Information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice, and whilst it is checked for accuracy, no liabilities can be accepted for errors. dCS Ltd is Data Conversion Systems Ltd. Company registered in England, UK, no. 2072115...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Page 2 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website Contact on + 44 1799 531 999 email to: more@dcsltd.co.uk (inside the UK replace + 44 with 0)
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 RODUCT EATURES Formats • DSD, and PCM from 192 kS/s down to 32 kS/s • Data formats supported are: AES/EBU (XLR and BNC), Dual AES (XLR),...
Ltd June 2000 CONTENTS Product Features ....................3 CONTENTS ......................4 About this Manual Using Your dCS 954 For The First Time ............6 Product Overview What’s in the Box? Mains Voltages Installing Unit in a Rack Getting Started The Hardware – Controls and Connectors.............10...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Safety and Electrical Safety TroubleShooting ....................76 Error Codes and Messages Internal Device Error Codes System Messages and Error Codes Trouble Shooting Your System dCS Support.......................80 I wish ..
Remote software Mains Voltages The dCS 954 is shipped with its mains voltage preset for operation in the destination country. The voltage is not intended to be changed by the user. If it needs to be changed, contact your dealer or dCS.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Installing Unit in a Rack The unit is supplied with 19" rack mount ears fitted. If it is to be mounted in a 19" rack, the ears supplied may be used to locate it in the rack and stop the unit sliding forward –...
You should have audio. Note that the balanced and unbalanced outputs are active simultaneously on the dCS 954 and may both be connected to external equipment simultaneously if required. Now you will need to familiarise yourself with how the front panel controls and the menu system work.
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Page 9 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website Contact on + 44 1799 531 999 email to: more@dcsltd.co.uk (inside the UK replace + 44 with 0)
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 – C ARDWARE ONTROLS AND ONNECTORS Rear Panel CH1(L) CH2(R) Sensitivity Reference In Reference Out AES1 AES2 AES3 AES4 MAINS FUSE 2A(T) ON OFF PUSH PUSH...
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The underside of the unit will have a label on that contains a number such as 954 4B1 6B2 2A1 3A2 12345. This is the serial number, but it also contains vital configuration information. We will need this number (all of it) to give you support over the phone, or to ship you software updates.
Data Conversion Systems Figure 3 – Front Panel The dCS 954 uses a combination of front panel buttons for frequently changed functions and a step through menu for features you might set and forget. AES1, AES2, AES3, AES4 & BNC Menu Step The 5 buttons on the left side of the front panel select the active input(s).
CD players) can show large timing transients as the movement occurs, which can upset the dCS 954, causing intermittent data errors or muting. To cater for this situation, the dCS 954 allows two PLL settings – fine lock and coarse lock. If the problem arises, pressing the...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Mute Menu Set Mute button is dual function – on its own (blue type on the front panel), it mutes and unmutes the analogue outputs when the unit is locked to a source.
The unit implements CCITT J17 De-Emphasis. De-Emphasis disabled. Table 2 – Emphasis Indication, low sample rates dCS recommend setting the unit to Automatic unless there is an error in the De-Emphasis message in the incoming data stream. For Menu operation as the button, see the section “The Software –...
If the display is completely blank for any significant period, try switching off for 10 seconds then switching on again. If this does not solve the problem, contact your distributor or dCS. The display is also used for Menu options. Page 16 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website...
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Page 17 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website Contact on + 44 1799 531 999 email to: more@dcsltd.co.uk (inside the UK replace + 44 with 0)
OFTWARE Overview The dCS 954 has many other functions that either need to be accessed only occasionally, or are informative in nature. These functions can be accessed either by the Remote software, running on a PC and connected to the unit by an RS-232 link - or (in most cases) by the Menu, via the front panel.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 The Menu Sequence To access the Function Menu, hold down the Menu Step button and press the Menu Set button. (The Menu Step button corresponds to the selected input - LED bright or flashing.) To step through the Menu items, press the Menu Step button repeatedly.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Menu Items Issue Displays the software issue when is pressed. Selects DSD mode. When on and locked, the unit displays “dSd”. This mode takes about 15 seconds to load, during which time the menu cannot be used.
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Ltd June 2000 IMPORTANT! If the Non Audio flag is stripped by the recorder and the dCS 954 is not set to DSD mode, it will accept DSD data as AES3 PCM and will output potentially damaging full scale noise.
