TSI Instruments 3936 Operation And Service Manual
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TSI Instruments 3936 Operation And Service Manual

Particle sizer smps spectrometer
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Aerosol Neutralizers
Model 3936
Scanning Mobility
Particle Sizer™ (SMPS™) Spectrometer
Operation and Service Manual
P/N 1933796, Revision P
June 2010

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  • Page 1 Aerosol Neutralizers Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer™ (SMPS™) Spectrometer Operation and Service Manual P/N 1933796, Revision P June 2010...
  • Page 5 SMPS™ Spectrometer Overview Unpacking the SMPS™ Spectrometer Model 3936 Setting Up SMPS™ Hardware Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer™ (SMPS™) Spectrometer Operating SMPS™ Hardware Operation and Service Manual Maintaining and Troubleshooting the SMPS™ Spectrometer Service Appendixes and Index...

  • Page 6: Manual History

    M a n u a l H i s t o r y The following is a history of the Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer Operation and Service ™ ™ Manual, P/N 1933796. Revision Date First printing...

  • Page 7: Warranty

    W a r r a n t y 1933796 / Revision P / June 2010 Part Number ©TSI Incorporated / 1999–2010 / All rights reserved Copyright TSI Incorporated / 500 Cardigan Road / Shoreview, MN 55126 / USA Address (651) 490-3824 Fax No.

  • Page 8: Smps™ Spectrometer

    TSI Incorporated acknowledges the significant contributions of Richard C. Flagan of the Acknowledgments California Institute of Technology and Kevin Horton of AEA Technology for their research and support in developing Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) system software. viii Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 9: Safety

    S a f e t y This section gives instructions to promote safe and proper operation of the Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ™ (SMPS ) Spectrometer, samples of warnings found in this manual, ™ and information on labels attached to system instruments.

  • Page 10: Chemical Safety

    Using the CPC with hazardous gases may cause injury to personnel and damage to equipment. Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 11: Radiation Safety

    R a d i a t i o n S a f e t y The Model 3080 Electrostatic Classifier contains a Model 3077A (or optional 3077) Aerosol Neutralizer with a Krypton-85 source. Under normal circumstances, you will not come into contact with hazardous radiation.
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  • Page 13: Table Of Contents

    C o n t e n t s Manual History ................... vi Warranty ....................vii Safety ......................ix Laser Safety ..................ix Electrical Safety ..................ix Chemical Safety ..................x Radiation Safety ..................xi Labels ....................xi About This Manual ................. xvii Purpose ....................
  • Page 14 3-4 Model 3010 CPC with Long DMA ............. 3-7 3-5 Model 3775 CPC with Nano DMA ............ 3-8 3-6 Model 3022A CPC with Nano DMA ..........3-9 3-7 Model 3775 CPC with Long DMA ........... 3-10 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...
  • Page 15 3-8 Model 3022A CPC with Long DMA ..........3-10 3-9 Model 3776 UCPC with Nano DMA ..........3-11 3-10 Model 3025A UCPC with Nano DMA ..........3-12 3-11 Model 3776 CPC with Long DMA ........... 3-13 3-12 Model 3025A UCPC with Long DMA ..........3-13 3-13 Model 3782, 3785, or 3786 WCPC with Nano DMA .......
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  • Page 17: About This Manual

    A b o u t T h i s M a n u a l P u r p o s e This is an installation and operations manual for the Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer.

  • Page 18: Submitting Comments

    If the comment sheet has already been used, please mail, fax or email your comments on another sheet of paper to: TSI Incorporated 500 Cardigan Road Shoreview, MN 55126 Fax: (651) 490-3824 Email: particle@tsi.com xviii Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 19: Product Description

    C H A P T E R 1 S M P S™ S p e c t r o m e t e r O v e r v i e w This chapter contains an introduction to the Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer and a brief ™...

  • Page 20: How The System Operates

    ™ sample data. Data can be displayed in graphs and tables and can be exported to other applications. For a detailed theory of operation, refer to Appendix Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 21: Packing Lists

    U n p a c k i n g t h e S M P S™ S p e c t r o m e t e r Use the information in this chapter to unpack the various components of the 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ™...

  • Page 22: Unpacking Instructions

    If anything is missing or appears to be damaged, contact your TSI representative, or contact TSI at 1-800-874-2811 (USA) or 001- (651) 490-2811. Chapter 6, “Service,” gives instructions for returning the SMPS spectrometer to TSI Incorporated. Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 23: Cabling Connections

    C H A P T E R 3 S e t t i n g U p S M P S H a r d w a r e This chapter gives information you need to set up the Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer hardware: ™...

