TSI Instruments Sizer 3310A Instruction Manual
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TSI Instruments Sizer 3310A Instruction Manual

TSI Instruments Sizer 3310A Instruction Manual

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Model 3310A
Aerodynamic Particle Sizer
Spectrometer
Instruction Manual
Introduction
Installing the Sensor
®
Description of the
Sensor
Operating the APS
Particle Coincidence
and Count Variance
Maintaining and
Servicing the APS
Troubleshooting the
Sensor
Installing the
Microcomputer
System
Basic Software
Reference Guide
Operating Basic
Software
Calibrating the APS
System
Appendixes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

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  • Page 1 Introduction Installing the Sensor Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer ® Description of the Spectrometer Sensor Instruction Manual Operating the APS Particle Coincidence and Count Variance Maintaining and Servicing the APS Troubleshooting the Sensor Installing the Microcomputer System Basic Software Reference Guide Operating Basic Software Calibrating the APS...
  • Page 2 M a n u a l H i s t o r y The following is a manual history of the Model 3310A Aerodynamic ® Particle Sizer Spectrometer (Part Number 1933766). Revision Date Revision Date Final October 1987 May 1993 January 1988 June 1993 July 1989...
  • Page 3 Part Number 1933766 / Revision J / August 2000 Copyright ©TSI Incorporated / November 1992–2000 / All rights reserved. Address TSI Incorporated / 500 Cardigan Road / P.O. Box 64394 / St. Paul, MN 55164 / Fax No. (651) 490-3860 E-mail Address particle@tsi.com Limitation of Warranty...
  • Page 4 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    C o n t e n t s Manual History................ii Warranty..................iii Safety ..................xiii About This Manual ..............xv Purpose................. xv Getting Help................xv Reusing and Recycling ............xv Submitting Comments ............xvi C h a p t e r s 1 Introduction...............
  • Page 6 6 Maintaining and Servicing the APS ........6-1 Changing the Filters............6-1 Cleaning the Nozzles ............6-3 Inner Nozzle ..............6-3 Outer Nozzle..............6-5 7 Troubleshooting the Sensor ..........7-1 8 Installing the Microcomputer System ......8-1 Unpacking ................8-1 Selecting the Line Voltage ...........
  • Page 7 Disk Errors..............10-23 Option 3 ..............10-24 Option 4 ..............10-24 Option A – Select Printer ..........10-25 Option B – Test Calibration ...........10-25 Option C – End..............10-25 Running the CREATE Program.........10-25 How the Program Works ..........10-26 Running the APSTEST Program........10-28 How the Program Works ..........10-29 11 Calibrating the APS System ..........
  • Page 8 Step 5 ................F-8 Step 6 ................F-9 Step 7 ................F-11 Step 8 ................F-12 Step 9 ................F-13 Step 10 ................F-14 Step 11 ................F-16 Step 12 ................F-16 Step 13 ................F-17 Step 14 ................F-18 Step 15 ................
  • Page 9 3-1 Front Panel of the APS 3310A; the Callouts are Explained in Table 3-1........... 3-1 3-2 Back Panel of the APS 3310A; the Callouts are Explained in Table 3-2........... 3-2 3-3 APS Flow Diagram ............3-4 3-4 Schematic of the APS Optics ..........3-5 3-5 Optical Assembly, External View........
  • Page 10 D-2 Effects of Single Particles on Mass Distribution (0.5- to 15-Micrometer Program Version) ........D-4 F-1 The APS 3310A With Noninverted Optics: a Inlet Nozzle; b Top Cover; c Side Arm; d Bottom Cover....... F-2 F-2 The APS With Inlet, Covers and Sidearm Removed.... F-3 F-3 View of Movement Restrictor From Top of APS: a Movement Restriction ..........
  • Page 11 F-19 Reconnected Flowmeter and PMT Cable and Tubing: a Flowmeter Cables, Red Spot and Blue Spot; b Sheath- Air Flowmeter Tube; c Photomultiplier Power- Supply Cable; d Analog Out Coaxial Cable; e Signal Output Cable............... F-17 F-20 Sheath-Air Tubing Connection: a Sheath-Air Flowmeter Tube................
  • Page 12 8-1 Data Analysis Center Components........8-1 8-2 Pin Connections for the Model 3310A ....... 8-2 9-1 Software Programs and Text Files ........9-1 9-2 Baud Rates on the CPU Board .......... 9-4 10-1 APS Software Keys and Their Functions......10-3 10-2 Format for Storing Data Files in Sequence .....10-14 10-3 Sample Printout from the CREATE Program ....10-28 11-1 Example of a Calibration Session for the 0.5- to...

  • Page 13: Safety

    S a f e t y W A R N I N G The use of controls, adjustments, or procedures other than those specified in this manual may result in exposure to hazardous radiation exposure. The sensor is a laser-based instrument. As such, certain precautions must be taken when using and servicing it.
  • Page 14 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 15: About This Manual

    A b o u t T h i s M a n u a l P u r p o s e The Model 3310A Instruction Manual describes how to use the ® revised version of TSI’s Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer (APS).

  • Page 16: Submitting Comments

    S u b m i t t i n g C o m m e n t s TSI values your comments and suggestions on this manual. Please use the comment sheet, on the last page of this manual, to send us your opinion on the manual’s usability, to suggest specific improvements, or to report any technical errors.

  • Page 17: Chapter S

    C H A P T E R 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n ® If you purchased a Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer system, you received the APS Advanced Software. However, this manual only covers the operation of the Model 3310A sensor with the BASIC software.
  • Page 18 In real time, the sensor measures particle aerodynamic diameter, that is, the diameter of a unit density sphere with the same settling velocity as the particle in question. Within the sensor, the particle-laden air passes through a thin- walled orifice (inner nozzle). As particles leave the inner nozzle, they are accelerated by clean sheath air and exit an outer nozzle in an accelerating flow field.

  • Page 19: Schematic Of The Sensor's Accelerating Orifice And The Laser Velocimeter

    The laser velocimeter uses a 2-milliwatt, polarized helium-neon (HeNe) laser as its light source. In its path to the photomultiplier tube, the laser beam first passes through a beam expander and is then focused by a positive lens. A calcite plate follows the positive lens, splitting the beam via polarization.

  • Page 20: System History

    The two pulses generated by the photomultiplier tube cause two digital pulses to be generated by a triggering circuit. Two high- speed digital clocks, one with 2-nanosecond resolution, the other with 66.67-nanosecond resolution, measure the time between the two pulses. The measured time intervals are then transferred to a multichannel accumulator incorporated into the circuitry of the APS System.
  • Page 21 In December 1987, TSI released the completely new Advanced Software package for the APS written in the “C” computer programming language. This high-level, compiled program makes it possible to display many useful parameters in real time on the computer screen as the APS collects a sample. See Appendix M for more information on the APS Advanced Software.
  • Page 22 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 23: Installing The Sensor

    C H A P T E R 2 I n s t a l l i n g t h e S e n s o r Use the information in this chapter to unpack and install the Model 3310A APS System. An APS System consists of a sensor ®...

