V. D1 controls bias voltage to the drive
amplifier.
The impedance of the signal from the drive amplifier is con-
verted at L2, and then the signal is applied to the power
amplifier (Q4, Q5). The power amplifier is a class-AB push-
pull amplifier and amplifies the input signal to 100 W. D2 and
D3 control bias voltage to the power amplifier. The signal
from the power amplifier is applied to one of the low-pass fil-
ters in the FILTER unit.
4-2-6 LOW-PASS FILTER CIRCUIT (FILTER UNIT)
The low-pass filter circuit consists of 6 Chebyschev low-
pass filters to suppress the higher harmonic components.
The signal from the power amplifier (Q4, Q5) is applied to
one of the low-pass filters (depending on its frequency). The
filter switching voltage from the MAIN unit (J4001) is applied
to the FILTER unit via J1.
The filtered signal passes through the SWR detector circuit
(L13) and is then applied to the antenna connector.
4-2-7 ALC CIRCUIT (MAIN UNIT)
The ALC (Automatic Level Control) circuit controls the gain
of IF amplifiers in order for the IC-78 to output a constant RF
power set by the [RF PWR] control even when the supplied
voltage shifts, etc.
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