Ublox MAX-M10 Integration Manual

Standard precision gnss module

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MAX-M10M

Standard precision GNSS module

Professional grade

Integration manual

Abstract

This document describes the features and application of the u-blox MAX-

M10M module. The MAX-M10M module provides an ultra-low-power

standard precision GNSS receiver for high-performance asset-tracking

applications.

www.u-blox.com

UBX-22038241 - R02

C1-Public

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Summary of Contents for Ublox MAX-M10

Page 1  MAX-M10M Standard precision GNSS module Professional grade Integration manual Abstract This document describes the features and application of the u-blox MAX- M10M module. The MAX-M10M module provides an ultra-low-power standard precision GNSS receiver for high-performance asset-tracking applications. www.u-blox.com UBX-22038241 - R02 C1-Public...
Page 2 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Document information Title MAX-M10M Subtitle Standard precision GNSS module Document type Integration manual Document number UBX-22038241 Revision and date 01-Jun-2023 Disclosure restriction C1-Public This document applies to the following products: Product name Type number FW version IN/PCN reference RN reference MAX-M10M MAX-M10M-00B-01 ROM SPG 5.10...
Page 3: Table Of Contents
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Contents 1 System description.......................6 1.1 Overview..............................6 1.2 Architecture..............................6 1.2.1 Block diagram..........................6 1.3 Pin assignment............................7 2 Receiver conﬁguration......................9 2.1 Basic receiver conﬁguration........................9 2.1.1 Basic hardware conﬁguration...................... 9 2.1.2 Internal LNA mode conﬁguration....................9 2.1.3 GNSS signal conﬁguration......................10 2.1.4 Communication interface conﬁguration.................
Page 4 MAX-M10M - Integration manual 3.7.3 Navigation epochs........................44 3.7.4 iTow timestamps..........................45 3.7.5 Time validity..........................45 3.7.6 UTC representation........................46 3.7.7 Leap seconds..........................46 3.7.8 Date ambiguity..........................47 3.8 Time mark........................47 3.9 Time pulse........................48 3.9.1 Recommendations........................49 3.9.2 Time pulse conﬁguration......................50 3.10 Time maintenance....................51 3.10.1 Real-time clock...........................51 3.10.2 Time assistance.........................51...
Page 5 MAX-M10M - Integration manual 5.1 Safety..............................75 5.1.1 ESD precautions...........................75 5.1.2 Safety precautions........................75 5.2 Packaging............................... 76 5.2.1 Reels..............................76 5.2.2 Tapes...............................76 5.2.3 Moisture sensitivity level......................77 5.3 Soldering..............................77 Appendix............................ 81 A Migration..............................81 A.1 Hardware changes.......................... 81 A.2 Software changes........................... 82 B Reference designs............................84 B.1 Typical design..........................
Page 6: System Description
MAX-M10M - Integration manual 1 System description This section gives an overview of the MAX-M10M receiver, and outlines the basics of operation with the receiver. 1.1 Overview MAX-M10M module features the u-blox M10 standard precision GNSS platform and provides exceptional sensitivity and acquisition time for all L1 GNSS signals. The M10 platform supports concurrent reception of four GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou).
Page 7: Pin Assignment
MAX-M10M - Integration manual 1.3 Pin assignment Figure 2: MAX-M10M pin assignment Pin no. Name PIO no. I/O Description Remarks Connect to GND UART TX If not used, leave open. Alternative functions UART RX If not used, leave open. Alternative functions TIMEPULSE Time pulse signal See section TIMEPULSE...
Page 8 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Pin no. Name PIO no. I/O Description Remarks VIO_SEL Voltage selector for Connect to GND for 1.8 V supply, or leave open for 3.3 V_IO supply V supply I2C data If not used, leave open. Alternative functions I2C clock If not used, leave open.
Page 9: Receiver Configuration
MAX-M10M - Integration manual 2 Receiver conﬁguration The conﬁguration determines all aspects of the GNSS receiver operation and therefore this section is essential reading for the successful integration of the MAX-M10M. MAX-M10M is conﬁgured using UBX conﬁguration interface keys. The conﬁguration database in the receiver's RAM holds the current conﬁguration, which is used by the receiver at runtime.