  • Page 24: Cabling The Cpc To The Computer

    Refer to the individual CPC manual for detailed instructions. C a u t i o n When connecting any model of CPC, use the RS-232 or USB cable supplied with the CPC. Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 25: Applying Power Sequence

    N o t e When connecting the RS-232 or USB cable, make sure you connect the cable from the computer to the CPC. The SMPS™ spectrometer requires the synchronization between classifier voltage and particle counts that the ® CPC provides. If using Aerosol Instrument Manager software version 8.2 or later, an optional connection between the computer and the Model 3080 classifier can be made using an RS-232 cable.

  • Page 26: Recommended Mode Of Operation

    Model 3085 Nano DMA and a Model 3772 or 3010 CPC: 1. Connect the CPC vacuum connection (¼-inch tube connection on back panel) to a vacuum source or pump (see the Model 3772 or 3010 CPC manual for details). Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 27: Model 3772 Cpc With Nano Dma

    2. Locate the ¼-inch diameter (nominal) flexible tubing (3001903) from the Classifier accessory kit and cut a length to 25 cm [10 in.]. 3. For the 3010 CPC, locate the Fitting adapter assembly ⁄ (1035992) from the SMPS accessory kit and fit the -inch end over the inlet of the CPC.

  • Page 28: Model 3010 Cpc With Nano Dma

    3772 CPC or the fitting adapter on the 3010 CPC. 5. Position the 3772 or 3010 CPC so that the flexible tubing connects from the DMA monodisperse aerosol outlet to the tee. Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 29: Model 3772 Cpc With Long Dma

    Figure 3-3 Model 3772 CPC with Long DMA Figure 3-4 Model 3010 CPC with Long DMA Setting Up SMPS Hardware...

  • Page 30: Connecting The Model 3775 Or 3022A Cpc

    CPC. 3. Position the 3775 or 3022A CPC so that the flexible tubing connects from the DMA monodisperse aerosol outlet to the tee. Figure 3-5 Model 3775 CPC with Nano DMA Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 31: Model 3022A Cpc With Nano Dma

    Figure 3-6 Model 3022A CPC with Nano DMA Model 3775 or 3022A with Long DMA Refer to Figure 3-7 and Figure 3-8 and the following instructions to connect the plumbing between a Model 3080 Classifier with a Model 3081 Long DMA and a Model 3775 or 3022A CPC: 1.

  • Page 32: Connecting The Model 3776 Or 3025A Ucpc

    Connecting the Model 3776 or 3025A UCPC Use the procedures in this subsection to connect a Model 3776 or 3025A UCPC to the Classifier in underpressure or in overpressure mode. 3-10 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 33: Model 3776 Ucpc With Nano Dma

    Model 3776 or 3025A with Nano DMA Refer to Figure 3-9 and Figure 3-10 and the following instructions to connect the plumbing between a Model 3080 Classifier with a Model 3085 Nano DMA and a Model 3776 or 3025A UCPC: 1.

  • Page 34: Model 3025A Ucpc With Nano Dma

    3776 UCPC or the fitting adapter on the 3025A UCPC. 4. Position the 3776 or 3025A UCPC so that the flexible tubing connects from the DMA monodisperse aerosol outlet to the tee. 3-12 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 35: Model 3776 Cpc With Long Dma

    Figure 3-11 Model 3776 UCPC with Long DMA Figure 3-12 Model 3025A UCPC with Long DMA Setting Up SMPS Hardware 3-13...

  • Page 36: Connecting The Model 3782, 3785, Or 3786 Wcpc

    3. Position the WCPC so that the flexible tubing connects from the DMA monodisperse aerosol outlet to the tee. Figure 3-13 Model 3782, 3785, or 3786 WCPC with Nano DMA 3-14 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 37: Model 3782, 3785, Or 3786 Wcpc With Long Dma

    Model 3782/3785/3786 with Long DMA Refer to Figure 3-14 and the following instructions to connect the plumbing between a Model 3080 Classifier with a Model 3081 Long DMA and a Model 3782, 3785, or 3786 WCPC: 1. Locate the ¼-inch diameter (nominal) flexible tubing (3001903) from the Classifier accessory kit and cut a length to 25 cm [10 in.].
  • Page 38 (This page intentionally left blank) 3-16 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 39: Before You Begin

    C H A P T E R 4 O p e r a t i n g S M P S™ H a r d w a r e After you have set up the SMPS spectrometer plumbing in ™ Chapter 3, use the information in this chapter to do the following: ...

