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Omega Volume VII–System Description Operation Manual

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S-AD-M-005
Chapter 1: System Overview
System Operations Manual
Volume VII-System Description
Chapter 1: System Overview
1.0
Introduction .................................................................................................
1.1
Scientific Mission ......................................................................................
1.1.1
1.1.2
HED Backlighting Experiments ....................................................
1.1.2.1 Cryogenic Implosion Fuel Conditions .............................
1.1.3
Fast Ignition ...................................................................................
1.1.3.1
1.1.3.2
1.1.3.2.2 Electron-Beam Transport ................................................
1.1.4
SSP-Related High-Energy-Density Physics...................................
1.1.4.1
1.1.4.2
1.1.4.3
1.1.4.4
1.1.4.5
1.2
System Configuration .............................................................................
1.3
System Performance Specifications ......................................................
1.3.1
Short-Pulse Performance ...............................................................
1.3.2
Long-Pulse Performance ................................................................
OMEGA EP
Background .....................................................................
OMEGA EP Fast-Ignition Program ...............................
Isentropic Compression ..................................................
Isochoric Heating Experiments ......................................
Hydrodynamic Instability Experiments ..........................
Indirect-Drive Experiments ............................................

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  • Page 1: Table Of Contents

    1.1.2.2 High-Temperature Opacity Measurements ...... 1.1.3 Fast Ignition ................... 1.1.3.1 Background ..............1.1.3.2 OMEGA EP Fast-Ignition Program ....... 1.1.3.2.1 Intensity Scaling of Hot-Electron Energy ...... 1.1.3.2.2 Electron-Beam Transport ..........1.1.4 SSP-Related High-Energy-Density Physics........1.1.4.1 Equation of State Measurements of Materials ....
  • Page 2 1.8.3 Ultraviolet Diagnostic Package (UVDP) ........1.8.4 Full-Aperture Calorimetry ............Control System and Joint Operations Plan ........1.9.1 OMEGA EP Control Room ............1.9.2 Shot Types and Closed Access ............1.9.3 Shot Request Forms ............... Appendix A: Glossary of Acronyms...

  • Page 3: Introduction

    Two applications of the OMEGA EP beams to the current OMEGA Facility are described first, followed by three classes of experiments to be carried out in the OMEGA EP target chamber. When all 60 beams of OMEGA are used to generate a symmetric implosion, the only way to provide backlighting is to add additional beams to the system.
  • Page 4 Using the OMEGA EP beams, LLE will be uniquely able to study aspects of the fast-ignition approach to ICF because of the high areal densities and high electrical conductivity of compressed DT available with OMEGA’s cryogenic capability.

  • Page 5: High-Power, High-Energy, And Proton-Beam Radiography

    HED targets. A large fraction of the HED physics experiments on OMEGA (and on Nova prior to its shutdown) use drive beams to illuminate a backlighting target, producing x rays to radiograph the primary target.

  • Page 6: Hed Backlighting Experiments

    OMEGA EP will overcome the limitations of backlighting with conventional OMEGA and NIF beams. It will allow dedicated backlighting beams in both the OMEGA and OMEGA EP target chambers. The short-pulse capability of illuminating targets at 10...

  • Page 7: High-Temperature Opacity Measurements

    Fast ignition would make high-gain applications with drivers that have less energy than the full NIF (but more than OMEGA) possible and may relax requirements on efficiency and drive symmetry. Fast ignition can also be used with drivers such as ion-beam or Z-pinch radiation sources that can compress thermonuclear fuel to a high density.

  • Page 8: Omega Ep Fast-Ignition Program

    The key experiments needed to demonstrate the fast-ignition concept and determine the optimum parameters for the NIF will be carried out on OMEGA and OMEGA EP. The fundamental goal is to determine the coupling of the HEPW beam energy to the compressed core of a cryogenic implosion.

  • Page 9: Equation Of State Measurements Of Materials

    EOS. EOS experiments on OMEGA EP will involve the use of all four UV beams to drive a package or three UV beams for the drive and one as a backlighter. There is interest in EOS data at pressures...

  • Page 10: Isentropic Compression

    With the long pulse duration, high energy, and individual pulse shaping and timing available for each of the OMEGA EP beams, it will be possible to provide samples in a new and unexplored temperature and density range.