  • Page 24: Selecting The Line Voltage

    S e l e c t i n g t h e L i n e V o l t a g e Before you switch on the APS, make sure that the line voltage setting of your sensor matches that of your local line voltage. The APS can operate on these four line voltages: 100 volts AC, 50 or 60 Hz 120 volts AC, 50 or 60 Hz...

  • Page 25: Power Entry, Fuse And Voltage Module

    Housing Voltage Selector Card Indicator Pin Fuse Block Cover Figure 2-1 Power Entry, Fuse and Voltage Module 3. Pull voltage-selector card straight out of housing using the indicator pin. 4. Orient the selector card so that the desired voltage is readable at the bottom.

  • Page 26: Checking And Changing Fuses

    C h e c k i n g a n d C h a n g i n g F u s e s If you change the line voltage, you must also change the fuses to match the voltage (Table 2-2 ). Table 2-2 Matching the Fuse to the Line Voltage Line Voltage...

  • Page 27: North American-Fusing Arrangement

    1. Disconnect the power from the Detector and remove the line cord. 2. Lift off the power-entry module on the back panel of the Detector cover using a small-blade screwdriver or similar tool. Jumper Bar Fuse Block Fuse Cover Figure 2-3 North American–Fusing Arrangement Fuses Fuse Block...

  • Page 28: Attaching The Outer Inlet Tube

    Fuse Fuse Block Cover Figure 2-5 Fuse Block/Cover Assembly A t t a c h i n g t h e O u t e r I n l e t T u b e Remove the yellow plug from the inner aerosol tube—the plug is for shipping purposes only.

  • Page 29: Installing The Outer Inlet Tube

    Flexible Tubing 3/4-inch ID Three 4-40 x 3/8-inch Screws Outer Inlet Tube Sensor Block APS 3310A Figure 2-6 Installing the Outer Inlet Tube Installing the Sensor...
  • Page 30 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 31: Description Of The Sensor

    C H A P T E R 3 D e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e S e n s o r Chapter 3 explains the primary components of the APS, including the switches and indicators of the front and back panels, the flow system, optics system, and the techniques used for signal processing.

  • Page 32: Back Panel Of The Aps 3310A; The Callouts Are Explained In Table 3-2

    Table 3-1 Front Panel Callouts Panel meter (1) An unlabeled meter that displays a voltage corresponding to a light-scattering value (PMT) or a flow meter voltage. Meter selection (2) A set of switches that controls what is read by the panel meter.

  • Page 33: Flow System

    Table 3-2 Back Panel Callouts COM Port (1) A 9-pin connector for serial interfacing to the computer. Sheath Flow (2) A BNC connector for the output of the sheath-air flowmeter. Total Flow (3) A BNC connector for the output of the total-flow flowmeter.

  • Page 34: Aps Flow Diagram

    Flows are controlled using a pressure transducer to monitor the total flow and control the pump. The flow in this feedback loop is controlled by the total flow potentiometer on the front panel of the APS. The ratio of sheath air to aerosol (inner nozzle) flow is controlled manually by the sheath-air valve.

  • Page 35: Optics System

    O p t i c s S y s t e m Refer to the schematic in Figure 3-4 to help you follow the description of the sensor’s focusing optics. The optical assembly is shown in Figure 3-5. The optics’ light source is a 2-milliwatt, polarized, helium-neon (HeNe) laser.

  • Page 36: Signal Processing

    Figure 3-5 Optical Assembly, External View S i g n a l P r o c e s s i n g PMT Module Signal processing begins at the PMT where scattered light from a particle is detected. The signal generated in the tube is divided into AC and DC components.

  • Page 37: Timer Board

    The time between pairs of pulses is called the transit time. In each pair this time ranges from about 800 nanoseconds to 5.5 microseconds. The actual value of the transit time determines the particle aerodynamic size. (See Appendix H for typical examples of pulse pairs.) Once filtered and buffered, the signal is transmitted to both the timer board and CPU board.

  • Page 38: Cpu Board

    CPU Board The CPU board, which includes a microprocessor, an accumulator, and the Large Particle Processor (LPP), provides several functions for the sensor. Its microprocessor controls the sensor as well as the command and data transfers through the computer interface, Port A.
  • Page 39 The microprocessor has general control of the sensor. In an idle state the microprocessor holds the timer and LPP in the standby mode, when no data is taken. When the Clear command is given by a host computer through the communication port (Port A), the microprocessor clears the accumulator memory in preparation for taking a sample.
  • Page 40 ® 3-10 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 41: Operating The Aps

    C H A P T E R 4 O p e r a t i n g t h e A P S As you will see in the following four sections, the sensor is easy to operate. Once you set the flows, the feedback loop keeps them constant;...
  • Page 42 The correct values for flowmeter voltages are taken from the accompanying APS data sheet and from the flowmeter calibration curves. If necessary, use the following three-step procedure to adjust the flow settings: 1. Use the total-flow potentiometer to adjust the pressure-drop voltage to within ±1 millivolt of the value on the data sheet.

  • Page 43: Checking The Inlet Pressure

    C h e c k i n g t h e I n l e t P r e s s u r e The sensor is calibrated at an absolute atmospheric pressure of approximately 29 inches of mercury. If your operating pressure differs significantly, check the calibration of the sensor and recalibrate it if necessary.
  • Page 44 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 45: Particle Coincidence And Count Variance

    C H A P T E R 5 P a r t i c l e C o i n c i d e n c e a n d C o u n t V a r i a n c e P a r t i c l e C o i n c i d e n c e Particle coincidence generally means the presence of more than one particle in the measurement volume at one time.

  • Page 46: Particle Count Variance

    The time necessary to reset the timer after a particle has passed through is called the electronic recovery time. For the 0.5- to 15-micrometer timer, this time is 200 nanoseconds; for the 5- to 30-micrometer timer, it is 840 nanoseconds plus the pulse width of an individual particle pulse.

  • Page 47: Relationship Among Sampling Time, Particle Concentration And Count Variance

    Figure 5-1 Relationship Among Sampling Time, Particle Concentration and Count Variance Particle Coincidence and Count Variance...
  • Page 48 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 49: Maintaining And Servicing The Aps

    C H A P T E R 6 M a i n t a i n i n g a n d S e r v i c i n g t h e A P S C h a n g i n g t h e F i l t e r s Each of the APS’s two thermal mass flowmeters contains an absolute filter that must be changed periodically.