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If the main signal fails, the unit will automatically switch to the backup. Or, if you wish the dCS 954 to just play whatever you plug into it, and not worry about A-Sel to On.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 If the input format is set to Single, Dual or Quad AES format, the unit will ignore the message flags and group the AES inputs accordingly.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Tone Tone (Tone Generator). This controls an internal Generator, whose level and frequency can be adjusted. Pressing enters a submenu, which accesses the following functions: Level The output level in dB0.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Figure 5 – In-phase Sys waveform Referring to Figure 5, if the triangular sections point up, that channel is in phase. A triangular section pointing up with a rectangular block on its left side indicates left channel.
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Quad AES). Swapped wires causes a display like 1243 (AES3 & swapped). The checking relies on correct messaging and may not work with non-dCS equipment. Filt (Filter). Selects one of several anti-image filter responses. The filters should Filt1 be evaluated by ear.
Volume. The change accelerates if a button is held down. The range is 0dB to –20dB. Phone dCS telephone number scrolls across the display. Facs dCS fax number scrolls across the display Part The control board part number (version) scrolls along the display.
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 S-No The control board serial number scrolls along the display. You will need something to write this on, if you call us for help. Flip channels). Normally set to Off. If you find the Left and Right outputs from...
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Page 29 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website Contact on + 44 1799 531 999 email to: more@dcsltd.co.uk (inside the UK replace + 44 with 0)
Unbalanced Balanced - or - outputs outputs To pre or power amplifier Figure 8 – Syncing a dCS 954 to a Master Clock RefCl. do this: in the menu to do this: Select the required input(s), then press the button as well.
RS-232 address to be different. They can then be identified, and grouped, in the remote window. A mixture of dCS unit types may be used. “Remote In & Out“ on page 11 for cable details, and “RS-232 Remote...
To pre or power amplifier Figure 11 – Six channel set up Ref In option set to Route, the middle do this: The top dCS 954 needs to have its Loop Loop.t. one to and the bottom one to The units self align quite accurately (see section “Sample...
Figure 12 – Replaying a 6 channel DSD recording from a 24 track 16/44.1 recorder Ref In option set to Route, the middle do this: The top dCS 954 needs to have its Loop Loop.t. one to and the bottom one to...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Replaying 8 Channel P3D DSD d C S 954 CH1(L) CH2(R) Sensitivity Reference In Reference Out AES1 AES2 AES3 AES4 MAINS FUSE 2A(T) ON OFF PUSH...
IMPORTANT! DO NOT lock the dCS 954 to the dCS 992 or the audio output will be full scale noise! The Master Clock is optional – it helps reduce jitter. If you don’t have a Master...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Converting Quad AES to Single AES Quad AES 192kS/s d C S 954 CH1(L) CH2(R) Sensitivity Reference In Reference Out AES1 AES2 AES3 AES4 MAINS FUSE 2A(T) ON OFF...
Quad AES 24/192 recordings split between 2 tapes may be played back as shown. The 2 Nagra-D recorders must be fitted with special hardware and software to achieve this – contact Nagra for details. The dCS 954 allows for small timing discrepancies between the AES1/2 pair and the AES3/4 pair.
NFORMATION Anti Image Filtering The dCS 954 offers a choice of 4 anti-image filters on most sample rates. These filters affect the ultrasonic part of the spectrum - 20 kHz upwards. The unit is a DAC, with an output data rate set by the interface standard used.
The highest quality clocks that are available are crystals, so we use these. The dCS 954 uses one of two on-board voltage controlled crystal oscillators (VCXOs) as a clock source – one for 48 kS/s related outputs and one for 44.1 kS/s related outputs.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 DSD is a single bit very high sample rate (2.822 MS/s) format, where the single bit words are heavily noise shaped to push noise energy above the audio band.
June 2000 Sample Alignment The dCS 954 aligns samples such that Word Clock Out aligns with AES3 samples out (Reference Out), the rising edge of Word Clock Out aligning with the start of the first illegal code in the X,Z subframe preamble and the falling edge aligning with the start of the Y subframe preamble.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 When Word Clock In is used as a sync source, in and out are related as below. The lower waveform is the output, the upper one is the input. The misalignment is less than about 40ns.
AES3 input is used as a sync source. The alignment is better than 40ns. Input is at the top of the displays, output is at the bottom. Signals are at the sockets on the dCS 954, the unit was slaved to AES1...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Figure 24 – AES3 in to AES3 out, 44.1 kS/s AES3 Reference Out is also related to the phase of Clk In. The scope shots below were taken with the unit sync’d to Clk In Figure 25 –...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Digital Interface Specifications Input Output AES/EBU (AES3) Type Balanced, differential Impedance Ω Sensitivity (unloaded) 1 ~ 10 V pk-pk Maximum Wordlength bits Damage level > 20...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Frequency Response The overall frequency response is determined by the sample rate, the digital filter and the analogue filter. If imaging is to be avoided, all filters must cut-off before Fs/2 is reached, with a margin to allow for sufficient attenuation to be reached to effectively eliminate Nyquist images.
