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Allied Telesis AT-S13 Operation Manual

Allied Telesis AT-S13 Operation Manual

Ethernet switch with atm access for use with: at-4016tr, at-4016f, at-ts95tr; release 2.4
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Operations Manual
AT-S13
AT-S16
Ethernet Switch with ATM Access for use with:
AT-4016TR, AT-4016F, AT-TS95TR
Release 2.4
PN 613-10596-00 Rev A

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Summary of Contents for Allied Telesis AT-S13

  • Page 1 Operations Manual AT-S13 AT-S16 Ethernet Switch with ATM Access for use with: AT-4016TR, AT-4016F, AT-TS95TR Release 2.4 PN 613-10596-00 Rev A...
  • Page 2 Copyright 1997 Allied Telesyn International Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Allied Telesyn International Corporation. Allied Telesyn International Corporation reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior written notice.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Table of Contents ..............iii Preface .
  • Page 4 AT-S13 Port Configuration Screen........
  • Page 5 Port to ELAN Configuration Submenu — AT-S13........
  • Page 6 Table of Contents Appendix A TFTP ................93 Background .
  • Page 7 Appendix F Where To Find Us ..............135 Appendix G Index .

  • Page 9: Preface

    This document represents a discussion of the software operating systems of Allied Telesyn International’s (ATI’s) AT-4016TR (or AT-4016F) Ethernet Switch With ATM Access which uses the optional AT-S13 PCMCIA Firmware Card (Version 2.4) and the AT-TS95TR TurboStack Switch With ATM Access and Management which uses the optional AT-S16 Firmware Cassette (Version 2.4).

  • Page 10: Contents

    Preface Contents The contents of each chapter are described below. Chapter 1, “Product Description” introduces an overview of functions and features. Chapter 2, “Getting Started” describes how an experienced user can quickly and easily configure an ATM network. Chapter 3, “Ethernet Administration” tells you how to use ATI’s Omega management Ethernet software.

  • Page 11: Related Documentation

    Operations Manual Related Documentation You may find the following networking reference material helpful: Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture (2nd edition), Volumes I and II, Douglas Comer, Prentice Hall © 1991. Interconnections, Bridges and Routers , Radia Perlman, Addison Wesley ©...

  • Page 12: Contacting Ati Technical Support

    Preface Contacting ATI Technical Support Problems? Questions can be directed to ATI’s Technical Support staff by: Telephone Bulletin board services Electronic mail via the Internet CompuServe forum World Wide Web When you contact Technical Support, you should have the following information available: Firmware Revision number Complete description of the problem including any observed errors...

  • Page 13: Ftp Server

    Operations Manual FTP Server Allied Telesyn has Internet access to an FTP Server in Bothell, WA., for driver and Readme files on our adapter cards and managed products. The server can be accessed through your Internet connection as follows (note — use lower case letters): Address gateway.centre.com [lowercase letters]...

  • Page 15: Product Description

    — as if you are in the same physical LAN. As stated in the Preface, all switches are almost identical in form and function. The differences are primarily physical. The following table summarizes these differences. Table 2: AT-S13 and AT-S16 Differences AT-4016TR/AT-4016F AT-TS95TR AT-S13 PCMCIA Firmware Card...

  • Page 16: Features

    User defined emulated LAN support (up to 64 ELANs) either by port or MAC address. Software upgrading and downloading using TFTP or the optional PCMCIA Firmware Card (AT-S13) for the AT-4016TR as well as the AT-4016F/SC and the AT-4016F/ST. Software upgrading and downloading using TFTP or the optional Firmware Cassette (AT-S16) for the AT-TS95TR.
  • Page 17 Operations Manual Figure 1 shows the front panel of an AT-4016TR. It is presented as a review of the positioning of the relevant ports. 10Base-T Ports Ethernet Switch with ATM Access LINK RECEIVE COLLISION MDI-X LOOP-IN PRESENT RESET LOOP-OUT FAIL ONLINE SYNC YELLOW...

  • Page 18: Standards Compliance

    Product Description Figure 4 shows the rear panel of an AT-TS95TR. Firmware Cassette Port Backplane Figure 4: AT-TS95TR Rear Panel Standards Compliance The ATI implementation of LAN Emulation (LANE) services is compliant with the following existing standards: ATM Forum LAN Emulation specification version 1.0 ATM Forum UNI specification version 3.0 or 3.1 Note that a full discussion of the components of LANE can be found in Appendix B, LAN Emulation.

  • Page 19: Management Information Base Protocols

    Operations Manual Management The following Management Information Bases (MIBs) are supported. An expanded discussion of selected MIB support is provided in Appendix C. Information Base Protocols SNMP MIB2 (RFC 1213) Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) Bridge MIB (RFC 1493) SNMP MIB2 (RFC 1573) ATM MIB (RFC 1695) ATM Forum ILMI LANE Client...

  • Page 20: Interim Local Management Interface (Ilmi)

    Product Description Interim Local There is a MIB in the User-Network Interface (UNI) specification, ILMI, which includes sufficient “managed objects” to allow you to control and Management configure ATM nodes and terminals. As you will recall, the UNI simply Interface (ILMI) consists of ATM Forum-developed specifications which define the procedures and protocols between a user and the ATM network.

  • Page 21: Bridging

    Operations Manual Bridging Your switch operates as a transparent bridge to the Ethernet ports. As such, it learns the source Media Access Control (MAC) addresses of all incoming packets and ages out devices which have not been heard from for either a user or the default-specified length of time.

  • Page 22: Spanning Tree Protocol

    Product Description Spanning Tree Protocol The IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is both a configuration algorithm and a protocol. As it is fully presented in Chapter 5, you are referred to that discussion.