  • Page 50: Components Of The Aps Flowmeter

    Figure 6-2 Components of the APS Flowmeter 5. Each flowmeter is connected to the optics baseplate with two screws. Remove the screws that hold the flowmeter in place. 6. Disconnect the hose(s) leading to the flowmeter; gently pull the flowmeter away from the optics baseplate without kinking the hoses.

  • Page 51: Cleaning The Nozzles

    If you happened to disconnect the hose from the top of the sheath-air flowmeter, be sure to retighten its fitting so that the top of the nut is parallel to the top of the flowmeter. If you don’t tighten the fitting, the flowmeter does not fit flush against the bottom of the baseplate.

  • Page 52: Nozzle Assembly

    Inner Nozzle Outer Nozzle Assembly Brass Screw Setscrew Gasket Figure 6-3 Nozzle Assembly 6. Pull out the inner nozzle (Figure 6-3). 7. Using a syringe filled with isopropyl alcohol, clean the inner nozzle by injecting alcohol into both ends of the nozzle. Dry the inner nozzle by injecting compressed air into both ends of the nozzle.

  • Page 53: Outer Nozzle

    10. Using the Inner Nozzle Insert Tool (Table 2-1), seat the inner nozzle by inserting the Tool into the top of the inner nozzle and pushing down. Measure the section of the inner nozzle emerging from the outer nozzle assembly. If the inner nozzle is correctly seated, this section should measure approximately .36-inch (.9 cm).
  • Page 54 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 55: Troubleshooting The Sensor

    C H A P T E R 7 T r o u b l e s h o o t i n g t h e S e n s o r This chapter lists a series of potential problems for the Model 3310A APS and their solutions.
  • Page 56 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 57: Installing The Microcomputer System

    C H A P T E R 8 I n s t a l l i n g t h e M i c r o c o m p u t e r S y s t e m U n p a c k i n g The IBM microcomputer system, called the Data Analysis Center, includes the parts shown in Table 8-1.

  • Page 58: Using The Aps Software

    4. Connect the serial interface cable (P/N 962002) between the computer’s serial port (9 or 25-pin) and COM Port (9-pin) on the back panel of the sensor. If needed, use the cable adapter in the APS accessory kit. The APS System is now fully configured. Table 8-2 Pin Connections for the Model 3310A Port...

  • Page 59: Basic Software Reference Guide

    C H A P T E R 9 B a s i c S o f t w a r e R e f e r e n c e G u i d e This chapter describes APS Basic software. APS Basic software includes some special programs used in calibrating the APS, in selecting certain files for analysis, and in manually communicating with the APS hardware.

  • Page 60: Baud Rate

    The main programs are APS15 and APS30; they control the sam- pling procedure, perform the data reduction, print the data, and store it on disk. PS1-0 is the machine-language routine that allows you to print high-resolution graphics on the printer. NEWCAL calculates the calibration curve from the calibration data.
  • Page 61 Figure 9-1 Location of the DIP Switch on the CPU Board To change the baud rate, you must change numerical values at four locations (line numbers) in four computer programs as listed below: ! APS15 and APS30 (line 95): 95 X = INP (102): OPEN 'COM1: 9600, E, 7,,CS,DS,CD' AS #2 ↑...

  • Page 62: Baud Rates On The Cpu Board

    Table 9-2 gives the CPU board’s DIP switch settings: Table 9-2 Baud Rates on the CPU Board Switches Baud Rate 1200 2400 4800 ← 9600 Default 19200 = on, = off ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 63: Operating Basic Software

    C H A P T E R 1 0 O p e r a t i n g B a s i c S o f t w a r e This chapter explains how to configure your computer to run the APS Basic software and then describes how the program operates.

  • Page 64: Software Function Keys

    The APS Basic software disk has an installation program that makes it easy to load the files onto your hard disk. To install the software, insert the 3.5-inch disk into the floppy drive in your computer. For these instructions we assume that your floppy drive is A: and that your hard disk is drive C:.

  • Page 65: Running The Aps Basic Program

    Table 10-1 APS Software Keys and Their Functions Function <Esc> Returns the program to the last menu shown. If you press <Esc> when a submenu is displayed, the program returns to the menu that called up the submenu. <C> Activates the graph cursor. <Spacebar>...

  • Page 66: Option 1 - Auto Run

    Since an explanation of options for both programs would be nearly identical, only the options for the 0.5- to 30-micrometer version (Option 2) are described here. However, all exceptions are noted. When you select Option 2, the Main Menu appears: TSI AERODYNAMIC PARTICLE SIZER RANGE: .5 TO 30 µm...

  • Page 67: Option 2 - Clear Accumulator

    To stop the sampling in Auto Run, press the <Esc> key. The prompt “Read Accumulator?” then appears. Press <Y> for yes, <N> for no, or <T> for terminate. If you enter <Y>, the accumulator is read and the program continues normally. If you enter <N>, the accumulator is read and the program proceeds to the next sample.

  • Page 68: Option 3 - Manual Run

    Option 3 – Manual Run Option 3 of the Main Menu, Manual Run, collects a sample and reads the data from the accumulator. The duration of the sample is set in the Run Parameters option, with a default value of 20 seconds.

  • Page 69: Option 4 - Run Parameters

    Option 4 – Run Parameters Option 4 of the Main Menu, Run Parameters, brings up the following submenu: Parameter change options: 1 - SAMPLE TIME .... 20 2 - NUMBER OF SAMPLES ..1 3 - PARTICLE DENSITY ..1 4 - DILUTION RATIO ..

  • Page 70: Option 2 - Number Of Samples

    Option 2 – Number of Samples Option 2 of the Run Parameters submenu, Number of Samples, allows you to set the number of samples taken in the Auto Run option (of the Main Menu) between 1 and 1000. The default value is “1.”...

  • Page 71: Option 4 - Dilution Ratio

    It is these two expressions for surface area and mass that are incorporated into line 5135 of the APS15/APS30 programs. The calculation for respirable mass involves multiplying the mass distribution by the ACGIH respirable mass fractions (see Appendix B). When surface and mass distribution graphs are displayed, selecting a different particle density yields only a different scale for the y axis—the shape of the distribution remains unaltered.

  • Page 72: Option 5 - Efficiency Correct

    The efficiency values for the five dilution ratios appear in Appendix E. Note: The efficiency values at large particle diameters become very small; at some dilution ratios, 400:1 and 2000:1, they actually reach zero. When two diluters are used in series, it is therefore recommended that only the 0.5- to 15-micrometer version of the program be used.
  • Page 73 Efficiency correction data for the full range of APS-measured particle sizes is retained on the main program disk. The data is read from the disk when you activate the Efficiency Correct option and incorporated into all concentration calculations as shown by the following equation: where C(D ) = measured particle concentration in channel D...