  • Page 40: Selecting Flow Rates

    3782 WCPC or 3786 UWCPC, the flow is fixed at 0.6 L/min. And the flow can be toggled between 0.3 L/min or 1.5 L/min in the case of the 3775, 3776, 3022A or 3025A CPC. Other flows require the Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 41: Schematic Flow Diagram Of The Classifier With Nano Dma

    use of the flow equalizer assembly (filter and valve) to provide filtered makeup air to the CPCs. Figure 4-3 Schematic Flow Diagram of the Classifier with Nano DMA The Nano DMA has the option of using a bypass flow to draw additional flow up to the inlet slit of the DMA to reduce transport time and, therefore, diffusion losses for small particles.

  • Page 42: Recommended Operating Parameters

    The actual range will depend also on temperature, pressure, gas type, and scan time. These flows require the use of the flow equalizer assembly (filter and valve) to provide filtered makeup air to the CPCs. Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 43: Impactor As A Flowmeter

    Impactor as a Flowmeter The primary function of the impactor is to remove larger particles that carry more than a single charge (see Appendix B). However, the impactor is also used as a flowmeter, since the pressure drop across the impactor is proportional to the square of the flow rate. Ideally, the cut size of the impactor would match the upper size limit of the measurement range.

  • Page 44: Setting Flow Rates

    ™ ensure the system is leak-tight and the flows are laminar. All flow rates must be set to proper values before checking the system (see “Setting Flow Rates” in this chapter). Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...
  • Page 45 1. On the Classifier, the voltage control should be set to “Panel Ctrl” (lower left pane on display—see Figure 4-1) to allow the DMA voltage to be controlled from the front panel, and the DMA Voltage control (upper left pane on display) must be set to 0 volts (off).
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  • Page 47: Maintenance Recommendations

    T r o u b l e s h o o t i n g t h e S M P S™ S p e c t r o m e t e r This chapter gives maintenance recommendations, as well as a section on troubleshooting the Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer.

  • Page 48: Problems And Solutions

    Make sure the serial cable is connected to the Classifier serial port. communicate with Classifier SMPS spectrometer The computer serial cable for the SMPS spectrometer should be cannot communicate connected to the CPC not the Classifier. with Classifier Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 49: Testing For Leaks

    Testing for Leaks Use the information in this section to check the SMPS ™ spectrometer plumbing for leaks. Use the Classifier Manual procedures to check for leaks in the Model 3080 Classifier, and use the CPC manual procedures to check for leaks in your CPC. System Plumbing Use the following procedure to check the SMPS spectrometer...
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  • Page 51 C H A P T E R 6 S e r v i c e This chapter gives directions for contacting people at TSI Incorporated for technical information and directions for returning the Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ™ ™...

  • Page 52: Returning The Smps™ Spectrometer For Service

    Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 53: Smps Specifications

    A P P E N D I X A S p e c i f i c a t i o n s Table A-1 gives specifications for the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer. These specifications are subject to ™...
  • Page 54 *-S refers to a CPC in which the Scanning Firmware EPROM has been installed. **Actual measurement times depend on particle concentration, selected size range, selected size resolution, and CPC model. † Vacuum pump is required for 3772 and 3010-S CPCs. Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...
  • Page 55 A P P E N D I X B T h e o r y o f O p e r a t i o n This appendix describes the theory of operation and working equations for the individual instruments that make up the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer.

  • Page 56: Impaction Theory And Operation

    Classifier (see Figure B-1). The aerosol first enters an impactor, which removes particles above a known particle size by inertial impaction. The aerosol flow is accelerated through a nozzle directed at a flat plate, as shown in Figure B-2. Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 57: Classifier Shown With Impactor Installed On Inlet

    Figure B-1 Classifier Shown with Impactor Installed on Inlet Impaction Nozzle or Stream Lines Impaction Plate Figure B-2 Cross-Sectional View of an Inertial Impactor [Hinds, 1982] The impaction plate deflects the flow to form a 90° bend in the streamlines. Particles with sufficient inertia are unable to follow the streamlines and impact on the plate.

  • Page 58: Electrostatic Classifier

    The particles and ions undergo frequent collisions due to the random thermal motion of the ions. The particles quickly reach a state of equilibrium, in which the particles carry a bipolar charge distribution. Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 59: Flow Schematic For The Electrostatic Classifier With Long Ldma

    Figure B-3 Flow Schematic for the Electrostatic Classifier with Long DMA The charged aerosol passes from the neutralizer into the main portion of the Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA), shown in Figure B-3. The DMA contains two concentric metal cylinders. The polydisperse aerosol (q ) and sheath air (q ) are introduced at the...