Ltd June 2000 Group Delay The group delay for a dCS 904 and dCS 954 ADC and DAC were measured, at different sample rates. The results were as below (they are valid for software up to 1.5x): Filter 1...
DCS1 Destination: null For more information on the way dCS implement the AES3 system message to handle higher sample rates, see the Appendix to this manual. For the formal definition of the AES3 interface, see footnote , from the AES.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Figure 28 – AES3 format at 48 kS/s over 16 metres Page 50 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website Contact on + 44 1799 531 999 email to: more@dcsltd.co.uk...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Figure 29 – AES3 format at 48 kS/s over 94 metres Figure 30 – AES3 format at 96 kS/s over 16 metres Figure 31 – AES3 format at 96 kS/s over 94 metres...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 SDIF-2 PCM Format The SDIF-2 interface is a 4 wire NRZ interface - so the DC level on each signal line may not be constant. It contains 20 bits of audio data and has a block structure of 256 stereo samples, rather than the 192 of AES/EBU.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Figure 32 – SDIF-2 PCM format at 96 kS/s Figure 33 – SDIF-2 PCM format at 44.1 kS/s SDIF-2 Messaging The SDIF-2 message details are defined in the table following.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 DSD on SDIF-2 An SDIF-2 interface can be used for DSD. The waveforms appear quite different to PCM format. However, they do produce transitions where the illegal code transitions were, and for this reason we advise against locking to the illegal transitions in SDIF-2.
Bit Error Rates The bit error rate (BER) for a dCS 904/dCS 954 running P3D is below 5x10 , (0 errors over 64 hours). The same error rate is likely to hold for all AES3 type formats.
All commands available from the front panel (and a few others, dCS use only) of a unit can be remotely controlled using this approach. Each unit must have a unique ID (in the range 0 to 99) which must be set up by hand using the menu system on the front panel.
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The addressed receiving unit (ADC, DAC, DDC, Master Clock, etc) acknowledges within 50 msecs of the last transmitted byte in the transmit message. For some special cases (dCS use only, see “Special Commands and Protocols” below) commands do not acknowledge. If the checksum is incorrect the receiving unit will ignore the command, clear its buffer and will not acknowledge.
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Address F1 hex (241 decimal), Command RS_ENABLE_DEBUG (19 decimal) ALL units on daisy chain react to command. Nothing acknowledges. This enables dCS debugging commands. This may result in unstable behaviour of the unit. Page 58 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website...
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Command Streams Example – a system of 9 units with ID’s set up as noted: Master Clock (ID 1), P3D compatible ADCs (ID 2, 3, 4 and 5), P3D compatible DACs (ID 6, 7, 8 and 9).
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Responds -> [ACK 15 seconds][7], requested mode Transmit -> [8][DSD_MODE], to change mode to PCM of unit 8 Responds -> [ACK 15 seconds][8], requested mode Transmit -> [9][DSD_MODE], to change mode to PCM of unit 9 Responds ->...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Transmit -> [1][REQUEST_FS], request actual frequency Responds -> [ACK immediate][1], actual frequency The system is now set up with the Master Clock configured for 96k operation and the ADCs and DACs locked in PCM mode to 96k.
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Transmit -> [8][REQUEST_DSD_MODE] Response -> [ACK immediate][8], actual mode Transmit -> [9][REQUEST_DSD_MODE] Response -> [ACK immediate][9], actual mode Check ADCs for mode change. This command allows the Transmitter to check the mode of the ADCs.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Command name Command Number of Parameters Parameters Byte Parameters Response Command 0 = do not automatically slave RS_AUTO_SLAVE 1 = automatically slave to a reference input...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Command name Command Number of Parameters Parameters Byte Parameters Response Command first parameter is terminator (AES) RS_REF_MODES 0 = unterminated 1 = terminated second is reference mode...
June 2000 Power Consumption The dCS 954 has a linear power supply, and so power consumption changes as the mains voltage changes. The internal regulation is comparatively efficient for a linear supply, so these changes are kept to a minimum. Power consumption is independent of mains voltage setting.
Allowing 3 cms between units gives reasonable cooling. If in doubt, the easy test is – the dCS 954 is happy to work anywhere a human is. dCS 9xx EXCESS TEMPERATURE (Measured as dCS 954 ) Middle unit of 3, in box with "shelf plates"...