  • Page 74: Options 6 Through F - The Auto Run Parameters

    where the numeric portion of each filename corresponds to a dilution ratio. D1 is the default dilution file that is read when no dilution or efficiency correction is used. The listings of the files are found in Appendix E. In the program, the default value for the Efficiency Correct Option is 1.

  • Page 75: Option H - Disk Save

    Option H – Disk Save Option H of the Run Parameters submenu, Disk Save, allows you to automatically save data on the disk at the end of each sample when in the Auto Run mode. (See also the discussion of Option 0 of the Main Menu, Disk Options.) When you press <H>, the following submenu appears: AUTO DISK SAVE OPTIONS:...

  • Page 76: Format For Storing Data Files In Sequence

    Table 10-2 Format for Storing Data Files in Sequence ® 10-14 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 77 Operating Basic Software 10-15...

  • Page 78: Option I - Printout Heading

    C a u t i o n The number of sampling runs that can be stored on a disk is limited in part by the kind of data saved. Accumulator data (through the Accumulator Data Save option) required much more storage space per run than concentration data (through the Concentration Data Save option).

  • Page 79: Option 5 - Size Distribution Graphs

    Option 5 – Size Distribution Graphs Option 5 of the Main Menu, Size Distribution Graphs, brings up the following submenu: SIZE DIST. GRAPHS OPTIONS: 1 - NUMBER CONCENTRATION 2 - SURFACE CONCENTRATION 3 - MASS CONCENTRATION 4 - CUMULATIVE NUMBER 5 - CUMULATIVE SURFACE 6 - CUMULATIVE MASS 7 - % OF TOTAL NUMBER...

  • Page 80: Option 6 - Size Distribution Tables

    To return to the Size Distribution Graphs menu while a graph is displayed, press <Esc>. To return from the Graphs menu to the Main Menu, press <Esc> again. Option 0 is a comparison graph. It compares the latest distribution with the distribution saved with a buffer save (Option 9 of the Main Menu).

  • Page 81: Option 7 - Accumulator Graphs

    To return to the Size Distribution Tables menu from a table, press <Esc>. To return to the Main Menu from the Size Distribution Tables menu, press <Esc> again. Option 4 produces a full-page printout of the concentration and cumulative distribution data in tabular form. Option 5 produces a full-page printout of the percent of total distribution data in tabular form.

  • Page 82: Option 8 - Accumulator Table

    Option 7 plots graphs of the counts in the accumulator bins. Option 1 plots the 128 channels of Large Particle Processor (LPP) data. For Options 2 through 7, each graph plots the counts in the accumulator bins for the 0.5- to 15-micrometer range in increments of 256 bins.

  • Page 83: Option 9 - Buffer Save

    If you want to stop the list from scrolling, press <Spacebar>; press <Spacebar> again to continue the listing. To return the program to the prompt “Enter Start Channel,” press <Esc>. To print the accumulator tables, press <P>. Press it a second time to stop the printout.

  • Page 84: Option 1

    Option 1 If you select Option 1 of the Disk Options submenu, Save, when no sample was taken, the following message appears: “No Sample Taken – Read From Disk?.” If you press <N,> the program returns to the Disk Options menu; if you press <Y,> the message “Enter File Name: [ ]”...

  • Page 85: Option 2

    Option 2 If you select Option 2 of the Disk Options submenu, Read, the program asks for a filename and record number. Enter these items as described in Option 1 above. At this point, the program automatically determines the type of file to be read and reads in the proper variables.
  • Page 86 1. Return to the Main Menu and end the program by pressing <Ctrl_Break>. 2. Enter <print ERL, ERR> (exactly as it is printed here), and press <Enter>. A number then appears; it represents the code for a line number and a disk error. To learn more about disk-error codes, refer to your DOS manual.
  • Page 87 Option A – Select Printer Option A of the Main Menu, Select Printer, allows you to select the type of printer used—Epson or IBM. When you selection Option A, the following submenu appears: Select Printer Press <Esc> to return to Main Menu 1 - Epson Series Printers 2 - IBM Graphics Printer Present printer is (Epson)
  • Page 88 A disk file consists of an array U of 61 elements. Each element U(x) in the array is uniquely related to one of the midpoint diameters (channels) used in the sensor program to define the size range between 0.5 and 30 micrometers. Once the file you create is read into the sensor programs, each array variable becomes part of the equation for calculating the particle concentration, where the measured concentration in each channel is divided by the efficiency...
  • Page 89 Use Option 1, Correct Data, to correct any mistakes you may have made. After you press <1>, the following prompt appears: CHANNEL NO. FOR CORRECTION Enter the number of the channel you want to correct and press <Enter>. The following set of prompts appears on the screen: MIDPOINT SIZE: <number>...

  • Page 90: Sample Printout From The Create Program

    Table 10-3 Sample Printout from the CREATE Program Filename: D10000 Filename: D10000 Channel Size Entered Value Channel Size Entered Value <0.486 4.37 0.504 4.69 0.542 5.04 0.582 5.42 0.626 5.82 0.673 6.26 0.723 6.73 0.777 7.23 0.835 7.77 0.897 8.35 0.964 8.97 1.03...
  • Page 91 How the Program Works To run APSTEST, first exit the Main Menu of the APS BASIC program into the BASICA environment by pressing <Ctrl_Break>. Then type: LOAD “APSTEST” <Enter> RUN <Enter> The program responds: ENTER APSTEST COMMAND Various tests can be done by typing the command calls listed below.
  • Page 92 <Gt> The Go command begins a measurement cycle (where “t” is the sample time in seconds). For example, “G20” instructs the sensor to take a 20- second sample. The Dump command can be used to check the progress of the sampling. <G> causes the timer to run continuously (for up to 9,999,999 seconds) until a Halt or Esc command is received.
  • Page 93 <Si,b,e> The Set command stores calibration data in the sensor using the format of b for the beginning and e for the ending of a given interval i. Setting b and e to “0” defines the end of the calibration table. A sample calibration taken from Table 11-1 serves as the example: S000,187,0,187,0...
  • Page 94 <T3> The <T3> command tests the DIP switch and returns a value between 0 and 7, corresponding to the switch positions (see Table 10-4). The DIP switch assignments are detailed below. The position of the DIP switch on the CPU board is shown in Figure 6- 2, and the switch positions and resultant baud rates are shown below in Table 10-4.
  • Page 95 C H A P T E R 1 1 C a l i b r a t i n g t h e A P S S y s t e m Because calibration is controlled by the software, it is easy to calibrate the sensor and to change the calibration curve.
  • Page 96 1. Remove the standard APS inlet (P/N 1502893) and the top cover. 2. Attach the alternate APS inlet (P/N 1503300) to the nozzle block as shown in Figure 11-2. Figure 11-1 The APS With an Inverted Optics Subassembly; Shown Configured with the Model 3433 Small-Scale Powder Disperser for Large-Size PSL Calibration ®...
  • Page 97 Figure 11-2 Alternate APS Inlet Attached to the Nozzle Block: a Alternate APS Inlet 3. Remove the disperser aerosol outlet tube as shown in Figure 11-3. Figure 11-3 The Aerosol Outlet Tube Removed from the Disperser Calibrating the APS System 11-3...
  • Page 98 4. Invert the entire APS and position it back-to-front on top of the disperser (see Figure 11-4 and 11-5). It is recommended that two people assist with this heavy and awkward maneuver. Figure 11-4 Mating the APS Inlet (Top Cover Removed from APS) With the Upper Nozzle of the Disperser: a APS Inlet Nozzle;...
  • Page 99 Figure 11-5 Final Configuration for an APS with a Noninverted Optics Subassembly, and a Disperser for Large-Size PSL Calibration Preloaded Turntable A special turntable is available for use with this instrument. It has been preloaded with six sizes of PSL particles: 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 29 and 40 micrometers.
  • Page 100 ® Sizes 5 through 20 micrometers are known as Dynospheres ; they ≅1.01). The 10-micrometer have a very narrow size distribution (σ PSL particles have been cross-calibrated against NBS Standard Reference Material 1960. The 29-micrometer size is manufactured by Fastek and has a much broader distribution than the Dyno- spheres.
  • Page 101 R u n n i n g t h e N E W C A L P r o g r a m The NEWCAL program calculates a continuous calibration curve from the calibration data. It stores this curve data in an EEPROM (electrically erasable/programmable read-only memory) on the CPU board within the sensor.