Page 10: Gnss Signal Configuration
MAX-M10M - Integration manual The internal LNA mode can be conﬁgured at run time in BBR and RAM memory using the conﬁguration item CFG-HW-RF_LNA_MODE and applying a software reset by sending UBX-CFG- RST message. Refer to Forcing receiver reset for more information. The internal LNA mode can also be permanently conﬁgured in the receiver's one-time programmable (OTP) memory.
Page 11: Communication Interface Configuration
MAX-M10M - Integration manual It is recommended to enable QZSS L1C/A when GPS L1C/A is enabled in order to mitigate possible cross-correlation issues between the signals. Refer to the Interface description [3] for more information on the CFG-SIGNAL-* conﬁguration group. 2.1.3.1 BeiDou B1I and B1C signals BeiDou B1I and B1C signals diﬀer in terms of the center frequency, bandwidth, and modulation.
Page 12: Antenna Supervisor Configuration
MAX-M10M - Integration manual The message output rate is related to the frequency of an event. For example, the output message UBX-NAV-PVT (position, velocity, and time solution) is related to the navigation event, which generates a navigation epoch. In this case, the rate for each navigation epoch is deﬁned by the conﬁguration keys CFG-RATE-MEAS and CFG-RATE-NAV.
Page 13: High Performance Navigation Update Rate Configuration
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Conﬁguration item Description Comments CFG-HW-ANT_CFG_OPENDET Enable open circuit detection CFG-HW-ANT_CFG_OPENDET_POL Open antenna detection polarity Set to 1 if the required logic polarity is active-low (default). CFG-HW-ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN Power down antenna supply if short Requires CFG-HW- circuit is detected ANT_CFG_VOLTCTRL and CFG-HW- ANT_CFG_SHORTDET to be enabled.
Page 14: Navigation Configuration
MAX-M10M - Integration manual rate. This supports the high performance navigation update rate with minor increase in power consumption. For the high navigation update rates, increase the communication speed and reduce the number of enabled messages. The high performance navigation update rate can be conﬁgured in the device's one-time programmable (OTP) memory.
Page 15: Navigation Input Filters
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Platform Description Pedestrian Applications with low acceleration and speed, e.g. how a pedestrian would move. Low acceleration assumed. Automotive Used for applications with equivalent dynamics to those of a passenger car. Low vertical acceleration assumed. At sea Recommended for applications at sea, with zero vertical velocity. Zero vertical velocity assumed. Sea level assumed.
Page 16: Navigation Output Filters
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Conﬁguration item Description CFG-NAVSPG-INFIL_NCNOTHRS, A navigation solution will only be attempted if there is at least the given number of CFG-NAVSPG-INFIL_CNOTHRS satellites with signals at least as strong as the given threshold. Table 9: Navigation input ﬁlter parameters If the receiver has only three satellites for calculating a position, the navigation algorithm uses a constant altitude to compensate for the missing fourth satellite.
Page 17: Static Hold
MAX-M10M - Integration manual 2.2.4.3 Low-speed course over ground ﬁlter The CFG-ODO-USE_COG conﬁguration item activates this feature and the CFG-ODO- COGMAXSPEED, CFG-ODO-COGMAXPOSACC conﬁguration items are used to conﬁgure a low- speed course over ground ﬁlter (also named heading of motion 2D). This ﬁlter derives the course over ground from position at very low speed.
Page 18: Freezing The Course Over Ground
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 4: Flowchart of static hold mode 2.2.6 Freezing the course over ground If the low-speed course over ground ﬁlter is deactivated or inactive (see section Low-speed course over ground ﬁlter), the receiver derives the course over ground from the GNSS velocity information. If the velocity cannot be calculated with suﬃcient accuracy (for example, with bad signals) or if the absolute speed value is very low (under 0.1 m/s) then the course over ground value becomes inaccurate too.
Page 19: Super-Signal (Super-S) Technology
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 5: Flowchart of course over ground freezing 2.2.7 Super-Signal (Super-S) technology In normal operating conditions, low signal strength (that is, signal attenuation) indicates possible degradation due to multi-path. The receiver trusts such signals less in order to preserve the quality of the position solution in poor signal environments.
Page 20: Receiver Functionality