  • Page 23: Getting Started - The Basics

    Chapter 2 Getting Started — The Basics A completely functional ATM network requires the successful integration of several disparate units: An AT-4016TR or AT-4016F Ethernet-to-ATM switch, or An AT-TS95TR Ethernet-to-ATM switch ATI’s Omega management software which is provided An optional ATM-to-ATM Switch An optional ATM Configuration Server (LECS) Getting started involves the following sequence: 1.

  • Page 24: Getting Started - Omega

    Port to ELAN configuration screen (from the LAN emulation submenu), and configure your user-designated ports to “FIXED.” This process is discussed later. Remember, however, that AT-S13, v2.4 software, still maintains the ability to configure devices/ports through the LECS.

  • Page 25: Omega Main Menu

    NOTE You do not need to configure Omega if your default terminal is as follows: Data bits: 8, Stop bits: 1, Parity: 0, Connector: Com1/Com2 (PC/terminal dependent) AT-S13 The Main menu of an AT-4016TR switch is shown below. Main Menu...

  • Page 26: At-S16 Main Menu

    Getting Started — The Basics AT-S16 The AT-TS95TR Main menu is identical to the AT-4016TR except for the header. It is shown below. Main Menu Parameter The parameter changes listed below require the system to be reset before they are recognized. Changes Ethernet Parameters ATM Parameters...

  • Page 27: System Administration Menu

    Operations Manual System Administration Menu The following Omega Menu Map summarizes the functions that are available under the System Administration menu. Table 3: Omega Menu Map System Administration System name Password, timeout IP parameters Ip address SUbnet mask GAteway address Manager address Download Password GEt community string...
  • Page 28 Getting Started — The Basics From the Main menu, open Omega’s System Administration submenu by entering the letter S from the Main Menu. The contents and features of this submenu are shown below.

  • Page 29: System Name

    From the System Administration submenu, enter the letter System name. The following submenu can be used to enter or change the name of your switch. AT-S13 Release 2.4 You may enter a new name, up to 20 characters in length, or press RETURN keep the existing symbolic name.

  • Page 30: Password, Timeout

    Getting Started — The Basics Password, To assign or change the password or timeout value, return to the System Administration submenu and enter the letter P for the Password, Timeout timeout submenu: Password. Password protection restricts unauthorized access to Omega management.
  • Page 31 Operations Manual Timeout. From the Password screen, press for the Timeout <RETURN> screen. Timeout may be useful to avoid connection problems due to multiple sessions (for example, you may start a local session and not exit the system before attempting a Telnet session later). option Your switch allows one management session at a time.

  • Page 32: Ip Parameters Menu

    Getting Started — The Basics IP Parameters Menu You must choose a protocol for your network: Is it to be a TCP/IP or a nonTCP/IP network? TCP/IP Network If you have many geographically dispersed subnetworks, each connected to its own department concentrator, you may want to manage these multiple Management hubs remotely in a central-site configuration.
  • Page 33 Operations Manual If a BootP response is received, then the IP address, Subnet Mask, and/or Gateway/Router address will be extracted from the response packet and used to configure the system until the next power-on/reset. Although the BootP server file format differs from server to server, your switch nevertheless expect a response packet to contain an IP address, Subnet Mask and Gateway address.
  • Page 34 Getting Started — The Basics Enter the letter for IP parameters to access the following submenu: Choose those parameters you want to change by simply entering for IP address, for subnet mask, for gateway address or through manager addresses. The first time you apply power to your network, you will find that the default IP address is blank.

  • Page 35: Setting An Ip Address For Telnet

    Operations Manual Setting an IP Address for Telnet The IP parameters submenu can be used to set the IP address, Subnet mask and Gateway address for Telnet. Set the Manager address in the IP submenu. Enter D through G for a selection of up to four manager addresses and enter the IP address of the SNMP management server.

  • Page 37: Ethernet Administration

    If you have configured a password, the management agent will require it at the beginning of the session. If you have misplaced the password, you can unlock the management agent by inserting the optional AT-S13 PCMCIA card into the PCMCIA port on the AT-4016TR or AT-4016F or by inserting the optional AT-S16 Firmware Cassette into the appropriate port on the AT-TS95TR.

  • Page 38: At-S13 Port Status Screen

    AT-S13 Port Choose the AT-S13 Port Status submenu by entering the letter P. The system will then display the screen shown below. Status Screen This screen shows the status and configuration of each Ethernet port. At the top of the screen, you see the system name (if any).
  • Page 39 Operations Manual Status. The Status column basically shows whether the port participates, or does not participate, in the transmission and/or reception of frames or, more exactly, Bridge Protocol Data Units ( which is defined as a data BPDUs) unit transmitted as part of the STP algorithm. The exchange of BPDUs allows bridges within a network to logically configure the network as a single spanning tree.

  • Page 40: At-S16 Port Status Screen

    (8) ports and includes an Interface column. The Port, Link, Status and Status Screen Polarity columns are identical to the AT-S13 screen. Only the Interface column is added. You can change any port’s configuration by entering the port number then pressing <Return>.

  • Page 41: At-S13 Port Configuration Screen

    The Changing Port Configuration screen allows you to modify the Management Software default configuration settings. AT-S13 Port To change port information, enter a port number from the Port Status menu. The Port Configuration Menu for the AT-S13 appears. In this case, port #4 Configuration was selected. Screen The system and port name appear at the top of the screen.
  • Page 42 Ethernet Administration Change port name. The option Change port name allows you to specify a new symbolic name for the port or change an existing one. If selected, the following screen appears: You can enter a new name for the port, up to 20 characters in length, or press RETURN to keep the existing name (if any).

