LeCroy Color Digital Oscilloscopes Manual
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LeCroy Color Digital Oscilloscopes Manual

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Hands-On Guide
to LeCroy
Color
Digital Oscilloscopes
Revision C — April 1998

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Summary of Contents for LeCroy Color Digital Oscilloscopes

  • Page 1 Hands-On Guide to LeCroy Color Digital Oscilloscopes Revision C — April 1998...
  • Page 2 Tel: (41) 22 719 21 11, Fax: (41) 22 782 39 15 Internet: www.lecroy.com Copyright © April 1998, LeCroy. All rights reserved. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions. Specifications subject to change. LeCroy, ProBus and SMART Trigger are registered trademarks of LeCroy Corporation. Centronics is a registered trademark of Data Computer Corp.
  • Page 3 &RQWHQWV )RUZRUG ³ $ERXW WKLV *XLGH ......................vii 3$57  $OO $ERXW WKH '62 A broad overview of the Digital Storage Oscilloscope, zooming on LeCroy Color DSOs. 3ULPDU\ 6SHFLILFDWLRQV Basic Elements ..............1–2 Bandwidth................1–3 Sample Rate ...............1–4 Memory Length..............1–4 6LJQDO &DSWXUH Acquisition Technique ............1–5...

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    &RQWHQWV 3DUW  *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG An illustrated tour of the scope, then ‘hands-on’ for a run through its basic functions . )URQW3DQHO &RQWUROV..............2–2 ,QVWDOODWLRQ &KHFN..............2–4 ,QLWLDOL]DWLRQ.................2–4 :DYHIRUP $FTXLVLWLRQ .............2–7 TRACE ON/OFF..............2–8 TIMEBASE Controls............2–9 Vertical Controls..............2–10 TRIGGER Controls............2–11 ZOOM................2–12 CURSORS/MEASURE ............2–14 Waveform Parameters.............2–16 Summed Averaging............2–17 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)..........2–20...
  • Page 5 3DUW  6KDUSHQLQJ <RXU Performing the most common measurements using the 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV scope, in a series of easy-to-follow, step-by-step tutorials. )LUVW 6WHSV LQ 0HDVXULQJ............3–2 The basic steps for setting up practically any measurement. 'LJLWL]LQJ ZLWK $OO (LJKW %LWV ..........3–6 How to set up the scope for digitizing on all eight bits.
  • Page 6 &RQWHQWV Process acquisitions of a few sample points. 7HVWLQJ $JDLQVW D 7HOHFRP 0DVN ........3–96 Telecom-measure pulse-shaped signals to industry standards. 6WRULQJ WR 5HPRYDEOH +DUG 'LVN........3–109 The portable PC Card hard disk drive (HDD) simplifies storage. &DOFXODWLQJ RQ /RQJ :DYHIRUPV........3–114 Handle longer FFTs and multiple long-waveform zoom, math and storage.
  • Page 7 )RUHZRUG $ERXW WKLV *XLGH The title itself is explicit: this is a practical guide that shows you what the scope can do as you operate it . The guide offers a helping hand to both the beginner and the experienced operator of digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs).
  • Page 8 Basic concepts are explained and the main digital concepts and techniques outlined. The advantages of your LeCroy scope are also covered. Having completed Part 1, you’ll then be ready to zoom in on your scope in Part 2.
  • Page 9 7KH 'LJLWDO 6WRUDJH 2VFLOORVFRSH :KDW WKH '62 'RHV DQG +RZ The digital oscilloscope is the essential instrument used to capture, view and analyze waveforms, measure signal characteristics and document the output. There three main categories. Top-end models with a bandwidth of around 400 MHz or more are the most suitable for R&D-type work.
  • Page 10 Ø Processor — controls the entire system and performs special monitoring and measurement functions Ø Display System — translates stored data into a graphic display of the signal. 6\VWHP $FTXLVLWLRQ ,QSXW 0HPRU\ $PSOLILHU $'& 6LJQDO 0HPRU\ 8S WR  0E 3URFHVVRU 5HFRUG %DQGZLGWK...
  • Page 11 7KH 'LJLWDO 6WRUDJH 2VFLOORVFRSH bandwidth is five times greater than the highest frequency component of the signal to be studied. 6DPSOH 5DWH The higher the sample rate the better the signal resolution. This is particularly important for single-shot waveform capture and measurement.
  • Page 12 Because digital scopes acquire input signals by sampling, they can miss glitches at the lower sample rates. But LeCroy’s Peak Detect System captures glitches occurring between these samples. When the system is activated, the scope samples at a very fast rate, continuously checking for glitches using a built-in algorithm.
  • Page 13 1XPEHU RI &KDQQHOV Your LeCroy DSO has four channels, as well as an external trigger channel and a CAL BNC output connector. The CAL BNC can be used as the source of a calibration signal, an output pulse on the occurrence of each trigger, or an output pulse signaling a Pass/Fail condition.
  • Page 14 The LeCroy DSO’s large screen and a waveform grid that fills the viewing area accelerate visual processing and facilitate more effective communication of on-screen information. Other advanced display techniques give major performance improvements over conventional analog or digital scopes.
  • Page 15 For example, inputs from voltage and current transformers can be multiplied together to display power. An important LeCroy DSO feature is the ability to ‘daisy-chain’ math functions: a power trace can be integrated to display energy, for instance.
  • Page 16 However, variations in risetimes create a plot with some horizontal structure, implying variations in the measurements. Your LeCroy DSO is able not only to ²...
  • Page 17 The PC Card Memory Card drive and built-in floppy disk drive — located on the front panel of your LeCroy DSO — can also be used to store waveforms and screen shots. The built-in thermal printer is quick and convenient for producing a screen-output plot.
  • Page 18 ,QWHUIDFHV Your LeCroy DSO can be controlled remotely through its IEEE-488 or RS-232 ports. As well as storage, printing and transfer to memory devices, the scope offers push-button transfer of waveforms and settings to the LW series of arbitrary waveform generators. This...
  • Page 19 Following this, you’ll be ready to go on to Part 3, and to connect your own signals to the scope. For complete details on all features of your LeCroy color digital oscilloscope, accompanying 2SHUDWRU·V 0DQXDO.

  • Page 20: Urqw3Dqho &Rqwurov

    *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG 7KH )URQW3DQHO &RQWUROV The main controls you’ll be using here: $872 6(783 — acquires and displays repetitive signals in less than two seconds. $1$/2* 3(56,67 — for the unique Analog Persistence™ feature: each persistence data map is displayed in various intensities of the trace color. )8// 6&5((1 —...
  • Page 21 ²...

  • Page 22: Qvwdoodwlrq &Khfn

    *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG ,QVWDOODWLRQ &KHFN Before powering up, check that the local power source corresponds to the scope’s range — any AC power source of 90–250V, 50 or 60 Hz. ( See the 2SHUDWRU·V 0DQXDO for Safety details.) Use the cable provided to connect to the power source. Then turn on the scope by pushing the POWER button at the bottom left-hand corner of the front of the scope.
  • Page 23 A column of menu boxes like the one shown here will appear at right- of-screen. Either “Recall” or “Save” will be highlighted. Press the top menu button to select “5HFDOO”. Now press the “FROM DEFAULT SETUP” menu button. Note: When a word or number is highlighted on- screen, front-panel controls will apply to the function,...
  • Page 24 *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG With the scope initialized, we’re ready to explore some of its basic functions. %XW ILUVW :H QHHG D 6LJQDO Connect a BNC cable from the CAL output at right to the Channel 1 (CH 1) BNC input at left. We can now go on to acquire and display waveforms.