MAX-M10M - Integration manual 3 Receiver functionality This section provides a description of the receiver's functionality. 3.1 Augmentation systems 3.1.1 SBAS MAX-M10M is capable of receiving multiple SBAS signals concurrently, even from diﬀerent SBAS systems (WAAS, EGNOS, etc.). SBAS signals are recommended to be used only for correction data. SBAS signals can also be used for navigation, however they have low weighting and therefore only a minor impact on the navigation solution.
Page 21: Qzss Slas
MAX-M10M - Integration manual • Example 1 - SBAS receiver in North America: In eastern parts of North America, make sure that EGNOS satellites do not take preference over WAAS satellites. The satellite signals from the EGNOS system should be disallowed by using the PRN scan mask (conﬁguration key CFG- SBAS-PRNSCANMASK).
Page 22: Communication Interfaces And Pios
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Message type Message content Test mode Monitoring station information PRN mask Data issue number DGPS correction Satellite health Table 12: Supported QZSS L1S SLAS messages for navigation enhancement Use the conﬁguration key CFG-SIGNAL-QZSS_L1S_ENA to enable QZSS L1S signal. For further QZSS SLAS functionality, use the CFG-QZSS-USE_SLAS* conﬁguration keys.
Page 23: I2C
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Baud rate Data bits Parity Stop bits 230400 none 460800 none 921600 none Table 14: Possible UART interface conﬁgurations Allow a short time delay of typically 100 ms between sending a baud rate change message and providing input data at the new rate. Otherwise some input characters may be ignored or the port could be disabled until the interface is able to process the new baud rate.
Page 24 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 6: I2C register layout 3.2.2.2 Read access types The host can choose one of the following two modes: • Random read access: the master ﬁrst reads the number of available bytes at the 0xFD and 0xFE before accessing the data at 0xFF. •...
Page 25 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 7: I2C random read access If "current address" is used, an address pointer in the receiver is used to determine which register to read. This address pointer will increment after each read operation unless it is already pointing at register 0xFF, the highest addressable register, in which case it remains unaltered.
Page 26: Pios
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Following the start condition from the master, the 7-bit device address and the RW bit (which is a logic low for write access) are clocked onto the bus by the master transmitter. The receiver answers with an acknowledge (logic low) response to indicate that it is responsible for the given address. The master can write 2 to N bytes to the receiver, generating a stop condition after the last byte being written.
Page 27 MAX-M10M - Integration manual The TIMEPULSE and SAFEBOOT_N functions share the same internal IC function. If this pin is low at receiver startup, the receiver will enter safeboot mode. However, in normal operation the pin outputs the time pulse signal. Make sure there is no load on this pin that could pull it low at startup.
Page 28: Antenna
MAX-M10M - Integration manual ready feature with a message output rate of less than once per second, and fetching data only when available, determined by the TX_READY pin becoming active. 3.3 Antenna This section explains the antenna supervisor feature and the available implementation options. 3.3.1 Antenna supervisor An active antenna supervisor provides the means to check the antenna for open and short circuits and to shut oﬀ...
Page 29 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 10 presents the required three-pin antenna supervisor circuit and subsequent sections describe how to enable and monitor each feature. Figure 10: MAX-M10M three-pin antenna supervisor Table 16 presents a list of the external components required for implementing the three-pin antenna supervisor design in Figure 10.
Page 30 MAX-M10M - Integration manual The open drain buﬀers shown in Figure 10 are not needed if V_ANT is the same voltage level as V_IO. 3.3.1.2 Two-pin antenna supervisor The reduced functionality antenna supervisor circuit is connected to two signals: antenna control (ANT_OFF_N) and antenna status detection (ANT_SHORT_N). The ANT_OFF_N signal is already enabled and assigned to the LNA_EN pin in MAX-M10M and the ANT_SHORT_N signal can be assigned to any unused PIO, which may require disabling the previous function of the PIO.
Page 31 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Part Description Current limiter in the event of a short circuit Table 17: Components in two-pin antenna supervisor The open drain buﬀer shown in Figure 11 is not needed if V_ANT is the same voltage level as V_IO. 3.3.1.3 Antenna voltage control - ANT_OFF_N The antenna voltage control is enabled by default in MAX-M10M with the conﬁguration item CFG- HW-ANT_CFG_VOLTCTRL set to true (1).