  • Page 43: At-S16 Port Configuration Screen

    Operations Manual AT-S16 Port The Port Configuration Menu for the AT-S16 follows. It is identical to the AT-S13 screen except for the Interface feature. In this case, port #1 was Configuration selected. Screen Interface Autosense. Only one connection at a time may be made to any port in the AT-TS95TR switch.

  • Page 44: Ethernet Parameters

    Ethernet Administration Ethernet Parameters Choose the System Administration submenu. The following Omega Menu Map (see Table 4) summarizes the functions that are available under the System Administration menu. Table 4: Omega Menu Map System Administration System name Password, timeout IP parameters Ip address SUbnet mask GAteway address...
  • Page 45 Operations Manual Enter the letter E for Ethernet parameters to access the following submenu: NOTE All changes to Ethernet parameters require a system reset to be activated. Your switch offers the choice of store-and-forward (the default) or cut-through switching strategies. In store-and-forward, the switch stores the entire packet before it is forwarded.

  • Page 46: Terminal Configuration

    Ethernet Administration Terminal Configuration Choose the System Administration submenu. Enter the letter T for Terminal Configuration to access the following submenu: Presently configured options are highlighted with an arrowhead (“>”). Changes to the configured terminal characteristics (terminal type and half/ full duplex) take effect immediately.
  • Page 47 Operations Manual Custom Terminal Configuration—Custom terminal definition... enables the same full-screen display characteristics as the ANSI option, but with a non-ANSI terminal. If you select the Custom terminal definition... option, you are led through three screens to specify the control or escape sequences used by the terminal.
  • Page 48 Ethernet Administration Under Custom Terminal Configuration... the first sequence to be configured is HOME THE CURSOR. This is followed by the ERASE THE ENTIRE SCREEN.
  • Page 49 Operations Manual Finally, you enter the ERASE TO END-OF-LINE. Data Rate—Return to the Terminal Configuration screen and select Data rate (baud” rate)..The screen consists of selectable baud rates. If you select Automatic baud rate detection, you will have to press RETURN twice to begin future management agent sessions.

  • Page 50: Update Software In Another System

    There are two prerequisites before you can update software to another system: Software cannot be upgraded if either an AT-S13 PCMCIA card or an AT-S16 Firmware Cassette is installed in the remote device, and All systems must have the same downloaded password.

  • Page 51: Broadcast Updated Software To All Systems

    To upgrade switches on a remote subnet: 1. Upgrade one switch on the remote subnet with the AT-S13 PCMCIA card or the AT-S16 Firmware Cassette. 2. Connect to the remote upgraded hub and then update software in all hubs.

  • Page 52: Activity Monitor

    Ethernet Administration Activity Monitor This option is used for troubleshooting purposes as well to indicate the completion of downloaded software. Further, technical support personnel have the ability to retrieve this information and, subsequently, use it towards the determination and resolution of problems. Open the System Administration menu and enter the letters AC for the Activity monitor.

  • Page 53: Diagnostics

    Failed. Choose the System Administration submenu. Enter the letter D for Diagnostics to access the following AT-S13 submenu: The top of the screen shows the user-configured hub name and selected group name. Below is the group’s product identifier. The group’s unique MAC address is displayed as a hexadecimal string (this is actually the group’s...

  • Page 54: Connect To A Remote System

    Ethernet Administration Enter the letter D for Diagnostics to access the following AT-S16 submenu: Connect to a Remote System Select System Administration from the Main Menu. Next, select Connect to a remote system. The following screen will be shown:...

  • Page 55: Reset And Restart The System

    Operations Manual For IP Networks. Enter the IP address of the target hub. This option initiates a Telnet session to another ATI managed hub. This option is useful when you are managing remote networks. NOTE If you are specifying the system by its alias, be sure to enclose the name in single quotation marks (for example, ‘name’).

  • Page 56: Frame Statistics

    Ethernet Administration Frame Statistics When you select Frame statistics from the Main menu, the following screen appears: Options Statistics Counters. Options A through K will display a graph for a particular statistics counter. See Single Counter Graph below. NOTE The Statistical Database complies with standards for MIBs from the IEEE and the TCP community and you are referred to that extensive documentation for a complete explanation of what each option noted above means.

  • Page 57: Single Counter Graph

    Frame statistics submenu (options A through K), the following display Graph (option A, in this case) appears for the AT-S13: If you select one of the individual Statistics Database counters from the Frame statistics submenu (options A through K), the following display...

  • Page 58: System Overview

    Ethernet Administration The selected statistics counter (Received Frames Filtered, option A, in this example) is graphed on a port-by-port basis. Each port’s counter value is shown to the left of the graph, and the graph itself provides a visual comparison of each port. NOTE This display will be automatically updated if the type of terminal has been configured.

  • Page 59: Individual Port Overview

    Operations Manual Individual Port If you select the Individual port overview option (M) from the Frame statistics submenu, the following submenu appears and you are asked to Overview select a desired port: To select a port, you enter the port number, followed by RETURN. A graph similar to the following Individual Port Graph - Frames will then appear.

  • Page 60: Individual Port Graph - Frames

    Ethernet Administration Individual Port If you select a port number from the Individual Port Statistics, the following display appears. Note that Port #1 was selected. Graph — Frames This display is identical to the System Overview Graph except it is for a selected port and not the overall system.

  • Page 61: Error Statistics Menu

    Operations Manual Error Statistics Menu When you select Error statistics from the Main menu, the following menu appears: Options Statistics Counters. Options A through N will display a graph for a particular statistics counter. See Single Counter Graph above. System Overview. This option (O) displays the System Overview Graph - Errors (see below).