  • Page 25: Dyhirup $Ftxlvlwlrq

    :DYHIRUP $FTXLVLWLRQ Press the blue button. This will automatically set the trigger-level, timebase and vertical settings needed for displaying the input signal. Note: Auto Setup is a particularly useful feature that facilitates the display of a wide range of repetitive signals, including those with duty cycles as small as 0.1 %.
  • Page 26 *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG 75$&( 212)) To switch off a channel — Channel 2 in this example: Press the corresponding TRACE ON/OFF button, located on the CHANNELS control panel. This action removes both the trace and its label from the screen. ²...
  • Page 27 7,0(%$6( &RQWUROV Use the knob to adjust the timebase. The selected time/division setting is shown on the lower left-hand side of the screen. Now, to capture the signal for a shorter period, change setting 0.2 ms/div. But make sure to reset it to 0.5 ms/div for the remainder of these exercises.
  • Page 28 *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG 9HUWLFDO &RQWUROV The VOLTS/DIV controls give a vertical gain selection of 2 mV–5 V/div, operating in a 1–2–5 sequence. To reduce the sensitivity: Turn and set the gain to 500 mV/div. The selected volts/div setting is shown in the Channel 1 trace label. To fine-tune the vertical gain: Press the button.
  • Page 29 When more than one trace is displayed on the screen, the number of the selected trace is highlighted on its respective trace label. The vertical controls — including VOLTS/DIV, OFFSET and COUPLING — will operate for this trace only. To choose another trace: Press the desired SELECT CHANNEL button, to which the controls will then apply.
  • Page 30 *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG =RRP To expand — or ‘zoom-in’ on — a small section of the trace so that it can bee seen in more detail: Note: The Zoom function is an Press important benefit of the scope’s acquisition memory. It Then press the corresponding to select “'XDO”...

  • Page 31: Zoom

    Now, press to turn on Trace A . Turn to adjust the expansion factor and increase the amount of zoom. Turn to move the expanded part of the upper trace. Turn to expand vertically. Note that the expanded part of the upper trace shows the section of the original waveform...
  • Page 32 *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG &8562560($685( Press and use the respective s to select: “&XUVRUV”, “7LPH” and “$EVROXWH”. Note: Use cursors to make fast, accurate Use the upper ‘cursor position’ knob to move the measurements and cursor. eliminate guesswork. (See the Operator’s Manual and Accurate The Absolute Time cursor appears as a cross-hair on the waveform.
  • Page 33 Press the corresponding menu button to change the selection from “Absolute” to “5HODWLYH”. Now two cursor menus are available, operated by the upper and lower knobs, respectively. The Relative Time cursors appear as vertical arrows on the waveform. Shown below the grid is the relative time difference between the cursors, while trace labels...
  • Page 34 *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG :DYHIRUP 3DUDPHWHUV Press the top menu button to select “3DUDPHWHUV”. Appearing on-screen below the grid is a list of five different voltage Note: The scope’s capacities parameters. go beyond cursor Press the corresponding buttons to select from the measurements to calculate “mode”...
  • Page 35 6XPPHG $YHUDJLQJ Press to turn off Trace A and the ZOOM function. Press to turn on Trace C and ZOOM on it. Use the Summed Averaging function to improve the vertical Now press resolution of repetitive signals, or to average out unwanted noise on a live signal.
  • Page 36 *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG Now, press corresponding select “REDEFINE &”. These menus will appear: ²...
  • Page 37 Press the corresponding to select “<HV” from the “use Math?” menu. The screen will change to display the menus shown The scope may allow here. various types of averaging — see Now use the corresponding to select “$YHUDJH” from “Avg Type” menu — the “Math Type”...
  • Page 38 *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG ) ) 7 Press to select “REDEFINE &”. Note: Fast Fourier Transform Press the corresponding (FFT) allows acquired waveforms to be converted into And then press those s that will make the selections frequency-domain traces, highlighted on the screen below. revealing valuable spectral information that would otherwise be impossible to...
  • Page 39 Trace C and FFT. Note: Waveform memories allow the temporary saving of Now press waveforms for later comparison or analysis — Then press respective an important benefit of to select “” from the “store” menu, “0” digital oscilloscopes. ²...
  • Page 40 *HWWLQJ 6WDUWHG from the “to” menu, and “DO STORE ( – > 0)”. Note: As many as four waveforms can be saved Then press to display the and stored until overwritten stored trace. by other waves or the scope is switched off. Then press the s to select Trace A displays the...
  • Page 41 6DYH DQG 5HFDOO 6HWXS Press Then the s to select “6DYH” and for “TO SETUP 1”. Note: Entire panel setups, such as those Now, as an exercise, randomly change Channel 1’s of often-performed measurements, can be saved and stored in non-volatile internal Change and the Timebase, too.

  • Page 42: 0Hdvxulqj 6Nloov

    0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The tutorials in Part 3 show you how to perform most common types measurements. As in Part 2, the tutorials take a practical, step-by-step approach to famliarizing you with the use of your LeCroy color digital oscilloscope. ²...

  • Page 43: Luvw 6Whsv Lq 0Hdvxulqj

    0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV )LUVW 6WHSV LQ 0HDVXULQJ First, the initial, basic steps for most measurements... $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS Connect the signal to be measured — for example, the calibrator (CAL) — to the Channel 2 BNC input (CH 2). 67(3  Reset: press , the top simultaneously.
  • Page 44 )LUVW 6WHSV 67(3  Press Then press the corresponding to select from the ‘Coupling’ menu the coupling matching the source’s impedance — 50 Ω in this case. The screen will display: Note: The coupling must be well adapted to avoid reflections at input to the oscilloscope.
  • Page 45 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Press again. The screen will then display: ²...
  • Page 46 )LUVW 6WHSV These three basic steps will be repeated as a prelude to performing most of the described measurements that follow... ²...

  • Page 47: Ljlwl]Lqj Zlwk $Oo

    0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV %HVW 'LJLWL]LQJ ZLWK $OO (LJKW %LWV The scope’s eight-bit analog–to–digital converter (ADC) offers 256 levels of quantization. Acquisition on all levels gives the best digitizing: the digitized signal covers all eight screen divisions without going off- screen (‘clipping’). Here’s how best to digitize on all eight bits.
  • Page 48 (LJKW%LW 'LJLWL]LQJ The screen will display: Note: The signal’s amplitude is acquired on approximately six divisions, corresponding to 5/8 = 192 levels or 7.32 bits of quantification used. 67(3  to adjust the channel input sensitivity and have the signal fill all eight divisions of the screen. And to even more finely adjust the sensitivity, press 7LSV : Changing the sensitivity using the VAR button will give a non-rounded gain —...
  • Page 49 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will now display: ²...