Page 32 MAX-M10M - Integration manual If CFG-HW-ANT_CFG_PWRDOWN has been enabled previously (set to true), the polarity of the ANT_OFF_N signal changes to power down (disable) the antenna supply when a short is detected. After a detected antenna short, the reported antenna status continues to be reported as a SHORT.
Page 33 MAX-M10M - Integration manual • ANT_DETECT = active high. The pin is default high (PIO pull-up enabled, to be pulled low if the antenna is not detected). Startup message at power-up if the conﬁguration is stored: $GNTXT,01,01,02,ANTSUPERV=AC SD OD PDoS SR*15 $GNTXT,01,01,02,ANTSTATUS=INIT*3B $GNTXT,01,01,02,ANTSTATUS=OK*25 ANTSUPERV=AC SD OD PDoS SR (indicates open circuit detection added - OD) If ANT_DETECT is pulled low to indicate no antenna connected:...
Page 34: Forcing Receiver Reset
MAX-M10M - Integration manual changed, it is recommended to save the antenna supervisor conﬁguration to BBR to ensure that the updated conﬁguration is applied after a reset. Conﬁguration keys Physical antenna state Reported antenna status VOLTCTRL SHORTDET OPENDET PWRDOWN RECOVER Short circuit Open circuit antPower antStatus TRUE...
Page 35: Security
MAX-M10M - Integration manual • Controlled software reset terminates all running processes in an orderly manner. Once the system is idle, restarts the receiver operation, reloads its conﬁguration and starts to acquire and track GNSS satellites. • Controlled software reset (GNSS only) only restarts the GNSS tasks, without reinitializing the full system or reloading any stored conﬁguration.
Page 36: Power Save Mode
MAX-M10M - Integration manual downloads all the almanac data and acquires new signals as they become available during navigation. The tracking engine consumes less power than the acquisition engine. The current consumption is lower when a valid position is obtained quickly after the start of the receiver navigation, the entire almanac has been downloaded, and the ephemeris for each satellite in view is valid.
Page 37 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 12: State machine 3.6.2.2 Acquisition timeout The receiver has internal, external, and user-conﬁgurable mechanisms that determine the time to be spent in acquisition state. This logic is put in place to ensure good performance and low power consumption in diﬀerent environments and scenarios. This collective logic is referred to as acquisition timeout.
Page 38 MAX-M10M - Integration manual 3.6.2.3 Cyclic tracking Power save mode cyclic tracking (PSMCT) operation is described in Figure PSMCT supports 1 Hz and 2 Hz navigation update rates. In addition, longer update periods from 2 s to 10 s are supported at 1 s steps. Figure 13: Cyclic tracking operation •...
Page 39 MAX-M10M - Integration manual starts. Otherwise it enters the "Inactive for search" state and restarts after the conﬁgured search period (minus a startup margin). • Once the ONTIME is over, the "Inactive for update" state is entered and the receiver restarts according to the conﬁgured update grid deﬁned by GRIDOFFSET. •...
Page 40 MAX-M10M - Integration manual 3.6.2.6 Conﬁguration Power save mode (PSM) is enabled and disabled with CFG-PM-OPERATEMODE and conﬁgured with items in the CFG-PM group listed in Table When using power save mode on/oﬀ (PSMOO) operation, set the OPERATEMODE as the last PSM conﬁguration key to prevent the receiver entering the oﬀ state before all intended PSM conﬁguration keys are set.
Page 41 MAX-M10M - Integration manual MINACQTIME The receiver tries to obtain a position ﬁx for at least the time given by MINACQTIME. If the receiver determines that it needs more time for the given starting conditions then it will automatically prolong this time. If MINACQTIME is set to zero, the receiver determines the time. Once the MINACQTIME has expired, the receiver will terminate the acquisition state if either a ﬁx is achieved or if the receiver estimates that any signals received are insuﬃcient (too weak or too few) for a ﬁx to be possible.
Page 42: Backup Modes
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Almanac, ionosphere, UTC correction, and satellite health data are transmitted by all satellites simultaneously. Therefore these parameters can be downloaded when a single satellite is tracked with a suﬃciently high C/N0. Allowing more ephemerides to be downloaded before going into the "POT" or the "Inactive for update" state can help improve the quality of the ﬁxes and reduce the number of wake ups needed to download ephemerides at the cost of extra time in the "Acquisition"...
Page 43: Time
MAX-M10M - Integration manual 3.7 Time Maintaining receiver local time and keeping it synchronized with GNSS time is essential for proper timing and positioning functionality. This section explains how the receiver maintains local time and introduces the supported GNSS time bases. 3.7.1 Receiver local time The receiver is dependent on a local oscillator for both the operation of its radio parts and also for timing within its signal processing.