  • Page 60: Dma

    The remaining particles are removed from the Classifier via the excess air flow (q Figure B-4 Flow Schematic for the Electrostatic Classifier with Nano DMA Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 61: Charging Theory

    C h a r g i n g T h e o r y The particle charge distribution used in the data reduction for the SMPS spectrometer is based on a theoretical model developed by ™ Wiedensohler [1986] and is an approximation of the Fuchs [1963] diffusion theory for particle sizes in the submicrometer regime.

  • Page 62: Midpoint Mobilities, Midpoint Particle Diameters, And Fraction Of Total Particle Concentration That Carries +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, And +6 Elementary Charges As A Function Of Mobility

    0.6043 0.1278 0.0854 0.0475 0.0215 0.0081 0.0025 1.618E-5 0.6978 0.1194 0.0821 0.0491 0.0243 0.0102 0.0037 1.367E-5 0.8058 0.1121 0.0789 0.0500 0.0267 0.0124 0.0050 1.159E-5 0.9306 0.1063 0.0763 0.0501 0.0286 0.0145 0.0065 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 63: Coefficients For Equation

    The formulas used to calculate Table B-1 are shown below. They are taken from Wiedensohler [1988]. To calculate the fraction of particles carrying zero, one or two charges, use Equation B-2 which is an approximation of the Fuchs model. Equation B-2 is valid for size ranges: 1 nm = D = 1000 nm for N = -1, 0, 1...

  • Page 64: Particle Mobility Theory

    µ than to calculate λ as long as the values are consistent for each equation). Values for common gases can be found in Radar (1990). An explanation of the gas equations can be found in Willeke & Baron (1993). B-10 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...
  • Page 65 The range of particle diameters removed from the Electrostatic Classifier not depends only on particle electrical mobility. Knutson [1975] determined the relationship between the particle electrical mobility and the Classifier parameters. The relationship is given in equation B-5.   ...

  • Page 66: Center Rod Voltage As A Function Of Particle Diameter For Normal Operating Conditions Of The Long Dma

    1000 0.001 0.01 Particle Diameter, Dp, µm Figure B-6 Center Rod Voltage as a Function of Particle Diameter for Normal Operating Conditions of the Long DMA [Agarwal and Sem, 1978] B-12 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 67: Cpc Theory

    C o n d e n s a t i o n P a r t i c l e C o u n t e r There are several models of CPCs: Model 3772, 3775, 3776, 3010, 3022A, 3025A CPCs, 3782, 3785, and 3786 WCPCs. Model 3782, 3785 and 3786 WCPCs use water as the condensing fluid.

  • Page 68: Graph Of The Cpc Counting Efficiency Curves

    Several particle detection efficiencies are shown in Figure B-7. Figure B-7 Graph of the CPC Counting Efficiency Curves B-14 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 69: Particle Counting

    Particle Counting Once the particles have grown to an optically detectable size (typically, 2 to 3 micrometers), they pass through a light beam and scatter light onto a photodetector. The calculation of particle concentration is different for each CPC, but all models operate in the single-particle count mode at concentrations below a certain value.

  • Page 70: Operating At Higher Concentrations

    As shown in Table B-3, the Model 3010 CPC is suitable for monitoring concentrations up to 10,000 particles/cm with very little coincidence. For concentrations above those in Table B-3, contact TSI Incorporated for a more suitable particle counter. B-16 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 71: The Data Measurement Process

    C a u t i o n At concentrations above 10,000, the Model 3010 CPC display flashes in the concentration mode (PT/CM ). If this occurs, the number of particles shown on the display could be substantially lower than the actual concentration. T h e D a t a M e a s u r e m e n t P r o c e s s Aerosol Instrument Manager ®...

  • Page 72: Transfer Function Of The Electrostatic Classifier [Knutson And Whitby, 1975

    Calculation of statistics is also done at the selected resolution with its associated channel averaging. Transfer Function Electrical Mobility ∆ Figure B-8 Transfer Function of the Electrostatic Classifier [Knutson and Whitby, 1975] B-18 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 73: March

    R e f e r e n c e s Adachi, M., K. Okuyama and Y. Kousaka [1985] “Electrical Neutralization of Charged Aerosol Particles by Bipolar Ions,” Journal of Chemical Engineering, Japan, 16:229. Agarwal J.K., and G.J. Sem [1978] “Generating Submicron Monodisperse Aerosols for Instrument Calibrations,”...