  • Page 62: System Overview

    Ethernet Administration System Overview If you select the System Overview (option O) from the Error Statistics menu, the following display appears: All system-wide statistics counters are graphed. Each counter value is shown to the left of the graph and the graph itself provides a visual indication of system-wide network activity.
  • Page 63 Operations Manual This display is identical to the System Overview Graph - Errors, but reflects only the statistics for the selected port. All of the selected port’s statistics counters are graphed. Each counter value is shown to the left of the graph, and the graph itself provides a visual picture of the port’s network activity.

  • Page 65: Atm Administration

    Chapter 4 ATM Administration Getting Started Upgrading a legacy Ethernet network to an Ethernet network with ATM backbone access provides higher throughput as well as the benefits of added bandwidth. On the other hand, it also brings the problem of compatibility. For example, legacy LAN networks and ATM networks have two differences that must be resolved by any protocol which attempts to interface the two technologies:...

  • Page 66: Elan Membership

    ATM Administration An ELAN has two primary functions which are directly relevant to this presentation of ATM Addresses: It provides a broadcast data path in a connection-based ATM network. It provides address registration and resolution to the LES and LEC. It also matches MAC addresses to ATM addresses.

  • Page 67: Background

    Operations Manual Background The LECS maintains configuration parameters and a membership table of LECs for all ELANs in your ATM network. This membership table contains a list of ELAN members as well as their associated MAC to ATM addresses. The LECS also provides these addresses to requesting clients (LECs). ATI’s ATM software implements ATM Forum’s LEC.
  • Page 68 ATM Administration On the other hand, new devices must follow the algorithm shown on the following page. That is, ports configured for MAC address assignment through the LECS cannot join ELANs. This prevents a device intended to support MAC address assignment from accidentally joining the wrong ELAN.

  • Page 69: Elan Membership Algorithm For A New Device

    Operations Manual ELAN Membership New device is seen on a port (Unknown Source Address) Algorithm for a New Device Is port configured for Device is added to Forwarding FIXED ELAN Table and set to ACTIVE state assignment? Device is added to Forwarding Table and set to ELAN state Complete Is LECS...

  • Page 70: Atm Parameters

    ATM Administration ATM Parameters Access the Main menu from Omega management. As previously stated, Omega’s Main menu enables you to access the submenus that are needed to configure both your Ethernet network and your ATM network. Select the System Administration submenu by entering the letter S from the Main Menu.
  • Page 71 Operations Manual From the System Administration submenu enter the letters AT to access the ATM parameters submenu: This screen enables you to determine the values that regulate your ATM network. The top part of the display shows the current values. The following variables can be configured: UNI 3.0/3.1 signalling.

  • Page 72: Atm Addresses

    ATM Administration ATM addresses As presented in the introduction to this chapter, the function of the ELAN protocol is to emulate (defined as: to imitate, to equal, or to approach equality with) a local area network to an ATM network. Specifically, the ELAN protocol defines the mechanisms that allow the emulation of an IEEE 802.3 Ethernet LAN.

  • Page 73: Super Lec

    Operations Manual If you are unsure of the base MAC address, it can be found either on a decal in the proximate location of the RS232 port and/or on the Omega Diagnostics submenu. An ATM MAC address is created by adding the port number to the base MAC address.

  • Page 74: Lan Emulation Menu

    ATM Administration LAN Emulation Menu Return to the Main menu and enter to access the LAN emulation submenu...

  • Page 75: Emulated Lan Definitions

    Operations Manual The LAN emulation submenu for the AT-S16 shows no difference. Emulated LAN This option provides a list of ELAN names associated with each port of your switch. Fields in this menu can only be configured through the LECS. Definitions The Emulated LAN Definition option is shown below.
  • Page 76 ATM Administration The Emulated LAN Definition menu provides the following information: ELAN number - There are 64 possible ELAN numbers per switch. Each ELAN number corresponds to the selector byte. ELAN Name - This is the ELAN name associated with the ELAN. The ELAN name is requested and received from the LECS.

  • Page 77: Port To Elan Configuration Submenu - At-S13

    Please note Port to ELAN Configuration that this is the default screen. AT-S13 Release 2.4 This screen displays each of the sixteen (16) actual AT-4016TR UTP or AT-4016F Fiber Optic ports as well as the logically defined management port...
  • Page 78 ATM Administration The Emulated LAN column lists the ELAN that is presently configured to each port. The Type column contains a user defined keyword used by the LECS to configure the port. There are two keywords used by the LECS: MAC - The LECS assigns an ELAN to a device using the device’s MAC address.

  • Page 79: Port To Elan Configuration Submenu - At-S16

    Operations Manual Port to ELAN This screen displays each of the eight (8) actual AT-TS95TR UTP ports as well as the logically defined management port. As the functionality of this Configuration screen is essentially identical as that of the AT-4016 screen you are referred Submenu —...
  • Page 80 ATM Administration MAC Address Table. If you enter an ELAN number from the Main Menu (ELAN #3 in this example) you will see the MAC Address Table option. Note that the management port’s MAC address will always be shown: Port 9 for the AT-TS95TR or Port 17 for the AT-4016TR and AT-4016F.
  • Page 81 Operations Manual ATM Addresses. The LECS uses LEC Media Access Control (MAC) addresses (also known as Ethernet addresses) to determine ELAN assignment. If you do not want to assign a MAC address to each and every device, a default ELAN can be created. For example, the first screen from the Emulated LAN definitions submenu (via the...

