Related Manuals for Energizer PP355
Summary of Contents for Energizer PP355
- Page 1 Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic Handbook Including performance and design data for the PP355 ...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic Handbook Battery Overview ... 3 1. 1.1 Zinc Air Chemistry ... 3 1.2 Construction .. 3 1.3 Features of Zinc Air Prismatic ... 4 1.4 Zinc Air Prismatic Battery Sizes ... 6 2. PP355 Performance Characteristics ... 7 2.1 Performance at Standard Conditions .. 7 2.2 Performance at Other Environmental Conditions ... 8 2.3 Pulse Capability ... 9 2.4 Service Maintenance .. 10 2.5 Activation Time and Air Requirements ... 11 3. Application and Design Considerations ... 12 3.1 Air Management ... 12 3.2 Elements of Air Management ... 13 3.3 Battery Compartment ... 14 3.4 Multi‐Battery Applications ... 16 3.5 Recommended Cutoff Voltage .. 16 3.6 Fuel Gauging .. 16 4. Handling Procedures ... 17 4.1 Recommended Operating and Storage Conditions ... 17 4.2 Polarity Markings ... 17 4.3 Safety ... 17 4.4 Battery Disposal ... 17 ENERGIZER BATTERY MANUFACTURING VERSION 1.2 P a g e... -
Page 3: Battery Overview
Zinc Air chemistry provides the highest available energy density compared to other commercially available batteries. Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic batteries employ technology similar to what is used in hearing aid batteries, but with a thin prismatic form factor ... -
Page 4: Features Of Zinc Air Prismatic
The thinnest round cell available is the AAAA battery at approximately 8 mm, and many Lithium Ion rechargeable solutions have a thickness of 5 mm. Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic batteries also offer the opportunity to significantly lower manufacturer costs. It is likely that the cost of a Zinc Air Prismatic battery solution will be less than the cost of a Lithium Ion battery. Adding to the cost of a Lithium Ion solution is the cost of circuitry for charge and ... - Page 5 Polymer Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic batteries have an operating voltage similar to Alkaline, which is between 1.10 and 1.30 volts depending on the drain rate of the device. The discharge profile however is relatively flat similar to rechargeable Nickel Metal Hydride batteries. Figure 4 contains examples of ...
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Page 6: Zinc Air Prismatic Battery Sizes
1.4 ‐‐ Zinc Air Prismatic Battery Sizes Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic batteries provide an ideal form factor for devices with a thin profile. The family of battery sizes is shown in Figure 5, ranging from AAA Alkaline volume equivalent to ½ the AAAA Alkaline volume equivalent. Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic battery nomenclature is determined by the IEC standard. The first ‘P’ indicates Zinc Air chemistry, the second ‘P’ indicates the prismatic form factor, ... -
Page 7: Pp355 Performance Characteristics
Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic batteries significantly outperform existing Alkaline cylindrical solutions of equivalent volume. To demonstrate this advantage, Figure 7 shows how PP355 and AAAA Alkaline batteries perform on the same continuous power tests. The PP355 lasts longer than the alkaline AAAA even though the volumes of both battery types are approximately the same at 2.37 cc and 2.2 cc, ... -
Page 8: Performance At Other Environmental Conditions
Understanding the environmental conditions that a battery might encounter is critical to estimating battery performance. A study was done at Energizer to determine realistic extreme conditions for battery testing, using climate data from 61 cities across the globe. These cities represent the major ... -
Page 9: Pulse Capability
Air holds less moisture as temperature decreases, and the difference between low and high relative humidity becomes less significant. At 0°C, the difference between the humidity of the PP355 and the environment is negligible. While the service obtained from a PP355 at temperatures lower than standard conditions is less, the loss is similar to Alkaline batteries. In general the “up to 3X” service ... -
Page 10: Service Maintenance
Figure 8: Pulse Capability of PP355 Batteries 0.01 0.001 0.0001 2.4 ‐‐ Service Maintenance Zinc Air batteries are stored with adhesive backed tabs prior to use. These tabs seal the air holes against oxygen and water ingress. To obtain the full battery performance, the tab should be removed only immediately prior to use. When the battery is sealed by the tab, service loss due to self discharge is ... -
Page 11: Activation Time And Air Requirements
When batteries are stored with the adhesive tab intact, they have a lower open circuit voltage (OCV) since the oxygen contained in the battery is consumed during storage. When the tab is removed the OCV will rise as oxygen activates the air electrode. With multiple air holes for added rate capability, the PP355 may take a couple of seconds to air up enough to sustain a 50 mW load above 1 volt. Based on the time it will take a consumer to remove the tab, insert the battery into the device, close the battery compartment, the battery should be ready to support the device load when the user turns on the ... -
Page 12: Application And Design Considerations
