802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree - D-Link DES-3226S User Manual

Additional criteria are applied to the forwarding decision. Depending on what header information is being examined,
forwarding is permitted or denied based on the packet's source or destination, its protocol classification, DiffServ code, 802.1p
level or VLAN.
Routine Packet Filtering
Some filtering is done automatically by the Switch in the course of other routing functions. These routine functions
include:
•
Dynamic filtering as a function of automatic learning and aging of MAC addresses.
•
The 802.1d and 802.1w Spanning Tree Protocols filter packets based on topology to prevent loops.
•
Filtering done for VLAN integrity.
Some filtering requires the manual entry of information into a filtering table:
MAC address filtering – the manual entry of specific MAC addresses to be filtered from the network. Packets sent from one
manually entered MAC address can be filtered from the network. The entry may be specified as either a source, a destination,
or both.

802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree

The Switch implements two versions of the Spanning Tree Protocol, the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) as defined by
the IEE 802.1w specification and a version compatible with the IEEE 802.1d STP. RSTP can operate with legacy equipment
implementing IEEE 802.1d, however the advantages of using RSTP will be lost.
The IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) evolved from the 802.1d STP standard. RSTP was developed in order
to overcome some limitations of STP that impede the function of some recent Switching innovations, in particular, certain
Layer 3 function that are increasingly handled by Ethernet Switches. The basic function and much of the terminology is the
same as STP. Most of the settings configured for STP are also used for RSTP. This section introduces some new Spanning
Tree concepts and illustrates the main differences between the two protocols.
Port Transition States
An essential difference between the two protocols is in the way ports transition to a forwarding state and the in the way this
transition relates to the role of the port (forwarding or not forwarding) in the topology. RSTP combines the transition states
disabled, blocking and listening used in 802.1d and creates a single state Discarding. In either case, ports do not forward
packets; in the STP port transition states disabled, blocking or listening or in the RSTP port state discarding there is no
functional difference, the port is not active in the network topology. The table below compares how the two protocols differ
regarding the port state transition.
Both protocols calculate a stable topology in the same way. Every segment will have a single path to the root bridge. All
bridges listen for BPDU packets. However, BPDU packets are sent more frequently – with every Hello packet. BPDU packets
are sent even if a BPDU packet was not received. Therefore, each link between bridges are sensitive to the status of the link.
Ultimately this difference results faster detection of failed links, and thus faster topology adjustment. A drawback of 802.1d is
this absence of immediate feedback from adjacent bridges.
Table 1. Comparing Port States
RSTP is capable of more rapid transition to a forwarding state – it no longer relies on timer configurations – RSTP compliant
bridges are sensitive to feedback from other RSTP compliant bridge links. Ports do not need to wait for the topology to
stabilize before transitioning to a forwarding state. In order to allow this rapid transition, the protocol introduces two new
variables: the edge port and the point-to-point (P2P) port.
Edge Port
DES-3226S Layer 2 Fast Ethernet Switch User's Guide
802.1d STP 802.1w RSTP
Disabled Discarding
Blocking Discarding
Listening Discarding
Learning Learning
Forwarding Forwarding
Forwarding?
No
No
No
No
Yes
28
Learning?
No
No
No
Yes
Yes