  • Page 82: Lecs Configuration

    ATM Administration LECS From the LAN emulation menu, enter L to select the LECS configuration submenu. Configuration The LECS configuration submenu shows the current LECS ATM address. If a connection has NOT been established, there will be no entry. That is, after you have configured your switch, a connection request is sent to the Primary LECS.
  • Page 83 Operations Manual Enter P to access the Primary LECS ATM Address submenu. Enter a new ATM address if a current ATM address is not specified or if you simply want to change the existing address. Return to the LECS configuration submenu and enter S to access the Secondary LECS ATM Address screen.
  • Page 84 ATM Administration If the secondary LECS ATM address is not found, a search is made for the “Well Known ” LECS Address. This sequence will continue until a connection is made. Since all configuration information originates from the LECS, your switch will not know what ELAN’s are available until the LECS acknowledges that connection.
  • Page 85 Operations Manual This means that ELANs are established and that a device attached to your LEC will join a configured ELAN. It also means that a configured ELAN will remain joined until either it is reset or it is powered down. Client Status.

  • Page 86: Elan Membership

    ATM Administration ELAN Membership The following steps determine which ELAN a device can join during normal network operations. There are FOUR ways to define ELAN membership: When a new device is seen, your switch (LEC) requests configuration information from the LECS. If a MAC address has been preconfigured with the LECS, the LECS will send an acknowledgement message to your LEC and the desired ELAN will be assigned.

  • Page 87: Atm Status Menus

    Operations Manual ATM Status Menus ATM status and configuration menus are accessible from the Main menu. NOTE The use of the Port, Frame, and Error statistics submenus were discussed in Chapter 3, Ethernet Administration. Since they are not used to actually configure an ELAN, they will not be presented here.

  • Page 88: Cell Statistics Menu

    ATM Administration Cell Statistics The Cell Statistics menu enables you to view ATM cell transmit and receive statistics as well as Loss of Frame and Sync events. Fields in this menu Menu cannot be configured. From the Main menu, access the Cell statistics submenu.

  • Page 89: Virtual Circuit Information

    Operations Manual Virtual Circuit The Virtual Circuit Information (VCI) submenu enables you to view VCI statistics for each active VCI. VCI is the 16-bit number in an ATM cell header which Information identifies the specific virtual channel on which the cell is traversing on the current physical circuit.
  • Page 90 ATM Administration ATM Address - An ATM address consists of 20 Bytes (40 characters) and has three parts. The network prefix, obtained from the ATM switches in the network, has 13 Bytes. The End Station ID has 6 Bytes and normally represents the MAC address. The final part is the Selector byte (Sel) and allows shared devices such as an adapter card to have multiple ATM addreses.
  • Page 91 Operations Manual Transmitted Bytes - The total number of bytes transmitted from this switch to the specified VCI. NOTE All switch statistics are reset by either selecting the Zero all statistics counters on the entire system option from any statistics menu or by disrupting power to the switch.

  • Page 93: Spanning Tree Protocol

    Chapter 5 Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree The IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is both a configuration algorithm and a protocol. When STP is applied to a bridged LAN of arbitrary topology, it will reduce the topology to a single Spanning Tree. This ensures that there is only one data route between two end stations and that there are no data loops.

  • Page 94: Elan Spanning Tree Parameters

    Spanning Tree Protocol ELAN Spanning Tree Parameters Your switch, along with other Spanning Tree compliant bridges in the network, dynamically configures the network topology into a single Spanning Tree by exchanging Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs). Typically, each LAN segment is sent one BPDU every two seconds. When there are multiple ports connecting LANs in a loop, the Spanning Tree algorithm determines which port should forward packets to the LAN.
  • Page 95 Operations Manual A port enters the blocking state because it has received information that another bridge is the designated bridge for the LAN to which the port is attached. Blocking indicates a port that is NOT PARTICIPATING in forwarding frames thusly preventing the creation of multiple topology paths.

  • Page 96: Bridge Priority

    Spanning Tree Protocol If, for example, you select ELAN 1, the following screen appears: Bridge Priority When you select “Bridge Priority”, the following screen appears: Bridge priority is used by the Spanning Tree algorithm to determine the root bridge. It consists of a two-byte bridge priority concatenated with a 6-byte MAC address.

  • Page 97: Max Age Time

    Operations Manual You can set the bridge priority by entering a decimal number from 0 to 65,535. Zero being the highest priority. Max Age Time When you select “Max age time,” the following screen appears: The maximum age time is the received bridge protocol information before it is discarded, in seconds.

  • Page 98: Hello Time

    Spanning Tree Protocol Hello Time When you select “Hello time,” the following screen appears: Hello Time is the amount of time between the transmission of configuration BPDUs on any port when it is the root of the spanning tree (or trying to become so).

  • Page 99: Forwarding Delay

    Operations Manual Forwarding Delay When you select “Forwarding delay,” the following screen appears: Forwarding delay is the amount of time that controls how fast a port stays in each of the Listening and Learning states. This value is also used to age out all dynamic entries in the database when a topology change has been detected and is underway.

  • Page 100: Atm Port - Enable/Disable/Priority

    Spanning Tree Protocol ATM Port - Enable/ ATM Port Enable/Disable either enables or disables the Spanning Tree for the ATM port. When you select “ATM Port - Priority,” the following screen Disable/Priority appears: You can set the port priority by entering a decimal number from 0 to 255. Zero is the highest priority.

  • Page 101: Port To Spanning Tree Elan Configuration

    Operations Manual ATM Port Cost is the cost of the path to the root as seen from the port. This 2-Byte port cost is concatenated with a 6-byte MAC address and can be specified by entering a decimal number between 0 and 65,535. Port To Spanning Tree ELAN Configuration Returning to the Bridging menu, select “Port to spanning tree Elan configuration.”...
  • Page 102 Spanning Tree Protocol If you select a particular port (Port #1 in this instance), the following screen appears: This menu allows you to either enable or disable the Spanning Tree Protocol for the port. It also allows you to view the ELAN identification (name) as well as the priority and cost for that ELAN.