Throttling is a technique to permanently restrict air access to only what is needed by the battery in a specific application. Throttling is most appropriate in devices that require a small portion of the maximum current that a battery can sustain. For example, a device might require 10 mA of current compared to the maximum of 100 mA that a PP355 can sustain. This technique works best for devices that have a low average drain rate with little increased power needs. By restricting the air access to the battery, the performance life can be extended. ... -
Page 13: Elements Of Air Management
The slide switch could be mechanically manipulated by the user or electronically controlled by the device. ENERGIZER BATTERY MANUFACTURING high degree of air management needed, cell has high air access but is expected to be in service with long periods of “off” ... -
Page 14: Battery Compartment
Air Prismatic batteries in a similar fashion to AA and AAA replaceable batteries with no additional actions required other than removing the tab from the Zinc Air Prismatic battery prior to use. Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic batteries are electrically conductive on all surfaces, and flat battery contacts are recommended. Leaf spring contacts are preferred over coil springs as coil springs are more prone to shorting. Positive contact should be made at the positive (+) can sidewall rather than on the air hole side of the battery to prevent unwanted air flow restrictions to the air holes. Negative contact should be centered on the negative (‐) cup bottom (non air hole side of battery) in such a way as to minimize potential shorting between the negative cup and the positive can sidewall. Figure 13 illustrates the ... - Page 15 An example of mechanical reversal protection is a design feature in the battery compartment that only allows the battery to be inserted with the correct polarity. This can be accomplished by including a raised lip or ridge that conforms to the battery contour when inserted in the correct polarity. The recommended location of the rib for Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic batteries is where the recessed edge around the non air hole side of the battery fits into the compartment. ...
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Page 16: Multi-Battery Applications
Additionally, stacked batteries require space above the air hole side of each battery. If two batteries are stacked with the air hole sides facing each other, then a single air plenum can be used. 3.5 ‐‐ Recommended Cutoff Voltage The recommended end of life for Zinc Air batteries is at 0.9 volts where essentially all available capacity has been used. Below 0.9 volts additional chemical reactions may take place in the battery which can lead to increased potential for gassing and leakage. Energizer recommends that devices are designed to prevent the battery from being discharged below 0.9 volts. This can be accomplished preferably by a complete disconnect of the battery circuit or by using a low voltage battery warning. 3.6 ‐‐ Fuel Gauging Zinc Air Prismatic batteries have a relatively flat discharge curve compared to existing Alkaline solutions, with the discharge curve sloping more at increased discharge rates. This can be seen in Figure 4 and ... -
Page 17: Handling Procedures
Section 4: Handling Procedures 4.1 ‐‐ Recommended Operating and Storage Conditions For optimum performance and capacity retention, Zinc Air Prismatic batteries should be used in a temperature range of ‐10⁰C to 55⁰C and in a relative humidity range of 25% to 80%. Zinc Air batteries should be stored between 10°C and 30°C and at 40% to 70% relative humidity. Batteries should be stored with the tab in place to prevent performance degradation due to environmental exposure. As with any chemical system, high temperature storage will result in increased loss of capacity. 4.2 ‐‐ Polarity Markings The adhesive tab of the battery covers the positive can contact and is marked with a positive polarity (+) mark. In addition, a negative polarity (‐) marking is etched on the metal cup to help users correctly insert the battery into the device battery compartment. 4.3 ‐‐ Safety Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic batteries undergo safety and abuse testing according to alkaline and zinc air industry standards. Some of the tests performed include multiple temperature cycling, deep discharge, direct short, thermal abuse, abusive charge. Safety test performance is consistent with that of standard alkaline and indicates no safety concerns. Under standard conditions, minimal hydrogen gas can be generated as in other alkaline cells and cell thickness may increase slightly. Under abusive conditions, leakage is more likely to occur with increased cell thickness. In situations where the battery is operating or stored in temperatures and humidity outside the recommended ranges in Section 4.1, or under abusive conditions, the battery may produce a small amount of white precipitate (salting) on the crimp of the battery. Energizer recommends that the battery be disposed of if and when salting is observed. Exposed skin or clothing should be cleansed with cool soapy water. Because of their size, Zinc Air Prismatic batteries pose a swallowing / choking hazard. If batteries are swallowed, immediately contact the National Capital Poison Center collect at 202‐625‐3333 for medical advice. 4.4 ‐‐ Battery Disposal Energizer does not add mercury or cadmium to Zinc Air Prismatic batteries therefore they are exempt ...