Page 44: Navigation Epochs
MAX-M10M - Integration manual the receiver to use GPS and GLONASS satellite signals to generate BeiDou time. This practice compromises time pulse accuracy if the receiver cannot measure the timing diﬀerence between the constellations directly and is therefore not recommended. The information that allows GNSS times to be converted to the associated UTC times is only transmitted by the GNSS at relatively infrequent periods.
Page 45: Itow Timestamps
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Depending on the conﬁguration of the receiver, such "invalid" times may well be output, but with ﬂags indicating their state (e.g. the "valid" ﬂags in UBX-NAV-PVT). To support multiple GNSS systems concurrently, u-blox receivers employ multiple GNSS system times and/or receiver local times.
Page 46: Utc Representation
MAX-M10M - Integration manual payload. When the one second ambiguity has not been resolved, the time accuracy is usually in the range of ~20s. 3.7.6 UTC representation UTC time is used in many NMEA and UBX messages. In NMEA messages it is always reported rounded to the nearest hundredth of a second.
Page 47: Date Ambiguity
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Leap second information can be polled from the receiver with the message UBX-NAV-TIMELS. 3.7.8 Date ambiguity Each navigation satellite transmits information about the current date and time in the data message. The time of week (TOW) indicates the elapsed number of seconds since the start of the week (midnight Saturday/Sunday).
Page 48: Time Pulse
MAX-M10M - Integration manual conﬁguration group. The UTC standard can be set in the CFG-NAVSPG-* conﬁguration group. The delay ﬁgures deﬁned with CFG-TP-* are also applied to the results output in the UBX-TIM-TM2 message. A UBX-TIM-TM2 message is output at the next epoch if •...
Page 49: Recommendations
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 16: Time pulse 3.9.1 Recommendations • The time pulse can be aligned to a wide variety of GNSS times or to variants of UTC derived from them (see the time bases section). However, it is strongly recommended that the choice of time base is aligned with the available GNSS signals (for example, to produce GPS time or UTC(USNO), ensure GPS signals are available, and for GLONASS time or UTC(SU) ensure the presence of GLONASS signals etc.).
Page 50: Time Pulse Configuration
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 17: Time pulse and TIM-TP 3.9.2 Time pulse conﬁguration The time pulse (TIMEPULSE) signal has conﬁgurable pulse period, length and polarity (rising or falling edge). It is possible to deﬁne diﬀerent signal behavior (i.e. output frequency and pulse length) depending on whether or not the receiver is locked to reliable time source.
Page 51: Time Maintenance
MAX-M10M - Integration manual The high and the low period of the output cannot be less than 50 ns, otherwise pulses can be lost. 3.9.2.1 Example The example below shows the 1PPS TIMEPULSE signal generated on the time pulse output according to the speciﬁc parameters of the CFG-TP-* conﬁguration group: •...
Page 52: Frequency Assistance
MAX-M10M - Integration manual delays so the accuracy of the supplied time is poor. Accuracy of the supplied time can be improved greatly if the host system has a very good sense of the current time and can deliver an exactly timed pulse to the EXTINT pin.
Page 53: Interface
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 19: PL bounding true position error 3.11.2 Interface The protection level bounds the true position error with a target misleading information risk (TMIR), for example 5% [MI/epoch] (read: 5% probability of having an MI per epoch). The target misleading information risk describes the probability per epoch of having misleading information (MI), meaning that it is not possible to bound the true position error because it is larger than the protection level (see...
Page 54: Expected Behavior
MAX-M10M - Integration manual conditions. These conditions tend to be binary in nature, such as jamming has been detected, or the minimum number of satellites is being observed. UBX-NAV-PL reports a PL validity ﬂag (see UBX- NAV-PL.plPosValid), which indicates whether the PL is usable. . The protection level performance depends on many external and internal factors.
Page 55: Authorization
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Requirements AssistNow Online AssistNow Oﬄine AssistNow Autonomous Requires external ﬂash memory Optional Optional Requires internet connection Permanently Sporadically Amount of internet data Medium High None Ephemeris in data Almanac in data Table 26: AssistNow service overview 3.12.1 Authorization To use the AssistNow services, customers will need to obtain an authorization token from u-blox.