  • Page 50: Kdudfwhul]Lqj D 3Xovh

    3XOVH &KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ &KDUDFWHUL]LQJ D 3XOVH A major advantage of DSOs is the capacity to accurately measure acquired data using standard parameters. Your scope offers a selection of Voltage and Time parameters, as well as parameter customization. This tutorial shows how standard parameters are displayed to characterize pulses vertically and horizontally.
  • Page 51 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Reset: press , the top simultaneously. Then press to turn off Trace 2. 67(3  Press , then the corresponding to select from the “Coupling” menu the coupling matching the source’s impedance — 50 Ω. 67(3  Press again.
  • Page 52 3XOVH &KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ 67(3  Press 67(3  Then press to select “3DUDPHWHUV”. The screen will display: 67(3  Next, press ²...
  • Page 53 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The five main vertical parameters of the last acquisition, displayed beneath the grid ( see previous screen ): SNSN the difference between maximum and minimum data values PHDQ the average of data values VGHY the standard deviation of the data values from the mean value the square root of the sum of the squares of the data values divided by the number of points...
  • Page 54 3XOVH &KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ Note: Acquiring just one pulse does not permit measurement of a signal period. Therefore, the period parameter is not calculated and no value is displayed. 7LSV : In order to perform the parameter calculation on a particular section of the signal, adjust the left and right cursors using the upper and lower knobs, respectively, on the SYSTEM SETUP part of the front panel.
  • Page 55 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV On the screen below an area of interest has been selected for measuring the time of the pulse’s falling edge, as indicated by “delay ()”: Note: The number of points used to calculate the parameters is shown in the “to” menu.
  • Page 56 3XOVH &KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ Finally, press Note: The sweeps number shown immediately under the grid is the number of acquisitions to which the statistics calculated and displayed apply. To restart the statistics calculation, press the CLEAR SWEEPS button. Only the future acquisitions will be included in the calculation.

  • Page 57: Ffxudwh 0Hdvxulqj Zlwk &Xuvruv

    0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV $FFXUDWH 0HDVXULQJ ZLWK &XUVRUV A variety of cursors of two basic types are used with your LeCroy color DSO. In Standard Display, Amplitude (Voltage) cursors are lines moved on the grid to measure the amplitude of a signal. And...
  • Page 58 0HDVXULQJ ZLWK &XUVRUV 67(3  Press , then the corresponding to select from the “Coupling” menu the coupling matching the source’s impedance — 50 Ω. 67(3  Press again. 67(3  to adjust the timebase, to fill Turn the screen with the signal. Press to halt the scope and display: Note: Pressing SINGLE is a...
  • Page 59 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Press 67(3  Press the to select “&XUVRUV”. (“$PSOLWXGH” and “$EVROXWH” will show as the default selections in the “mode” and “type” menus, respectively.) The screen will display: Note: In Absolute Amplitude Mode, selected here by default, a single cursor bar in the form of a broken line is displayed (in this example...
  • Page 60 0HDVXULQJ ZLWK &XUVRUV The screen will then display: Note: Amplitude cursors are moved pixel by pixel up and down the grid. Here the difference in amplitude between the ground and maximum levels of the square wave has been measured and is shown in the trace label.
  • Page 61 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: Note: In Relative Amplitude Mode, two bars, the reference and difference cursors, are controlled to give readings between the two in amplitude. In this example, the reference cursor, moved by turning the upper knob corresponding to the “Reference cursor”...
  • Page 62 0HDVXULQJ ZLWK &XUVRUV The screen will then display: Note: Time cursors are markers moved to any point along the trace and can be used to measure time and amplitude. The reference point (t=0) is the trigger point indicated by the vertical arrow on the grid base.
  • Page 63 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will then display: The value measured between the trigger point and the Absolute Time cursor is shown as the “Time” value directly beneath the grid. The (highlighted) cursor in this example has been moved to the falling edge of the square wave.
  • Page 64 0HDVXULQJ ZLWK &XUVRUV The screen will display: Note: In Relative Time Mode the cursors are a pair of arrows that move along the waveform. In this example, the Reference and Difference cursors — upward- and downward- pointing arrows — are shown highlighted together at the rising edge of the square wave.
  • Page 65 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV On the next screen the Relative Time cursors have been moved to illustrate how they work: Note: Here and in the previous screen example, the Relative Time Reference and Difference cursors are used to measure the period and frequency of the oscillations on the square wave, with the result displayed beneath the grid.
  • Page 66 0HDVXULQJ ZLWK &XUVRUV 5HI” has been selected, In this tutorial’s final screen, “'LII displaying the amplitude values for each cursor: Note: The absolute amplitude values of the Reference and Difference cursors are shown in the trace label respectively. ²...

  • Page 67: 8Vlqj $Yhudjh Wr 5Hpryh 1Rlvh

    0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 8VLQJ $YHUDJH WR 5HPRYH 1RLVH “Average” is one of the scope’s important and powerful Math functions. Use it to reduce non- systematic noise and improve the signal–to–noise ratio. Here’s how. $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS Connect the signal to be measured — a 33 kHz, 1.0 V (peak-to- peak) square wave with noise —...
  • Page 68 5HPRYLQJ 1RLVH ZLWK $YHUDJH The screen will display: 67(3  Press 67(3  Press the corresponding menu to select “'XDO” from the “Grids” menu. ²...
  • Page 69 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will now display: 67(3  Press 67(3  to select “REDEFINE $”. Press the corresponding menu Press the corresponding menu to select “<HV” from the 67(3  “use Math?” menu. ²...
  • Page 70 5HPRYLQJ 1RLVH ZLWK $YHUDJH 67(3  Press the corresponding menu to select “$YHUDJH” from the “Math Type” menu. 67(3  Now, press to turn on Trace A. The screen will display: Note: A choice of types of acquired signal averaging is available on the “Avg Type”...
  • Page 71 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The last screen shows the final result of the averaging of 1000 acquisitions. Non-systematic noise has been greatly reduced, as can be seen from a comparison of a single CH 2 acquisition with the 1000-acquisition averaged result on Trace A. Note: With Trace A on, the sweep counter in the Trace A label at...

  • Page 72: 9Lhzlqj Zlwk $Qdorj 3Huvlvwhqfh

    $QDORJ 3HUVLVWHQFH ' 9LHZLQJ ZLWK $QDORJ 3HUVLVWHQFH Using persistence accumulate on-screen points from numerous acquisitions makes it easier to view signal changes over time. But Analog Persistence™, with intensity grading, makes this even easier by signifying the most frequent signal path ‘three-dimensionally’. Here’s how to use this unique feature to reveal the AM modulation of a sinewave.
  • Page 73 Note: The AM modulation signal has a stable trigger. However, in the final periods the signal shows a number of jumps. Without LeCroy’s unique Analog Persistence feature, it’s not easy to characterize these modulation variations in the normal display mode.
  • Page 74 $QDORJ 3HUVLVWHQFH The screen will then display: 67(3  Press ²...
  • Page 75 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: Note: Modulation time variations appear clearly in Persistence Mode. Because its source is a squarewave signal, the modulation shown here has different states. The number of acquisitions included in the display (up to one million) is shown beneath the trace label.
  • Page 76 $QDORJ 3HUVLVWHQFH The screen will then display: Note: The “Persist” menu offers the means to apply persistence to all displayed traces, or merely the top two, when more than one trace is displayed. Information on each trace will be shown in its respective trace label at left of screen.
  • Page 77 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Then turn the lower ‘menu’ to adjust the value of the saturation to 10 %. The screen will display: Note: The image displayed shows the changes in the sample event over time. Statistical integrity is preserved because the decay is proportional to the persistence population for each amplitude...
  • Page 78 $QDORJ 3HUVLVWHQFH 67(3  Press the corresponding menu to select “2II” from the “Last Trace (show)” menu. The screen will display: Note: By default, the most recent sweep is shown as a bright vector trace on top of the persistence display. This menu allows to show or not the last trace on top of the persistence.
  • Page 79 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV to select “&RORU *UDGHG” 67(3  Press the corresponding from the “Using” menu. The screen now displays: Note: Instead of the brightness of a single color as used by the Analog Persistence feature, Color Graded Persistence uses a color spectrum from red through violet to map signal intensity, as shown in this example...