  • Page 11: Indirect-Drive Experiments

    1.1..5 Indirect-Drive Experiments OMEGA EP will have the capability of irradiating targets with beams at 48º to the target normal even though it is not included in the baseline project. This is ideal for the irradiation of half-hohlraums with >20 kJ of laser energy in pulses up to 10 ns. While no specific experiments are yet designed, it is likely that this capability will be of significant interest to the national laboratories and will be developed when the facility becomes available for target physics experiments.
  • Page 12 Rejected light *Used in beamlines 1 and 2 only G5221cJ2 Figure 1.2 Optical components for the injection and amplification portions of an OMEGA EP beamline. Beamlines 3 and 4 do not have short-pulse capability and therefore do not require POL2.
  • Page 13 (not shown) diverts pulses to either target chamber. Alternatively, the two pulses can be used to simultaneously backlight and sidelight an OMEGA EP target. After pulse compression, the beams can be directed to either the OMEGA or OMEGA EP target chamber. When the beams propagate to the OMEGA target chamber, they are coaxially aligned using a beam combining optic and a target chamber selection mirror directs them to the target chamber.

  • Page 14: System Performance Specifications

    Figure 1.4 Cutaway illustration of the OMEGA EP target chamber (TC) and the GCC (partial view) looking south. The TC selection mirror (upper right) can be aligned to direct the temporally compressed beam to enter the backlighter port (blue) or sidelighter port (red).

  • Page 15: Long-Pulse Performance

    The performance of the laser chain for 1- and 10-ns square pulses is limited by the peak fluences and damage limits of the optical components in the OMEGA EP beamline after the last pass through the cavity, the booster-amplifier section, and the UV transport to target. The most damage-threatened components in the UV subsystem in both the 1-ns and 10-ns cases are the UV transport mirrors.

  • Page 16: Laser Sources Subsystem

    The Laser Sources Bay is located between the north and south Capacitor Bays on the first floor of the facility. Each beamline in OMEGA EP has its own dedicated set of laser drivers, referred to as laser sources. Beamlines 1 and 2 have the capability to produce both short- or long-pulse seed pulses for their dedicated beamline.
  • Page 17 S-AD-M-005 Chapter 1: System Overview January 2006—Page 15 of 35 Short-Pulse Generation Chain OPCPA OPCPA OPCPA output Short-pulse Stretcher stage 1 stage 2 spatial filter oscillator Second harmonic Short pulse Apodizer output CLARA generator (SHG) apodizer spatial filter Phase Long-pulse Long-pulse Long-pulse Regen...

  • Page 18: Laser Sources 3 And 4

    Volume VII–System Description Page 16 of 35 OMEGA EP Operations Manual mode. The output of the OPCPA stage can also be propagated through the main portion of the laser system to establish optical alignment, verify compressor performance, and align the beam transport and focusing systems.
  • Page 19 S-AD-M-005 Chapter 1: System Overview January 2006—Page 1 of 35 To permit four passes through the main amplifier, the polarization of the beam must be rotated to prevent the beam from being reflected out of the cavity following the second pass. The PEPC is used to accomplish this.

  • Page 20: Beam Transport

    This capability allows for stereoscopic viewing of target experiments. This capability does not exist for the OMEGA target chamber as there is only one beam transport tube. The flow chart below and Fig. 1.7 illustrate this concept.
  • Page 21 S-AD-M-005 Chapter 1: System Overview January 2006—Page 1 of 35...

  • Page 22: Grating Compressor Chamber

    P) frequency-conversion crystals (FCC’s) and then transported to the OMEGA EP target chamber. They cannot be directed to the OMEGA target chamber. Each beam is focused onto the target using an f/6.5 aspheric lens followed by a vacuum window and a thin debris shield. An option to smooth the target-plane profile is to place a distributed phase plate (DPP) just before the lens.
  • Page 23 A drawing of the GCC shows the main equipment access door to the south and the beam exit ports to the north. The two beam exits to the east support OMEGA EP’s sidelighter and backlighter capabilities. The west beam penetrates the shield walls of OMEGA EP and OMEGA and enters the OMEGA target chamber at port H9.
  • Page 24 In an alternative configuration the compressed-pulse-transport path permits the simultaneous delivery of the compressed pulses to the OMEGA EP sidelighter and backlighter OAP’s (see Sec. 1.5.1). Each of the eight TGA’s is comprised of three MLD gratings. A photograph of a TGA is shown in Fig.

  • Page 25: Target Chamber And Target Area Structure

    1.5.3 Target Chamber and Target Area Structure The OMEGA EP target chamber is similar in design to the OMEGA target chamber and has the same 3.3-m diameter. The chamber is located within the target area structure (TAS) located at the north end of the Laser Bay.