Page 56 MAX-M10M - Integration manual will be provided by the service. This amount can be reduced by requesting lower resolution, but this will have a small negative impact on both position accuracy and TTFF. See the section on Oﬄine Service Parameters for details of how to specify these options. The downloaded AssistNow Oﬄine data is encoded in a sequence of UBX-MGA-ANO messages, one for every satellite for every day of the period covered.
Page 57 MAX-M10M - Integration manual is available. In most cases this information is likely to be available without the user needing to do anything. For example, where the receiver is connected to a battery backup power supply and has a functioning real-time clock (RTC), the receiver will keep its own sense of time and will retain the last known position and any almanac.
Page 58: Assistnow Autonomous
MAX-M10M - Integration manual • The host downloads a copy of the latest data from the AssistNow Oﬄine service and stores it locally. • Optionally it may also download a current set of almanac data from the AssistNow Online service. • The host wants to use the u-blox receiver. •...
Page 59 MAX-M10M - Integration manual • The AssistNow Autonomous subsystem automatically invalidates data that has become too old and that would introduce unacceptable positioning errors. This threshold is conﬁgurable. • The prediction quality will be automatically improved if the satellite has been observed multiple times.
Page 60 MAX-M10M - Integration manual monitor this information and only power oﬀ the receiver when the subsystem is idle (that is, when the status ﬁeld shows a steady zero). • The UBX-NAV-SAT message indicates the use of AssistNow Autonomous orbits for individual satellites. •...
Page 61: Data Batching
MAX-M10M - Integration manual available AssistNow Autonomous data will not be of any help. However, after another 12 hours, usable data would be available because it was generated 24 hours ago. The longer a receiver observes the sky, the more satellites it will have seen. At the equator, and with full sky view, approximately ten (GPS) satellites will show up in a one-hour window.
Page 62: Retrieval
MAX-M10M - Integration manual detailed information about the position ﬁxes. However, enabling the EXTRAPVT and EXTRAODO ﬂags reduces the number of ﬁxes that can be batched. The receiver will reject the conﬁguration if it cannot allocate the required buﬀer memory. To ensure robust operation of the receiver the limits in Table 29 are enforced:...
Page 63: Cloudlocate Measurements
MAX-M10M - Integration manual The receiver starts to collect measurements as soon as it ﬁnds any satellite signals. It does not need to wait for a position ﬁx for this. Collecting the measurements takes only a short time, so the application can quickly turn oﬀ the receiver or put it into a backup state. 3.14.1 CloudLocate measurements The satellite signal measurements can be requested from the receiver either as a complete or compact raw measurement message.
Page 64: Hardware Integration
MAX-M10M - Integration manual 4 Hardware integration This section explains how the receiver can be integrated into an application design. 4.1 Power supply The MAX-M10M has the following power supply pins: VCC, V_IO and V_BCKP. Power supply at VCC and V_IO must be present for normal operation. These two pins can either be connected together or supplied independently by the application.
Page 65: Supply Design Examples
MAX-M10M - Integration manual If the hardware backup mode is not used, leave the V_BCKP pin open. 4.1.4 Supply design examples The two voltage ranges for V_IO allow several combinations when designing the receiver power supply. Depending on the chosen combination, there are certain requirements to be considered. These are summarized in Table Option...
Page 66: Rf Interference
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 23: VCC and V_IO supplied by separate supplies, and external power supply at V_BCKP Figure 24: VCC and V_IO supplied by separate supplies. No external power supply at V_BCKP. 4.2 RF interference The received GNSS signal power at the antenna is very low compared to other wireless communication signals.
Page 67: Spectrum Analyzer
MAX-M10M - Integration manual products inside the GNSS receiver front-end that fall into the GNSS band and contribute to in-band interference. Measures against out-of-band interference include maintaining a good grounding concept in the design and adding a GNSS band-pass ﬁlter into the antenna input line to the receiver. The sections Out-of-band blocking immunity Out-of-band rejection...
Page 68: Rf Front-End
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 25: Spectrum analyzer view in u-center with the option view/hold selected By changing the number of constellations enabled, the span widens or narrows. This has a direct impact on the spectrum resolution, as the number of frequencies measured is ﬁxed and equals to 256.