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Page 67 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website Contact on + 44 1799 531 999 email to: more@dcsltd.co.uk (inside the UK replace + 44 with 0)
(storage drives, for example), these can be many hundreds of nsecs, and if one goes below 1 Hz, they get worse. Because of these types of issue, dCS use a bandwidth of around 5 Hz for our PLLs in fine lock.
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 the FIFO has to be significantly filled at all times, which is the same a delay in the signal path. A bit error rate measurement based on this approach has shown rates with an...
954 units. If you are in any doubt, please contact your Distributor or dCS. In general, these will be carried out at dCS, because we have extensive test facilities and can verify the changes.
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Page 71 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website Contact on + 44 1799 531 999 email to: more@dcsltd.co.uk (inside the UK replace + 44 with 0)
• no dust deposits build up to degrade performance. All parts are replaceable or upgradeable by dCS, for a period of at least five years from the date you purchased your unit. If your unit is damaged in some way, please contact your Distributor or dCS.
EPROM installed internally. Using the RS-232 download is hands free, but takes about 40 mins per unit. With special software (contact dCS) multiple units can be daisy chained together so that one PC can update them all serially (overnight).
Safety and Electrical Safety There are no user serviceable parts inside the dCS 954 and so there is no need to remove the covers, apart from front panel software updates. If for some reason you do: IMPORTANT! Disconnect from the mains before removing any covers or changing the fuse.
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Page 75 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website Contact on + 44 1799 531 999 email to: more@dcsltd.co.uk (inside the UK replace + 44 with 0)
HOOTING Error Codes and Messages The error codes and messages reported by dCS 954 provide an effective means to diagnose the majority of problems that may be encountered in use - including problems with the overall system the unit operates in, internal device warnings and internal device failures.
CRC data integrity check (see page 55) Table 14 – System Error Codes Trouble Shooting Your System If you experience difficulties when using your dCS 954, the following suggestions may help to resolve the problem. The unit fails to power up •...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 The unit fails to respond to the controls • While locking to a source or changing some settings (e.g. Filter), the microcontroller inside the unit is busy and will not respond to new commands for a few seconds.
• Connect a different piece of digital equipment to test the locking capability of the unit. If the condition persists, contact your Distributor or dCS. The unit slaves to Word Clock but not AES Reference •...
We value our customers, and we want to make products that do what you want. If You Need More Help Contact dCS. Our office hours are 8:00 am to about 7:00 pm, Monday to Friday, UK time (UTC in summer, or UTC + 1hr in winter). Contact us by phone or fax...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 NDEXES AND OFTWARE ERSION UMBERS This manual is for standard software version 1.5x and P3D unit software v1.36. v1.5x differs from earlier standard software v1.3x and P3D software pre 1.36 in having a more friendly menu structure, with readback on current settings without having to change the settings, and supporting SDIF-3 for DSD.
Syncing Functions Test Generator Ease of Use CONTENTS ......................4 About this Manual Using Your dCS 954 For The First Time ............6 Product Overview What’s in the Box? Mains Voltages Installing Unit in a Rack Getting Started The Hardware – Controls and Connectors.............10...
S-No Flip Typical Applications..................30 Using a dCS 954 for DSD Using a Master Clock to Sync a dCS 954 Replaying DSD from an 8 track 16/44.1 PCM Recorder Operating Several Units on One Remote Chain Six Channel PCM Set Up Replaying 6 channel DSD from a 24 track 16/44.1 PCM Recorder...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Hardware Service & Maintenance User Changeable Parts Software Installing New Software During An Update … Hardware Update or Calibration Warranty Safety and Electrical Safety TroubleShooting ....................76...
954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Keywords and Phrases Display, mode ......... 15, 22 Display, sample rate........22 DSD..........10, 20, 40, 78 7-Seg .............22 DSD 4............10, 20 DSD, metering ..........26 DSD, SDIF-2 ..........
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 LED, panel lock..........13 Lock failure ............77 Rack .............. 65 Lock, coarse ..........13 Ref In ............23 Lock, fine ............13 Reference daisy chain........10 Locking front panel ........13, 28 Reference In .......
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954 User Manual Manual for Standard Software Version 1.5x dCS Ltd June 2000 Web site ............80 Word Clock ......11, 16, 27, 41, 78 Warranty ..........5, 70, 74 Word clock alignment, in to out..... 42 Page 89 Manual part no: DOC136954 iss 2B1 file 135954ma2b1.pdf available from website...
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