  • Page 103: Software

    Chapter 6 Software To Obtain New or Upgraded Software There are several ways to obtain new or upgraded software: PCMCIA — through Allied Telesyn’s optional AT-S13 PCMCIA card EPROM Cassette — through Allied Telesyn’s optional AT-S16 Firmware Cassette FTP Server TFTP —...

  • Page 104: Pcmcia

    Software PCMCIA Allied Telesyn offers Omega management software for the AT-4016TR and the AT-4016F on a firmware PCMCIA card, the AT-S13. AT-S 13 AT-S7 Figure 5: AT-S13 PCMCIA Card PCMCIA Port. The PCMCIA card is a read-only interface used for restoring or updating software.

  • Page 105: Firmware Cassette

    Operations Manual Firmware Cassette Firmware Cassette Port Figure 6: AT-S16 Firmware Cassette Port Firmware Cassette Port. AT-TS95TR agent software is easy to upgrade through the Firmware Cassette port (see Figure 6). The Firmware Cassette is a read-only interface used for restoring or updating software.

  • Page 106: Ftp Server

    Software FTP Server Allied Telesyn has Internet access to an FTP Server for driver and Readme files on our adapter cards and managed products. The server can be accessed through your Internet connection as follows (note — use lower case letters): Address gateway.centre.com [lowercase letters] Login...

  • Page 107: Tftp

    Appendix A TFTP Background Software can be downloaded using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) and ATI’s image file. ATI’s switches support the use of TFTP in ASCII mode to both upload configuration parameters to a host and/or download configuration parameters to a switch. What this means is straightforward: you can save configuration data from many switches to a single host.

  • Page 108: Tftp Configuration To Cib Data Requirements

    TFTP While TFTP utilities vary from vendor to vendor as does the TFTP syntax, the general form of the command line is as follows: tftp <direction> <localfile> <hostIP> <downloaded password> <mode> where: tftp invokes the utility direction specifies which way the file is being transferred: get or put localfile specifies name of file on your workstation hostIP...

  • Page 109: Get

    Not all configuration fields apply to all products. This file includes configuration data for the AT-S6 (AT-3690), AT-S7, v2.x (AT-4016 with PVC’s), AT-S9 v2.x (AT-TS95TR) with PVC’s and AT-S13 (AT-4016TR and AT-4016F with SVC’s) and the AT-S16 (AT-TS95TR with SVC’s). Exceptions are noted.

  • Page 110: Put

    TFTP A TFTP configuration field “put” file involves the use of any, or all, configuration parameters. To download the image file for an AT-4016TR, AT-4016F, or AT-TS95TR respectively: tftp put image.s13 (IP address) AT4016 octet (or) tftp put image.s14 (IP address) AT4016 octet tftp put image.s16 (IP address) ATTS95 octet Once the file is placed on the switch, downloading procedures are initiated.
  • Page 111 Operations Manual Terminal Parity: PARITY = NONE Allowable configuration data: NONE, ODD, EVEN Default Value: NONE Terminal Type: TERM TYPE = VT100 Allowable configuration data: DUMB, VT100, USER DEFINED TERMINAL Default Value: DUMB Terminal Character Echo: CHAR ECHO = ECHO Allowable configuration data: ECHO, NO ECHO Default Value:...
  • Page 112 TFTP Manager Address: MNGR ADDR = 1 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX MNGR ADDR = 2 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX MNGR ADDR = 3 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX MNGR ADDR = 4 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX Allowable configuration data: Four numeric values separated by (.) ranging from 0 - 255. Default Value: 00.00.00.00 SNMP Get String: GET STRING = “XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX”...
  • Page 113 Operations Manual System Password: SYS PASSWORD = “XXXXXXXX..XXXXXXXX” Allowable configuration data: A maximum of twenty (20) ASCII characters Default Value: NULL STRING Download Password: DOWNLOAD PASSWORD = “XXXXXXXX..XXXXXXXX” Allowable configuration data: A maximum of twenty (20) ASCII characters System Name: SYSTEM NAME = “XXXXXXXX..XXXXXXXX”...

  • Page 114: Atm Configuration

    TFTP ATM Configuration Description FIELD IDENTIFIER and VALUEs System ATM Address: SYSTEM ATM ADDRESS = “XXXXXXXX..XXXXXXXX” Allowable configuration data: A maximum of forty (40) ASCII digits Default Value: NULL STRING Exceptions: For PVC systems only System VPI SYSTEM VPI = XXXX Allowable configuration data: A numeric value ranging from 0 - 255 Default Value:...

  • Page 115: Ethernet Configuration

    Operations Manual Ethernet Configuration Description FIELD IDENTIFIER and VALUEs System Ethernet Forwarding Mode FORWARDING = STORE AND FORWARD Allowable configuration data: STORE AND FORWARD, CUT THROUGH Default Value: STORE AND FORWARD System Ethernet LED Mode LED MODE = TRANSMIT Indication Allowable configuration data: TRANSMIT, COLLISION Default Value:...
  • Page 116 TFTP Bridge Hello Time: ST HELLO TIME [1] = 2 ([ELAN number] = value) ST HELLO TIME [2] = 2 ST HELLO TIME [64] = 2 Allowable configuration data: A numeric value ranging from 0 - 10 Default Value: Bridge Forwarding Delay: ST FWD DELAY [1] = 15 ([Bridge number] = value) ST FWD DELAY [2] = 15...
  • Page 117 Operations Manual ATM Port Cost: ST ATM PORT COST [1] = 6 ([ELAN number] = value) ST ATM PORT COST [2] = 6 ST ATM PORT COST [64] = 6 Allowable configuration data: A numeric value ranging from 0 - 65535 Default Value: Spanning Tree Port to Elan: ST PORT ELAN [1] = 1 ([Port number] = then...