  • Page 80: Roruv Wkdw /Lqn Dqg 'Lvwlqjxlvk

    &RORU $VVRFLDWLRQ &RORUV WKDW /LQN DQG 'LVWLQJXLVK The scope’s powerful and intelligent use of color strongly links displayed waveforms and their data. This color association simplifies the viewing of information — especially in analysis of related signals signal parts. Here’s color association handles multiple long-waveform zooms ( see also Calculating on Long Waveforms).
  • Page 81 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Press again. 67(3  Press to stop the acquisition. Then to access the “TIMEBASE” menus. Shown at the top of the TIMEBASE menus on the following screen is the number of points acquired — 50 000 samples in this example. At the same time, the “Record up to”...
  • Page 82 Particular advantages include: — greater waveform detail — high zoom factor — protection against aliasing — improved time resolution — wider frequency spectrum. (See LeCroy’s Application Note ITI 008 for details). ²...
  • Page 83 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The following steps directly illustrate the extreme practicality of the color association system, as different parts of an acquired signal are simultaneously expanded and viewed. 67(3  Press to make appear the “DISPLAY SETUP” group of menus. Then to select “4XDG”...
  • Page 84 &RORU $VVRFLDWLRQ 67(3  for “REDEFINE $”. Press the corresponding menu Next, turn the lower menu to select “”. Then press to turn on Trace A. The screen will display: Note: After Step 8 has been taken, Trace A will be displayed as the zoom (“use Math?”...
  • Page 85 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will then display a 10x zoom of CH 2 that indicates a zone of interest: Note: The selected section is shown on the original trace as reinforced video. The RESET button cancels all the zoom changes and redisplays the original trace.
  • Page 86 &RORU $VVRFLDWLRQ The screen will display: 67(3  Then to display the four grids in Full Screen mode without menus. ²...
  • Page 87 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: 7LSV : As shown on the next screen, each of the four grids can be shown with its own trace and parameters — up to five at once — simultaneously. ²...
  • Page 88 &RORU $VVRFLDWLRQ 67(3  Press And then the to select “More Display Setup” from “DISPLAY SETUP”. 67(3  Next, press the to select one of the pre-set numbered color schemes from “Color Scheme”. ²...
  • Page 89 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV In this example, “Color Scheme” “” has been selected: 67(3  Now, press the to select “8” from “Color Scheme”. This allows the creation of a custom color palette. 7LSV Copy preset schemes to user palettes. These can then act as references and form the bases for choosing object colors in new customized color schemes.
  • Page 90 &RORU $VVRFLDWLRQ The screen will display: 67(3  Now, press the for “CHANGE COLORS”, and then for “COPY SCHEME 1 to U1”. The colors assigned to the objects in “U1” will now be the same as those of the pre-set “1”. ²...
  • Page 91 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Next, press a to select an object for color change. Here, Trace B is selected. And then a to select the color of the object selected. “Grass Green” has been selected to replace “Pale Blue” in the following example.
  • Page 92 &RORU $VVRFLDWLRQ The screen will display: Note: See the Operator’s Manual for a description of the displayed objects whose colors can be modified. And in the final screen on the next page, “Text & Menu” has been selected and colored “Yellow”. ²...
  • Page 93 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV ²...

  • Page 94: Xwwlqj 'Hdgwlph %Hwzhhq

    &XWWLQJ 'HDGWLPH &XWWLQJ 'HDGWLPH %HWZHHQ (YHQWV Sequence mode goes beyond single-shot acquisition, offering a choice of fixed-size, complete-waveform segments without unwanted deadtime (see Appendix A in the 2SHUDWRU·V 0DQXDO for the limits). The long intervals of deadtime that often separate consecutive single-shot events are minimized in sequence mode.
  • Page 95 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV This schema represents how Sequence Mode handles sequence acquisition. The display is activated pressing SHOW STATUS and selecting “Text & Times” from the menu that appears. 67(3  Reset: press , the top simultaneously. Then press to turn off Trace 1, and display: 67(3  Press , then the corresponding...
  • Page 96 &XWWLQJ 'HDGWLPH The screen will display: Note: This screen shows only one of 12 train pulses. 67(3  Again turn to adjust the timebase, this time to display all of the train’s pulses. 67(3  Now press ²...
  • Page 97 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will now display: Note: The “TIMEBASE” information shown at top- right-of-screen, consists of, in this example: Timebase value — 2 m s/div; Number of samples acquired — 10 000; Sampling rate — 500 MS/s; Time between samples — 2 ns/point;...
  • Page 98 &XWWLQJ 'HDGWLPH The screen will then display: Note: As shown at top-right- of-screen, the sampling rate has decreased as the total window time acquisition has increased. Between two trains, a long ground-level signal of no interest has been acquired. Sequence Mode, activated at the next step, is the best way of acquiring the zone of interest only.
  • Page 99 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV Now in Sequence Mode proper, the screen displays: Note: The number of trains acquired is now four, with the same sampling rate as for two. The sole difference is that now the duration between two train pulses is half what it was.
  • Page 100 &XWWLQJ 'HDGWLPH Here, the Sequence Mode timebase of 2 m s/div has been selected (corresponding to a single train duration, as already covered at Step 5). The sampling rate is the maximum, and the two trains are captured with a very short delay between triggers.
  • Page 101 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV Note: The complete waveform with all its segments may not fill the screen entirely. 67(3  Press Then (twice) press the corresponding menu to select 7LPHV” from the “STATUS” menu. “7H[W ²...
  • Page 102 &XWWLQJ 'HDGWLPH Finally, the screen will display: Time measurements are made between events on different segments of a sequence waveform using the full precision of the acquisition timebase. Trigger time stamps are given for each segment. 7LSV : Each segment can be displayed using ZOOM, or used as input to the MATH package.
  • Page 103 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV Sequence mode is normally used for acquiring the desired number of segments and for terminating the waveform acquisition. However, It can also be used with the WRAP option to acquire the segments continuously, overwriting older segments as required. A manual STOP order or time- out condition can then be used to terminate the acquisition.

  • Page 104: 7Kh 6Frsh Dv 6Shfwuxp $Qdo\]Hu

    6SHFWUXP $QDO\VLV 7KH 6FRSH DV 6SHFWUXP $QDO\]HU (Fast Fourier Transform) package transforms your oscilloscope into a spectrum analyzer for frequency domain analysis. Showing the signal in the frequency domain, it eliminates need another, separate instrument. Explained here is how to measure signal power distribution as a function of frequency.
  • Page 105 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Press 67(3  Press the corresponding menu to select “'XDO” from the “Grids” menu. ²...
  • Page 106 6SHFWUXP $QDO\VLV The screen will then display: 67(3  Press to select “REDEFINE $”. 67(3  Press the corresponding 67(3  Next, press the to select “<HV” from the “use Math?” menu. ²...
  • Page 107 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Then press the to select “FFT” from the “Math Type” menu. 67(3  Now press to turn on TRACE A. The screen will now display: Note: Several different types of FFT results, windows and sources can be selected from the “FFT result”...
  • Page 108 6SHFWUXP $QDO\VLV 67(3  Turn to move the trace to the right of the screen and zoom the lower frequencies. The screen will then display: 67(3  Turn to obtain details of the lower frequencies. ²...
  • Page 109 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will then display: Note: The scale in the “Trace A” trace label at left-of-screen changes when zooming. Here, the dual frequencies are 1 kHz and 3 kHz. 7LSV : The frequency span can be made greater by increasing the number of points acquired.
  • Page 110 6SHFWUXP $QDO\VLV Note: Rather than zoom the FFT directly, it is possible to zoom on a copy of the FFT on Trace B (as is shown here), C or D. (From top) Squarewave signal, FFT and FFT zoom on Trace C. ²...