  • Page 26: Timing Systems

    (TIM) diagnostic shuttles (three initially), a target positioning system (TPS), a target viewing system (TVS), and other support items whose designs are based on their OMEGA equivalents. The top and bottom ports are reserved for the future addition of a planar cryogenic target system.
  • Page 27 The shot triggers used in the OMEGA EP system are distributed by a trigger generator/selector unit (TG/S) that has separate modes for independent and joint operations. In the independent mode, the TG/S generates synchronized T–10 and T–0 shot triggers for OMEGA EP only. In the joint mode, the signals generated by the MTG are used in both systems.

  • Page 28: Optical Alignment

    The complexity of the OMEGA EP System requires the control system be able to align Beamlines 1 and 2 to the targets in the OMEGA or OMEGA EP target chambers (TC). For the OMEGA EP target chamber, Beams 1 and 2 may be directed to either the backlighter (port 33) or sidelighter (port 69) ports (not visible), or after frequency conversion, to the 23º...
  • Page 29 Figure 1.14 The south elevation view of the OMEGA EP target chamber shows the 23º and 48º entry port locations. The backlighter OAP inserter/manipulator resides in the large port at the center of the drawing and the sidelighter OAP manipulator is located at the “–Y”...
  • Page 30 Volume VII–System Description Page 2 of 35 OMEGA EP Operations Manual The PAD laser and the dual wavelength SPDP laser are used in combination with compressor alignment mirrors (CAM’s) in the pulse compressor to align the compressor. The tiled gratings in each compressor are aligned using an interferometer in the GCC as shown in Fig.

  • Page 31: Laser Diagnostics

    S-AD-M-005 Chapter 1: System Overview January 2006—Page 2 of 35 Laser Diagnostics 1..1 Infrared Diagnostic Package (IRDP) A suite of diagnostic instrumentation is dedicated to each of the beamlines. These diagnostic packages are designed to provide comprehensive information about system performance in preparation for and during a target shot.

  • Page 32: Ultraviolet Diagnostic Package (Uvdp)

    The source beam for the UVDP comes from the ultraviolet alignment table (UVAT) located on the Laser Bay floor south of the TAS. A periscope mirror assembly (PMA), similar to OMEGA’s, directs the alignment beam into the optical path prior to the FCC’s. A UV diagnostic beam splitter (UV-DBS) provides 4% of the incident light to a transmissive off-axis parabola that relays 4% of the beam into the UVDP and ASP.

  • Page 33: Control System And Joint Operations Plan

    (HTS). A “handoff” between the two levels of timing control takes place 20 s before a shot is triggered. Like OMEGA, the approach to system operations makes use of the concept of a “shot cycle,” consisting of a sequence of “system states”...

  • Page 34: Omega Ep Control Room

    The lines connecting the executives represent the LLE ethernet. Note that the Power Conditioning Executives (PCE’s) are required to communicate with each other in order to coordinate charging of the PCU’s. In OMEGA EP, the Shot Director also controls the PCE, unlike OMEGA.

  • Page 35: Shot Types And Closed Access

    G6873J1 Figure 1.18 An illustration of the OMEGA EP Control Room, anteroom, and conference area. Workspace is also provided for the System Scientists or Principle Investigators. A corridor leading north, directs guests to the Viewing Gallery. The optics assembly area (OAA) is to the south.
  • Page 36 Volume VII–System Description Page 3 of 35 OMEGA EP Operations Manual Table 1.5: Comparison of the OMEGA and OMEGA EP shot types and the areas in OMEGA EP that have closed access. Type OMEGA OMEGA EP Closed access areas in...

  • Page 37: Shot Request Forms

    SRF’s are handled identically between laser systems via a common SRF web page. The SRF enables the requestor to specify whether the shot is an OMEGA, OMEGA EP, or a joint system shot. A new SRF is required for each shot, whose shot type is three (3) or greater. Supplemental tools and forms are also generally used in planning and communicating the sequences of related shots that are referred to as “campaigns.”...

  • Page 39: Appendix A: Glossary Of Acronyms

    Appendix A Glossary of Acronyms ACSL aperture-coupled strip line advanced radiographic capability alignment sensor package arbitrary waveform generator compressor alignment mirror charge-coupled device cavity end mirror CLARA crystal large aperture ring amplifier chirped pulse amplification cavity spatial filter continuous wave diagnostic beam splitter deformable mirror distributed phase plate...
  • Page 40 NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration nanosecond Optics Assembly Area off-axis parabola OAPI/M off-axis parabola inserter/manipulators OMEGA intercommunications protocol OPCPA optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification parabola alignment diagnostic Power Conditioning Executive Power Conditioning Unit PEPC plasma-electrode Pockels cell principle investigator periscope mirror assembly...

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