  • Page 118: Elan/Vlan Definition

    TFTP Spanning Tree Port Priority: ST PORT PRIORITY [1] = 255 ([Port number] = Value) ST PORT PRIORITY [2] = 255 ST PORT PRIORITY [16] = 255 Allowable configuration data: A numeric value ranging from 0 - 255 Default Value: Spanning Tree Port Enabled: ST PORT ENABLED [1] = DISABLED ([Port number] = Value)
  • Page 119 Operations Manual Port to ELAN Configuration: PORT ELAN ID [1] = 1 ([Port number] = Elan number) PORT ELAN ID [2] = 2 PORT ELAN ID [16] = 1 Allowable configuration data: A port number 1 - 16 followed by an ELAN/VLAN number 1 - 64 Default Value: Elan 1...
  • Page 120 Allowable configuration data : A maximum of forty (40) ASCII digits Default Value : NULL STRING Exceptions: For AT-S13 only Secondary LECS ATM Address SECONDARY LECS ATM ADDRESS = “XXXXXXXX..XXXXXXXX” Allowable configuration data : A maximum of forty (40) ASCII digits...

  • Page 121: Lan Emulation

    Appendix B LAN Emulation ATI’s ATM software implements ATM Forum’s Lan Emulation Client (LEC). LEC implementation, in turn, conforms to the Lan Emulation Specification 1.0. That is, your switch implements LEC functionality between a legacy Ethernet device and an ATM network. This is important since connection to the LAN Emulation Service (LES) is through LECs.
  • Page 122 LAN Emulation That is, when a LEC is presented with a frame for transmission whose LAN destination is unknown to that client, it must issue a LAN emulation address resolution protocol request frame to the LES over its control point-to-point VCC.

  • Page 123: Lane

    Operations Manual LANE LANE allows you to create multiple different ELANs within the network. The following diagram shows how one LAN host communicates to another LAN Host. LANE allows existing LANs to use ATM as a transit path between similar LAN types.
  • Page 124 LAN Emulation The following diagram shows how an Ethernet host communicates to an ATM host using LANE. Layer Note that, in switched virtual connection (SVC) environments, LANE entities (e.g., LEC, LES and BUS) set up connections between each other using UNI signaling and a best effort quality of service.

  • Page 125: Components Of Lane

    Operations Manual Components of LANE LANE has been subdivided into four major components, each of which will be discussed: 1. LAN Emulation Client (LEC) 2. LAN Emulation Services — Lan Emulation Server (LES) — Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS) — Lan Emulation Configuration Server (LECS) The components of an Emulated LAN network include Clients (e.g., ATM workstations and ATM bridges) and the components of the LAN Emulation Services.

  • Page 126: Lan Emulation Services

    LAN Emulation Note that each ATM end-system can simultaneously be members of several Emulated LANs. In these situations the End System would contain several LECs, one for each Emulated LAN using a unique MAC address to join different ELANs. LEC software bridges data frames between Ethernet ports on the same ELAN.
  • Page 127 Operations Manual A BUS must always exist in the Emulated LAN and all LECs must join its distribution group. In an SVC environment, the BUS needs to participate in the LE Address Resolution Protocol (LE_ARP) to enable a LEC to locate the BUS. The BUS also handles ATM connections and manages its distribution group.
  • Page 128 LAN Emulation The LECS implements the assignment of individual LE clients to different emulated LANs. A LEC can either obtain the information from the LECS using the configuration protocol, or from its own database. It assigns any client which requests configuration information to a particular emulated LAN service by giving the client the LES’s ATM address.

  • Page 129: Connections

    Operations Manual Note that while a unique LES and BUS pair must exist for each ELAN/ VLAN, only one LECS is required in the network itself. Connections Each LEC has separate VCCs to control address resolution requests and data traffic. While each VCC carries traffic for only one ELAN, the VCCs form a mesh of connections between the LECs and the other LANE entities including the LECS, LES and the BUS.

  • Page 131: Mibs

    Appendix C MIBs Management Information Base (MIB) documents are defined by the IEEE in “Requests For Comments” (RFCs). The core of the industry-standard SNMP MIB, MIB II (RFC 1213), contains general variables relating to IP, TCP, and UDP statistics for network devices such as repeaters, routers, and gateways.

  • Page 132: Snmp Primitives

    MIBs RFC 1695—ATM MIB ATM Forum—UNI (User-to-Network Interface) MIB ATM Forum—Interim Layer Management Interface (ILMI MIB) ATM Forum 94-0737R2—LAN Emulation Client Many parameters are described by existing MIB documents. The meanings of those parameters are not always implemented exactly; instead, the parameters are treated as best as can be correlated. In addition to SNMP and TFTP, the switch employs the following protocols, as part of its software interface with an NMS: UDP - User Datagram Protocol, RFC 768...

  • Page 133: Mib Types

    Operations Manual MIB Types The MIB definitions in this document may reference the primitive types that are described in the Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets, RFC 1155. RFC 1155 is based on the Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One, ASN.1. The primitive types are described in the following Table.

  • Page 134: Tcp/Ip Mib-Ii

    MIBs 3. Obtain the current value of certain parameters and simultaneously change the value of other parameters - the NMS uses the SetRequest PDU, and the switch responds with a GetResponse PDU. For the parameters which are being obtained rather than changed, the NMS must use the ASN.1 NULL value with the SetRequest PDU.