  • Page 111: 3Uhflvlrq $Qdo\Vlv Zlwk +Lvwrjudpv

    6RIWZDUH 5HTXLUHG WP03 parameter-distribution-analysis firmware with histogram for LeCroy oscilloscopes. $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS Connect the signal to be measured — which should show edge jitter — to CH 2. 67(3 ...
  • Page 112 $QDO\VLV ZLWK +LVWRJUDPV 67(3  Press , then the corresponding to select from the “Coupling” menu the coupling matching the source’s impedance — 50 Ω. 67(3  Press again. 67(3  Turn to select a single period of the signal. The screen will display: ²...
  • Page 113 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 7LSV : Persistence Mode can be used to show the width variation, or jitter, of the acquired signal. By pressing DISPLAY and then the menu button to select “2Q” from the “Persistence” menu, the signal can be displayed with edge jitter in persistence mode, as shown here.
  • Page 114 $QDO\VLV ZLWK +LVWRJUDPV The screen will now display: Note: The Average function in the “Math Type” menu is selected by default. All functions that can be set up with standard and optional software where installed are shown in this menu. Press the corresponding to select “+LVWRJUDP”...
  • Page 115 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: Note: The Histogram function records the selected parameter values and presents data in a statistical form. It produces a waveform consisting of one point for each histogram bin, where the value of each point is equal to the number of parameter values falling into the corresponding bin.
  • Page 116 $QDO\VLV ZLWK +LVWRJUDPV The screen will now display: 67(3  Press the corresponding menu for “PARAMETER SETUP”. ²...
  • Page 117 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: Note: The software installed in the oscilloscope determines which sets of parameter categories are available from the “Category” menu. Categorizing the parameters simplifies their selection. For example, those parameters useful for characterizing histograms are grouped under “Statistics”...
  • Page 118 $QDO\VLV ZLWK +LVWRJUDPV Note: A short definition of each parameter selected is displayed under the grid.(See the Operator’s Manual for more details.) 7LSV : Press the menu button for “DELETE ALL TESTS” if preliminary parameters have been set up in a previous acquisition, to ensure the newly chosen parameters form the required set.
  • Page 119 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: 67(3  Press to go back to the preceding menu, allowing the histogram to be set up. Then press the for “FIND CENTER AND WIDTH”. As shown on the next screen, the horizontal axis is set to a new scale, accurately showing the distribution.
  • Page 120 $QDO\VLV ZLWK +LVWRJUDPV Note: The trace label shows the horizontal scale — here, 5 ns/div, which corresponds to the width values. It also displays the vertical scale — #10/bin, corresponding to the number of acquisitions for the same width value. As well, it shows the percentage of width values off-screen left and right;...
  • Page 121 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV This screen shows a histogram whose horizontal and vertical display parameters have been adjusted. Turning the upper ‘menu’ knob will change the number of bins that classify the different parameter values. When this number is changed, the new horizontal scale is adjusted and displayed in the trace label, as shown on the facing page.
  • Page 122 $QDO\VLV ZLWK +LVWRJUDPV This screen shows the histogram after bin-number adjustment: 7LSV : As many as two billion measurements can be included in a parameter histogram display. This limit is set by pressing the RETURN button in order to go back to the “ SETUP OF $” menus.
  • Page 123 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The final steps in this tutorial describe how to select parameters that characterize the histogram. Many statistical measurements can be made on the histogram for analysis of the characteristics of selected parameters — including the highest value, standard deviation, and the most common value of the histogram.
  • Page 124 $QDO\VLV ZLWK +LVWRJUDPV 67(3  Press corresponding “CHANGE PARAMETERS. The screen will display: Note: The Custom Parameter mode allows up to five parameters to be selected. The width parameter, set earlier in the “Histogram” menu (Step 6), must be retained on line “  ” in the “On line”...
  • Page 125 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: Note: Step 14 may be repeated, adding four additional parameters for characterizing the histogram. A description of each of these parameters is given on-screen under the grid in accordance with the parameter selected. The final screens in this tutorial, which follow, show four different parameters characterizing the histogram of the width .
  • Page 126 $QDO\VLV ZLWK +LVWRJUDPV 7LSV : All the parameter values can be read on PC with the optional remote control using the PAVA? query. Statistics “2Q” can be performed for all parameters. As shown on the final screen, four different values are displayed for each parameter.
  • Page 127 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV ²...

  • Page 128: Qwhusrodwlrq 0Ruh ,Qirupdwlrq

    ,QWHUSRODWLRQ ,QWHUSRODWLRQ 0RUH ,QIRUPDWLRQ The Sin(x)/x interpolation — a standard feature of LeCroy oscilloscopes — powerfully processes data acquisitions of a few sample points. It places nine interpolated sample points between each original data sample. This preserves the identity of the original raw data, allowing differentiation of raw from interpolated data points.
  • Page 129 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Press , then the corresponding to select from the “Coupling” menu the coupling matching the source’s impedance — 50 Ω. 67(3  Press again. The screen will display: 7LSV : The 100 MHz sinewave is sampled at a rate of 500 MS/s. Thus each signal period has just five points —...
  • Page 130 ,QWHUSRODWLRQ 67(3  Now, press 7LSV With the “DISPLAY SETUP” menus, one can show only the dots representing those points acquired. This is done by pressing the menu button to select 2II from the “Dot Join” menu, as shown here. The number of points acquired, the time between the points, and the sampling rate of the acquisition are displayed when the TIMEBASE SETUP button is pressed.
  • Page 131 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV Points can be made larger and more visible — bolder — by pressing “More Display Setup” and selecting %ROG from the “Data Points” menu. The result is seen here: ²...
  • Page 132 ,QWHUSRODWLRQ 67(3  Press to select “REDEFINE $”. Then press The screen will display: 67(3  Press the respective s to select “<HV” in the “use Math?” menu, and “)XQFWLRQV” from the “Math Type” menu, which will appear ( see page 3–95 for menu details ). 67(3  Then press the s to select “6LQ;”...
  • Page 133 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will now display: Note: With the Sin(x)/x interpolation selected, a label appears under the grid giving information on the function. Here, the interpolation will generate 500 points from the 50 of the original trace. The sampling rate is 500 MS/s and the Nyquist Frequency limit 250 MHz.
  • Page 134 ,QWHUSRODWLRQ On the previous screen, CH 2 is in the second position. The next trace selected for display will be in the first position and both traces in the upper grid. To display CH 2 and Trace A each on a different grid, CH 2’s trace label must be placed in the first position —...
  • Page 135 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: 7LSV : The Sin(x)/x function is limited to 5000-point traces — a limit justified by the fact that an interpolation is designed to be performed on traces of only a few points. In addition, this limit avoids increasing the time taken for the calculation.
  • Page 136 ,QWHUSRODWLRQ Note: Details of Trace A can be displayed using the vertical and the horizontal position and zoom knobs. In the final screen shown here, the timebase of A has been changed to show a detailed period of the signal on CH 2. There are 50 points per period on the interpolation of A, giving a better...