  • Page 102: Example Of A Calibration Session For The 0.5- To 30

    Table 11-1 Example of a Calibration Session for the 0.5- to 30- Micrometer Version of the Sensor Program Enter Run # Enter S/N ? 153 1 - Make new Calib file (<1> selected) 2 - Change existing Calib file Dia. Channel Density 0.330 188.4...
  • Page 103 Option 1 – Make New Calib. File Option 1 of the NEWCAL program displays a heading and then prompts you to “Enter data?.” Enter the calibration data, one particle size at a time. For data points greater than 16 micrometers, you must use the Large Particle Processor (LPP) portion of the accumulator table.
  • Page 104 Here you are given a chance to look over the calibration data that appears on the display screen and to make any corrections. To correct the data, enter the data-point number for the data you want to change (found in the first column on the left, labeled “Pt” in Table 11-1) and press <Enter>.

  • Page 105: Sample Of Calibration Data Points For The 0.5- To 15

    If the 0.5- to 15-micrometer version of the sensor program is to be used, it is inappropriate to calibrate beyond 20 micrometers. A typical sample of data inputs is shown in Table 11-2, with the calibration point at 20 micrometers (channel 56.0) taken from the LPP accumulator channels.
  • Page 106 Its three options are explained below: Option 1 – Change Data Option 1 allows you to change the calibration data if the calculated curve data shows an error. The PART file is read and its data ap- pears on the screen. This option takes the program to the point where the CORRECTIONS prompt appears.
  • Page 107 U s i n g t h e T e s t C a l i b r a t i o n F u n c t i o n A test function has been incorporated to refine the sensor cal- ibration.
  • Page 108 Figure 11-6 Printout of the Screen Data That Appears When Calibrated Data is Transferred From the Computer to the Sensor ® 11-14 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 109 Diameter Channel Density 0.330 188.4 1.050 0.546 189.5 1.027 0.900 207.2 1.050 2.020 272.6 1.027 7.000 502.4 1.050 10.000 615.8 1.050 15.000 781.4 1.050 20.000 56.0 1.050 29.000 71.5 1.050 35.000 80.6 1.050 Figure 11-7 Sample: “Good” Calibration Using the Test Calibration Function Calibrating the APS System 11-15...
  • Page 110 Diameter Channel Density 0.330 188.4 1.050 0.546 189.5 1.027 0.900 207.2 1.050 2.020 272.6 1.027 7.000 502.4 1.050 10.000 615.8 1.050 15.000 781.4 1.050 20.000 56.0 1.050 29.000 71.5 1.050 35.000 80.6 1.050 Figure 11-8 Sample: “Poor” Calibration Using the Test Calibration Function ®...
  • Page 111 A t m o s p h e r i c P r e s s u r e C o r r e c t i o n f o r t h e A P S Since the APS incorporates mass flowmeters in the monitoring of flows, and since these flowmeters are sensitive to atmospheric pressure, adjustments must be made if the operating pressure is far different from the pressure at which the APS was calibrated.
  • Page 112 Figure 11-10 LPP Channel Shift With Atmospheric Pressure Change By using the steps below, you can calculate a new mass flowrate that corresponds to the volumetric flowrate at which the APS was calibrated. This flowrate and the calibration curve for the mass flowmeters included with each APS can be used to modify the flowrate settings for an APS used at a high altitude.
  • Page 113 3. The flowrates that we desire are: total flow = 5 Lpm, sheath air flow = 4 Lpm. Using the well-known gas law equation, = constant we can calculate the modified mass flowrate, V , based on the mass desired volumetric flowrate, V P T V a c vol mass...
  • Page 114 ® 11-20 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 115 A P P E N D I X A P M T A d j u s t m e n t s You can make two adjustments for the photomultiplier tube (PMT) using the two potentiometers shown in Figure A-1. You need not remove the top or bottom covers of the APS;...
  • Page 116 While sampling clean air, set the PMT voltage to the value indicated on the data sheet included with each APS. Generally 300 millivolts is the value used or else it’s the maximum value that can be obtained. Adjust the pulse heights by sampling 0.8-micrometer PSL aerosol and then viewing the signal on an oscilloscope with a mini- mum frequency response of 20 megahertz.

  • Page 117: Acgih Definition Of Respirable Mass

    A P P E N D I X B C a l c u l a t i n g t h e R e s p i r a b l e M a s s Option 1 of the Run Parameters submenu (through Option 4 of the APS Main Menu) allows you to print a hard copy of the total respirable mass data in milligrams per cubic meter.

  • Page 118: Respirable Mass Fractions Used In The Aps Software

    Table B-2 Respirable Mass Fractions Used in the APS Software Calculations Channel Midpoint Respirable Mass Number Diameter (µm) Fraction (%) <0.486 100.0 0.504 100.0 0.542 100.0 0.582 100.0 0.626 100.0 0.673 100.0 0.723 100.0 0.777 100.0 0.835 100.0 0.897 100.0 0.964 100.0 1.03...