  • Page 135: Ip Address Translation Table

    Operations Manual IP Address The TCP/IP IP address translation table contains mappings of Internet addresses to MAC addresses, except for the Internet addresses itself. Translation Table The parameters are Read/Write, according to TCP/IP MIB-II; however, the switch has the restriction that a dynamic entry should not be modified, except to be made “invalid”...
  • Page 136 MIBs snmpInBadCommunityUses{snmp 5} Counter Read-Only The number of SNMP PDUs received by the AT-4016TR which had an authentication failure. snmpInASNParseErrs {snmp 6} Counter Read-Only The number of SNMP PDUs received by the AT-4016TR which had an ASN.1 parsing error while being decoded by the AT-4016TR. snmpInBadTypes {snmp 7} Counter Read-Only...
  • Page 137 Operations Manual snmpInSetRequests {snmp 17} Counter Read-Only The total number of SNMP SetRequest PDUs received by the AT-4016TR, which have been processed with no errors. snmpInGetResponses {snmp 18} Counter Read-Only Always zero, since the AT-4016TR ignores all SNMP response PDUs. snmpInTraps {snmp 19} Counter Read-Only...

  • Page 138: Ethernet Mib

    MIBs snmpOutTraps {snmp 29} Counter Read-Only The total number of SNMP Trap PDUs created by the AT-4016TR. snmpEnableAuthenTraps {snmp 30} Integer Read-Write Whether authentication failures should cause the AT-4016TR to generate authentication-failure Trap PDUs. Values include: enabled (1) generate traps disabled (2) do not generate traps Ethernet MIB...
  • Page 139 Operations Manual linkDown (2) A port has failed, and the local management agent has disabled usage of the port. The “variable-bind- ings” portion of the trap contains the ifIndex of the port. linkUp (3) A port has come back to life, and the local management agent has re-enabled usage of the port.

  • Page 141: Glossary

    Appendix D Glossary 10Base-T—IEEE 802.3 UTP Ethernet. Low-cost Level 3 or better UTP wiring affords 100 meters (328 ft.) of point-to-point link segments. UTP uses RJ45 connectors and sometimes 50-pin AMP connectors to a patch panel and runs at 10 MHz. ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL (ARP)—The procedures and messages in any communications protocol which resolve local addresses to those of the network.
  • Page 142 Glossary CROSSOVER—Wiring used when connecting a 10Base-T MAU to another 10Base-T MAU or a 10Base-T hub to another 10Base-T hub. For example, one 10Base-T MAU has the TD pair on the same pins as another 10Base-T MAU. If pins were wired straight, there would be two transmitters on one pair and no receiver.
  • Page 143 Operations Manual LAN EMULATION CLIENT (LEC)—ATM Forum-defined specifications in support of LAN-to-LAN connectivity, called LAN Emulation. LEC defines that set of functions implemented in a LAN DTE to interface with an ATM network in support of LAN Emulation. LAN EMULATION SERVER (LES)—LES defines that set of functions implemented in an ATM network in support of LAN-to-LAN connection establishment.
  • Page 144 Glossary NETWORK SERVICES ACCESS POINT (NSAP)—OSI generic standard for a network address consisting of 20 octets. ATM has specified E.164 for public network addressing and the NSAP address structure for private network addresses. PATCH PANEL—A 10Base-T patch panel may be used between a punch-down block and UTP workstation.
  • Page 145 Operations Manual SONET—See Synchronous Optical Network. STANDALONE—Repeater operating as a hub on its own; i.e., not a module among other modules in a department concentrator chassis. STRAIGHT-THROUGH—A type of wiring connection where the pins of one connector connect to the same pins of another connector. For example, pin 1 of one connector connects to pin 1 of another connector.
  • Page 146 Glossary UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP)—A cable used in 10Base-T wiring that consists of at least two twisted pairs of 22 to 26 AWG wire. The pairs should have at least 3 twists per foot and have an impedance of 100 W. Level 3, Level 4 and Level 5 UTP cables fit these criteria.

  • Page 147: Technical Support Fax Order

    Appendix E Technical Support Fax Order Name _______________________________ _ ___________________________________ Company ____________________________ _ ___________________________________ Address _____________________________ _ ___________________________________ City ____________________State/Province____________ Zip/Postal Code __________ Country _______________________ Phone______________________ Fax _________ Incident Summary Model number of Allied Telesyn product I am using _____________________________ Firmware release number of Allied Telesyn product _____________________________ Other network software products I am using (e.g., network managers) ____________________________________ _ ___________________________________...

  • Page 149: Where To Find Us

    Technical Bulletin Board Service 1 (206) 483-7979 CompuServe Go ALLIED World Wide Web http://www.alliedtelesyn.com For Information Regarding Allied Telesyn International Corp. Allied Telesyn International Corp. Allied Telesyn International Corp. 19015 North Creek Parkway Suite 200 950 Kifer Road Bothell, WA 98011...
  • Page 151 Bridge Address Table 7 Ethernet addresses 67 Bridge priority 82 Bridge Protocol Data Units 25 firmware Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) 80 AT-S13 89 Bulletin board service xii Forwarding delay 85 forwarding mode 30 cabling frame statistics menu 43 10BASE-T 24...
  • Page 152 Index IEEE 802.1d 8, 79 Omega management software 9, 10 ILMI 6 Interface Autosense 29 Password protection 9, 16 interface autosense 29 PCMCIA port 90 Interface column 26 port status 24 Internet xii port status menu Internet access xiii link 24 Internet Server 92 polarity 26 status 25...
  • Page 153 Operations Manual terminal configuration menu ANSI 32 custom terminal configuration 33 data rate 35 generic 32 terminal emulator program 11, 18 transparent bridge 7 TurboStack Segmented Backplane 26 UNI 3.0 57 UNI 3.1 57 Virtual Circuit Information (VCI) 75 Web Site xiii Well Known LECS 68 wiring 24, 26...

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