  • Page 137: 7Hvwlqj $Jdlqvw D 7Hohfrp 0Dvn

    LeCroy’s software. The computed Pass/Fail function offers greater accuracy with ease in repeating measurements. Another plus: when a test fails, a TTL pulse output — just one example — can be used to drive a separate test device, eliminating the need for expensive production-testing software.
  • Page 138 7HOHFRP 0DVN 7HVWLQJ 5HTXLUHG TC1 Telecom Masks option from LeCroy on floppy or memory card. $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS Connect the signal to be measured — and tested against the telecom mask — to CH 2. 67(3  , the top Reset: press simultaneously.
  • Page 139 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: 67(3  Press the corresponding menu for “(RE-) READ DRIVE”. Then turn the upper to select the desired mask — &&,77 *). Next, press the corresponding menu for “DO RECALL”. ²...
  • Page 140 7HOHFRP 0DVN 7HVWLQJ The screen will then display: Note: The message “G703F22 recalled from floppy” will be displayed at top-of-screen. The mask is now stored in the volatile internal memory M1, as indicated in the “to” menu. 67(3  Press to display the recalled mask.
  • Page 141 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: Note: A maximum number of points can be selected in the “for Math use” menu by turning the lower menu knob in the SYSTEM SETUP group of controls. This can be for limiting the calculation or the amount of processing memory used or both.
  • Page 142 7HOHFRP 0DVN 7HVWLQJ The screen will then display: Note: The following important information on the mask is given in the trace label... Horizontal: timebase is 1 ns/div. — the test will be performed only if the trace to be tested against the mask has the same timebase as the mask;...
  • Page 143 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV This screen displays the vertical unit of the mask: 67(3  Turn to obtain the same timebase for both trace and mask and match one to the other. Turn to position the trace so that its mean-top and 67(3  mean-base values correspond to those of the mask.
  • Page 144 7HOHFRP 0DVN 7HVWLQJ Later, if you had a weak signal the screen might display: 67(3  Now, press to do the test. Then press the to select “3DUDPHWHUV”. 67(3  Press the to select “3DVV”. This enables the test against masks or a parameter value to be made.
  • Page 145 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will then display: Note: The test status is shown on the first line under the grid. The number of acquisitions that passed the test and the total number tested are given. In this example, 40 of 61 acquisitions passed the test.
  • Page 146 7HOHFRP 0DVN 7HVWLQJ The screen will display: Note: The test description appears on the first line. At this stage, the test is specified as: “Pass” if all the CH 1 trace points are inside the mask stored in Trace D. 67(3  Press the s to select “”...
  • Page 147 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will now display: Note: To reset the test, press the CLEAR SWEEPS button. Several conditions can be specified in testing by pressing the appropriate menu buttons — “all points” or “some points” may be selected from the “True if”...
  • Page 148 7HOHFRP 0DVN 7HVWLQJ The final screens in this tutorial display selections from the “CHANGE TEST” “$FWLRQ” menus. Note: To carry out one or more of these actions, make a selection from the “If” menu — to set whether the action or actions are to be carried out in the case of a Pass or a Fail —...
  • Page 149 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV Note: With “ 6WRUH <HV ” selected, if the test is a Pass then Trace 2 will be stored to floppy. ²...

  • Page 150: 6Wrulqj Wr 5Hprydeoh +Dug 'Lvn

    Used together with the LC’s Auto-Store function, it stores automatically after each acquisition. +DUGZDUH 5HTXLUHG HD01 Type III Hard Disk Adapter option (available for all LeCroy oscilloscopes). $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS Connect the waveform to be stored on CH 2.
  • Page 151 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Press to complete the acquisition to be stored on the hard disk drive. The screen will display: 67(3  Now press ²...
  • Page 152 3& &DUG +DUG 'LVN 'ULYH +'' The screen will now display: Note: The trace stored is generally CH 1 by default, along with target M1, a volatile internal memory. Depending on which mass-storage option or options are installed in the scope, the final box in the on- screen menu column will list a variety of waveform storage...
  • Page 153 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will then display: Note: When “HDD” is selected, a variety of new menu items appear. They are: the total size of the inserted PC Card hard disk drive — in this case, 128 511 kB; the amount of space free on the hard disk drive —...
  • Page 154 3& &DUG +DUG 'LVN 'ULYH +'' $XWR6WRUH When Auto-Store selected, waveform stored automatically after each acquisition. Two varieties of Auto-Store are available: “Fill”, which stores the acquired waveform until the storage medium (PC Card hard disk drive, floppy or memory card) is completely full;...

  • Page 155: Dofxodwlqj Rq /Rqj :Dyhirupv

    FFTs as well as multiple long-waveform zoom, math and storage. +DUGZDUH 5HTXLUHG A LeCroy color digital oscilloscope with 64 MB of memory, fitted either as standard or as an option, depending on the model. $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS Connect the signal to be measured to CH 2 and adjust the timebase to give a waveform of one million points.
  • Page 156 /RQJ :DYHIRUPV 67(3  Reset: press simultaneously. Then press to turn off Trace 1. 67(3  Press , then the corresponding to select from the “Coupling” menu the coupling matching the source’s impedance — 50 Ω. 67(3  Press again. 67(3  Press to stop the acquisition.
  • Page 157 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Turn the lower ‘menu’ so that the “Record up to” number of samples is set to at least “1M” points — for this example it is set to “2M”. Turn in order to slow down the timebase, and obtain more time per division, until the number of acquired points displayed is the same as in this example —...
  • Page 158 — high zoom factor — protection against aliasing — improved time resolution — wider frequency spectrum. (See the LeCroy Application Note ITI 008 for details). 67(3  The next step illustrates just how practical is 64 MB memory processing — zooms or functions can be acquired on all two million points of the trace acquired in the preceding steps.
  • Page 159 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: Note: Functions or zooms can be selected on any channel or trace. The scope allows display of four different traces in as many grids, while preserving eight-bit resolution. The grid now has only eight divisions because the capture of two million points with a sampling rate of 500 MS/s...
  • Page 160 /RQJ :DYHIRUPV The screen will then display: Note: The limit in the number of points must be equal to or higher than the actual number set in order to ensure performance of the function on all acquired points. This limit applies to all set functions or zooms, of which some may be set to reduce the number of...
  • Page 161 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: Note: With Step 8 Trace A will be displayed as the zoom (“use Math?” “ 1R ”) of CH 2, indicated with the bottom menu in the “SETUP OF $ ” menu column. ,and to select 67(3  the original signal selection, the timebase (horizontal zoom)
  • Page 162 /RQJ :DYHIRUPV The screen will then display a zoom (100 times) of CH 2 that indicates a zone of interest, as shown here: Note: The selected section is shown on the original trace as reinforced video. The RESET button cancels all the zoom changes and redisplays the original trace 7LSV : To check how much memory is being used and how...
  • Page 163 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Press Then press the for “REDEFINE B”. Next, press the to select “<HV” from the “use Math?” menu. And turn the lower to select CH 2, on which the trace is acquired. ²...
  • Page 164 /RQJ :DYHIRUPV The screen will now display Note: A variety of selections can be made from the “Math Type” menu, including: Standard — summed averaging up to 1000 sweeps, arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide, negate, identity), and the (sin (x)/x) interpolation function; WP01 —...
  • Page 165 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: Note: On long traces, it can take several minutes to calculate the data of functions such as FFT. The information “ % :Math” is displayed at the base of the screen while the scope is calculating the function that is to be displayed and stored in the memory.
  • Page 166 /RQJ :DYHIRUPV 7LSV : Four traces can be displayed simultaneously, as shown on the screen below. The original signal need not be displayed for calculations to be performed on it. And four functions can be performed on either of the originally acquired traces at the same time.
  • Page 167 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV Note: In this final example, four functions performed on CH 2 are displayed. However, CH 2 itself is not displayed. The “Memory Used” display details the processing memory used in performing all the calculations. ²...