Page 69: Out-Of-Band Blocking Immunity
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Refer to the MAX-M10M data sheet [1] for RF parameters. 4.3.2 Out-of-band blocking immunity Out-of-band RF interference may degrade the quality and availability of the navigation solution. Out-of-band immunity limit describes the maximum power allowed at the receiver RF input with no degradation in performance.
Page 70: Out-Of-Band Rejection
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Parameter Immunity level (dBm) Table 31: MAX-M10M out-of-band immunity for the low-gain mode at selected frequencies. 4.3.3 Out-of-band rejection RF interference is typically ﬁrst coupled into the antenna and subsequently conducted into the receiver input. Typical out-of-band interference sources include transmitting antennas of other radio systems.
Page 71: Layout
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 27: Antenna supply network 4.4 Layout GNSS signals on the surface of the earth have a very low signal strength and are about 15 dB below the thermal noise ﬂoor. When integrating a GNSS receiver into a PCB, the placement of the components, as well as grounding, shielding, and interference from other digital devices are crucial issues that need to be considered very carefully.
Page 72: Package Footprint, Copper And Solder Mask
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 28: GND stub ended with a via It is recommended to ground the area below the module, on the top and second layer. Avoid signal lines crossing below the module at these two layers. For the RF signal line, it is best to use the co-planar waveguide with ground on the second layer. All the RF parts need a solid GND plane underneath in order to achieve the targeted impedance in the RF signal line.
Page 73 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 29: MAX-M10M mechanical dimensions MAX form factor is 10.1 x 9.7 x 2.5 mm. All pins have 1.1 mm pitch and are 0.8 mm wide, except the 4 pads at each corner (pin 1, 9, 10, and 18) that are only 0.7 mm. Figure 30 Figure 31 describe the footprint and provide recommendations for the paste mask.
Page 74 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 30: Recommended copper land and solder mask opening for MAX-M10M To improve the wetting of the half vias, reduce the amount of solder paste under the module and increase it outside of the module by deﬁning the dimensions of the paste mask to form a T-shape (or equivalent) extending beyond the copper mask.
Page 75: Product Handling
MAX-M10M - Integration manual 5 Product handling 5.1 Safety 5.1.1 ESD precautions u-blox chips and modules contain highly sensitive electronic circuitry and are electrostatic sensitive devices (ESD). Observe precautions for handling! Failure to observe these precautions can result in severe damage to the component! Unless there is a galvanic coupling between the local GND •...
Page 76: Packaging
MAX-M10M - Integration manual 5.2 Packaging The MAX-M10M modules are delivered as hermetically sealed, reeled tapes in order to enable eﬃcient production, production lot set-up and tear-down. For more information, see the u-blox packaging information reference [4]. 5.2.1 Reels MAX-M10M modules are deliverable in quantities of pieces on a reel. They are shipped on reel type , as speciﬁed in the u-blox Packaging information reference [4].
Page 77: Moisture Sensitivity Level
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 33: Tape dimensions (mm) 5.2.3 Moisture sensitivity level The moisture sensitivity level (MSL) for MAX-M10M modules is speciﬁed in the table below. Package MSL level LCC (professional grade) Table 32: MSL level For MSL standard see IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020, and J-STD-033 that can be downloaded from www.jedec.org.
Page 78 MAX-M10M - Integration manual • Stencil: The exact geometry, distances, stencil thicknesses and solder paste volumes must be adapted to the customer's speciﬁc production processes. Reﬂow soldering A convection-type soldering oven is highly recommended over the infrared-type radiation oven. Convection-heated ovens allow precise control of the temperature, and all parts will heat up evenly, regardless of material properties, thickness of components and surface color.
Page 79 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 34: Soldering proﬁle Modules must not be soldered with a damp heat process. Optical inspection After soldering the module, consider optical inspection. Cleaning Do not clean with water, solvent, or ultrasonic cleaner: • Cleaning with water will lead to capillary eﬀects where water is absorbed into the gap between the baseboard and the module.