  • Page 119: Calculations

    A P P E N D I X C C a l c u l a t i o n s i n N E W C A L Appendix C covers the mechanics of the calculations used in the NEWCAL program (see “Running the NEWCAL Program”...
  • Page 120 Since there are 4m constants to be determined, 4m constraint equations are necessary to solve for the constants. The first constraints are that the splines must join at the data points. Thus: = to − where C is the bin number of the given data point. This gives 2m constraint equations.
  • Page 121 for internal points, and (11) (12) − for the end points. To solve for the values of K, you must solve the following matrix: ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆...
  • Page 122 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 123 A P P E N D I X D E f f e c t s o f C o i n c i d e n c e The sensor employs two timers to optimize the time-of-flight measurement. A 2-nanosecond timer measures particles in the range of 0.5 to 15 micrometers;...
  • Page 124 Figure D-1 Conditions for Coincidence in the APS Sensor Case 3 illustrates the condition that occurs when the first of two coinciding particles has a first pulse that is below the instrument’s detectable limit, but also has a second pulse that exceeds the instrument’s detection threshold and triggers the timer.

  • Page 125: Concentration Levels

    Unlike an optical particle counter—in which the coincidence of two particles causes a single large particle to be counted—the APS sensor generates one or two randomly sized particles for recording. In general, the numerical effects of coincidence are smaller than those of an optical particle counter because of the high particle velocity through the viewing volume.

  • Page 126: Effects Of Single Particles On Mass Distribution (0.5- To 15-Micrometer Program Version

    Figure D-2 Effects of Single Particles on Mass Distribution (0.5- to 15-Micrometer Program Version) If such a distribution is obtained, you are advised to use the 0.5- to 30-micrometer version of the APS System program. This version applies data from additional electronic circuitry to confirm the measurement of large particles.

  • Page 127: Concentration Levels (Particles/Cm 3 ) For 1, 5, And 10 Percent Coincidence Error For Four Particle Diameters

    C o i n c i d e n c e w i t h t h e 6 6 . 6 7 - n s T i m e r The effectiveness of the coincidence with the timer having 66.67-nanosecond resolution is quite different from the timer having 2-nanosecond resolution.
  • Page 128 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 129: Filename: D20

    A P P E N D I X E E f f i c i e n c y D a t a F i l e s f o r t h e M o d e l 3 3 0 2 D i l u t e r The following tables contain the diluter efficiency files used by the APS program to calculate the effect of using various combinations...

  • Page 130: Filename: D100

    Table E-2 Filename: D100 Efficiency Efficiency Channel Size Value Channel Size Value <0.486 4.06 0.99 0.504 4.37 0.98 0.542 4.69 0.97 0.582 5.04 0.95 0.626 5.42 0.93 0.673 5.82 0.723 6.26 0.87 0.777 6.73 0.85 0.835 7.23 0.82 0.897 7.77 0.79 0.964 8.35...

  • Page 131: Filename: D400

    Table E-3 Filename: D400 Efficiency Efficiency Channel Size Value Channel Size Value <0.486 0.99 4.06 0.91 0.504 0.99 4.37 0.88 0.542 0.99 4.69 0.85 0.582 0.99 5.04 0.81 0.626 0.99 5.42 0.78 0.673 0.99 5.82 0.74 0.723 0.99 6.26 0.777 0.99 6.73 0.66...

  • Page 132: Filename: D2000

    Table E-4 Filename: D2000 Efficiency Efficiency Channel Size Value Channel Size Value <0.486 0.99 4.06 1.07 0.504 4.37 1.04 0.542 4.69 1.02 0.582 5.04 0.98 0.626 5.42 0.93 0.673 5.82 0.88 0.723 6.26 0.83 0.777 6.73 0.78 0.835 7.23 0.73 0.897 7.77 0.68...

  • Page 133: Filename: D10000

    Table E-5 Filename: D10000 Efficiency Efficiency Channel Size Value Channel Size Value <0.486 1.05 4.06 1.01 0.504 1.05 4.37 0.99 0.542 1.05 4.69 0.98 0.582 1.05 5.04 0.96 0.626 1.05 5.42 0.93 0.673 1.05 5.82 0.723 1.05 6.26 0.87 0.777 1.05 6.73 0.84...
  • Page 134 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 135 A P P E N D I X F I n v e r t i n g t h e O p t i c a l S u b a s s e m b l y The Model 3310A has a novel design feature. Its optical subassembly—comprised of the HeNe laser, focusing optics and photomultiplier, all bolted to an optical plate—can be inverted within the APS chassis to allow the aerosol to enter from below.
  • Page 136 Description Part No. ® Short length of black plastic tubing with Swagelock nuts 1030797 ® Long length of black plastic tubing with Swagelock nuts 1030798 × ⁄ Countersunk screws, 6-32 in. (6) 5073100 Alternate APS inlet nozzle 1503300 Coaxial extension cable with BNC connectors 1030812 Spacer ring 1503413...

  • Page 137: The Aps With Inlet, Covers And Sidearm Removed

    Step 2 1. Remove the twelve black screws that secure the top and bottom covers of the APS. 2. Remove the APS covers. 3. Remove the two screws that secure the left-hand back panel and then remove the panel. 4. Remove the side-arm screws and then remove the side arms. 5.

  • Page 138: View Of Movement Restrictor From Top Of Aps

    Figure F-3 View of Movement Restrictor From Top of APS: a Movement Restriction Step 3 1. Carefully turn the APS on its right-hand side (viewed from front) and view the back side. 2. Before doing anything else, identify the following components in Figure F-4 and F-5: ! Rear upright support rod and the mounting block for the optical plate...

  • Page 139: View Of Aps On Its Side With Electrical Connections

    Figure F-4 View of APS on its Side With Electrical Connections: a Mounting Block; b Rear Upright Support Rod; c Output Signal Cable; d Analog Out Coaxial; e Laser Power Supply; f Photomultiplier Power Supply Inverting the Optical Subassembly...

  • Page 140: View Of Aps With Electrical Cables Disconnected; A Pmt Power Cable; B Analog Out Cable; C Signal Cable To Cpu Board; D Laser Power Cable

    Figure F-5 View of APS With Electrical Cables Disconnected; a PMT Power Cable; b Analog Out Cable; c Signal Cable to CPU Board; d Laser Power Cable Step 4 1. Before you do anything else, identify the following items in Figures F-6 and F-7: ! Two ribbon cables attached to the flowmeters;...

  • Page 141: Aps Bottom View Showing Flowmeter Connections: A Flowmeter Cables, Red Spot And Blue Spot; B Sheath-Air Control Valve Tubes; C Total-Flow Flowmeter Outlet Tube

    Figure F-6 APS Bottom View Showing Flowmeter Connections: a Flowmeter Cables, Red Spot and Blue Spot; b Sheath-Air Control Valve Tubes; c Total-Flow Flowmeter Outlet Tube Figure F-7 APS View Showing Electrical Cable and Flow Tubing Disconnected; a Total Flow Flowmeter;...