  • Page 168: 60$57 *Olwfk&Dswxulqj

    &DSWXULQJ *OLWFKHV 60$57 *OLWFK&DSWXULQJ Finding and capturing elusive glitches — faster- than-normal transitions or shorter-than-normal pulses in a signal — is simple with the Glitch SMART trigger. Signal source, coupling, level, width and pulse can be specified for the glitch search.
  • Page 169 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Press again, then The screen will display: This screen shows a normal 500 kHz sinewave. Observing the signal during several acquisitions would reveal the occasional glitch. The goal of this measurement is to catch this event by setting a trigger adapted to it.
  • Page 170 &DSWXULQJ *OLWFKHV The screen will then display: Note: “ (GJH ” — for Edge Trigger — is selected by default. This trigger is described by source and coupling (see following list), as well as slope and level condition — the same parameters used to build up the SMART Trigger.
  • Page 171 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV &RXSOLQJ Coupling refers to the type of signal coupling at the input to the trigger circuit. The trigger coupling can be selected independently from the following options: À DC: All the signal’s frequency components are coupled to the trigger circuit for high-frequency bursts or where the use of AC coupling would shift the effective trigger level.
  • Page 172 &DSWXULQJ *OLWFKHV Note: The Glitch SMART Trigger is the particular variety selected by default. It will be used here, but pressing the menu button for “SETUP SMART TRIGGER” will show the other types of SMART Trigger available. Source and coupling were set in the preceding steps.
  • Page 173 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Press the corresponding menu to select “2Q” from the “width<” menu. Then turn the upper to adjust the value in that menu to 800 ns. The screen will display: Note: “width<” can be also used in combination with “width>”. The two width limits are combined to select glitches within a window,...
  • Page 174 &DSWXULQJ *OLWFKHV The screen will display: Note: As shown on the screen this page, the scope always triggers on the glitch that affects the sinewave. 7LSV In order to be sure the scope captures the glitch, the trigger level has to be matched to the level at which the glitch appears.
  • Page 175 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV ²...

  • Page 176: Dswxulqj 5Duh 3Khqrphqd

    5DUH 3KHQRPHQD &DSWXULQJ 5DUH 3KHQRPHQD LeCroy’s SMART Trigger types are good at capturing rare phenomena ( see the 2SHUDWRU·V 0DQXDO). The Exclusion Trigger does this by triggering on all events different from the expected waveform — such as glitches and intermittent out-of-tolerance waveforms.
  • Page 177 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Press again to display: 67(3  Press and then ²...
  • Page 178 5DUH 3KHQRPHQD The screen will now display: Note: “ (GJH ” — for Edge Trigger — is selected by default. This trigger is described by source and coupling, as well as slope, and level condition: the same parameters used to build up the SMART Trigger.
  • Page 179 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will then display: Note: The Glitch SMART Trigger is the trigger selected by default. It will be used here, but pressing the menu button for “SETUP SMART TRIGGER” will show the other types available. Both the Glitch and Interval Triggers include minimum and maximum timing limits, normally used to trigger...
  • Page 180 5DUH 3KHQRPHQD The screen will now display: 67(3  Next, press the corresponding menu to select “2Q” from the “width >” menu. And turn the lower menu to set this value to 52.5 ns. ²...
  • Page 181 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will then display: Note how the icon describing the current trigger setup, shown under the grid, is updated. Turn to set the trigger point close to mid-screen. 67(3  Then press to activate the trigger. ²...
  • Page 182 5DUH 3KHQRPHQD The screen will display: 7LSV : Persistence Mode can be used to show a history of the exceptional pulse acquisitions, set by pressing DISPLAY and then the menu button to select “ 2Q” from the “ Persistence” menu — as shown on the next screen (see also 3-D Viewing with Persistence , page 3–31).
  • Page 183 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 7LSV : A further enhancement is obtained by combining the Exclusion Trigger with built-in Pass/Fail testing. The trigger speeds the acquisition of exceptional pulses, while the mask testing verifies the waveshape. Storing the waveform or printing the screen display can individually document each exceptional pulse.
  • Page 184 5DUH 3KHQRPHQD Waveform parameter statistics displayed under the grid provide additional information about the key waveform parameters for these exceptional pulses — as shown on the final screen, below. For instance, the parameter “width” shows the pulse width varying from 6.5 ns to 75.0 ns. Using this new information, the trigger setup can be changed to concentrate on acquiring pulses with specific characteristics.

  • Page 185: 7Uljjhulqj Rq /Rvw 6Ljqdov

    0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 7ULJJHULQJ RQ /RVW 6LJQDOV Another SMART function of LeCroy oscilloscopes is the Dropout Trigger. This trigger event is generated to make an acquisition whenever a signal becomes inactive for a selected time at the end of the timeout period, following the final trigger-source transition.
  • Page 186 /RVW 6LJQDOV 'URSRXW 7ULJJHU 67(3  Press again to display: Note: This screen shows the 1 kHz repetitive squarewave before the signal disappears. The following steps set the trigger to capture only the ‘last normal’ period of the signal and transient signal. 67(3  Press ²...
  • Page 187 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will then display: Note: “ (GJH ” — for Edge Trigger — is selected by default. This trigger is described by source and coupling, as well as slope, and level condition — the same parameters used to build up the SMART Trigger.
  • Page 188 /RVW 6LJQDOV 'URSRXW 7ULJJHU The screen will display: Note: The Dropout Trigger is used essentially for single-shot applications — usually with a pre-trigger delay. By default, the timeout is 25 ns. 67(3  Press to activate the trigger. 7LSV : The Dropout Trigger must be set (in descending order) on the SMART TRIGGER menus as follows: Trigger after timeout, if NO edge within (timeout)
  • Page 189 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 67(3  Turn the upper ‘menu’ to set the timeout. For this example, the timeout must be greater than 1 ms. Now turn to set the trigger point to just left of mid- screen and allow the display of the signal’s ‘last normal’ period.
  • Page 190 /RVW 6LJQDOV 'URSRXW 7ULJJHU Once the signal has disappeared, the acquisition is performed. The last screen displays the ‘last normal’ period and the transient signal. ²...