Page 80 MAX-M10M - Integration manual We do not recommend using a hot air gun because it is an uncontrolled process and can damage the module. Use of a hot air gun can lead to overheating and severely damage the module. Always avoid overheating the module. After the module is removed, clean the pads before reapplying solder paste, placing and reﬂow soldering a new module.
Page 81: Appendix
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Appendix A Migration u-blox is committed to ensure that products in the same form factor are backwards compatible over several technology generations. This section describes important diﬀerences to consider when migrating from u-blox M8 to u-blox M10. A.1 Hardware changes Table 33 lists the key hardware-related changes between MAX-M10M and the MAX-M8 modules.
Page 82: Software Changes
MAX-M10M - Integration manual supervisor support in MAX-M10M. Therefore in MAX-M10M, the active antenna supply and the antenna supervisor circuitry (if used) needs to be connected externally as shown in Figure Figure 35: MAX-M8 vs. MAX-M10M comparison (pin 13 - 15) Refer to MAX-M8 and MAX-M10M data sheets for details on performance comparison [1]. A.2 Software changes Table 34 presents a summary of the key software-related changes between u-blox M10 and u-blox...
Page 83 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Feature Change Action needed / Remarks BeiDou B1I BeiDou satellite IDs up to 63 supported. SBAS New SBAS PRN selection: 123, 126-129, 131, 133, 136-138. Code change (optional) QZSS L1S SLAS corrections are now applied for navigation. Code change (optional) QZSS IMES Not supported in current ﬁrmware.
Page 84: B Reference Designs
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Feature Change Action needed / Remarks Unique chip identiﬁer A unique chip identiﬁer output in boot screen and in the UBX- Code change (optional)) SEC-UNIQID message. Conﬁguration lock New security feature that is enabled with CFG-SEC-CFG_LOCK Code change (optional) message for locking the receiver conﬁguration.
Page 85 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 36: Typical 3.3 V design UBX-22038241 - R02 Appendix Page 85 of 92 C1-Public...
Page 86: Antenna Supervisor Designs
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 37: Typical 1.8 V design B.2 Antenna supervisor designs Figure 38 Figure 39 show a reference design for a 2-pin and 3-pin antenna supervisor design respectively. Here are some key features: • VCC and V_IO are connected together to a single supply. •...
Page 87 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 38: 2-pin antenna supervisor design The 2-pin antenna supervisor conﬁguration required for the Figure 38 reference design is listed in Table Conﬁguration key Value CFG-HW-ANT_CFG_VOLTCTRL 1 (true), default (no conﬁguration required) CFG-HW-ANT_SUP_SWITCH_PIN 7, default (no conﬁguration required) CFG-HW-ANT_CFG_SHORTDET 1 (true) CFG-HW-ANT_CFG_SHORTDET_POL...
Page 88 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Figure 39: 3-pin antenna supervisor design The 3-pin antenna supervisor conﬁguration required for the Figure 39 reference design is listed in Table Conﬁguration key Value CFG-I2C-ENABLED 0 (false) CFG-HW-ANT_CFG_VOLTCTRL 1 (true), default (no conﬁguration required) CFG-HW-ANT_SUP_SWITCH_PIN 7, default (no conﬁguration required) CFG-HW-ANT_CFG_SHORTDET 1 (true) CFG-HW-ANT_CFG_SHORTDET_POL...
Page 89: C External Components
MAX-M10M - Integration manual C External components This section lists the recommended values for the external components in the reference designs. C.1 Standard capacitors Table 37 presents the recommended capacitor values for MAX-M10M. Name Type / Value RF Bias-T capacitor 10 nF, 10%, 16 V, X7R Table 37: Standard capacitors C.2 Standard resistors Table 38...
Page 90: Related Documents
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Related documents MAX-M10M Data sheet, UBX-22028884 u-blox M10 SPG 5.10 Release notes, UBX-22001426 u-blox M10 SPG 5.10 Interface description, UBX-21035062 u-blox Packaging information reference, UBX-14001652 For regular updates to u-blox documentation and to receive product change notiﬁcations please register on our homepage https://www.u-blox.com.
Page 91: Revision History
MAX-M10M - Integration manual Revision history Revision Date Name Status / comments 12-Jan-2023 imar, jesk, Initial release mban, msul, rmak 01-Jun-2023 msul, imar, Added sections rmak, mban • BeiDou B1I and B1C signals. • High performance navigation update rate conﬁguration • OTP memory conﬁguration UBX-22038241 - R02 Revision history Page 91 of 92...
Page 92 MAX-M10M - Integration manual Contact u-blox AG Address: Zürcherstrasse 68 8800 Thalwil Switzerland For further support and contact information, visit us at www.u-blox.com/support. UBX-22038241 - R02 Page 92 of 92 C1-Public...

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