  • Page 142: View Of Aps Showing Free Optics Block

    3. Disconnect and remove the two tubes attached to the sheath-air control valve. During reassembly, these tubes will be replaced with tubes of a different length. Step 5 1. Use the nut driver to remove the three remaining locknuts that secure the optical to the three mounting blocks (Figures F-8 and F-9).

  • Page 143: Optics Block Removed From Aps Frame: A Laser Power-Supply Socket

    Figure F-9 Optics Block Removed From APS Frame: a Laser Power-Supply Socket Step 6 In order to gain access to the screws that secure the front left-hand mounting block, the control printed-circuit board must be removed from its socket and carefully moved to one side. 1.

  • Page 144: Control Pc Board Mounting Screw: A Screw

    Figure F-10 Control PC Board Mounting Screw: a Screw Figure F-11 Removing the Control PC Board 2. Remove the top two screws that secure the front panel and loosen the bottom two front-panel screws. This allows the control board to be removed and shifted to one side without damaging the pushbuttons and LEDs (Figures F-10, F-11 and F-12).

  • Page 145: Front, Left-Hand Side Of Aps Showing Old And New Mounting Block Screw Holes: Front Left-Hand Mounting-Block Screws: A Old Location; B New Location

    3. Remove the two screws from the mounting block and move them to their new location. Keeping the mounting block in exactly the same orientation as before, then secure it to the support rod in its new position. Figure F-12 Front, Left-Hand Side of APS Showing Old and New Mounting Block Screw Holes: Front Left-Hand Mounting-Block Screws: a Old Location;...

  • Page 146: Rear Mounting Block's Screw Holes: Rear Left-Hand Mounting-Block Screws: A Old Location; B New Location

    Figure F-13 Rear Mounting Block’s Screw Holes: Rear Left-Hand Mounting-Block Screws: a Old Location; b New Location Step 8 1. Reposition the right-hand front and rear mounting blocks as shown in Figure F-14 using the countersunk screws provided (P/N 5073100). Once again, make sure that the original block orientation is preserved.

  • Page 147: Inverting The Outer Frame Mounting Blocks: A Laser Power Supply Socket; B Counter Sunk Screws

    Figure F-14 Inverting the Outer Frame Mounting Blocks: a Laser Power Supply Socket; b Counter Sunk Screws Step 9 1. Replace the control board and secure it with the screw as shown in Figure F-10. 2. Redirect the cables and flowmeter tube as shown in Figure F-15: ! The black total-flow flowmeter tube and the photomultiplier power supply cable must be remove through the slot at the bottom of the center plate (Figure F-15).

  • Page 148: Orienting Electrical Cables And Flow Tubing

    ! The ANALOG OUT coaxial cable is redirected through the hole formerly occupied by the laser power-supply socket. 3. Fasten the APS front panel to the APS chassis. Fasten the back panel to the APS chassis. Figure F-15 Orienting Electrical Cables and Flow Tubing: a Total-Flow Flowmeter Tube; b Analog Out Coaxial Cable;...

  • Page 149: Reinserting The Inverted Optics Block

    Figure F-16 Reinserting the Inverted Optics Block Figure F-17 The Inverted Optics Block In Place Inverting the Optical Subassembly F-15...

  • Page 150: All Mounting Blocks In Place

    Step 11 Replace the rear upright support rod and secure the fourth locknut to the optical plate (Figure F-18). Figure F-18 All Mounting Blocks in Place Step 12 1. Make the final connections for the photomultiplier power-supply cable and the signal output cable. Use the coaxial extension cable (P/N 1030812) to connect the ANALOG OUT BNC connector to the photomultiplier control box.

  • Page 151: Step 13

    Figure F-19 Reconnected Flowmeter and PMT Cable and Tubing: a Flowmeter Cables, Red Spot and Blue Spot; b Sheath-Air Flowmeter Tube; c Photomultiplier Power-Supply Cable; d Analog Out Coaxial Cable; e Signal Output Cable Step 13 1. Connect the other end of the sheath-air flowmeter tube to the sheath-air control valve (Figures F-20 and F-21).

  • Page 152: Sheath-Air Tubing Connection: A Sheath-Air Flowmeter Tube

    Figure F-20 Sheath-Air Tubing Connection: a Sheath-Air Flowmeter Tube Figure F-21 Final Tubing Connections and Side-Arm Fastened: a Side Arm; b Branch Tee; c Tube (P/N 1030797) Step 14 1. Remove the rubber diaphragm from the APS’s top cover and remove the cover plate from the APS bottom cover.

  • Page 153: Bottom View Of Covers And Nozzle Replaced: A Alternate Aps Inlet Nozzle; B Spacer Ring

    3. Reattach the APS bottom cover to the side-arms using the six screws previously removed. 4. Attach the alternate APS inlet nozzle (P/N 1503300) to the nozzle block with the three small screws previously removed. Figure F-22 Bottom View of Covers and Nozzle Replaced: a Alternate APS Inlet Nozzle; b Spacer Ring Step 15 Attach the APS top cover as shown (Figure F-23).

  • Page 154: Optics Inversion Is Now Complete

    Figure F-23 Optics Inversion is Now Complete! The inversion of the APS optical is now complete. Congratulations! As a further aid to correctly connecting the plumbing to the optical subassembly, plumbing schematics are included on the next two pages. One shows the plumbing for the conventional orientation of the optics and the other for the inverted optics.

  • Page 155: Plumbing Of The Conventional Optical Subassembly

    Figure F-24 Plumbing of the Conventional Optical Subassembly Inverting the Optical Subassembly F-21...

  • Page 156: Plumbing Of The Inverted Optical Subassembly

    Figure F-25 Plumbing of the Inverted Optical Subassembly ® F-22 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 157: Technique For Sizing 'Difficult' Powders

    A P P E N D I X G P o w d e r S i z i n g W i t h t h e A e r o d y n a m i c P a r t i c l e S i z e r ®...

  • Page 158: Number And Mass Distributions With The Pmt Level At 300 Millivolts

    Figure G-1 Number and Mass Distributions With the PMT Level at 300 Millivolts For an aerosol having approximately unit density, the optical cut occurs at about 0.6 to 0.7 micrometer. If there is a large concentration of particles at this size, coincidence may occur. It is these small particles that cause the 0.5- to 15-micrometer timer to “mistime”...
  • Page 159 This means that the LPP has not detected a single particle. The strange peak at 10 micrometers is a result of the overlap algorithm (a weighting procedure) between 5 and 15 micrometers. This algorithm joins the overlap regions of the distribution on a percentage basis.