  • Page 191: 7Udqvihuulqj 'Dwd Wr 3

    The scope stores data in LeCroy’s binary format, conversion of which to ASCII creates an output file requiring 10–20 times the disk space of the original LeCroy binary file. A one-megabyte record will typically take up 13–15 MB stored in ASCII. And waveforms stored in ASCII cannot then be recalled back into the scope.
  • Page 192 +DUGZDUH 5HTXLUHG PC equipped with GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) card. 6RIWZDUH 5HTXLUHG gtalk.exe and gt.bat software — free from LeCroy ( Contact your nearest sales office ). $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS Connect the signal to be acquired to CH 1.
  • Page 193 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV The screen will display: Note: The scope’s address GPIB must be “4”. This allows remote control by GPIB commands (see the Remote Control Manual) . : Auto-read (Alt D) must also be disabled in GTALK. :Now, with the acquisition performed... Type in the command “gt”...
  • Page 194 'DWD WR 3& 67(3  :Type in the command “C1:WF?” ( for the complete list of WAVEFORM command descriptions, see the 5HPRWH &RQWURO 0DQXDO). 67(3  :Press Alt F to select the output linking the PC to the scope. 67(3  :Give the output file a name.
  • Page 195 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 7UDQVIHU WR )ORSS\ 67(3  Press to store data in a source file (format: Name.000 or .001 or .002 — given by the oscilloscope). Press the to select “)OS\” from the “to” menu and 67(3  display: Note: A message will appear at the top of the scope screen announcing the successful storage of the data and giving...
  • Page 196 'DWD WR 3& 7UDQVIHU E\ 56 +DUGZDUH 5HTXLUHG PC with RS232 communication port. 6RIWZDUH 5HTXLUHG LCRS232.exe — free from LeCroy ( Contact your nearest sales office ). $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS Connect the signal to be acquired to CH 1. Press then press the respective s for “GPIB/RS232 Setup”...
  • Page 197 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV :Type “LCRS232.exe” in response to the DOS prompt to run 67(3  the program LCRS232. This program allows remote control of the oscilloscope by typing in commands (see Remote Control Manual for the full command list) in response to prompts such as “Your Choice :”. 67(3  :Type in “Your Choice : S”...
  • Page 198 67(3  :7LSV : Help for Wavetran is available by typing “Wavetran”. Conversion of data from the LeCroy binary format to ASCII format creates an output file that requires 10–20 times the disk space of the original LeCroy binary file. A one-megabyte record will typically take up 13–15 MB when stored in ASCII.

  • Page 199: 7Udqvihuulqj ,Pdjhv Wr 3

    TIFF, condensed TIFF or BMP images, by means of GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus), floppy or RS232 communication port. 7UDQVIHU E\ *3,% +DUGZDUH 5HTXLUHG Personal computer equipped with GPIB card. 6RIWZDUH 5HTXLUHG gtalk.exe and gt.bat software — free from LeCroy. ²...
  • Page 200 ,PDJHV WR 3& $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS The screen to be saved having already been set up... Press Then press the corresponding s: first, for “Hardcopy Setup”; second, to select “*3,%” from the “output to” menu; and third, to select from “TIFF”, “TIFF compr.” (compressed TIFF) and “BMP”...
  • Page 201 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV Then — as described in the directions for data transfer in the previous chapter... Press the s for “GPIB/RS232 Setup”, and to select “*3,%”, if not already selected (normally by default), from the “Remote” menu. The screen will display: Note: The scope’s address GPIB must be “4”.
  • Page 202 ,PDJHV WR 3& 67(3  :Press Alt L to control the scope in Local Mode, which allows a screen dump with a selected menu, but without the message “Go to Local”. 67(3  :Type the command “SCDP” 67(3  :Press Alt F to select the output linking the PC to the scope. 67(3  :Give a name to the screen dump file.
  • Page 203 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 7UDQVIHU WR )ORSS\ $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS The screen to be saved having already been set up... Press , then the corresponding s: first, for “Hardcopy Setup”; second, to select “)OS\” from the “output to” menu; and third, to select a file format — “7,))”, “7,)) FRPSU”...
  • Page 204 ,PDJHV WR 3& 7UDQVIHU WR )ORSS\ FRQW Once the screen image to be transferred is ready... 67(3  Press to store data in a source file on the floppy (format: Name.000 or .001 or .002, given by the oscilloscope). 67(3  Eject the floppy from the scope and place it in the PC.
  • Page 205 0HDVXULQJ 6NLOOV 7UDQVIHU E\ 56 +DUGZDUH 5HTXLUHG PC with RS232 communication port. 6RIWZDUH 5HTXLUHG LCRS232.exe — free from LeCroy ( Contact your nearest sales office ). $SSOLFDWLRQ 6HWXS Capture signal for transfer on CH 1. Press , then the s: first, for “Hardcopy Setup”;...
  • Page 206 ,PDJHV WR 3& :Type “LCRS232.exe” in response to the DOS prompt to run 67(3  the program LCRS232. This program allows remote control of the oscilloscope by typing in commands (see Remote Control Manual for the full command list) in response to prompts such as “Comment :”. Note: Check the scope’s RS232 setup and connections (see Remote Control Manual),...
  • Page 207 )LUVW+DQG ([SHULHQFH Having completed the guide, you will be well-briefed in the efficient operation of your oscilloscope. And this first-hand experience should make all your measurements easier. The guide can continue to serve as a practical reference to turn to as required. Use it together with the accompanying Operator’s Manual , keeping both close at hand.
  • Page 208 ,QGH[ channel input sensitivity adjusting, 3–7 absolute amplitude CLEAR SWEEPS button, mode, 3–18 3–15, 3–29 absolute time mode, 3–20 for setting or clearing acquisition memory system, persistence, 3–35 1–2 Color, 3–39 ADC. See analog-to-digital choosing color schemes, converter 3–47, 3–48 aliasing.
  • Page 209 ,QGH[ FFT, 1–9, 2–20, 2–21. See Fast Fourier Transform data transfer, 1–4 first steps common to most data to PC, 3–150–3–157 measurements, 3–1–3–5 images (TIFFs, BMPs) to Floppy disk, 3–162 PC, 3–158–3–165 Floppy disk, 3–154 deadtime frequency domain analysis, reducing it using sequence 1–9, 3–63–3–69 mode, 3–53–3–62 frequency resolution...
  • Page 210 menu box, 2–5, 2–10, 2–17 menus hard disk drive 'Action', 3–107 removable, 3–109–3–113 'at end of', 3–138 HDD. See hard disk drive 'Auto-Store', 3–113 histograms, 1–9, 3–75–3–86 'Avg Type', 2–19 'Avg Type' (averaging type), 3–29 'Category', 3–76, 3–83 initialization, 2–4 'CHANGE COLORS', 3–49 installation, 2–4 'Change Test', 3–107...
  • Page 211 ,QGH[ 'statistics', 2–16, 3–14 parameters, 2–16 'Stop', 3–107 automatic measurement of, 'Test on', 3–104 3–9 'testing', 3–104 categories of. See menus, 'Text & Times', 3–60 'Category' 'Then', 3–107 in telecom mask testing, TIMEBASE, 3–115–3–116 3–103 'TIMEBASE', 3–41 menu. See menus 'to', 3–14, 3–154 read by remote control, 3–15 standard.
  • Page 212 SINGLE button, 2–20 single-shot acquisition, 1–5 quantification, 3–7 slow timebase quantization acquisition using on all levels, 3–6 interpolation, 3–94 SMART trigger, 1–6, 3–135– 3–143. See edge, dropout, interval triggers RAM (Random Access in glitch capture, 3–130– Memory), 3–114 3–131 Random Access Memory. See SNGL button for long-waveform Random Interleaved Sampling...
  • Page 213 ,QGH[ TIMEBASE + TRIGGER, 2–2 vertical parameters, 3–12 TIMEBASE SETUP button, viewing, 1–4, 1–7 3–115 VOLTS/DIV knob, 2–10, 2–23 for display of no. points, time between pts., and sampling rate, 3–89 trace labels, 2–7, 2–10 waveform math, 1–8 TRACE ON/OFF button, 2–8, waveform memories, 2–21 2–10, 2–13, 2–17, 3–2 WAVEFORM STORE button,...

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