  • Page 74: April

    Liu, B.Y.H., and D.Y.H. Pui [1974] “Equilibrium Bipolar Charge Distribution,” Journal of Colloid Interface Science, 49:305. Liu, BYH and DYH Pui [1974] “Electrical Neutralization of Aerosols,” Journal of Aerosol Science, 5:465–472. B-20 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...

  • Page 75: April

    Liu, B.Y.H., K.L. Rubow, and D.Y.H. Pui [1985] “Performance of HEPA and ULPA Filters.” Particle Technology Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1985 Proceedings31st Annual Technical Meeting, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 25-28, 30 Apr – 2 May. Liu W., S.L. Kaufman, G.J. Sem, and F.R. Quant [2004] “Material Effects on Threshold Counting Efficiency of TSI Model 3785 Water-based Condensation Particle Counter,”...
  • Page 76 “Investigation of the Bipolar Charge Distribution at Various Gas Conditions,” Journal of Aerosol Science, 17:413. Wiedensohler, A., and H.J. Fissan [1988] “Aerosol Charging in High Purity Gases,” Journal of Aerosol Science, Vol. 19. B-22 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...
  • Page 77 A P P E N D I X C C a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e G e o m e t r i c M e a n a n d G e o m e t r i c S t a n d a r d D e v i a t i o n f o r N u m b e r , S u r f a c e , a n d V o l u m e...
  • Page 78 = geometric mean diameter = midpoint diameter for size channel i N = total concentration ∆N = concentration within the channel i m = first channel n = last channel Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...
  • Page 79 A P P E N D I X D Communication between Aerosol Instrument ® Manager Software and the Electrostatic Classifier Model 3080 ® The Aerosol Instrument Manager software version 8.2 is capable of communicating with the TSI Model 3080 Electrostatic Classifier. If you wish to use this communication, connect the computer to the classifier with a serial cable or USB-to-serial cable.
  • Page 80 = Sample flow pressure in kPa (from Classifier) = Reference pressure in kPa (from Properties dialog) = Sutherland Constant (from Properties dialog) = Reference gas viscosity in Pa*s (from Properties dialog) = Actual gas viscosity in Pa*s Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...
  • Page 81 I n d e x communication with electrostatic classifier, D-1 communications. (see HOST mode and error messages) accessory kit, 2-2 Concentration acknowledgments, viii equation, B-16 address, TSI, vii high, B-16 Aerosol Instrument Manager Software for SMPS range, A-1 manual, xvii Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) Aerosol Neutralizer.
  • Page 82 2-2 manual, xviii Interface Pack theory of operation, B-13 packing list, 2-2 with Long DMA, 3-12, 3-13 with Nano DMA, 3-11, 3-12 Model 3071, 3-4 Index-2 Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer...
  • Page 83 Model 3085 Nano DMA with Long DMA, 3-15 electrical safety, ix photograph, 1-1 with Nano DMA, 3-14 with Model 3010, 3-4 Model 3936 with Model 3022A, 3-8 applications, 1-2 with Model 3025A, 3-11 cabling connections, 3-1 with Model 3772, 3-4...
  • Page 84 SMPS spectrometer. (see also Model 3936) P–Q applications, 1-2 packing instructions, 6-2 cabling connections, 3-1 packing lists, 2-1 components, 2-1 papers (research), B-19 history, B-1 particle counting, B-15 introduction, 1-1 particle mobility theory, B-10 maintenance, 5-1 plumbing, 5-3 recommendations, 5-1...
  • Page 85 W–X–Y–Z warning hazardous gases, x high voltage, x optical radiation, ix radiation, xi Windows. (see Microsoft Windows) Index Index-5...

  • Page 87: Reader's Comments

    Please help us improve our manuals by completing and returning this questionnaire to the address listed in the “About This Manual” section. Feel free to attach a separate sheet of comments. Manual Title Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS ) Spectrometer ™...
  • Page 89 TSI Incorporated – 500 Cardigan Road, Shoreview, MN 55126 U.S.A Tel: +1 800 874 2811 E-mail: particle@tsi.com Website: www.tsi.com Tel: +44 149 4 459200 E-mail: tsiuk@tsi.com Website: www.tsiinc.co.uk France Tel: +33 491 11 87 64 E-mail: tsifrance@tsi.com Website: www.tsiinc.fr Germany Tel: +49 241 523030 E-mail: tsigmbh@tsi.com...

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