  • Page 160: The Same Aerosol As Shown In Figure G-1; Pmt Level Adjusted To 100 Millivolts

    Figure G-2 The Same Aerosol as Shown in Figure G-1; PMT Level Adjusted to 100 Millivolts ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 161: The Same Aerosol As Shown In Figure G-2; Pmt Level Adjusted To 50 Millivolts

    Figure G-3 The Same Aerosol as Shown in Figure G-2; PMT Level Adjusted to 50 Millivolts Powder Sizing With the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer...
  • Page 162 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 163: Analog Output Of The Aps Sensor For 0.546-Micrometer-Diameter Psl Spheres

    A P P E N D I X H Typical Examples of Pulse-Pairs Output From the Photomultiplier The oscilloscope outputs shown in the following four figures were obtained with a 125-millihertz digital-storage oscilloscope (LeCroy 9400 Dual). TSI has found this oscilloscope particularly useful in monitoring the pulses generated by the photomultiplier (PMT) of the APS sensor.

  • Page 164: Analog Output Of The Aps Sensor For 10-Micrometer-Diameter Psl Spheres

    Figure H-2 Analog Output of the APS Sensor for 10-Micrometer-Diameter PSL Spheres ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...

  • Page 165: Analog Output Of The Aps Sensor For Psl Particles At 29 Micrometers In Diameter

    Figure H-3 Analog Output of the APS Sensor for PSL Particles at 29 Micrometers in Diameter An interesting effect shows up in Figure H-4, where the oscilloscope output for individual PSL particles is sized at 0.79 and 1.091 micrometers. Note how the small PSL particle has generated a larger pulse height than the larger PSL particle.

  • Page 166: Analog Output Of The Aps Sensor For Psl Spheres At

    Figure H-4 Analog Output of the APS Sensor for PSL Spheres at Diameters of 0.79 and 1.091 Micrometers ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 167 A P P E N D I X I Bibliography of Scientific Papers Directly Related to APS Sensor Performance The papers listed below refer to a previous version of the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS33). However, users of the revised version of the APS sensor (APS 3310A System) may find these articles of interest.
  • Page 168 “A New Diluter for High Concentration Measurements with the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer” R.J. Remiarz and E.M. Johnson TSI Quarterly, Vol X, Issue 1, pp 7-12, 1984 “Aerodynamic Particle Size: Why Is It Important?” G.J. Sem TSI Quarterly, Vol X, Issue 3, pp 3-12, 1984 “On Aerosol Size Distribution Measurement by Laser and White Light Optical Particle Counters”...
  • Page 169 “Aspects on the Calibration of the APS 3300” O.L. Nesbrink and L. Asking Proceedings of the 1st Annual Conference of the Aerosol Society, Loughborough, UK, pp 13-15 (1987) “An Improved Aerodynamic Particle Size Analyzer” D.B. Blackford, F.R. Quant, and G. Sem Presented at the 18th Annual Meeting of the Fine Particle Society, Boston, USA (1987) (A copy can be obtained from D.
  • Page 170 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 171 A P P E N D I X J G e n e r a t i n g a P r o g r a m L i s t i n g Rather than reproduce a listing here of the BASIC program code that is used to write the four main programs (APS30.BAS, APS15.BAS, CREATE.BAS, and APSTEST.BAS), program code that may soon be outdated anyway, this section explains how to print...
  • Page 172 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer...
  • Page 173 A P P E N D I X K T e c h n i c a l P a p e r “Real-Time Aerodynamic Particle Size Analyzer” by: R. J. Remiarz, J. K. Agarwal, F. R. Quant and G. J. Sem The following technical paper is reprinted from the proceedings of the International Symposium on Aerosols in the Mining and Industrial Work Environment—Minneapolis (1983) Ann Arbor...
  • Page 174 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 175 Technical Paper...
  • Page 176 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 177 Technical Paper...
  • Page 178 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 179 Technical Paper...
  • Page 180 ® Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 181 Technical Paper...
  • Page 182 ® K-10 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 183 Technical Paper K-11...
  • Page 184 ® K-12 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 185 Technical Paper K-13...
  • Page 186 ® K-14 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 187 Technical Paper K-15...
  • Page 188 ® K-16 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 189 Technical Paper K-17...
  • Page 190 ® K-18 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer...
  • Page 191 A P P E N D I X L M o d e l 3 3 1 0 A S p e c i f i c a t i o n s Table L-1 Specifications of the Model 3310A Measurement technique The time-of-flight of individual particles is measured in an accelerating flow field.

  • Page 192: Specifications Of The Model 3310A

    Table L-1 Specifications of the Model 3310A (continued) Calibration Lower sizes (0.32–2 µm) A range of National Institute for Standard Technology (NIST)-traceable monosized polystyrene latex (PSL) particles, dispersed with a Model 3076 Atomizer and Model 3062 Diffusion Drier. Upper sizes (5–35 µm) A range of NIST-traceable monosized polystyrene latex (PSL) particles, dispersed with a Model 3433 Small-Scale...
  • Page 193 A P P E N D I X M E l e c t r i c a l S c h e m a t i c s The following schematics are included: 9060172, Revision B (sheet 1 of 1) 9060173, Revision B (sheet 1 of 1) 9060171, Revision B (sheet 1 of 1) 9060174, Revision A (sheet 1 of 1)
  • Page 194 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer...
  • Page 195 Electrical Schematics...
  • Page 196 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer...
  • Page 197 Electrical Schematics...
  • Page 198 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer...
  • Page 199 Electrical Schematics...
  • Page 200 Model 3310A Aerodynamic Particle Sizer...
  • Page 201 I n d e x disk file, 10-26 full disk, 10-23 2-nanosecond increments, 3-8 hard disk, 10-1 2-nanosecond resolution, 1-4, D-5 main program disk, 10-11 2-nanosecond timer, D-1, D-5, L-1 new disk, 10-21 program disk, 10-26, L-2 saving data to disk, 10-5 50½...
  • Page 202 port B, 10-29 powder sizing, 1-4, G-1 help, 3-3, 11-10, F-12 pressure correction, 4-2 printer, 8-1, 9-1–9-2, 10-12, 10-17, 10-25, 10-28, I–J–K 11-7, J-1, L-2 inlet pressure, 1-2, 4-3 product information, 9-1 inlet tube, 2-6, 3-3, 6-5 PS2, 1-4, 9-1–9-2, L-2 introduction to the system, 1-1 PSL (spheres), 10-20, 11-1, 11-4–11-7, 11-13, A-2, inverted optics, 11-1...
  • Page 203 X–Y–Z XT, 1-4, 9-1, L-2 Electrical Schematics Index-3...
  • Page 205 R e a d e r ’ s C o m m e n t s Please help us improve our manuals by completing and returning this questionnaire to the address listed in the “About This Manual” section. Feel free to attach a separate sheet of comments. Manual Title Rev.

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